Adult Ego State Research Articles

Brain Hemisphere Specialization and Neurodiversity as Influencing Factors on the Phenomenology of the Adult Ego State

The author reviews the development of Adult ego state theories and their applicability to people of different neurotypes. He examines progress in the field of brain hemisphere research and highlights perceptual differences between the right and left brain hemispheres, which actuate the Adult ego state. Applying this research to how the Adult ego state has been modeled in TA, the author questions whether a single model can capture the full functional capacity of the Adult and challenges a valorization of the Adult ego state. Ways in which current Adult ego state models might be adapted are suggested to accommodate the breadth of neurological variance in practitioners and clients. The author then reconceptualizes Adult ego state functioning to inform readers about how the Adult operates differently across neurotypes.

The Topic of Money in the Life of a Specialist of Helping Professions

This article examines from different angles the issues of choosing a cost of payment for psychological counseling, the role of a therapist’s own life script and its impact on the personal financial sphere. It is assumed that the topic of money, consciously or not, is often avoided in discussions by the professional community of psychologists and other helping professionals. The author suggests that the reasons for such avoidance are: the cultural script, the history of the development of psychology in the post-Soviet space, the peculiarities of the ethics of the profession and higher professional education. The author proposes methods for calculating the cost of one consultation and a scheme for studying personal financial blocks in a psychotic script of a psychologist. An algorithm is presented that allows decontamination of the Adult ego state through working with proverbs, sayings and family myths using phenomenological questions and subsequent analysis.

The Influence of Personality Structure on the Level of Professional Burnout

The influence of the level of professional (emotional) burnout on the quality of work of educational psychologists of municipal educational organizations has determined the relevance of this article, which analyzes the dependence of the personality structure presented in Transactional Analysis as the combination of three ego states (Parent, Child and Adult) on the coefficient of professional burnout. This coefficient is interpreted as an integral indicator of three factors: psycho-emotional exhaustion, depersonalization/dehumanization and reduction of professional achievements. Identification of the personality structure of the study participants, calculation of the coefficient of their professional (emotional) burnout, structuring the levels of severity of factors of professional (emotional) burnout, implemented as research objectives, created the possibility of achieving the research goal. The hypothesis was tested by means of mathematical statistics methods. The visibility and accessibility of conclusions about the correlations between the integral indicator of professional (emotional) burnout and the level of severity of ego states in the egogram are provided by their graphical and textual expression. The presented data on the absence of a critical level of professional (emotional) burnout of educational psychologists of municipal educational organizations and the presence of a correlation between the reduction of professional achievements and the Adult ego state substantiate the vector of further work to ensure conditions for maintaining the desired psycho-emotional state of specialists.

The Development of the Adult Self: An Existential, Relational, and Developmental Approach to Our Human Search for Meaning

The author offers a theory of the development of the adult self that can be used to understand existential life predicaments that may not originate in childhood. She proposes an existential and developmental approach to working with a client’s search for meaning in a relational psychotherapy and offers five developmental stages of the adult self, diagramed as concentric circles in an integrating Adult ego state. Drawing on the work of existential psychotherapists, developmental psychologists, and Levin-Landheer’s cycle of development, the author outlines possible tasks and conflicts of each life stage. Rather than a medicalized treatment plan, she offers an existential and cocreative perspective comprised of eight possible therapeutic phases that she calls encounters for change. The clinical examples she provides demonstrate how exploring and sharing our own painful truths about life’s journey can provide a spiritual, relational, and cocreative encounter for our clients and ourselves.

The Efficacy of Transactional Analysis as a Community-Based Intervention for Substance Use Disorder

This study examines the effectiveness of transactional analysis (TA) as a recovery support for substance users with mild to moderate substance use disorders (SUD). A modified version of a 12-session TA program was implemented for 3 months. There were 25 participants who took part during the sessions. The findings revealed a significant treatment impact in reducing psychological distress and drug craving across all sub-elements, including intensity of craving, frequency of craving, duration of craving, and number of times of craving (p < .05). Over the course of the sessions, the frequency of lapses decreased. The findings indicate that TA is helpful in the recovery of those with SUD, especially by strengthening the Adult ego state and changing the stroking pattern and life position of individuals. Further research directions might include a follow-up study after the program, more attention to stress management, and the role of the Parent ego state. One implication of this study might be that providing a framework for a TA psychotherapy in the treatment interventions for individuals with SUD is useful.

Structural Transactional Analysis: Ego Selves and Ego States - Cause-Effect and Interventions

This article identifies the physiological, neurological, and psychological determinants that arise from constraints imposed by both genetic and environmental factors, originating human behaviours. The determinants, called Ego Selves, that organise the phenomena that Eric Berne classified, structured, conceptualised, and defined to mould transactional analysis and design instruments to assist professionals and patients to adjust behaviours, are analysed. A different form of presenting the adapted Child, differentiating it from Berne’s model where the adapted Child is shown as a part of the natural Child, is presented. Parent-Adapted Child, and the Adult ego states, adjusting their manifestation and organization to the physiological development of their corres-ponding ego self, are identified, proposing that the Adapted Child is a part of the Parent ego state. Contamination is reviewed and adjusted for cons-istency between cause and effect, identifying that the contaminated ego state is the Parent ego state, creating a delusion based on injunctions that generate an illusion in the adapted Child portion of it which in turn causes the natural child’s emotional reaction, considerably limiting the Adult ego state's capabilities to intervene. Script analysis is reviewed and organised indicating that the script is a life plan initiated at conception and ending at death, and that it is indispensable for survival, having adequate and inadequate segments that may limit lifespan and quality of life. Occurrences, neurophysiological factors, and memories involved in their development and implementation are also identified. Suggestions and examples for the integrated development of intervention strategies and tactics to adjust behaviours and fulfil contracts are presented in the corresponding section.

Effect of Domestic Violence on Adult Ego State

본 연구는 가정폭력경험이 성인의 자아상태에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 그리고 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 연구 분석하는데 그 목적을 두었다. D시 성인을 대상으로 가정폭력겅험의 유무를 확인 후 가정폭력경험이 있는 성인 20대에서 40대까지를 대상으로 남자 382명, 여성 450명, 20대 312명, 30대 264명, 40대 44명이 참여하였다. 본 연구의 자료 처리는 SPSS 22.0을 사용하였다. 가정폭력의 경험이 성인의 자아상태에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 기초설문을 통해 빈도분석과, T-검증을 실시하였으며, 가정폭력과 자아상태의 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 가정폭력경험에 관한 남녀의 차이를 살펴보았을 때, 가정폭력경험의 하위 요인인 아동학대 폭력 유형에서 정서학대, 경미한 신체 학대에서 유의미 있는 차이를 보여 여자가 남자보다 정서학대와 경미한 신체 학대 경험이 많은 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 부모 간 폭력 유형에서도 정서폭력 목격, 경미한 신체 폭력 목격에서 유의미한 차이를 보여 여자가 남자보다 정서폭력과 경미한 신체폭력 목격 경험이 많은 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 가정폭력경험과 성인의 자아상태(에고그램)의 관계를 살펴보기 위해 상관관계를 살펴보았을 때, 가정폭력경험은 에고그램 자아상태(&#57590;=.45, &#57588; <.01)와 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다중회귀분석을 통하여서는 아동학대의 경험이 자아상태의 하위요인은 성인(A) 자아상태에만 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부모 간 폭력 목격 경험에는 자애로운부모(NP) 자아상태에만 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The Analysis Of Central Character’s Ego-State In The Novel “The Pilgrimage”

This research was aimed to find out the central character’s ego-state in the novel “The Pilgrimage”. It focused on analyzing the central character’s ego-state in the novel “The Pilgrimage”. The method of this research was descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques that used are documentation, reading, re-read identification, note taking and classification. Data analysis techniques was used three step namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. This research was analyzed by using psychology approaches of Eric Berne Transactional Analysis, especially concerning in Parent, Adult and Child system. The total of parent ego state found six, total of Adult ego state found nine, and total of child ego state found five.

The Analysis Of Central Character’s Ego-State In The Novel “The Pilgrimage”

This research was aimed to find out the central character’s ego-state in the novel “The Pilgrimage”. It focused on analyzing the central character’s ego-state in the novel “The Pilgrimage”. The method of this research was descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques that used are documentation, reading, re-read identification, note taking and classification. Data analysis techniques was used three step namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. This research was analyzed by using psychology approaches of Eric Berne Transactional Analysis, especially concerning in Parent, Adult and Child system. The total of parent ego state found six, total of Adult ego state found nine, and total of child ego state found five.

The Apple and the Core: Reflections on Ego and Self in the Cure Process

This article explores a particular aspect of cure: the mutual influence of the elaboration of the ego and the self. Starting with Berne’s assertion that as therapists we should always aim to cure our patients or clients, the author shares some reflections on the relationship between the Adult ego state and the Child ego state and their functional interconnections in therapy. She proposes that curing self-states (working through) can simultaneously orient cure at the level of the Adult ego state (working out). A clinical case illustrates the proposed methodology and some factors promoting cure.

Transactional Analysis and Multiple Intelligences – A Proposed Diagnosis and Intervention

The diagnosis of ego states in action is the first step taken by a transactional analyst in order to develop an intervention plan. Multiple Intelligences theory can help with this by enabling recognition of the abilities and competencies that the client has already, and how the Adult ego state may then become decontaminated and energised. The present study discusses the relationships between the concepts of ego states and multiple intelligences and how this can help with facilitating diagnosis and clinical intervention.

Examining the Scientist – Practitioner Divide in Psychology

Using transactional analysis models of ego states (Berne 1961, 1964), the author proposes a typology of scientists and diagrams twelve types based on integrated ego states, contaminated Adult, and single ego state with dual exclusion. The typology is presented as the latest in what could be called the psychology of science, whose exemplars include Thomas Kuhn (1962/2012) and Abraham Maslow (1969). Psychology of science is differentiated from philosophy and theory of science, and existing research into the personality of scientists is explored. Of major importance is the apparent divide between scientist and practitioner in clinical and counselling psychologies. &#x0D; Based on Feyerabend’s (1970) infamous quip about science that “anything goes”, the author shows how using a proposed transactional analysis of scientist types, Feyerabend’s comment can be understood three ways—Parent: “Scientists shouldn’t be so serious”; Adult: “It seems that anything goes”; and Child: “No rules!” It is only in their integration (P – A – C) that Feyerabend’s meaning can be understood. So, too, for the psychological practitioner, whose practice cannot be divorced from its scientific foundations. The author concludes by using the proposed typology to suggest how the same typology applied to practitioners may explain their responses to research.

A Research Study into the impact on Emotional Stability of a Transactional Analysis Training Programme intended to develop increased levels of Adult Ego State in Adolescents in Syria

A research study is described into the impact on Adult ego state and emotional stability of 36 adolescent students (with 36 in a control group) of a training programme based on transactional analysis concepts run in a school in Damascus. An experimental battery of instruments comprised existing and new instruments including an Ego-State Wheel, an Ego State Problem-Solving Scale, an Ego State Measure, the Emotional Stability Brief Measure, and the Geneva Emotion Wheel. Results showed differences in Adult and Free Child ego states and emotional stability, and some differences between boys and girls on Nurturing Parent and Adapted Child ego states.

Transactional Analysis and Spirituality

In the Indian philosophical system Vedanta, the composite human being is described in terms of five concentric sheaths surrounding an inner core - the Pancha Kosha (Five Sheaths) model. This model has implications for the discipline of Transactional Analysis insofar as it sheds light on the working of the Adult Ego State and also suggests the process by which autonomy can be achieved. Other concepts of Vedanta relevant to TA are discussed and elaborated, and a Vedantic Ego States Model presented incorporating them into the Classical TA model. The natural longing for intimacy and the growth force of physis are represented in terms of insights from Vedanta. The practice implications of the model are discussed, and also how it can help for personal growth and eventually spiritual progress.

VERONIKA`S PERSONALITY DETERMINANT AND EGO-STATE IN VERONIKA DECIDE TO DIE IN PAULO COELHO

This research is aimed to revel the personality determinant and Veronika`s ego-state. The theory that applied in this research is personality determinant by Elizabeth Hurlock and transactional analysis proposed by Eric Berne. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method. The condition that Veronika experiences is that her mother in determining her future pressures Veronika`s life. Everything that she wants to do, it must be controlled by her mother. Finally, she feels tired living with that condition therefore she prefers to end up her life through suicide. Unlikely, she is failure in doing it. It is found out aspiration and achievement, education, social, emotion, family, sex, physical, and intellectual factor determinant her personality. However, her personality is dominant by family factor. Her view in relationship toward a life and death are she feels happy living when she was to child. However, she feels empty when she is adult women and has everything. She gets bored with her routine activity such as go for working in the morning and gets back in the afternoon. She has not any purpose of life anymore. Since living the mental hospital, her life rise back. She understands the meaning of life through motivation from her friends and love from young man. There are three aspects of her ego-state within her such as parents, adult, and child aspects. However, the adult ego state determinates from them all.

Students and preschool teachers in a play with children: Playfulness approached through the Ego States / Studenti i odgajatelji u igri s djecom: pristup igri posredstvom teorije stanja ega

This paper presents the results of the research which approached playfulness through the concepts of Transactional Analysis. The aim of the survey (n1=61 students, n2=50 preschool teachers) was to determine the incidence of Ego States (the Child, the Adult, the Parent) during play with children. Although both teachers and students often use all three Ego States, the results show a statistically significant expression of the Adult Ego State of teachers, and a lack of expression of the Child Ego State of the students. Regression analysis indicates that the Adult Ego State predicts the participation of teachers and students in the play (β=-. 245; t=-2.64; p=.009), and t-test indicates the statistical significance of difference between means of the Adult and the Child in favour of teachers (Adult: t=2.718; p=.008; d=.5, Child: t=2.167; p=.0032; d=.42). During play, the Adult is regarded as the most productive basis for developing playfulness. The importance of shaping professional development towards developing knowledge and analytical experiences in the context (the Adult), and achieving spontaneity, and emotions during play (the Free Child) is underlined. Key words: early childhood education; ego states; playing competences; transactional analysis. This paper presents the results of the research which approached playfulness through the concepts of Transactional Analysis. The aim of the survey (n1=61 students, n2=50 preschool teachers) was to determine the incidence of Ego States (the Child, the Adult, the Parent) during play with children. Although both teachers and students often use all three Ego States, the results show a statistically significant expression of the Adult Ego State of teachers, and a lack of expression of the Child Ego State of the students. Regression analysis indicates that the Adult Ego State predicts the participation of teachers and students in the play (β=-. 245; t=-2.64; p=.009), and t-test indicates the statistical significance of difference between means of the Adult and the Child in favour of teachers (Adult: t=2.718; p=.008; d=.5, Child: t=2.167; p=.0032; d=.42). During play, the Adult is regarded as the most productive basis for developing playfulness. The importance of shaping professional development towards developing knowledge and analytical experiences in the context (the Adult), and achieving spontaneity, and emotions during play (the Free Child) is underlined. Key words: early childhood education; ego states; playing competences; transactional analysis.

Hidden in Plain Sight: Spirituality in Transactional Analysis

The author contends that transactional analysis is supported by a natural spirituality but that this is, for the most part, hidden. Drawing on the relational neuroscience of Damasio and Schore as well as Winnicott’s concept of transitional phenomena, aspects of relational transactional analysis are analyzed along with the roles of physis, the Adult ego state, and Berne’s concept of the Moving Self. Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra is held up as a mirror to these to help bring the underlying spiritual nature of TA into view. Clinical implications are briefly discussed, including transcending the purely intellectual approach and what it means to establish mastery in practice.

New technologies in education – challenges for teachers in the perspective of transactional analysis

The transactional analysis concept assumes that everybody has specific areas of themselves: Parent ego-state, Adult ego-state and Child ego-state. In this approach, Parent and Child have two separate, in a sense, opposing aspects. In the case of the first one, it is a Controlling Parent and a Nurturing Parent, and in the case of Child – a Free Child and an Adapted Child. Entering into a relationship with another human being, we do it from the particular level of ourselves. In a traditional Polish school – already at the early education stage – relations between the teacher and the child usually take place between Controlling Parent and Adapted Child. On the other hand, the use of new technologies in education forces, in effect, the system to change to Adult–Adult with simultaneous involvement of a Free Child of both parties. The article concerns the analysis the difficulties resulting from the change of the said system (especially on the part of teachers) and the search for the reasons of this situation.

The Mirror Exercise and the Restructuring of the Parent-Child Relational Unit

This article presents the mirror exercise as a method of updating, restructuring, and enlivening Parent-Child relational units. The exercise method is presented with a commentary and case illustration. The author puts the process in the context of Parent ego state introjection theory and treatment and the self-reparenting work of Muriel James as well as integrating Adult ego state theory. She emphasizes the importance of relationship as a therapeutic method, not specifically between the therapist and the client but as an intrapsychic experience of internal relating. The role and significance of the observing self or metaperspective in monitoring the experience and enabling Adult integration are also explored.

Transactional Analysis and the Ludic Third (TALT): A Model of Functionally Fluent Reflective Play Practice

This article presents a new theoretical model of the play interaction between children and playworkers: transactional analysis and the ludic third (TALT). The importance of reflective professional practice as a key aspect of the TALT model is emphasized. The transactional analysis concepts of the integrating Adult ego state and functional fluency are presented to show how they are put to use both in reflective practice and for underpinning the vital concept of the witness position aspect of the play process. The values of knowledgeable, sensitive, and above all active responsiveness from the witness position are explained with short case studies. This active role is discussed with regard to the concepts of potential space and the ludic third. The authors suggest that TALT has implications for all professionals who work with children in a play context. They also consider the potential for children to develop reflective skills as they play.