Adolescents In Situations Research Articles

Determinantes do índice de massa corporal em adolescentes de escolas públicas de Piracicaba, São Paulo

The objective of this study was to assess determining factors of body mass index (BMI) in adolescents enrolled in public schools in Piracicaba, São Paulo. The sample had 328 adolescents from both genders; minimum age was 10 years old. We have assessed weight, height, sexual maturity, physical activity, and diet. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the association between independent variables and BMI. While girls considered physically active presented greater mean BMI than those insufficiently active, boys did not present statistical difference between mean BMI among those active and those insufficiently active. Sexual maturity was a determinant for BMI, for both genders, reinforcing the idea that it is essential to take this variable into account in studies that assess the nutritional situation in adolescents. We believe that the methods used in the present study, which are normally used in similar surveys, have important limitations to assess the influence of variables such as the level of physical activity and food intake on the BMI of adolescents. Thus, it is important to improve these methods and adopt them in further studies.

Self-Efficacy for Social Situations in Adolescents with Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder

Self-efficacy is a potentially useful concept when applied to Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). The aims of the current study were to examine the psychometric properties of the Self- Efficacy for Social Situations Scale (SESS; Gaudiano and Herbert, 2003) and to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety in an adolescent sample with generalized SAD. Results replicated those found in a previous adult SAD sample. The SESS showed high internal consistency and good construct and criterion-related validity. The SESS also predicted subjective anxiety and perceived performance in social role play tests after controlling for social anxiety severity. Furthermore, self-efficacy more clearly predicted self-ratings in contrast to observer ratings of performance in social role play tests. Finally, changes in social self- efficacy were strongly associated with changes in social anxiety symptoms following treatment, even after controlling for changes in fear of negative evaluation. Treatment implications for adolescent SAD are discussed.

Estação cidadania: uma experiência no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco

Este relato de experiencia discorre sobre a atuacao de uma Terapeuta Ocupacional, como educadora social, na atencao a criancas e adolescentes em situacao de vulnerabilidade social. O contexto descrito e a Estacao Cidadania Leste, equipamento gestado por uma organizacao nao governamental para atendimento publico a esta populacao. A experiencia tem em sua base a atuacao na comunidade, com uma equipe multiprofissional, e seguiu os principios do ECA visando a Protecao Integral de criancas e adolescentes em situacao de vulnerabilidade social.

Split liver transplantation: Past, present and future

The technique of liver splitting offers an effective way of increasing the donor pool and decreasing pediatric waiting list mortality. A donor liver is divided in such a way that the left lateral liver graft can be transplanted into a small child and the right extended liver graft into an adult. This innovative technique did not harm the adult recipient pool. Because of its technical complexity and the initial poor results after split liver transplantation (SLT) this procedure has slowly gained acceptance in the Transplantation Community after its first introduction in 1988 (4). Small children with end stage liver disease suffered the most from the extreme shortage of cadaveric donor organs due to the difficulty of finding size-matched donors. The successful surgical development of SLT and a better donor and recipient selection have led to a reduction of the pediatric pretransplant mortality to nearly zero and to results comparable with those after whole organ transplantation (WLT). By splitting a donor organ into two 'full' hemi-grafts and providing a small adult ( < 60 kg) or a big child ( > 30 kg) with the full left graft and a medium-sized adult (60-80 kg) with the full right graft, a small-for-size situation for adolescents or adults can be avoided and the total number of available grafts can be increased. It is the goal to provide each recipient with its customized graft in the near future. However, splitting for two adults requires high technical skills and profound knowledge of the anatomic variations and should be performed in centers with large transplantation experience.

O trabalho interdisciplinar no contexto da exclusão

O presente artigo apresenta um programa de intervenção psico-educativo e sócio-cultural com crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco. Discute-se um modelo de atendimento em rede, através da compreensão interdisciplinar que propõe atuação em diferentes níveis: atendimentos clínicos, oficinas psico-educativas e de teatro. Percebe-se ainda que a instituição, enquanto conjunto de regras, a equipe de profissionais, enquanto figuras modelares, o grupo, enquanto oportunidade de pertencimento, possibilitam a inscrição do adolescente em um processo de trocas intersubjetivas, promovendo regulação de novas relações e possibilidades de resgate e apropriação de sua história subjetiva.

'Hard and Heavy': Gender and Power in a heavy metal music subculture

This article analyses gendered structures of power in a heavy metal (HM) music club. Although both male and female HM devotees often declare that they are engaged in a rebellious activity, this romantic conviction sits uneasily alongside the HM scene's reinforcement of conventional gender relations and identities. Although many women gravitated toward the HM setting in order to escape stifling adolescent situations, they wound up in another oppressive context. Both the forceful corporeal practices of men and the highly gendered structures of power meant that women 'did' gender on men's terms. HM texts, narratives, identities, and corporeal practices constituted a complex and contradictory gender regime that literally kept women 'in their place'.

Symptom distress and life situation in adolescents with cancer

Symptom distress and life situation in adolescents with cancer

Identification and assessment of ongoing stressors in adolescents with a chronic illness: An application of the behavior-analytic model

Applied Goldfriend and D'Zurilla's (1969) Behavior-Analytic Model to the development of a context-specific measure of stressful situations for adolescents with a serious, chronic illness. In completing the situational analysis phase of the model, 45 adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF), 20 parents of adolescents with CF, and 8 health care professionals completed structured interviews or daily diaries to obtain the widest range of problematic situations. The adolescent sample was recruited from two different medical centers, and stratified by sex and illness severity. A total of 1,174 problem situations were elicited across all participants and then content-analyzed into 164 nonredundant items in 10 domains (e.g., Medications and Treatment, and School). Few relations were found between demographic variables (e.g., age and illness severity) and the number or difficulty of problematic situations. Both adolescents and parents mentioned the greatest number of problematic situations in the domains of School, Medications and Treatment, and Parent-Teen Relationship. In terms of difficulty, all three respondents (i.e., teens, parents, and health care professionals) rated problems with Clinic and Hospital Visits as very difficult. For the adolescent sample, problems in the Parent-Teen Relationship and Health Concerns were also highly difficult. Significant associations were found between the problematic situations we identified and standardized measures of social and emotional functioning. Adolescents who rated their problems as more difficult also endorsed more symptoms of depression and lower perceptions of social competence. In a future study, the most salient items will be selected to create a role-play measure to elicit adolescents' coping strategies.

Contraceptive patterns among women and men in León, Nicaragua

The aim was to study the contraceptive patterns among men and women in León, Nicaragua. A questionnaire about sexual, contraceptive, reproductive and socioeconomic issues was directed to 7,789 households including 22% of all women of the municipality aged 15–49 years (n = 10,867). A subsample of 388 men and 413 women aged 15–49 years was drawn at random. Refusals were less than 2%. Private interviews revealed that among fertile women who had been sexually active within the last three months, non-pregnant and wishing to avoid pregnancy, 77% were contracepting. Female sterilization was the most common contraceptive method (39%), followed by intrauterine device (16%). Even though around 60% of women at some time had tried oral contraceptives, only 13% of contraceptors used them currently. The rhythm and interruption methods together constituted only 4%. Condom use was low and mainly occasional. Contraceptive use in sexually active women aged 15–44 years was lower among those having lower education, living in rural areas, and living under poverty conditions. The predominance of female sterilization and the occasional condom use—mainly reported by men—reflects a situation of relative male control over contraception and reproduction. This probably originates from “machista” values where men having many children with different women are considered strong. There was also a significantly higher use of contraceptives among the better-off women and men compared with the extremely poor. The situation of many poor women, in a country with limited contraceptive services, is worrving considering that abortion is illegal and the threat of HIV epidemic is growing. The situation for adolescents is particularly problematic with low experience in contraceptive use.

The English Teacher and Pop Music

Summary The article underlines a disjuncture between schools' curricular model and the ways of experiencing and knowing developed by adolescents through the mass media. Pop music represents the extreme case of this disjuncture because it is marked out as the music exclusively of youth. Thus it is particularly important to understand the situation of adolescents in contemporary society and the needs served by pop in their lives. Adolescent culture is made up of groups showing distinct differences of lifestyle reflected by pop music. These differences are nevertheless variations on the ethos of the parent society, a dominant feature of which is the hedonism about which many adults have ambivalent feelings. Adolescents' search for identity in a rapidly changing society is exacerbated by such ambivalence, by the generation gap and by adult condemnation of pop music, in which adolescents seek integrative meanings. It is pupils in the higher ability bands who experience the greatest conflict between academic va...

A Comparative Look on the Dropping out of Adolescents in Situations of Risk from the Bedouin Educational System in the Negev

The phenomenon of dropping out of students from the educational system in Israel has been steadily increasing in recent years. Many research studies that addressed the phenomenon of dropping out indicated an increase in the percentage of students dropping out from the Bedouin educational system in the Negev. The present research study examines the tendency to drop out of adolescents in situations of risk in the recognized Bedouin communities in comparison to adolescents in situations of risk in the unrecognized Bedouin communities with regard to different demographic variables and the involvementof the parents. These adolescents are daily exposed to emotional and social difficulties and do not receive adequate research attention. The issue of the dropping out of adolescents is an acute problem with considerable significance in the Arab sector in general and in the Bedouin communities in particular. The research study examines the situation today, the situation of the adolescents who are dropping out, their problems, and the reasons that led them to dropping out, in a comparison between the two types of Bedouin communities. The research findings will indicate possible ways for the reduction of the multidimensional phenomenon of dropping out. In light of the large gaps that exist between the educational system in Jewish society and the educational system in Bedouin society, the research study emphasizes that there is a direct impact on the Bedouin educational system, which directly influences the dropping out of students from the educational system in general and the dropping out of students in situations of risk. The sample consisted of 90 adolescents in situations of risk, 45 adolescents from recognized communities and 45 adolescents from unrecognized communities from different schools. In light of theexamination of the research findings, it appears that the involvement of the parents influences the drooping out significantly. This finding indicates the importance of parental involvement in the school and its importance for the future of the children. In other words, a Bedouin child with an involved family will likely remain in the educational framework, while a Bedouin child whose parents are disconnected from his studies has increased chances to drop out of the educational system.