Adsorption Capability Research Articles

Construction of a waste-derived graphite electrode integrated IL/Ni-MOF flowers/Co3O4 NDs for specific enrichment and signal amplification to detect aspartame

A novel and cost-efficient electrochemical sensor was designed by immobilizing IL/Ni-MOF/Co3O4 nanodiamonds on the graphite (GE) electrode, marking the first application for the detection of aspartame. The graphite electrode was extracted and recycled from discharged batteries to serve as a working electrode. The nanocomposite features unique Co3O4 nanodiamonds, generated using Coriandrum sativum seed extract, alongside Ni-metal organic framework (MOF), which were synthesized through a solvothermal method. The conductivity and stability of the electrochemical sensor were enhanced through the incorporation of the ionic liquid (IL) ([BMIM][MeSO4]. The phytochemical profile of Coriandrum sativum seed extract, analyzed by GC-MS, identified key compounds involved in the synthesis of Co3O4 nanodiamonds. A comprehensive characterization of the nanocomposite was performed using UV-Vis, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TEM, optical profilometry, and AFM to confirm the structural and elemental modifications. Electrochemical characterization of the bare and modified electrodes was conducted through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The GE/IL/Ni-MOF/Co3O4 nanodiamonds modified electrode displayed enhanced electroanalytical performance for aspartame detection, characterized by signal amplification at +7.0V. Quantitative analysis by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) revealed a linear detection range of 3-15µM for aspartame. A comparison of SWV and DPV revealed superior analytical performance for SWV, with limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 1.02µM and 3.1µM (R2 = 0.993) compared to 1.81µM and 5.5µM (R2 = 0.986) for DPV. This study reveals the excellent adsorption capabilities of Ni-MOF and Co3O4 nanodiamonds (Co3O4 NDs), attributed to their high porosity and large surface area, paving the way for the development of affordable sensing devices for artificial sweeteners.

Adsorption and removal of herbicide paraquat from aqueous solutions via novel bimetal organic framework: Kinetics, equilibrium and statistical surface modeling

This study examines the adsorption and removal of the herbicide paraquat in relation to a bimetal organic framework known as the Terbium/Palladium Metal-Organic Framework (Tb/Pd-MOF). Analysis of N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, which were used to assess the properties of the Tb/Pd-MOF, revealed that the absorption of paraquat on Tb/Pd-MOF resulted in a reduction in pore volume, pore size, and surface area. Specifically, the pore volume decreased from 8.25 to 5.68 cm3/g, the pore size decreased from 11.34 nm to 8.92 nm, and the surface area decreased from 1456.61 to 1262.82 m2/g. The pore radius also decreased from 0.96 nm to 0.58 nm. Tb/Pd-MOF’s functional groups were identified through FT-IR, and the structure of the compound was confirmed using XPS. Various adsorption parameters including temperature, adsorbent dosage, pH, paraquat concentration, and contact time were studied. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to understand the electrical properties, reactivity, and morphology of paraquat. Results from the DFT analysis revealed that the electrophilic and nucleophilic attack sites aligned with the molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) and MEP outcomes. The study found that Tb/Pd-MOF demonstrated a significant absorption capacity for paraquat, with adsorption data consistent with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The paraquat adsorption capability of Tb/Pd-MOF was determined to be 574.8 mg/g. Furthermore, chemisorption was identified as the primary form of adsorption, as indicated by the adsorption energy of 26.98 kJ·mol−1. The optimal conditions for achieving a high adsorption capacity were identified as pH 8 and 0.02 g of Tb/Pd-MOF. The temperature-dependent changes in the thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° indicated that the paraquat absorption onto Tb/Pd-MOF occurred spontaneously, was endothermic, and involved random processes. To optimize the absorption process, Response Surface Methodology and Box-Behnken design (RSM, BBD) were employed. These techniques enabled effective removal of paraquat from the Tb/Pd-MOF material. During chemisorption, the adsorbate and adsorbent form chemical bonds, while aromatic rings are involved in π-π bonding. Additionally, pore-filling occurs when the adsorbate fills the pores of the adsorbent, and electrostatic interactions result from the attraction or repulsion of charges between the adsorbate and adsorbent. As a means of eliminating paraquat from wastewater, Tb/Pd-MOF demonstrates significant potential due to its diverse absorption processes and high capacity for adsorption.

Moisture dependence of responses in physical–chemical property and CH4 ad-/desorption capability of coals to microwave radiation

For purpose of understanding feasibility of coalbed methane (CBM) production in practical water (H2O)-containing reservoirs by using microwave radiation, the dielectric property highly associated with microwave-absorbing and resultant temperature-rising capabilities of coals were addressed primarily; afterward, the temperature-rising rule of coals and its dependence on moisture were examined; finally, the impacts of moisture on changes about main physical–chemical property and resultant CH4 ad-/desorption performance of coals were investigated under microwave field. Results indicated that the coals display microwave-absorbing potential to raise temperature. The moisture initially increases the temperature-rising rate owing to its strong microwave-absorbing capability while decreases the final bulk temperature because of its endothermal evaporation. The resultant temperature decomposes and transforms minerals. Moreover, the temperature rise upgrades crystallite structure of the dried coals. As for the wetted coals, the rapid temperature rise disorders crystallite structure of the Sihe and Yima coals due to potential steam explosion. Furthermore, the radiation decreases the aromaticity and the total surface oxygenic groups of the dried coals; the moisture whittles down these decreasing trends. In general, the micro- and mesopore surface area and volume of the coals drops after radiation. The microwave radiation smooths pore surface of the wetted coals while roughens that of the dried coals. The complexity of the coal pore structure almost reduces after radiation. Besides, the microwave radiation significantly reduces the CH4 adsorption capability of the dried coals by 6.74–36.69%; the moisture further reduces the CH4 adsorption capability by 20.48–43.03%. Ultimately, the microwave radiation almost enhances the ad-/desorption hysteresis of CH4 on the dried coals while weakens that of the wetted coals. Such alterations depend on the responses of pore abundance and pore surface roughness to microwave. These findings confirm that microwave radiation is a promising option to produce CBM, particularly for H2O-bearing CBM reservoirs.

Synthesis of nanochitosan from crab shells: an assessment of morphology, dye adsorption capability and antibacterial characteristics as future prospects for wastewater treatment

Synthesis of nanochitosan from crab shells: an assessment of morphology, dye adsorption capability and antibacterial characteristics as future prospects for wastewater treatment

A multi-layer antimicrobial cellulose filter with electrostatic adsorption properties prepared by coating cellulose with chitosan and CuO

The health impacts of air pollution such as particulate matter (PM) and bioaerosols have prompted a focus on the utilization of personal protective filters. Traditional filters pose environmental concerns due to their non-biodegradable composition, while cellulose presents a promising alternative for biodegradable air filtration applications. This research involved the development of cellulose filter substrates with a customizable pore structure by adjusting the nanofiber content in cellulose filters and employing a simultaneous freeze-drying method. By integrating chitosan and CuO nanoparticles, the filters gained electrostatic adsorption capabilities, leading to a substantial enhancement in filtration efficiency, as well as imparting moisture resistance and durable antimicrobial properties to the filter. Subsequently, a three-layer cellulose filter integrated with chitosan and CuO (abbreviated as Int-Cs&CuO) was constructed based on the generalized Murray’s law to enable multi-stage PM filtration. The Int-Cs&CuO cellulose filter demonstrated filtration efficiencies of 99.2 % for non-oily PM0.3 and 99.5 % for oily PM0.3, with a low pressure drop of 49.5 Pa. Under humid conditions, the filtration efficiency of the Int-Cs&CuO cellulose filter against PM0.3 particles was minimally impacted, showcasing a decrease of only 1.3 %. Notably, the filter exhibited complete biodegradation in composted soil within approximately 2 months.

Examining the influence of sintering temperatures on the efficiency of 3D-printed natural zeolite for methylene blue dye adsorption

Additive manufacturing technology, with its potential for improved material efficiency, cost reduction, and capability to fabricate complex structures, is increasingly being leveraged in environmental engineering applications. This study harnesses this technology for fabricating natural zeolite adsorbents using an extrusion-based 3D printer, examining the influence of different sintering temperatures (300, 600, 900, and 1200 °C) on the adsorbents' properties. The study finds that samples sintered at 300 °C disintegrated in water, while those at 1200 °C underwent melting, changing their shape. Focus was then shifted to samples sintered at 600 °C (3D-Ze-600) and 900 °C (3D-Ze-900), with the former displaying a remarkable methylene blue (MB) adsorption efficiency of 82.5%, significantly higher than the latter's 20.1%. This disparity in adsorption performance is closely linked to the difference in porosity; the 600 °C samples exhibited a notably higher apparent porosity, which was instrumental in their enhanced adsorption capability. In contrast, the 900 °C samples, despite their lower porosity, showed diminished adsorption efficiency. XRD analysis further revealed that the superior performance of the 600 °C samples could be attributed to their preserved crystalline structure, which was altered in the 900 °C samples. These findings highlight the critical role of sintering temperature in determining the structural and functional properties of 3D-printed zeolites, demonstrating their potential as efficient adsorbents in wastewater treatment and offering valuable insights for optimizing the fabrication process for environmental applications.

Computational Insights into Pectin and Chitosan-Enhanced MOFs: A Green Pathway for Pollutant Remediation

Water contamination with dyes and pharmaceuticals is a major threat to ecological and human well-being. This study highlights the importance of using molecular simulations in designing and predicting the performance of novel adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The research explores the potential of biodegradable polymers like Pectin (PE) and oxidized Chitosan (OCN) in functionalizing a metal-organic framework (MOF) known as UO-66 (Zr) (UO). By incorporating these functional groups, the study aims to improve the adsorption efficiency of UO towards rhodamine B (RHOB, a dye pollutant) and Losartan (LOSA, a pharmaceutical pollutant). Firstly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to inspect the structures of both pollutants and the modified adsorbents. Subsequently, the research investigated the adsorbents’ various physicochemical characteristics, including fractional free volume, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were accomplished to evaluate the adsorption behaviour of the pollutants on various UO forms (pristine, PE-functionalized, and OCN-functionalized). The study found that all adsorbents showed strong adsorption capabilities, with adsorption energies ranging from -3500 to -4500 kcal/mol for RHOB and -1500 to -2600 kcal/mol for LOSA. Moreover, The drug rejection rate of RHOB for neat is 50% but increases to 80% and 90% with the addition of PE and OCN, respectively, showing their synergistic effect. Similarly, the accumulation rate rises from 6Å (NH2/UO) to 10Å (OCN/UO) and 11Å (PE/UO). For LOSA, the drug rejection rate improves from 30% to 60%, while the accumulation rate increases from 4Å to 8Å with PE and OCN functionalization. The results demonstrated that functionalizing UO with the chosen biodegradable polymers enhanced its adsorption capacity for both pollutants compared to the pristine form. Notably, the developed adsorbent exhibited a higher affinity towards RHOB dye compared to LOSA pharmaceutical.

Harvesting low-cost gold-based catalysts from e-waste by a cationic covalent triazine organic framework for 4-nitrophenol reduction

Gold (Au)-based catalysts are commonly used for the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol, however, the high cost of Au has limited their widespread application. Therefore, developing affordable Au-based catalysts is highly desirable yet challenging. Herein, we synthesized a cationic covalent triazine framework to recover Au from e-waste, leading to the creation of cost-effective Au NPs@iCTF-TPM catalysts. Adsorption experiments demonstrate that cationic iCTF-TPM exhibits exceptional Au adsorption capabilities, with a maximum capacity of 1919 mg g−1. Notably, the iCTF-TPM selectively recovers Au from the e-waste leaching solution, achieving 99 % removal of Au within just 5 min. Moreover, the adsorbed AuCl4− can be self-reduced to form fine Au nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of Au NPs@iCTF-TPM catalysts. Remarkably, Au NPs@iCTF-TPM could convert 4-nitrophenol to 4-nitroaniline with a low activation energy of 26.15kJ mol−1 and a high rate constant of 1.73 × 10−2 s−1. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that the high catalytic activity is primarily due to the generation of active hydrogen radicals facilitated by Au NPs@iCTF-TPM. This study opens new avenues for developing low-cost Au-based catalysts from e-waste leaching solutions.

A three-dimensional nitrogen-rich conjugated microporous polymer for solid-phase microextraction of nitroaromatic compounds from environmental water and soil samples

Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), as a kind of important chemical intermediates, are widely used in industrial productions. However, NACs have carcinogenic effect and their residues may pose harm to human health. Therefore, there is necessity to set up effective analytical method to monitor them in some environmental samples. However, because of their low concentrations in real samples, they need to be enriched by an effective adsorbent before the subsequent instrumental detection. In this work, a three-dimensional nitrogen-rich conjugated microporous polymer (DCT-Try-CMP) was synthesized with 3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and triptycene as monomers via Friedel-Crafts reaction. It presented a good adsorption capability for the NACs. After optimization, a solid-phase microextraction with DCT-Try-CMP fiber combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection for the quantitation of trace NACs in environmental water and soil samples was developed. The limits of detection of the method (S/N = 3) for environmental water and soil samples were 0.08–0.30 μg L-1 and 1.00–5.00 ng g-1, and the limits of quantification (S/N = 9) were 0.27–0.90 μg L-1 and 3.00–15.0 ng g-1, respectively. The linear quantification response ranges for the analytes were 0.27–200 μg L-1 and 3.00–1000 ng g-1 for water and soil samples, respectively. For water samples at the analytes concentrations of 5.00, 50.0 and 100 μg L-1, the method recoveries ranged from 82.2% to 120% and for soil samples at the concentrations of 15.0, 200 and 400 ng g-1, the method recoveries fell in the range from 80.2% to 120%. The method provides a sensitive and effective approach for monitoring trace NACs in environmental water and soil samples.

Exploring ammonia adsorption and filtration efficiency of ceramic membranes derived from weathered basalt: Fabrication analysis and application in wastewater treatment

This study aims to develop an innovative ceramic membrane derived from naturally-occurring weathered basalt (NWB) for the effective adsorption and filtration of ammonium ions (NH+4) from wastewater. The NWB was subjected to calcination to produce CWB-750 and further combined with activated carbon to form CWB-AC-950. Comprehensive characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis revealed that CWB-AC-950 possessed a significantly high surface area of 121.7 m²/g and a minimal pore volume of 6.2 nm, indicating its enhanced adsorption capabilities. In practical filtration tests, CWB-AC-950 demonstrated a remarkable reduction in NH+4 concentration, decreasing it from an initial 30 mg/L to 15.25 mg/L. This substantial decrease underscores the membrane's efficiency in adsorbing and removing ammonium ions from contaminated water. Furthermore, the integration of activated carbon with calcined basalt not only improved the adsorption performance but also maintained the structural integrity and reusability of the membrane. These findings illustrate the potential of CWB-AC-950 as a promising and cost-effective medium for adsorption and filtration in wastewater treatment applications.The development of CWB-AC-950 contributes significantly to environmental remediation efforts by offering an efficient and low-cost alternative to conventional filtration materials. Its ability to maintain performance across multiple cycles underscores its potential for practical applications in large-scale wastewater treatment facilities, thus providing a sustainable solution to address the growing global water pollution crisis.

Efficient Defluoridation of Drinking Water using Mesoporous Magnetic Malachite Nanocomposites

The study evaluated the efficacy of magnetic mesoporous Malachite nanoparticles (NPs) in eliminating fluoride (F−) from drinking water. Screening experiments were conducted to gauge the F− adsorption capabilities of the synthesized material under different Fe3O4 loading conditions. Among the various nanomaterials examined, 0.25-Fe-M demonstrated optimal performance, exhibiting consistent Fe3O4 distribution with a crystal size of 16.66 nm with revealed irregular morphology exhibiting magnetic properties, a surface area of 13.595 m2/g and a pore size of 1.6574 nm. The optimized reaction conditions determined were: 10 minutes of contact time, a NC dose of 0.5 mg/mL, and an F− concentration of 10 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacities recorded were 6.57 mg/g for Fe3O4 NPs and 7.87 mg/g for malachite NPs. Notably, the optimal adsorption capacity for F− removal was achieved with 0.25 Fe-M-NCs, reaching 8.44 mg/g, demonstrating superior performance compared to other NCs. The interplay between surface area, pore volume, and adsorption is intricate and contingent upon the unique properties of the adsorbent and adsorbate, with specific interactions governing the adsorption process. Furthermore, this study unveiled accelerated adsorption with shorter contact time and high adsorption capacity at the working pH.

Adsorption of NH [formula omitted], HCHO and C[formula omitted]H[formula omitted] onto Y-modified MoS[formula omitted] monolayer : A DFT study

The detection of indoor hazardous gases poses significant complexity and challenges. Based on first-principles theoretical calculations, Y-adsorbed MoS2 (Y-MoS2) monolayer is selected to investigate its adsorption, magnetism and sensitivity to NH3, HCHO and C6H6 gas molecules. The presence of Y atom profoundly alters the electronic and magnetic properties of MoS2 while enhancing its gas adsorption capability. The adsorption capacity of Y-MoS2 monolayer for these indoor hazardous gases follows the order: HCHO ¿ C6H6 ¿ NH3. Notably, at temperatures around 500 K, the Y-MoS2 monolayer exhibits potential as a sensor material for NH3 based on an analysis of recovery performance in the adsorption system. Although the Y-MoS2 monolayer is not suitable for gas sensing applications with regards to HCHO and C6H6, it can be effectively employed as a gas cleansing substance. These findings provide valuable insights into detecting indoor hazardous gases and contribute to our understanding of the gas sensing mechanisms exhibited by MoS2 materials.

Pd-Adsorbing CrS2 monolayer as sensing material for detecting CO, C2H2, and C2H4 in dissolved gases: A first-principles study

This study employs density functional theory to initially examine the adsorption characteristics of Pd atom on CrS2 monolayer (termed Pd@CrS2). Subsequently, the adsorption capabilities of Pd@CrS2 monolayer for CO, C2H2, and C2H4 are simulated to assess its prospects for dissolved gas detection. Stable adsorption of Pd atoms onto the CrS2 monolayer atop Cr atoms is observed with a binding energy of −2.69 eV. Pd@CrS2 exhibits chemisorption towards CO, C2H2, and C2H4 with respective adsorption energies of −1.49, −1.13, and −1.22 eV. The band structure and density of states analysis indicate significant alterations in the electronic properties of CrS2 upon Pd adsorption and upon exposure to the gases. The bandgap of Pd@CrS2 is modified by −29.6 %, −24.7 %, and −27.1 % after CO, C2H2, and C2H4 adsorption, corresponding to highly sensitive detection responses of −99.6 %, −98.9 %, and −99.3 %. The research highlights the gas sensing capabilities of Pd@CrS2 monolayers for monitoring the operational status in dissolved gas analysis, showcasing the promising application potential of CrS2.

Two-dimensional vanadium carbide (V2C) MXene derived heterostructures for high-performance lithium storage

Li3VO4 is notable for its high theoretical capacity and favorable lithium-ion insertion potential, making it a promising candidate for lithium storage applications. However, its practical use is limited by low electronic conductivity, which results in reduced electrochemical performance and significant resistance polarization during lithium storage. Herein, we developed a Li3VO4/V2CTx heterostructure using a MXene-derived approach, where Li3VO4 is anchored onto a conductive V2CTx MXene substrate. Theoretical calculations suggest that the heterostructure exhibits enhanced lithium adsorption capabilities compared to V2CTx, indicating improved interactions with lithium ions. The synthesized Li3VO4/V2CTx heterostructure demonstrates excellent rate performance and cycling stability. Additionally, a lithium-ion capacitor utilizing this heterostructure as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode achieves impressive power density and energy density. This study underscores the potential of this heterostructure as a high-performance anode material and offers valuable insights for the design of other advanced electrode materials.

Biochar-alginate beads derived from argan nutshells for effective methylene blue removal: A sustainable approach to wastewater treatment

This study explores the use of biochar derived from Argan Nutshells as a core component in alginate beads for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The characterization of BC/Alg composite was conducted using techniques like Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and size distribution to assess its structural properties and confirm the strong interaction between both components. The adsorbent exhibited surface functional groups characteristic of both biochar and alginate, and SEM confirmed the spherical morphology of the beads. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the adsorption process by evaluating the effects of key parameters including pH, temperature, adsorbent mass, and dye concentration. The results showed that the BC/Alg effectively removed 96.4 % of MB. The pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic model best described the MB removal process (R2 = 0.9990), while the Langmuir isotherm model accurately represented the adsorption equilibrium (R2 = 0.96879). After four cycles of regeneration trials, BC/Alg retained 82 % MB removal efficiency, indicating high reusability and stability. The remarkable adsorption capability of BC/Alg showed that it may be employed as an economical and environmentally friendly adsorbent in aqueous solutions, strengthening the case for employing Argan nutshells for water treatment.

Surface functionalization of XC18 steel using a new transition metal complex for remarkable corrosion performance: Empirical and theoretical studies

Synthesis of transition metal complexes (TMC) having specific characteristics is advantageous for combining their organic and inorganic properties, to help prevent metals from corrosion. In this study, the corrosion inhibition behavior of [N, N’-bis(salicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediaminato] copper (II) (CuL) on the surface of XC18 steel surface immersed in 1.0 M HCl was investigated. The thermodynamic and kinetic corrosion parameters were determined using the mass loss (ML) and electrochemical measurement methods. CuL exhibited a good corrosion inhibition efficiency of 96.72 %. The adsorption behavior of CuL followed the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating both physical and chemical interactions. Morphological structural analysis demonstrated that CuL formed a protective film between the surface of XC18 steel and the corrosives elements, thus confirming its adsorption onto XC18 steel surface. Theoretical calculations were consistent with the experimental findings, thereby confirming that the adsorption of CuL onto the steel surface comprises both physisorption and chemisorption processes. These calculations elucidate the specific bonding nature and emphasize the significant inter- and intra-molecular interactions that enhance the stability and adsorption capability of the CuL inhibitor. The successful formation of a protective layer on the surface of XC18 steel using a TMC signifies exciting prospects for the development of advanced materials with diverse applications.

Study of Methylene Blue dye adsorption onto biochar derived from Austrocylindropuntia subulata plant

Abstract The reuse of treated wastewater in drinking water supply and irrigation emerges as a potent solution to address water scarcity. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in wastewater treatment using ecological, non-toxic, and biodegradable materials. In this study, Austrocylindropuntia subulata was employed for the first time to adsorb a synthetic dye, methylene blue. The feedstock underwent pyrolysis followed by chemical activation using orthophosphoric acid, resulting in the formation of biochar. Characterization through SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses reveals that the biochar surface possesses functional groups such as alcohol and amide. Microscopic images highlight a diverse array of particle shapes and sizes, along with varying proportions of calcium and carbon in the biochar. Adsorption tests demonstrate that the optimal mass of biochar is 0.5g, ensuring a remarkable 99.8% adsorption of methylene blue dye within a 30 minutes contact time. The findings of this study underscore the compelling adsorbent capabilities of biochar derived from the Austrocylindropuntia subulata plant, suggesting its potential as a valuable resource in wastewater treatment.

Estimated of Pomegranate Peel Waste for Biosorption of Cu (II) & Pb(II) Ions From Aqueous Solutions

This study intends to explore the waste natural materials’ adsorption capability. The use of pomegranate peels was investigated to see the chances of eradicating Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from the aqueous solutions. Adsorption capability was evaluated using batch adsorption experiments, which also evaluated the impact of solution pH and initial metal concentration. The ideal biosorption conditions included a pH of 6.0, a dose of 0.1 g of biomass, and an equilibrium duration of 90 minutes. The adsorption data fit in a way that was comparable to the isotherm models by Freundlich and Langmuir. Pomegranate peel (PGP) was tested for its affinity and adsorption capability. Based on the values of the separation factor (RL) and Freundlich constant (n), it seems that the metal ions were taken up onto biosorbents in a preferred manner. According to this study's conclusions, the equilibrium data suit the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms rather nicely. According to correlation coefficient data, the maximal sorption capacity of the produced pomegranate peel is 5000 mg/g. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDX), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were utilised in the characterisation examinations. As a result, distinct aggregates formed on the surface of the biosorbent. In the characterisation experiments, an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed. Different aggregates developed on the biosorbent surface as a result of contact with metal ions. On the surface of the biosorbent, distinct aggregates formed as a result of interaction with metal ions. Either via complexation or electrostatic attraction, the metal ions attached themselves to the biosorbents' active sites.

Positively Photo-Responsive Adsorption Over Binary Copper Porphyrin Framework and Graphene Film Sorbents.

Photo-responsive adsorption has emerged as a vibrant area because it provides a promising route to reduce the energy consumption of the traditional adsorption separation. However, the current methodology to fabricate photo-responsive sorbents is still subject to the photo-deforming molecular units. In this study, a new initiative of photo-dissociated electron-hole pairs is proposed to generate amazing adsorption activity, and prove its feasibility. Employing CuPP [PP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin] framework nanosheets compounded with graphene, binary film (BF) sorbents are successfully fabricated. The paradigmatic BF nanostructure brings about efficiently photo-excited electron-hole pairs with durable enough lifetime to meet the needs of microscopic adsorption equilibrium, which ultimately alters the electron density distribution of adsorption surface, and thus markedly modulates the adsorption activity. Therefore, an amazing photo-enhanced adsorption capability for the index gas CO can be gotten. Once exposed to the visible-light at 420nm, the CO adsorption capacity (0°C, 1bar) is risen from 0.23mmolg-1 in the darkness to 1.66mmolg-1, changed by+622%. This is essentially different from majority of current photo-responsive sorbents based on photo-deforming molecular units, of which adsorption capability is only decreased with photo-induction, and the maximum rate of change reported is just -54%.

Investigating the Capability of Local Adsorbent in Removing Selected Pollutants in Batch and Packed Reactors

Investigating the Capability of Local Adsorbent in Removing Selected Pollutants in Batch and Packed Reactors