Methylene Blue Adsorption Performance Research Articles

Zeolite Waste Characterization and Use as Low-Cost, Ecofriendly, and Sustainable Material for Malachite Green and Methylene Blue Dyes Removal: Box–Behnken Design, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

This study investigated the potential of 4A zeolite, named4AZW in this work, generated by natural gas dehydration units as solid waste after several treatment cycles, as a low-cost adsorbent to separately remove two cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG), from an aqueous solution within a batch process. The adsorbent material was characterized by N2gas adsorption–desorption, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, and the determination of its cation exchange capacity and point of zero charge. The influence of key operating parameters, such as the pH, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature, was investigated. Three independent variables acting on MB adsorption performance were selected from the Box–Behnken design (BBD) and for process modeling and optimization. An analysis of variance (ANOVA), an F-test, and p-values were used to analyze the main and interaction effects. The experimental data were satisfyingly fitted with quadratic regression with adjusted R2= 0.9961. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the adsorption of the dyes on 4AZW. The equilibrium data were well-fitted by the Langmuir model for each adsorption system (MB-4AZW and MG-4AZW) with maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) values of 9.95 and 45.64 mg/g, respectively, at 25 °C. Thermodynamics studies showed that both adsorption systems are spontaneous and endothermic.

PH graded lignin obtained from the by-product of extraction xylan as an adsorbent

As an important agricultural residue, corn stalks have been continuously used in various industries. In this work, lignin, the by-product of xylan extraction from corn stalks, was used as a useful adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. Lignins were precipitated from the hydrolysates of pH 3 (LG3) and 5 (LG5), hoping to explore the difference in adsorption performance between the two. Detailed discussions were performed to provide a firm evaluation of adsorption models followed by batch experiments to analyze the methylene blue adsorption performance. Results showed that the lignin obtained at pH 5 had a better adsorption capacity compared with pH 3, which was mainly caused by the difference in specific surface area. When the optimal adsorption conditions (pH: 10; temperature: 35 °C; adsorption time: 90 min) were achieved, the maximum adsorption capacity of LG5 can reach 134.3 mg/g, which was much higher than those of most unmodified lignins extracted from other biomass energy sources. Regarding the adsorption behavior, the adsorption data were fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the isotherm adsorption equilibrium followed the Langmuir model. Overall, these results indicate that lignin, the by-product of xylan extraction, offers a great potential for removing methylene blue from wastewater.

Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Using Biowaste Materials: Barley Bran and Enset Midrib Leaf

In this study, several biowaste materials are screened for adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic water. Among the tested adsorbents, barley (Hordeum vulgare) bran (BB) and enset (Ensete ventricosum midrib leaf, EVML) were selected for further evaluation of MB (a model cationic dye) adsorption. Batch MB adsorption performance of BB and EVML adsorbents was significantly high in a wide pH range (4-9). The well fitting of experimental data with pseudosecond-order kinetic model suggests a monolayer adsorption of MB. The MB adsorption onto both adsorbents was fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum MB adsorption capacities of 63.2 mg/g (BB) and 35.5 mg/g (EVML). The biowaste materials exhibit considerable adsorption capacity for cationic dye (MB), perform well under acidic and basic conditions, and are reusable. Therefore, the use of these materials as adsorbents may have an environmental benefit in terms of the conversion of wastes into valuable materials. Further studies are suggested to investigate the performance of these adsorbents in a continuous mode using real wastewater.

High-pressure carbon dioxide-hydrothermal enhance yield and methylene blue adsorption performance of banana pseudo-stem activated carbon

In order to reduce environmental risks and fungus disease spread of banana waste, the high-pressure CO2-hydrothermal treatment was developed to produce hydrochar as a precursor of activated carbon from banana pseudo-stem(BP). SEM, BET, XRD, Raman and FTIR was used to investigate the influence mechanism of the high-pressure CO2-hydrothermal pretreatment on the yield and methylene blue(MB) adsorption capacities of the activated carbon. The results show that although the adsorption capacities of BP after high-pressure CO2-hydrothermal pretreatment(BPx) is decrease due to decrease of oxygen-containing functional group and flatter spatial structure, that of BPx after KOH activation(BPx-A) significantly increase and is higher than that of BP by direct KOH activation(BP-A). Because BP-A presents honeycomb porous microstructures and has a higher mesoporous structure(138–472 m2/g), plentiful active sites and rich the abundant influential adsorption group of MB adsorption. In addition, compared to BP-A(0.68%), the total yield of BPx-A(2.42–9.11%) is 356–1340%.

Facile synthesis of PPy@MoS2 hollow microtubes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes in water treatment

Hierarchical [email protected]2 microtubes were obtained using easy operation steps of a hydrothermal process, in-situ polymerization method and sulfidation course. These were regarded as a good adsorption material to adsorb methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) dyes in aqueous solution. The synthetic composite displayed huge specific surface areas and excellent adsorption performance for MB (127.0 mg·g−1) and CR (598.7 mg·g−1) because of the 1D hierarchical hollow structure and the synergistic effect between the MoS2 nanoflakes and PPy coating. Adsorption performance of [email protected]2 fits well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic pattern for both MB and CR and conforms to Langmuir model for MB and Freundlich model for CR. Moreover, their excellent adsorption performance makes the [email protected]2 composites ideal for the adsorption of organic dyes.

A novel alkali activated magnesium silicate as an effective and mechanically strong adsorbent for methylene blue removal

A novel, cheap, and easy-to-synthesize sepiolite-based alkali-activated material (Sep-AAM), synthesized by the reaction of a magnesium silicate source, sepiolite, with sodium silicate solution, demonstrating high mechanical strength and methylene blue (MB) removal performance is introduced. Kinetics data indicated that MB adsorption occurs through pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model, while the Langmuir isotherm model provided a better fit to adsorption isotherms. The Sep-AAM provided a removal capacity of 99.92 mg g−1 at 50 °C, setting a new benchmark value among the materials used for this purpose. Thermodynamical parameters indicated that the adsorption of MB onto Sep-AAM was endothermic and the interaction between Sep-AAM and MB included weak chemical bonding. Regenerability of the Sep-AAM in powder and monolith forms was confirmed up to four-cycles. Structural parameters determined by several characterization tools demonstrated that the surface hydroxyl groups are responsible for the superior MB adsorption performance. The mechanical strength measurements showed that Sep-AAM in monolith form displayed a remarkable compressive strength value of 40 MPa. To establish a new approach forward on the development of AAMs for wastewater treatment, this study shows that sepiolite can effectively be utilized and Sep-AAM provides a sustainable solution for dye removal with advanced mechanical properties.

Honeycomb-like activated carbon with microporous nanosheets structure prepared from waste biomass cork for highly efficient dye wastewater treatment

Cork, a porous biomass material, is consist of thin-walled hollow prismatic cells arranged into a compact and orderly honeycomb-like structure and could be applied as an adsorption material. Here, cork-activated carbons (CACs) with a fluffy honeycomb-like structure were synthesized by two-step pyrolysis with solid KOH chemical activation to rapidly and efficiently adsorb methylene blue (MB) (maximum wavelength: 664 nm). The structure, morphology and surface functional groups of the CACs were characterized using BET, SEM, and FTIR analysis. The results show that the CACs have a well-developed hierarchical porous structure and an ultra-high specific surface area of 2864.9 m2/g, which would facilitate the efficient diffusion and adsorption of MB molecules onto CACs. MB adsorption performance results show that the CACs have an outstanding maximum MB adsorption capacity (1103.68 mg/g) and fast adsorption kinetics (800 mg/L, 99.8% in 10 min), indicating that CACs possess significant advantages compared with most other adsorbents previously reported. The adsorption mechanism was studied by various kinetic models, isothermal models and thermodynamic models. Langmuir model is the most adapted to describe the adsorption process, indicating that the MB molecules are uniformly adsorbed on CAC’s surface in a single layer. Moreover, MB adsorption by the CACs was an endothermic, spontaneous and randomly increasing adsorption. The regeneration test showed that the uptake of MB onto CACs can still reached 580 mg/g after three adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating the excellent reusability of CACs. The continuous adsorption performance of MB onto CACs was evaluated by a packed column test, which further confirmed its potential as an adsorbent for dye wastewater purification.

Difference in performance and mechanism for methylene blue when TiO2 nanoparticles are converted to nanotubes

There are few reports on the diversification in adsorption and photo-catalysis caused by morphological changes. In this study, TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) were synthesized by alkaline hydro-thermal method using commercial TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as raw materials. When TiO2 nanoparticles are converted to nanotubes, the difference in adsorption and photocatalytic performance was analyzed using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant. The results showed that TiO2 NPs exhibited low adsorption capacity and greater photocatalytic activity for MB. In contrast, TiO2 NTs showed dual functions of adsorption and photo-catalysis. It exhibited better adsorption performance for MB and the maximum uptake was 102.41 mg/g. However, the photo-catalytic activity changed because the hydro-thermal method altered the crystal structure and increased the gap energy of TiO2 NTs, which led to the partial reduction of photo-catalytic activity compared to TiO2 NPs. The dominating free radicals were ·OH, followed by ·O2− in the process of MB photodegradation by TiO2 NPs while ·OH and ·O2− were main radicals in the process of MB photodegradation by TiO2 NTs. Moreover, 99% MB was degraded in 24 min via adsorption and photo-catalysis synergy under the following optimal conditions: TiO2 NTs dose = 6 mg, pH = 9, and light intensity = 19 A. Compared with other photo-catalysts reported, TiO2 NTs exhibited a superior performance through adsorption and photo-catalysis synergy with advantages of faster degradation, less catalyst dose and high efficiency. This work hopes to provide reference for the design and synthesis of materials with dual functions of adsorption and photo-catalysis.

Versatile 3D reduced graphene oxide/poly(amino-phosphonic acid) aerogel derived from waste acrylic fibers as an efficient adsorbent for water purification.

The fabrication of multifunctional materials to remove soluble heavy metal ions and dyes, as well as insoluble oils from waste water is urgently required, yet remains a daunting challenge because of difficulty in controlling their structure and property to satisfy various demands. Herein, for the first time, novel 3D reduced graphene oxide/poly(amino-phosphonic acid) (PAPA) aerogels (rGO/PAPAs) with different PAPA content were developed by solvothermal reduction of the graphene oxide and cross-linking with PAPA chain, and subsequently employed as versatile adsorbent for the removal of complex pollutants such as Cr(III) ion, methylene blue (MB) dye and various kinds of organic solvents from water. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheet and PAPA component, as well as its unique 3D structure, the resultant aerogel (rGO/PAPA-2) gained amphiphilic, ultralight, and multifunctional properties. Thus, it showed a fast adsorption rate (within 15min) and high adsorption capacity (up to 327.1mg/g) for Cr(III) ion at an optimal pH of 5.5 due to its unique 3D network structure with abundant amino-phosphonic acid functional groups. The uptake of Cr(III) by rGO/PAPA-2 was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption mechanism of Cr(III) onto rGO/PAPA-2 can be attributed to electrostatic attraction and surface complexation with APA groups. In addition, the rGO/PAPA-2 displayed an excellent adsorption performance for MB (694.5mg/g) and several organic solvents (83.2 to 254.3g/g). Moreover, the rGO/PAPA-2 exhibited a good regeneration (around 99%) and satisfactory recovery abilities for the tested adsorbates. Notably, PAPA chains can be easily prepared from waste acrylic fibers, making it become a cost effective but versatile candidate to prepare new material. Therefore, this work provides a new design strategy to fabricate the rGO/PAPA-2 aerogel with great prospect for sophisticated industrial wastewater cleanup.

Synthesis of highly water-dispersible adsorbent derived from alkali-modified hyper-cross-linked polymer for efficient removal of various organic contaminants and ammonia

A novel highly water-dispersible polymer-based adsorbent (HCP-BPA-Na) wassynthesized by using bisphenol A (BPA) containing polar functional group as raw material via cross-linking reaction, and subsequently treated with alkali solution. Owing to its abundant oxygen groups, HCP-BPA-Na displays large uptake capacity 645.16 and 268.09 mg g−1, and fast adsorption rates 5.92 × 10-3 and 9.90 × 10-3 g mg−1 min−1for methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline (TC), respectively. Besides, it's NH3 uptake capacity can reach 7.2 mmol g-1 at 298 K and1 bar. The removal mechanism for MB and TC was primarily caused by electrostatic attraction and ion exchange, and for the uptake of NH3 was mainly attributed to the high affinity between the basic NH3 molecule and acidic sites of the HCP-BPA-Na. Additionally, HCP-BPA-Na possesses the higher adsorption performance for MB and TC in real wastewater because of the promotion effect of dissolved organic matter and exhibited excellent adsorption ability towards MB and MO due to the synergistic enhanced effects of multi-mechanisms in binary (MB/MO) dye solutions. This study introduces a green and simple strategy for designing an oxygen-rich functional adsorbent with versatile adsorption properties, high efficiency and fast rate, which can be applied as a promising sorbent to eliminate water-soluble contaminants from the real wastewater and ammonia in the air.

A Double cross-linked strategy to construct graphene aerogels with highly efficient methylene blue adsorption performance

A novel lysine and EDA double cross-linked graphene aerogel (LEGA) was constructed. The prepared LEGA was utilized as a methylene blue (MB) adsorbent in the wastewater treatment. It exhibits a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure benefiting dye adsorption. Its compression property is highly enhanced with the addition of lysine. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics of MB onto LEGA were discussed. Their results show that MB adsorption onto LEGA was fitted to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. LEGA has an excellent adsorption capacity towards MB as high as 332.23 mg/g and its MB adsorption process is proved to be an exothermic process. The mechanism for MB adsorption onto LEGA was proposed as the ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking interaction and hydrogen bonding. Thus, LEGA is confirmed to be a sustainable and green MB adsorbent with highly removal efficiency in the treatment of wastewater.

Green synthesis of loofah fiber-based adsorbents with high adsorption performance for methylene blue

Agricultural waste is readily available in large quantities, and show great potential for preparation of adsorption materials. In this work, we report a green method to synthesize an effective loofah fiber-based adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) with fast adsorption rate. Loofah fiber-graft-polyacrylic acid (LF-g-PAA) composite is synthesized by using hydroxyl radicals (OH) produced on the surface of LF by improved Fenton’s reagent (LF-loaded Fe2+/H2O2) to initiate surface grafting polymerization at room temperature. The proposed green synthesized adsorbent (LF-g-PAA) exhibits few self-polymer as compared to that conventional synthetic adsorbents (Fenton’s reagent and ceric ions initiator synthesis) for adsorptive applications. The removal efficiency of MB can reach about 67% within the first 3 min and the maximum removal efficiency can reach 99%.

In Situ Growth of Ca2+-Based Metal-Organic Framework on CaSiO3/ABS/TPU 3D Skeleton for Methylene Blue Removal.

The work reports a novel strategy for combining polymers and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into composites for adsorption applications. Calcium silicate (CaSiO3) was introduced into acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/thermoplastic polyurethane (ABS/TPU) alloy, and the CaSiO3/ABS/TPU skeleton was fabricated by 3D printing technology. The Ca-MOF was directly loaded on the surface of acetone-etched 3D skeleton by in-situ growth method. The obtained 3D skeleton was characterized and the performance of methylene blue (MB) adsorption was determined. It is clear that Ca-MOF is successfully loaded on the surface of 3D skeleton due to the presence of CaSiO3. The MB adsorption ratios of the solutions with initial concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/L at the equilibrium time (5 h) are 88%, 88% and 80%, respectively, revealing good MB adsorption performance of the 3D skeleton. The MB adsorption ratio remains 70% at six runs of adsorption–desorption experiment, indicating the excellent recovering property of the skeleton. The results show that the prepared CaSiO3/ABS/TPU 3D skeleton is a candidate adsorbent for printing and dyeing effluent treatment.

Preparation of a Fe3O4@C magnetic materials with high adsorption capacity of methylene blue

With sugarcane bagasse as the carrier and iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) as the iron source, Fe3O4@C materials were prepared in this study. Then the adsorption properties of the prepared adsorbents were characterized by XRD, SEM and VSM analysis. The effects of adsorption time, initial pH value and initial methylene blue concentration on methylene blue adsorption performance were studied and the adsorption mechanism was discussed. The Fe3O4@C materials synergistically exerted the good adsorption capacity and magnetic properties. The adsorption process of methylene blue on Fe3O4@C adsorbent was in accordance with Freundlich isothermal equation and quasi-second-order kinetic model. The saturated adsorption capacity in the experiment of Fe3O4@C material was 270.51 mg/g. The adsorption capacity was high in both acidic and alkaline environments, especially the alkaline environment.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel modified with tannic acid as methylene blue adsorbent

AbstractThis work developed an effective way to improve the methylene blue (MB) adsorption performance of cellulose‐based hydrogel by modified with tannic acid (TA). HEC‐co‐p(AA‐AM)/TA hydrogel was synthesized by grafting of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), followed by modified with TA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy manifested that AA and AM were successfully grafted onto the hydrogel, and TA was immobilized in the hydrogel. Field emission scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the hydrogel after TA modification had a homogeneous pore structure. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface areas, total pore volume, and average pore diameters of the hydrogel are 11.821 m2g−1, 0.0641 cm3g−1, and 2.538 nm, respectively. The high swelling ratio (1179.2 g g−1in deionized water) was in favor of the MB adsorption. The results of the adsorption experiments illustrated that HEC‐co‐p(AA/AM) hydrogel had excellent MB adsorption performance. As the pH increases, the electrostatic attraction is enhanced, and the adsorption capacity is improved. The adsorption process was more fit with pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, and the maximum adsorption capacity (3438.27 mg g−1) was determined by Langmuir model. Thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy reduction. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that MB molecules were reacted with the oxygen atoms in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups by ion‐exchange. High reusability demonstrated that the hydrogel could be a potential candidate for removal cationic dye from industrial effluents.

Extremely efficient and rapidly adsorb methylene blue using porous adsorbent prepared from waste paper: Kinetics and equilibrium studies

For the first time, zinc chloride activation method was used to prepare waste paper-based activated carbon in this study. The structure, morphology, surface functional groups and particle size distribution of the activated carbon was study using automatic specific surface area analyzer, FTIR, Boehm titration, X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDS. The specific surface area of the activated carbon is up to 1987 m2/g. Cumulative pore volume is up to 2.586 cm3/g, with micropore volume accounting for 92 %. Methylene blue adsorption performance results shown that the adsorbent has achieved high removal efficiency (99.65 % in 10 min, uptake = 996.5 mg/g), its maximum adsorption capacity has reached 1657 mg/g. The pHpzc of the adsorbent was determined to explore the adsorption mechanism, its results shown that electrostatic adsorption occurs between adsorbents and adsorbents at pH higher than pHpzc (pHpzc = 3.2). Moreover, adsorption mechanism was studied by various isothermal models, thermodynamic models, kinetic models. Redlich-Peterson isotherm model best describes the adsorption experiment, which indicated that the adsorption follows a non-ideal and mixed adsorption mechanism. Methylene blue molecules gone into micropore was the adsorption rate-limiting step, and MB adsorption by the waste paper-based adsorbent was a spontaneous, endothermic and randomly increasing adsorption. Simulated wastewater and regeneration experiments were also used to evaluate the adsorbent’s treatment capacity and economic efficiency, and these results indicated that the adsorbent has good decolorization and regeneration ability.

Super and selective adsorption of cationic dyes using carboxylate-modified lignosulfonate by environmentally friendly solvent-free esterification

Herein, following the strategy of sustainable, environment protection, circular economy development, carboxylate-modification lignosulfonate polymer (M-LSP) was synthesized from lignosulfonate by solvent-free esterifying with maleic anhydride (MA) by one step, and was used to remove the dyes by adsorption. FT-IR and XPS were used to confirm successful preparation of M-LSP. The result is that: M-LSP is apt to adsorb cationic dye. In single system, the super adsorption performance of M-LSP for methylene blue (MB) is depended on the carboxyl content in M-LSP. M-LSP performs its remarkable adsorption performance for MB stably at pH 7.0 ~ 10.0, and the maximum adsorption capacity of M-LSP for MB is up to 613.5 mg/g according to Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models are more suitable to descript adsorption process of M-LSP for MB. In binary and ternary system, the M-LSP adsorbs the cationic dyes simultaneously, but selectively adsorbs MB. M-LSP can effectively remove cationic dyes in simulate dyestuff water. Moreover, the removal percentage of regenerated M-LSP decreases only 8.4% after 4 desorption-resorption cycles. The results indicated that M-LSP could be a candidate for remediation of real printing and dyeing or textile wastewater containing cationic dyes.

Preparation of anionic functional microspheres and study on their adsorption properties for methylene blue

Organic contaminants have a destructive influence on the environment. Dye is a kind of serious organic pollutant. The aim of this project was to explore the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) to purify wastewater. Cross-linked polyacrylamide (CPAM) microspheres were acted as the base material, ammonium persulfate (Aps) as the initiator, sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) as anionic functional monomer, graft-polymerization functional microspheres (CPAM-g-PSSS) were prepared. The chemical structures and physicochemical properties of functional microspheres were characterized by FT-IR, zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On this basis, the adsorption performance and mechanism functional microspheres CPAM-g-PSSS for MB by CPAM-g-PSSS were explored and analyzed. The experimental results show that the redox system with ammonium persulfate as the initiator could effectively initiate graft-polymerization of SSS onto CPAM microspheres. Under suitable conditions, functional microspheres with graft degree of 12.36 g/100 g can be prepared. The functional microspheres had good adsorption performance for MB at alkaline conditions, and the adsorption capacity can reach 55 mg/g.

Hydrothermal synthesis and methylene blue adsorption performance of novel 3D hierarchical Li2Si2O5 hydrate particles

Li2Si2O5 are generally obtained in form of granules with unavoidable impurities including Li2SiO3 and SiO2. Here, we demonstrated a facile hydrothermal route to synthesize novel 3D hierarchical Li2Si2O5 hydrate hollow flower-like microstructures assembled by rod subunits with high purity. The crystal growth was accomplished by complete transformation from poorly crystallized metastable phases formed in the initial stage including Li2SiO3, SiO2 and various Li2Si2O5 hydrate species to Li2Si2O5 hydrate rods. The transformation over many times gave a sustainable high chemical potential to direct the anisotropic growth of Li2Si2O5 hydrate rods with large aspect ratios. Besides, the variation of Li/Si molar ratios confirmed that Li2Si2O5 hydrate rods were obtained only at Li/Si = 1. The perfection and aspect ratio of the rods could be controlled very well by adjusting the hydrothermal temperatures and precursor concentrations. Some new points about obtaining pure phase and anisotropic morphology were discussed, including careful selection of precursors and synthetic method. The obtained novel 3D Li2Si2O5 hydrate structures exhibited a characteristic of mesoporous material and had an excellent adsorption capability of methylene blue with high adsorption amount of 49.42 mg·g−1 and color removal of 98.85%, indicating the potential use in wastewater treatment.

Adsorption of methylene blue onto porous carbon materials prepared from Na2EDTA

A simple self-activation preparation procedure and excellent adsorption performance for methylene blue.