Adoptive Parents Research Articles

Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy for children living with adoptive parents or special guardians: a longitudinal assessment of the impact on child and caregiver wellbeing outcomes

Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy (DDP) is a form of psychotherapy for families where children and young people have experienced early trauma or attachment disruption. This study used longitudinal survey data to understand the format of DDP as it is provided in England for children who are adopted or subject of a Special Guardianship Order (SGO), and to analyse the potential effects of DDP on standardised outcomes of child and caregiver wellbeing. Participants were 150 families who received DDP through funding from the Department for Education’s Adoption Support Fund in England between 2018 and 2021. Adoptive parents and special guardians (caregivers) answered surveys at three timepoints; before therapy was provided (baseline), when therapy had ended (wave 2), and 6 months later (wave 3). Linear mixed modelling demonstrated significant improvements in child/young person difficulties in multiple subscales of the SDQ, including emotional difficulties and conduct problems, between baseline and wave 2. In the same time frame, similar improvements in caregiver wellbeing were also observed, as measured by the SWEMBS. These findings suggest an association between the provision of DDP and an improvement in child/young person and caregiver wellbeing on standardised measures, with these improvements maintained 6 months later. Implications and recommendations for future research to substantiate the findings are discussed.

"Nothing is ever going to change if we don't start advocating for our child.": Community-level disclosure and stigma management strategies among parents of internationally adopted children living with PHIV.

The number of internationally adopted children living with perinatally-acquired HIV (IACP) in the U.S. is increasing, yet little is known about their families' experiences navigating HIV disclosure within a community context. This paper examines the lived experiences of adoptive parents as they navigate HIV disclosure and manage stigma toward their adopted children within their broader communities. A purposive sample of parents of IACP was recruited at two pediatric infectious disease clinics and via closed Facebook groups. Parents completed two semi-structured interviews approximately one year apart. Interview questions included strategies parents used to reduce the impact of community level stigma that their child is likely to encounter as they mature. Interviews were analyzed using Sort and Sift, Think and Shift analytic approach. All parents (n = 24) identified as white and most (n = 17) had interracial families, with children adopted from 11 different countries (range: age at adoption 1-15 years; range: age at first interview 2-19 years). Analyses revealed that parents serve as advocates for their child by both supporting more public HIV disclosure at times, but also applying indirect strategies such as working to improve outdated sex education material. Knowledge of HIV disclosure laws empowered parents to make informed decisions about who, if anyone, in the community needed to know their child's HIV status. Families with IACP would benefit from HIV disclosure support/training and community-based HIV stigma reduction interventions.

HAK MEWARIS ANAK ANGKAT DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI HUKUM PERDATA DAN HUKUM ISLAM

Writing this scientific paper aims to determine the position of adopted children as heirs in civil law and Islamic law, as well as know the distribution of inheritance that can be obtained by adopted children. This study uses a juridical-normative method. The results of the research in the form of the existence of the rights and position of adopted children in civil law are not contained in BW but are regulated in Stbld 1917 Number 129, which states that there are equal rights for adopted children and legitimate children in inheritance. Islamic law does not regulate inheritance to adopted children due to differences in the lineage of adopted children and their adoptive parents, but there are other ways related to the method of inheritance in Islamic law, namely wajibah testament.

Conversive and Factitious disorders: Differential diagnosis based on a case report

IntroductionConversive disorder is characterised by the presence of one or more involuntary neurological symptoms that are not due to a clear medical pathology. On the other hand, consciously simulated illnesses fall into two diagnostic categories: factitious disorders and malingering, which are differentiated by both the motivation for the behaviour and the awareness of that motivation. Factitious disorder behaviours are motivated by an unconscious need to assume the sick role, whereas malingering behaviours are consciously driven to achieve external secondary gains.ObjectivesStudy of the differences between conversion disorder and factitious disorder and their repercussions from a case of difficult diagnosis.MethodsBibliographic review of scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case.ResultsWe present the case of a 14-year-old male patient. Adoptive parents. Studying in high school. Social difficulties since childhood. He comes to the emergency department on several occasions referring stereotyped movements and motor tics in the four extremities with left cervical lateralization. Increase of these symptoms in the last month, so it was decided to admit him to the pediatric hospital. After observation and study of the patient’s movements with normal complementary tests he should return home. The following day he returned to the emergency department after an episode of dizziness, mutism and emotional block. It was decided to admit him to Psychiatry for behavioral observation and differential diagnosis.ConclusionsIn the assessment of patients it is essential to make an appropriate diagnosis taking into account the patient’s symptomatology and the patient’s background and life context. Conversion disorder is the unintentional production of neurological symptom, whereas malingering and factitious disorder represent the voluntary production of symptoms with internal or external incentives. They have a close history and this has been frequently confounded. Practitioners are often confronted to medically unexplained symptoms; they represent almost 30% of neurologist’s consultation. The first challenge is to detect them, and recent studies have confirmed the importance of “positive” clinical bedside signs based on incoherence and discordance. Multidisciplinary therapy is recommended with behavioral cognitive therapy, antidepressant to treat frequent comorbid anxiety or depression, and physiotherapy. Factitious disorder and malingering should be clearly delineated from conversion disorder. Factitious disorder should be considered as a mental illness and more research on its physiopathology and treatment is needed, when malingering is a non-medical condition encountered in medico-legal cases.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Penyelesaian Sengketa Kewarisan Anak Angkat Yang Memiliki Keterangan Indentitas Sebagai Anak Kandung

Adopted children who have an identity as biological children have the potential to cause inheritance disputes with heir relatives if not resolved through mediation. In Islamic law, the permissibility of adopting a child is limited as long as it is not equated with biological children. This further applies to the civil rights of adopted children including inheritance rights. Adopted children are not entitled to a share of the inheritance and can only get a share based on the obligatory will of their adoptive parents according to the level of the will and not exceeding one-third of the parent's assets. If it exceeds a third of the assets of his parents, then he must obtain the approval of the heirs. On the other hand, the existence of adopted children who have residence documents as biological children has the potential to become a dispute, one of which is the issue of inheritance. In resolving these disputes, mediation as a way of settling cases in a non-litigation process is in principle the first step in efforts to seek law and justice that must be put forward rather than through lawsuits or other law enforcement. This is because in inheritance disputes that occur between adopted children who have residence certificates as biological children have the potential to violate the Population Law and also the Criminal Procedure Code because if it is proven that they intentionally misused population data by providing incorrect information it will lead to actions that can be punishable criminal

THE SETTLEMENT OF ADOPTED CHILDREN STATUS REGARDING THE INHERITANCE OF ADOPTION PARENTS IN TORAJA COMMUNITIES

The child adoption in Toraja community is valid when it is conducted with traditional ceremony. However, the adoption of children that declared with traditional ceremonies still does not fully meet the requirements in written law which can lead to the legitimacy of adopted child position as the heir of his adoptive parents. The settlement of disputes over the inheritance distribution of adopted children can be resolved through the deliberations of relatives and customary heads. However, in its development, the Toraja community began to resolve these disputes through the courts, because it was considered more capable of providing justice and legal certainty. This legal research is empirical research (socio-legal research) that can be classified into analytical descriptive research. The data used is primary data, which is obtained from observation, interviews with respondents and informants while secondary data is in the form of judge's decisions and related legal theories.

Telehealth Use in Pediatric Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Caregivers

This qualitative study surveyed caregivers regarding their perspectives on the benefits of, challenges with, and suggestions for improving telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregivers who had the responsibility for caring for at least one child aged under 18 years of age in Genesee County, MI, participated. The caregivers were biological parents, stepparents, foster parents, adoptive parents, and guardians. A total of 105 caregivers completed a survey with open-ended questions via Qualtrics. Two independent coders developed themes based on the responses using grounded theory. Participants were primarily biological parents and non-Hispanic White and African Americans. According to the participants, the benefits of telehealth included prevention of exposure to the COVID-19 virus, quality communication with physicians, savings in travel time, and cost-effective methods to receive care. The challenges included a lack of in-person interaction, fear of compromised confidentiality, and the potential for misdiagnosis. Suggestions for improvement by caregivers included increasing access to telehealth for poorer families, offering a media educational campaign to promote telehealth use, and creating a universal platform to share patient information. Future studies may test the effectiveness of interventions such as those suggested by caregivers in this study to improve telehealth.

Concept analysis of adoption: A hybrid model.

Adoption is a multidimensional concept affected by cultural and social factors. On the other hand, the number of adoptees has recently increased indicating the need to pay more attention to this issue. However, no clear definition of this concept has been provided so far. The objective of this study was to analyze the concept of adoption. The present study was an analysis using a hybrid model in three phases. During the theoretical phase, using the keyword "adoption,"pertinent articles published between 2010 and 2022 were searched. In the field work phase, eight adoptive parents as the participants were interviewed and the data were analyzed using conventional content analysis method. In the final analysis phase, a general analysis of the two previous phases was performed and a final definition was presented. Adoption is one of the ways of having children that helps infertile couples to experience parental pleasure. If adoption is done wisely based on the abilities of parents, it can provide the best care setting for the child's growth leading to the consolidation of the family and a purposeful life. In adoption, all of the rights and responsibilities of the child are transferred from the biological parents to the adoptive parents, which is affected by religious and cultural beliefs. The analysis of the concept of adoption provided a good basis for identifying the various dimensions of adoption and its challenges. The parents need to pay attention to all dimensions of adoption before selecting this path. It also provided a good platform for future research in the field of adoption.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI ANAK ANGKAT TANPA PUTUSAN PENGADILAN DITINJAU DARI HUKUM PERDATA

This study aims to determine and examine the rights and obligations of adopted children without a court decision according to civil law and to find out the obstacles to adopted children without a court decision in inheritance according to civil law. This research was conducted at the Baubau District Court and the Baubau City Departement of Population and Civil Registry Office, the method used in this research is normative legal research that examines positive law and legal principles and their theoretical aspects through reading sources, such as laws, books , scientific articles, mass media, and legal journals and in this case the researchers obtained data directly from the parties concerned which were specifically collected for this research by conducting direct interviews. The results show that the position of the adopted child in obtaining the right to inherit based on the Civil Code, namely the adoption of a child will affect the position of the inheritance rights of the adopted child against his adoptive parents which in principle the inheritance of the adopted child is returned to the inheritance law of his adoptive parents. Adoptive parents are obliged to make sure that after he dies, his adopted child is not abandoned.

Why and how do parents decide to adopt? A study on motivations and the decision‐making process in becoming an adoptive family

AbstractThere are several motives underlying the process of deciding to become an adoptive family. However, research exploring this issue is scarce and essentially focused on infertility as the main motivation. The present mixed‐method study aims to fill in this gap by exploring, retrospectively, the motives to adopt of 126 Portuguese adoptive parents. The Parents' Interview on the Adoption Process was used to identify the motives to adopt and describe the adoption decision‐making process. Seven main motives (biological issues, filling in a void/loneliness, adoption as a life project, expanding the family, philanthropy, contact with the child protection system and parenthood) were identified. These motives can be centred on the self, the child or both simultaneously and are characterized by dynamism, permeability and interconnection. Findings allowed for establishing conceptual considerations on motivations to adopt and recommendations for adoption practice.

Evaluation of Faculty Parental Leave Policies at Medical Schools Ranked by US News & World Report in 2020

Physician parents, particularly women, are more likely to experience burnout, poor family-career balance, adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, and stigmatization compared with nonparent colleagues. Because many physicians delay child-rearing due to the rigorous demands of medical training, favorable parental leave policies for faculty physicians are crucial to prevent physician workforce attrition. To evaluate paid and unpaid parental leave policies at medical schools ranked by US News & World Report in 2020 and identify factors associated with leave policies. This cross-sectional national study was performed at US medical schools reviewed from December 1, 2019, through May 31, 2020, and February 1 through March 31, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All medical schools ranked by US News & World Report in 2020 were included. The primary outcome was the number of weeks of paid and unpaid leave for birth, nonbirth, adoption, and foster care physician parents. Institutional policies for the number of weeks of leave and requirements to use vacation, sick, or disability leave were characterized. Institutional factors were evaluated for association with the duration of paid parental leave using χ2 tests. Among the 90 ranked medical schools, 87 had available data. Sixty-three medical schools (72.4%) had some paid leave for birth mothers, but only 13 (14.9%) offered 12 weeks of fully paid leave. While 11 medical schools (12.6%) offered 12 weeks of full paid leave for nonbirth parents, 38 (43.7%) had no paid leave for nonbirth parents. Adoptive and foster parents had no paid leave in 35 (40.2%) and 65 (74.7%) medical schools, respectively. Median paid parental leave was 4 (IQR, 0-8) weeks for birth parents, 4 (IQR, 0-6) weeks for adoptive parents, 3 (IQR, 0-6) weeks for nonbirth parents, and 0 (IQR, 0-1) weeks for foster parents. About one-third of medical schools required birth mothers to use vacation (29 [33.3%]), sick leave (31 [35.6%]), or short-term disability (9 [10.3%]). Among institutional characteristics, higher ranking (top vs bottom quartile: 30.4% vs 4.0%; P = .03) and private designation (private vs public, 23.5% vs 9.4%; P < .001) was associated with a higher rate of 12 weeks of paid leave for birth mothers. In this cross-sectional national study of medical schools ranked by US News & World Report in 2020, many physician faculty receive no or very limited paid parental leave. The lack of paid parental leave was associated with higher rates of physician burnout and work-life integration dissatisfaction and may further perpetuate sex, racial and ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in academic medicine.

Penafsiran Hukum Waris Beda Agama di Indonesia

In classical fiqh studies, most scholars agree that Muslims and non-Muslims do not inherit from each other. Jumhur's opinion is stated implicitly in KHI, which says that heirs must be Muslim. After the 1995 Supreme Court decision regarding obligatory wills for heirs of different religions, differences of opinion began to occur over inheritance from different religions. Some follow this jurisprudence, while others still hold the jumhur opinion in classical fiqh. This article attempts to analyze the different interpretations of the regulations regarding heirs of different religions by using the theory of legal interpretation. This article is qualitative research with a normative juridical approach. The research data was obtained from various literature relevant to the object of this study. This article concludes that, in reading the regulations regarding heirs of different religions, there are three methods of legal interpretation, namely: first, a grammatical interpretation which results in the conclusion that non-Muslim heirs have no rights over the heir's assets; second, an analogical interpretation that can be used to make an analogy of a mandatory will for children or adoptive parents with the status of non-Muslim heirs; third, a sociological or teleological interpretation that functions more flexibly because it can be adapted to the context of social values that grow and develop in society.

More than I expected: a qualitative exploration of participants’ experience of an online adoptive parent-toddler group

ABSTRACT The question of how best to support adoptive parents has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. This paper aims to explore participants’ experience of a new online intervention for adoptive parents and toddlers, which was adapted from an existing psychoanalytic Parent-Toddler Group (PTG) model. Participants were recruited from the parents attending the intervention, and four took part in a semi-structured post-intervention interview, aimed at exploring their experience of the PTG. Findings showed that, despite difficulties with the online setting of this intervention, participants overall experienced it positively, and particularly valued the supportive element of the group and the improvements in the parent-child relationship. However, challenges included engaging toddlers in the online setting, and participants’ confusion over the expectations and outcomes of the group. Based on these findings, suggestions were made for further research and adaptations of this model for future adoptive parenting interventions and support.

Status of Adopted Child Turned into Mahram According to Syafi'i Fiqih

Adopted children who have grown up will have certain genitalia boundaries with adoptive parents. This causes the role of adoptive parents to not be realized optimally and the rights of adopted children cannot be fully fulfilled. Conversely, when adoptive parents do not pay attention to Islamic values in the practice of adopting children, this is also strictly prohibited in religion, and is considered very fatal, because it is included in the practice of tabanni during the Jahiliyya era. This research was conducted to answer problems that are currently occurring in the practice of adoption, in the form of what is the status of adopted children in Islam, how is the process for adopted children being made mahram status according to Syafi'i fiqh, and what is the law that applies to adopted children. This research is included in the category of library research. The author uses a normative approach that is descriptive in nature. The results of the research are presented by the author in the form of solving problems that occur between adoptive parents and adopted children by changing the status of adopted children to become mahrams, namely: by breastfeeding when they are child, adopting children from husband or wife relatives, and marrying adopted children. Furthermore, when the status of an adopted child has been changed to that of a mahram, then what has legal consequences is only the boundaries (aurat) of the adopted child. Meanwhile, in matters of inheritance, marriage guardianship, and lineage, nothing changes even though the adopted child has the status of a mahram. However, considering that their relationship is familiar and since childhood the adopted child has been with the adoptive parent, feeling that something is missing if the adopted child's rights are differentiated from those of his biological child, then the solution that can be made for inheritance is a mandatory will or inheritance testament so that the adopted child can still feel the inheritance those left behind and taukil marriage guardians to adoptive parents for matters of marriage guardians so that they can feel the guardianship of their adoptive parents. As for the issue of lineage, this cannot be contested in any way, because pure lineage was given by biological parents which cannot be changed even by tabanni.

“Sometimes I Feel like a Motherless Child:” Considering the Metaphor of Divine Adoption in the Context of Trauma

This article will explore the rhetorical and theological significance of the metaphor of divine adoption in the Hebrew Bible. In Ps 22:10–11 and Ps 71:6–9 God is not only said to pull the psalmist out of his/her mother’s womb, but in a context in which many mothers all too often died in childbirth, the newborn is cast upon God who steps in as the adoptive mother. This idea of divine adoption is further found in Psalm 68:5 when God is described as the “Father of orphans… [who] gives the desolate a home to live in”. And in Psalm 27:9–10, God is praised by the psalmist as “God of my salvation!” saying that “if my father and mother forsake me, the Lord will take me up”. In a context in which fathers and mothers either have died or have forsaken their children, God is thus portrayed as the adoptive parent who, as evident in the creative reinterpretation of Ps 68:5 in the African American spiritual referenced in the title of the essay serves as “Mother to the motherless, and father to the fatherless”. I argue that when it is important to keep in mind the complexities associated with this metaphor, which includes not only the multiple layers of trauma associated with the origin and reception of this metaphor but also the trauma associated with the adoptive process and the ongoing relationship between parent and adopted child that may be fraught with ambiguity. Read in the context of individual and collective trauma, this article makes a case for the interpretative potential of this metaphor in times when people literally and figuratively have felt, and still may be feeling, like motherless (and fatherless) children.

Does Parent Education Moderate the Effect of Adoptive Parents’ Race on Math Ability?

Few studies have examined the effect of the adoptive parents’ race on the adopted adolescent’s achievement test scores. Because there are differences in education levels across races among parents, one wonders whether parents’ race predicts the adolescent’s ability after accounting for parent education. The current study investigates the effect of adoptive parents’ race on adolescents’ math ability, separately by race of the adopted adolescents, with and without controlling for parent education levels. The findings from multiple regressions indicate that adoptive parents’ race is strongly associated with math scores, but that parent education does not moderate the large coefficient of the parents’ race variable. Possible unmeasured factors are discussed as explanations of the observed parental race effect. Keywords: Cognitive ability, Race, Parenting, Adoption

ADOPTIVE PARENTS’ EXPERIENCES OF SUPPORT FROM SOCIAL WORKERS AND INFORMAL NETWORKS DURING THE ADOPTION PROCESS

Prospective adoptive parents require a considerable amount of support from social workers as well as from other support systems during the adoption process. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe adoptive families’ experiences of formal and informal support during the pre-adoption phase. There is a dearth of empirical research in the South African context on prospective adoptive parents' experiences of support from social workers, family and friends, and the adoption community, particularly in KwaZulu-Natal. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study sought to explore the experiences of sixteen adoptive parents in the eThekwini region with regards to the support they received from social workers and other support systems during the adoption process. Non-probability sampling, more specifically, snowball sampling, was used to recruit the participants through the Durban Adoptive Families group. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Several sub-themes emerged from the data analysis. The study found that the participants had varied experiences of support offered by social workers and organisations along with more positive experiences of informal support from family and friends and the adoption community. Keywords: adoption, adoptive parents, adoption process, social workers, support system

Penerapan Bagian Wasiat Wajibah Terhadapa Anak Angkat Dalam Hukum Waris Islam (Perspektif Filosofis)

One aspect of concern is Islamic inheritance law. As for matters related to inheritance, namely wills. With the development of Islamic legal thought, the notion of wills has also developed, which is now called obligatory wills, namely rulers or judges as state officials to force or issue obligatory wills for people who have died which are given to certain people under certain circumstances. The research method used in this article is a descriptive method of analysis using a philosophical normative approach. The results of this research are the philosophical basis of adopted children over adoptive parents according to the Compilation of Islamic Law namely in the Indonesian context, the philosophical basis of the applicable law is Pancasila, as the way of life of the Indonesian nation. Then the provision for adopted children to receive 1/3 of the inheritance of their adoptive parents is actually a fair distribution according to legal justice, if the main heirs do not object, while if the heirs object and harm the heirs then the obligatory will is not allowed carried out because it has the potential to harm the offspring of the heir who in fact is the main heir, this is as Raws said, the main interest of justice from laws made by the State is to guarantee the stability of human life.

Intraspecific fledgling adoption by a pair of Superb Fairy-wrens Malurus cyaneus

Adoption is a form of alloparenting in which an individual raises an unrelated offspring, although it is sometimes unclear whether this behaviour is adaptive or the product of reproductive error. Here, we report an observation of intraspecific adoption in a cooperatively breeding songbird, the Superb Fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus. In a colour-banded population at Cleland Conservation Park, South Australia, a breeding pair with three nutritionally dependent fledglings adopted an additional male fledgling from an adjacent territory. The adoptee was first observed with the new group about 2 weeks after fledging and was regularly fed by his adoptive parents. The fledgling continued to associate with his adoptive group for at least 7 months, even though his natal group remained intact in the adjacent territory. Genetic analyses confirmed that the adopted fledgling was the product of within-pair mating and was not closely related to its adoptive parents. There is some evidence that adult fairy-wrens may discriminate against offspring based on the acoustic structure of their begging calls; however, begging calls recorded at the adoptee’s nest were equally similar to incubation calls from both the genetic and adoptive mother. Finally, we discuss similar instances in the literature of intraspecific and interspecific adoption by Superb Fairy-wrens and suggest possible explanations for this behaviour.

Adoção no Contexto Escolar: explorando olhares

Abstract Objective This article sought to analyze the perceptions of parents and teachers regarding the school trajectory of adopted children. For this, Elementary School (3rd to 7th grade) teachers and adoptive parents were interviewed, investigating how they perceive adopted children’s possible successes and difficulties in school, and if there is a relationship between adoption and school performance. Method The theoretical-methodological perspective of the “Rede de Significações” [Network of Meanings] was employed, seeking to understand and investigate the perceptions of the interviewees in a contextualized and articulated way. It was understood that it is important to go beyond the analysis of the child’s individual components (as a biological or adopted child), considering the interactional network and the context in which he/she is inserted. Results As results, teachers attributed a direct influence on learning to the “family structure”, while parents focused their representations on individual issues of their children. Conclusion The children’s school difficulties and successes, therefore, were not directly related to adoption, but to previous experiences and the current family context.