Adolescents In Rural Areas Research Articles

Resiliensi Remaja: Perbedaan Berdasarkan Wilayah, Kemiskinan, Jenis Kelamin, dan Jenis Sekolah

World’s current conditions which are full of uncertainties, threats, dangers and other problems lead the youth to become tougher and resilient in facing any kind of adversity. This study aimed to analyze the differences of resiliency of adolescents by region, poverty, gender, and type of school. This study was a quantitative study and involved 120 adolescents who were selected using multistage random sampling technique. Primary data were obtained by questionnaires which have been developed by researchers. The results showed that teenagers in the urban areas were more exposed to free-sex, freely skipping school, and involved with alcohol, whereas adolescents in the rural area more often experienced an invitation to use drugs. Female adolescent were more often to be invited and forced to be involved in free-sex, whereas male were more frequent involved in smoking and brawl. The portrait of resilience showed that in general the resilience of adolescents in rural areas and those who were schooling in vocational were higher than vice versa. There was no significant difference of resilience between male and female adolescents. However, in particular, the cooperation and communication of male adolescents is higher than for female, while female have higher ability of problem solving and empathy.

Prevalence of psychotic-like experiences and their correlations with internalizing problems: A study of early adolescents in rural area in Karawang, Indonesia.

Adolescents who live in rural areas have been found to experience more mental health problems than those who live in urban areas. In Indonesia, adolescents who live in rural areas have limited facilities to access mental health services. On the other hand, there is still a strong belief in the rural communities that mental health problems are the consequence of demonic possession, having committed a sin, lack of faith, etc. Rural communities tend to seek traditional remedies such as advice from traditional healers or witchdoctors. Unfortunately, previous studies have indicated that the onset of most mental health problems is during adolescence, and this includes psychotic symptoms that are often manifested as psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to examine internalizing problems. PLEs were used to examine psychotic symptoms. Data were collected in 3 junior high schools in Karawang. A total of 270 adolescents (aged between 11 and 16years old) who live in the rural area in Karawang participated in this research. The study found that the prevalence of adolescents with at least 2 symptoms of PLEs was 7%. The result of the study indicated that there is no significant correlation between psychotic-like experiences and internalizing problems (r=.075, P=.22). PLEs significantly correlated with peer-relationship problems rather than with internalizing problems. Further investigation is needed to examine the factors that contribute to PLEs in rural settings.

Parental Attitudes toward Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Participation of Adolescent Daughters in a Rural Population

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States (US), and currently impacts approximately 80 million people. Approximately 14 million new individuals are infected with HPV annually, half of which are between the ages of 15-24. A survey was conducted among parents and guardians whose adolescent daughters attended a large local rural high school to determine factors associated with HPV vaccine participation. The majority of participants were African American (n=39, 90.7%). Most had completed at least a Bachelor’s degree (n=23, 55.5%); and the most frequently reported income level was between $30,001 and $50,000 (n=18, 41.9%). Most parents reported that their daughter had participated in the HPV vaccine (n=30, 70.0%). HPV vaccine participation was significantly associated with having an insurance plan that provided coverage for the HPV vaccination (Χ2=4.35, df=1, p<0.037), having easily accessible healthcare (Χ2=3.84, df=1, p<0.050), and having a physician recommend the vaccine (Χ2=14.00, df=1, p<0.001). Though not significant, a positive trend was found between increasing levels of household income and increased percentages of vaccine participation. Among those who reported that their daughters participated in HPV vaccination, 93.0% reported that that they did so to prevent cervical cancer. Among those who did not participate, the most often cited reasons were that the parents/guardians did not know about the availability of the vaccine, or they knew too little about the vaccine (46.2%). Other reasons were that parents/guardians perceived that their daughter was too young (15.4%), they thought the vaccine was too new (15.4%), or they thought the vaccine was not safe (23.0%). Results from this pilot study will be used to inform educational and policy decisions at the local level to improve parental knowledge and attitudes toward HPV vaccination, and to increase vaccine uptake among adolescents in rural areas who are of low socioeconomic status.

Отдельные результаты мониторинга потребления алкоголя подростками в Свердловской области

The results of monitoring of alcohol consumption by adolescents in rural areas of the Sverdlovsk region will allow to objectively assess the level of alcoholism, to identify the main motives of alcohol consumption and the age interval of their initiation to alcohol.

A comparative study on prevalence of anaemia among urban and rural adolescent high school girls of Davangere, Karnataka

Background: Adolescence is the formative period of life when the maximum amount of physical, psychological, and behavioural changes take place. During this stage the requirement of nutrition and micronutrients is relatively high. Therefore, adolescents, especially girls, particularly those between the ages of 12–15 years, are vulnerable to iron deficiency mainly because requirements are at a peak. This study was planned to highlight the problem of anaemia in adolescent females. The objectives were to study the prevalence and severity of anaemia among urban and rural adolescent high school girls and to compare the prevalence and severity of anaemia among urban and rural adolescent high school girls.Methods: A school based cross sectional study was done for a period of one year (December 1, 2014 to November 30, 2015) among 650 adolescent high school girls of Davangere city and field practice area of JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka. Colour scale for haemoglobin was used for Hb estimation. Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia was 84.46%; prevalence was more in rural area (96.88%) than urban area (72.42%). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anaemia is 53.69%, 17.54% and 13.23%. Overall the severity of anaemia was highest among rural adolescent high school girls compared to that of urban adolescent high school girls. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia was higher among rural girls compared to urban girls considering it to be a major health problem among the adolescents in rural areas.

Factores asociados al asma en los niños y adolescentes de la zona rural de Navarra (España)

ObjectivesTo determine the factors associated with asthma and asthma-related symptoms in children and adolescents in rural areas of Navarre (Spain). Participants and methodsA cross-sectional study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, as well as additional variables, was conducted on 797 children and adolescents. These provided prevalence data on asthma symptoms and associated factors without further diagnostic testing. LocationPrimary Care setting, through the basic health areas and in the corresponding education centres. Measurements and resultsThe prevalence of referred asthma is 11.7% in children, and 13.4% in adolescents. The prevalence in the female population is 13.7% and in males it is 11.3%. As for the related factors according to the values of OR, an OR=9.5 was found between wheezing and asthma, and an OR=3.5 between recent rhinitis and asthma. As regards recent wheezing, an OR=11.5 was found between awakenings due to wheezing and recent wheezing, and an OR=3.4 between recent rhinitis and wheezing. ConclusionsReferred asthma is a prevalent disease in children and adolescents in rural areas. It is more prevalent in adolescence and in the female population. Rhinitis and other asthma symptoms are related to asthma and wheezing, as well as the use of emergency services, in the case of asthma.

Risk factors affecting suicidal behaviors of adolescents in rural areas

Risk factors affecting suicidal behaviors of adolescents in rural areas

Nutrient intake of adolescents in rural area of Himachal Pradesh

Background: The nutrient requirements during adolescence are higher than at any other stage of life. Inadequate nutrient intake leads to poor growth, delayed sexual maturation, slow linear growth, anaemia and osteomalacia. Aim &amp;Objective: To assess the nutrient intake of adolescents in 13-15 years belonging to rural area of Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh. Material &amp; Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2014 - 2015 in rural area of Shimla district. Thirty clusters were identified using population proportionate to size sampling method. A total of 170 adolescents in the age group of 13-15 years studying in government schools were enrolled. Dietary assessment was done using 24h dietary recall method. Results: The percentage deficit in boys for calorie, iron, zinc and calcium intake was found 37.9%, 53.7%, 35.5% and 22.4% respectively as compared to Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The girls had percentage deficit for calorie, iron, zinc and calcium intake as 47.7%, 61.5%, 53.6%, and 43.6 % respectively as compared to RDA. Conclusion: The findings of present study indicate that the nutrient intake of adolescents aged 13-15 years was inadequate.

Incentives for Using Internet and Its Addiction among Adolescents in Rural Area in Tanta City, Egypt

Incentives for Using Internet and Its Addiction among Adolescents in Rural Area in Tanta City, Egypt

A Qualitative Examination of Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity for Rural Adolescents

ObjectivePhysical activity (PA) is important in childhood obesity prevention. Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory of Development posits that an individual's behavior is influenced by one's interactions with their environment. Interventions promoting PA in context of the environment for rural adolescents are needed. The objective of this qualitative study is to identify barriers and facilitators to PA among 6–8th grade adolescents in rural area.Study Setting and ParticipantsFour focus groups of 6th–8th grade adolescents and four focus groups of adults were conducted in a low‐income, rural community, South Dakota. A focus group moderator's guide for adolescent and adult was created by project team.Measures and AnalysisFocus group discussion were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo software (QSR International Pty Ltd. Version 10, 2012) to identify themes influencing PA and categorized into bioecological system of influence (microsystem = face‐to‐face interactions, mesosystem = connection between environments, exosystem = larger social systems, and macrosystem = policy/values of society). Multiple coding were conducted by three researchers to achieve the consensus on the summary of themes.ResultsAdolescents and adults identified barriers in that were reflective of the microsystem (lack of motivation and confidence, and competition from non‐physical activities) and exosystem (distance to the activities and lack of options that they like), but none in mesosystem. Facilitators in the microsystem were acceptance by peers, make the activity fun and prioritize as a family; mesosystem were more education for the activity by school or others; exosystem were better facilities; and macrosystem were more gender equal opportunities.Conclusions and ImplicationsRural adolescents desire greater skills and self‐confidence to complete the PA, acceptance by peers, and a greater variety of both competition and non‐competition activities. When developing programs to increase PA, it is important to include the adolescent perspective and direct programming at the appropriate environmental system of influence.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by the USDA/NIFA Grant #2012‐68001‐19619. Identified Adolescents' PA Barriers Using Bioecological Model Bioecological system of influence Youth focus group Adult focus group Microsystem Time + + Lack of motivation/dedication (e.g. lack of sense of belonging and influence from coach) + + Bullying + + Lack of ability/confidence + + Competition with other leisure activities (work, hobbies, homework, video games, TV) + + Lack of interest + Lack of students + Injuries or fear of injuries + Influences of friends + Parental requirements + Lack of knowledge + Personal Preference + Competition + Lack of family support + Exosystem Distance/location + + Lack of facilities + Lack of options + Climate + Lack of bike path + PA = physical activity; + denotes factors reported by focus group. Identified Adolescents' PA Facilitators Using Bioecological Model Bioecological system of influence Youth focus group Adult focus group Microsystem Mandatory PE class + + Acceptance (non‐bullying in sports) + Have fun + Prioritize as a family (i.e. parental reinforcement and need to prioritize) + Parenting modeling + Mesosystem Education (individual or group) + + Partnership (i.e. Parent‐Teacher and Parent‐Parent) + Exosystem Community fitness center (e.g. swimming pool) + + Non‐competitive activities + + More Extracurricular activities + + Community league sports + Build bike path + Challenges/programs + Macrosystem Gender equality + PA = physical activity; + denotes factors reported by focus group.

Rural–Urban Differences in Awareness and Use of Family Planning Services Among Adolescent Women in California

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare awareness and use of family planning services by rural and urban program site among a sample of adolescent women before participation in the federal Personal Responsibility Education Program in California. MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of survey data collected from youth before participation in California's Personal Responsibility Education Program. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for a sample of 4,614 females ages 14–18 years to compare awareness and use of family planning services between participants at rural and urban program sites, controlling for the program setting and participant demographic, sexual, and reproductive characteristics. ResultsOverall, 61% of participants had heard of a family planning provider in their community, and 24% had visited a family planning provider. Awareness and use of family planning services were lower among rural participants than urban participants. After adjusting for the program setting and participant characteristics, rural participants were less likely to know about a family planning provider in their community (odds ratio, .64; 95% confidence interval, .50–.81) or receive family planning services (odds ratio, .76; 95% confidence interval, .58–.99) than urban participants. ConclusionsFindings suggest that adolescents in rural areas face greater barriers to accessing family planning services than adolescents in urban areas. Targeted efforts to increase awareness and use of family planning services among adolescents in rural areas and among other underserved populations are needed.

A community-based friendly health clinic: An initiative adolescent reproductive health project in the rural and urban areas of Indonesia

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the effects of a community-based friendly health clinic (CFHC) program that adopts manual participatory learning (MPL) intervention on the adolescents living in the rural and urban areas of Indonesia to gain further insights into their knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to adolescent reproductive health (ARH). MethodsA quasi-experimental design was used to obtain information on the ARH knowledge, attitudes, and skills of adolescents. Two intervention studies that used similar protocols and measures were conducted. A total of 192 adolescents (96 adolescents from urban and rural areas) participated in the project, and the participants from each area were divided into eight groups. A questionairre was adopted to measure the ARH knowledge, attitudes, and skills of these participants. A content analysis of the logbook entries of these respondents was conducted to identify their ARH-related problems. The questionnairre and self-reported ARH data were collected before and after the eight-week program. ResultsThe CFHC program significantly increased the ARH attitudes (p = 0.045) and skills (p = 0.009) of adolescents in the rural area, but only improved the ARH knowledge (p < 0.001) of adolescents in both rural and urban areas. Fourteen themes were identified in three dominant categories, namely, schools, families, and communities. ConclusionsThe CFHC with MPL intervention can improve the ARH knowledge, attitudes, and skills of adolescents in the rural area, but can only improve the ARH knowledge of adolescents in the urban area. The ARH program must be designed based on the characterictics of these adolescents to improve their life skills during puberty.

Effectiveness of community health promotion targeting children and adolescents in rural areas

Background The objective of this study was to identify evidence of effectiveness of community health promotion actions aimed at children and youths. Methods A literature review was conducted following the manual ‘Aufbereitung von Evidenz zu Gesundheitsforderung’ (eng. ‘processing evidence of health promotion’) by Haas et al. 2013. Methods combined the approaches …

Currículo en los aprendizajes de los niños de la escuela rural: Garantía al Derecho a la Educación

&lt;p&gt;Tomando las palabras de Smith (1960), sociólogo rural, al señalar que la educación forma&lt;br /&gt;parte de las principales tareas de la sociedad, convirtiéndose en esa herramienta de esperanza;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;en Colombia durante los últimos años se ha aprobado una política educativa para la equidad&lt;br /&gt;social con la intencionalidad de ofrecer mejor educación a los niños y jóvenes de la zona rural&lt;br /&gt;del país. La educación en el sector urbano, como rural, entonces se ha convertido en una&lt;br /&gt;prioridad, y para que esta sea efectiva es necesario fortalecer el rol educativo del docente en&lt;br /&gt;su cualificación para que de esta manera se pueda potenciar en los estudiantes competencias y&lt;br /&gt;destrezas a partir de la construcción de currículos eficientes, en los que se pueda identificar la&lt;br /&gt;articulación de los diferentes criterios, planes de estudio, programas, metodologías y procesos&lt;br /&gt;que contribuyan a la formación integral de los sujetos.&lt;br /&gt;Este artículo permitirá una reflexión frente a la pertinencia del currículo de la escuela rural&lt;br /&gt;con la realidad que circunda al estudiante, en tiempo de globalización, sensible a las transformaciones&lt;br /&gt;que se requieran para comprender un mundo cambiante de hace algunas décadas.&lt;/p&gt;

Prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors: A cross-sectional study among rural adolescents in West Bengal, India.

Background and objectivesMalnutrition is a silent emergency and it is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescent throughout the world. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition among 10 to 17 years old adolescent and its association with socio-demographic factors.Design and settingThis community based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between May 2014 to April 2015 on 839 subjects.Subjects and methodsAnthropometric measures were measured in 560 adolescents in rural areas of West Bengal state, India, by using standard technique. Different socio-demographic variables were studied by questioner method.ResultsIn the present investigation, about 54% of adolescents were stunted and 49% were thin. The adolescents belonged to lower social class were significantly more likely to be stunted (OR = 2.68) and thin (OR = 2.44). Other variables like father's occupation, mother's education, economic status and sanitation showed significant and negative association with undernutrition. However, mother's working status showed significant and positive association with undernutrition. Adolescents of working mothers were more likely to be stunted and thin than those who do not worked outside of the home. The adolescents of women with higher education were less likely to be undernourished than adolescents of poor and uneducated women. Adolescents of nuclear families (family size <4) were more likely to be stunted and thin.ConclusionsPoverty is found to be an important factor of undernutrition among the adolescents. So there is a require to implement well-thought poverty reduction actions along with providing mass education regarding nutrition and health with a special focus on economically and socially deprived sections of the society.

Symbolization of mobile phone and life satisfaction among adolescents in rural areas of China: Mediating of school-related relationships

Mobile phone is popular among residents in rural areas of China, especially among the adolescents. The aim of the present research was to investigate how the attitude towards mobile phone as a social status symbol affected life satisfaction of adolescents living in rural areas of China. Teacher-student relationship and student-student relationship as important interpersonal relationship indicators of adolescents were included as mediator variables. Participants were 656 adolescents (316 girls, Mage = 14.43 ± 1.67 years), and they were surveyed on the attitude towards mobile phone as a social status symbol, teacher-student relationship, student-student relationship, and life satisfaction in the present research. Results showed that the attitude towards mobile phone as a social status symbol reduced life satisfaction. What's more, attitude towards mobile phone as a social status symbol could reduce life satisfaction via teacher-student relationship, as well as via teacher-student relationship and student-student relationship in sequence. We concluded that the attitude towards mobile phone as a social status symbol is a new risk factor of adolescents' development.

Clustering of behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among rural-based adolescents in south-west Nigeria.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the leading cause of deaths globally and the key associated risk factors - alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking and poor dietary patterns - are often initiated in adolescence. Co-existence of these risk factors further increase the risk for NCDs. Yet, very little is known about the pattern of co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among Nigerian adolescents, especially those in rural areas. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of clustering patterns of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among in-school adolescents in rural areas of Osun State, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study involved 476 adolescents recruited through multi-stage sampling across Osun State. Data were collected through a facilitated self-administered questionnaire with questions adapted from the Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) instrument. Data were analysed using Stata, with binary logistic regression used to identify determinants. The mean age of the respondents was 14.7±2.0 years and females constituted 50.2% of them. Among the respondents, 36.1% had reported consuming alcoholic drinks but no one met the criteria for harmful alcohol use, while 8.8% had ever smoked cigarettes and only one respondent (0.2%) was a current smoker. The prevalence of poor diet (89.5%) and physical inactivity (85.9%) was, however, high. Poor diet and physical inactivity co-occurred in 369 (77.5%) respondents, while one respondent (0.2%) had three risk factors (poor diet, physical inactivity and current smoking). Being in a senior secondary school class (odds ratio, OR=1.6; 95% confidence interval, C.I.=1.04-2.39) and living with parents (OR=0.53; 0.33-0.90) were significantly associated with clustering of NCD behavioural risk factors. The prevalence of clustering of modifiable risk factors for NCDs was high among rural-based in-school adolescents in south-west Nigeria, and there is a need to mount effective interventions. Findings from this study have the potential to inform effective school-based NCD control programmes.

Prevalence of depression amongst adolescents in rural area of South India – a school based cross sectional study

Introduction:Depression is common in adolescents and especially in high school students and is one of the most frequent mental disorders among teenagers. Depression in adolescents is an under recognized mental health problem because they remain indecisive to disclose their feelings and seldom seek psychiatric help. One of the factors that make depression so difficult to diagnose in adolescents is the common behavioural changes that are normally associated with the hormonal changes of this period. It has only been in recent years that the medical community has acknowledged childhood depression and viewed it as a condition which requires intervention. Materials and Methods:Aschool based cross-sectional study among adolescents was conducted by using self-administered structured “Patient Health Questionnaire-9 modified for Adolescents (PHQ-A) questionnaire” in rural field practice area of A.J.Instituteof Medical Sciences & Research Center, Mangaluru. Results:Total 284 students participated in the study and prevalence of depression was 49%. Prevalence of depression increased with age (p-value:0.001) and was higher among females (p-value:0.02). Discussion:Prevalence of depression in this study matched with other studies conducted in India. Majority of the students suffered from mild depression which indicates early diagnosis is crucial in prevention of progression to moderate and severe forms of depression. Conclusion:Prevalence of depression among adolescents is high. There is an urgent need for incorporation of simple screening methods for depression in school health program.

‘Our only resource’: Perspectives and Recommendations of Rural African American Youth on Adapting Sexual Health and Risk Reduction Interventions

Recent studies have documented disproportionately high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and births among adolescents in rural areas of the United States. Despite this, the majority of sexual health education programs and interventions were developed for adolescents in metropolitan areas, and may not be appropriate or relevant for rural youth. The present study investigates the perspectives of 73 African American youth in rural Georgia who participated in a cognitive-behavioral intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors, in an effort to understand how the intervention and ones similar to it may be tailored to better meet the needs of rural adolescents. Findings highlight the importance of incorporating diverse teaching and recruitment strategies into interventions when delivering them to rural youth, as well as the need to expand education and risk reduction efforts. Additional research is warranted to understand better how to meet the sexual health education needs of rural youth.

Longitudinal adolescent studies in Mainland China: review and reflection

AbstractLongitudinal studies are important for understanding adolescent development. In this study, eight examples of longitudinal adolescent research in different fields in Mainland China were examined. The review showed that longitudinal studies in Mainland China were grossly inadequate. There were also few studies on adolescent life satisfaction, sensitive developmental issues (such as sexuality and suicide) and program evaluation. Panel study was the dominant longitudinal design but most of them did not have many time points for data collection. Most studies were based on convenience sampling and some adolescent sub-populations, while adolescents in rural areas and those with disabilities were not adequately covered. Finally, most of the tools used were self-report measures and validated measures are desperately needed.