Adolescent Self Research Articles

Influence of peers' actual appraisals on moral self-representations of Chinese adolescents.

Adolescence is a vital period of developing a moral self. As individuals enter adolescence, peers become increasingly important to them. This study aimed to explore the influence of peers' actual appraisals on moral self-representations. Based on Looking Glass Self Hypothesis, peers' reflected appraisals usually have a mediating effect on peers' actual appraisals and self-appraisals. This study used the Chinese Moral Trait Words Rating Scale to investigate 160 dyads of Chinese adolescents (12–14 years old). The participants filled in the Self-Appraisals Questionnaire, Peers' Reflected Appraisals Questionnaire, and Peers' Actual Appraisals Questionnaire, respectively. The results showed that: (a) peers' actual appraisals indirectly affected self-appraisals through peers' reflected appraisals in the process of forming the moral self of early Chinese adolescents; (b) Chinese adolescents had a certain accuracy in peers' actual appraisals, but often underestimated their peers' actual appraisals of them. This study was conducive to understanding the influence of peers on forming adolescents' moral self in the context of collectivistic culture.

Perilaku Seksual Berisiko serta Kaitannya dengan Keyakinan Diri Remaja untuk Mencegah: Studi Deskriptif

Background: The misuse of media or technology (smartphones, internet) to access various information including pornographic sites can increase adolescents to engage in sexual activity because adolescents continue to feel challenged to do so in real life.Objective: Describe risky sexual behavior and its relation to adolescent self-efficacy to prevent itMethod: The method used in this research is descriptive analytic conducted online by distributing questionnaire links to prospective respondents. The data analysis process used the Pearson testResults and Discussion: There is an increase in the number of incidents of risky sexual behavior, 39% of adolescents are not at risk, 8.1% are low risk, 27.7% are at moderate risk and 25.2% are at high risk. The majority of adolescents have the confidence to prevent risky sexual behavior by 64.8%. Furthermore, the results found that there was a significant relationship between risky sexual behavior and adolescent self- efficacy with a p value of 0.005.Conclusion: The increasing number of cases of risky sexual behavior can be of particular concern for all of us, especially health workers, to be able to develop educational program methods for adolescents, considering that this age is the nation's successor. Keywords: adolescent; risky sexual behavior; self- efficacy

CHINA’S EXPERIENCE IN THE RULE OF LAW AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC EMOTION AND BEHAVIOR IN EPIDEMIC PREVENTION AND CONTROL

BackgroundChina implements a comprehensive strategy of rule of law. In December 2019, some unexplained cases of pneumonia were found in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Declared the fight against coronavirus disease in 2019. In this struggle, the rule of law should also be used in the prevention and control of coronavirus diseases. And constantly committed to improving public anxiety and behavior.Research Objects and MethodsIn order to understand how China applies the rule of law in epidemic prevention and control and its benefits, this paper uses the method of literature research to study how China applies the rule of law in epidemic prevention and control before the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak. There are four epidemic prevention stages from the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak (December 2019) to November 20211. Articles provided for the study include laws, regulations, government documents, news from national media and other official sources. In order to test the influence of emotional behavior, 60 subjects were used in this study. The stressful life events scale was the adolescent self rating life events check list (ASLEC) compiled by Liu Xianchen. The scale consists of 27 items, and the six dimensions are interpersonal relationship, academic stress, punishment, loss, health adaptation and others. It measures the life events that have brought stress to the subjects in the past six months. The scale adopts Likert 6-point scoring method, and 0 ~ 5 points represent “no occurrence, no influence” to “occurrence and extremely serious influence”. Add the scores of all items. The higher the score, the more stressful life events. Internal consistency of life event scale α The coefficient is 0.876. Pearson correlation, standard deviation and statistical significance were used to illustrate the correlation. Independent sample t-test was used to verify the difference between high anxiety group and low anxiety group. According to the statistical value of anxiety, participants were divided into three groups: low, medium and high anxiety groups. The questionnaire includes two kinds of anxiety, namely debilitating anxiety and promoting anxiety. The relationship between anxiety and self-efficacy of students of different majors and genders was investigated by t-test, univariate, multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis.ResultsThe research shows that before the outbreak of coronavirus disease in 2019, China's epidemic prevention legal system has laid a solid foundation for combating coronavirus disease in 2019. In the four different stages of epidemic prevention and control, the rule of law lies in the prevention, treatment and control of coronavirus diseases and the punishment of illegal and criminal acts. The political and legal departments also participated in the epidemic prevention and control work together with front-line staff. In addition, the rule of law plays an important role in recovery operations. Public legal services and typical cases guide relevant departments to restore service companies. The public convenience services of the judiciary help people quickly resolve disputes without violating the epidemic prevention and control. In view of the deficiency of epidemic prevention and control, it has improved China's public health legal system and blocked the loopholes in the criminal law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the criminal law). Due to the complexity of coronavirus disease, people were afraid from the beginning. However, the effective application of law and penalty enhances people's confidence in prevention and control. However, there is no public psychological service law in China. The rule of law has supported the decisive achievements of the fight against the novel coronavirus, stabilized social order, and enhanced people's confidence in this fight.ConclusionBefore and after the outbreak of coronavirus disease in 2019, the rule of law is very important for epidemic prevention and control. The rule of law not only helps to eliminate the virus, but also pays attention to the recovery action after the epidemic and new problems in epidemic prevention and control. The main work of the rule of law will change with the development of the epidemic. The application of law or penalty can appease people afterwards, but it is more important to establish a legal system of public psychological services. But what will not change is that epidemic prevention and control should follow the road of the rule of law. In short, the government should be fully aware of the importance of people's emotional factors. Actively improve the surrounding environment, enhance their respective roles, pay special attention to their own standardized language and behavior, and shift from single display to multi-dimensional management, coordination and cooperation. In the process of prevention and control, actively present personalized psychological state to patients, flexibly organize epidemic prevention activities, strive to create a relaxed and harmonious rehabilitation atmosphere, create a friendly and mutual emotional treatment relationship, encourage and guide more, and truly achieve people-oriented, so as to reduce anxiety and adjust the public psychology to the best state.

Pengaruh Keterlibatan Ayah Dalam Pengasuhan Terhadap Konsep Diri Remaja di Masyarakat Batak

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of father involvement in parenting on adolescent self- concept in the Batak Toba community in Untemungkur II Village. The hypothesis is that there is a positive influence between father's involvement in parenting on self-concept. The subjects of this study were teenagers aged 12-20 years in Untemungkur II Village as many as 70 people. The method of data analysis is a simple linear regression test. The results of the research, the t-count coefficient is 5.655, with a significance value of pp 0.01, then the hypothesis in this study is accepted, in the sense that there is an influence of father's involvement with self-concept, with the magnitude of the influence in linear form can be written as follows: y = 42,292 + 0.516* (X). This means that the magnitude of the influence of father's involvement on self-concept is 42.808.

Maternal self-efficacy and emotional well-being in Chilean adolescent mothers: the relationship with their children's social-emotional development.

BackgroundLow maternal self-efficacy and high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress can be triggered in adolescent mothers due to an incomplete development process that makes them physically or psychologically unprepared for the responsibilities of motherhood and parenting. These factors may be linked to difficulties with their children’s social-emotional development. The present study aims to: (a) analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and stress, depression, and anxiety levels in low-income adolescent mothers; (b) examine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and well-being with children’s social-emotional development; and (c) describe the effects of maternal self-efficacy on children’s social-emotional development, mediated by maternal well-being.MethodsA sample of 79 dyads comprising low-income Chilean adolescent mothers aged from 15 to 21 years old (M = 19.1, SD = 1.66) and their children aged 10 to 24 months (M = 15.5, SD = 4.2) participated in this research. A set of psychometric scales was used to measure maternal self-efficacy (Parental Evaluation Scale, EEP), the mothers’ anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), maternal stress (Parental Stress Scale, PSS), and the children’s social-emotional development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Socio-emotional, ASQ-SE). Bivariate analyses and mediation models were employed to estimate and test the relevant relationships.ResultsA bivariate analysis showed that maternal self-efficacy was negatively related to the mother’s anxiety, depression, and stress. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between maternal self-efficacy and maternal stress, and children’s self-regulation and social-emotional development. Maternal self-efficacy, mediated by maternal anxiety, depression, and stress scores, had a significant effect on the development of children’s self-regulation.ConclusionsThe results confirm the importance of adolescent mothers’ emotional well-being and maternal self- efficacy with respect to their children’s social-emotional development. This makes it necessary to have detailed information about how emotional and self-perception status influences a mother’s role in the development of her children.

Sociological Accounts of Donor Siblings' Experiences: Their Importance for Self-Identity and New Kinship Relations.

A fundamental part of the adolescent self is formed through interaction with intimates, usually family members whose roles are reasonably well-defined. However, donor siblings—children who share a sperm donor—lack social scripts for interacting with one another, particularly when they are raised in different households. Moreover, they are often challenged to figure out their relationship to newly discovered genetic relatives. This article examines how donor-conceived teens and young adults navigate relationships with their half siblings and form intimate relationships. Drawing on Garfinkel’s concept of indexing, or the use of familiar categories to make sense of new situations, these youth rely upon their personal knowledge of friends and family to figure out what kinds of relationship they can develop with donor siblings. Based on interviews with 62 youth aged 14–28, who had their own social media accounts and who had chosen to establish contact with their donor siblings, the articles discusses the three stages most donor siblings go through—“anticipation”, “first contact”, and “relationship building”—and the way those stages shape individual identity formation. In the course of the analysis, the article also explores whether interaction with donor siblings affected individual’s sense of identity and whether feelings of closeness with donor siblings differ for youth raised as solo children versus those who have siblings with whom they share a household. For those who report feeling close, youth describe how intimacy is sustained and negotiated at a distance. Finally, as much as youth pick and choose intimates from their larger network, the article also argues that their collective identity as related-kin members remains.

Hubungan Kedekatan Keluarga dengan Konsep Diri Remaja Putri di Panti Asuhan Al Islam, Sleman, Yogyakarta

Adolescene is a critical period of development. Adolescents face a period of searching for answers to questions about themselves. So that adolescence is an important period in the formation of self concept. Parents are the earliest social contact experienced by a person and the most powerful in the formation of self concept. However, some teenagers are faced with the choice of having to separate from their families and live in orphanages. Several psychological problems are experienced by adolescents who live in orphanages so that it will affect the process of forming adolescent self concepts. This study aims to determine the relationship between the closeness of parents with the self concept of young women with the type of research that is observational analytic with cross sectional study design. The number of samples as many as 18 people with a sampling technique that is total sampling. Sampling using a questionnaire and data analysis using the chi square test. The result of this study indicate that self concept and family closeness in the good category is 61,1 %. However, the results of data analysis showed that there was no relationship between family closeness and self concept (0,24). It is hoped that the young women of the orphanage can socialize and easily get along with the environment in order to further increase their self confidence so that their self concept will be better.

Facilitative Parenting of Adolescent Self Disclosure

This study aims to find out empirically whether there is a relationship between facilitative parenting and adolescent self-disclosure. The hypothesis used is that there is a positive relationship between facilitative parenting and adolescent self-disclosure. Where the higher the level of concern, the higher the level of self-disclosure of adolescents when they are high and concern is low, the lower the self-disclosure of adolescents. The research subjects were students living with their parents, female and male and aged 15-18 years. The number of research subjects was 82 people, consisting of 35 women and 27 men. The adolescent self-disclosure scale that based on the theory of Buhrmester & Prager in Bauminger (2008). Parenting scale based on theory and Grolnick (2009). Method of data analysis using product moment correlation technique. The results of the analysis have a normal data distribution with a linear correlation. While the correlation coefficient between maternal parenting and adolescent self-disclosure to mothers is 0.494 and p = 0.000 (p <0.05) with an effective contribution of 0.244. While the father's self-disclosure analysis obtained the results of 0.727 and p = 0.000 (p <0.05) with an effective contribution of 0.529

INFLUENCE OF ATTACHMENT STYLES ON ESTABLISHMENT OF ADOLESCENTS’ SELF ESTEEM AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM BLENDED FAMILIES IN KIAMBU COUNTY

Attachment styles adopted by parents are essential in development of adolescent psychosocial wellbeing. This phenomenon is more profound in blended families where there are multiple relationships that can lead to many challenges. However, with appropriate attachment styles adopted by step parents such challenges can be mitigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of attachment styles on adolescents’ self-esteem among secondary school students from blended family in Kiambu County, Kenya. Attachment theory by Bowlby guided this study. The study adopted a mixed method approach, descriptive causal effect design and pragmatic paradigm to guide the study. Multi-stage sampling method and inclusive /exclusive criteria were used. Firstly the study adopted survey method as the sampling technique because the total population of adolescents that came from blended families was unknown. Simple random sampling was used to select 9 schools and also determine the 5 classes to be sampled in each of these schools. The 5 classes had a population of 55 students each. A short questionnaire with demographic data of students was issued to all the students (2475) in a bid to elicit the adolescents from the said classes that came from blended families in the 9 schools. A total number of 208 adolescents from blended families in the 9 schools was elicited and this was considered a sufficient sample size. In addition, simple random sampling was used to sample 24 respondents to form 4 focus groups while purposive sampling was used to sample 4 counsellors from 9 schools for in-depth interview. Data was collected using questionnaires, counsellors’ interview schedule and focus group discussions. Inventory for Parent and Peer Attachment Scale and Rosenberg Scales were used as measuring tools. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics, statistical assumption tests, correlation tests- T- test and ANOVA analysis while qualitative data was analysed by use of narrative analysis. Findings were presented in form of tables while interview data was presented in narrative form. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the National Council for Science and Technology, the Kiambu County Government, Ethical approval was sought from accredited IERC (Institutional Ethics Review Committee) as well as a written informed consent from the school administration. Results indicated that attachment styles adopted by step parents influence the establishment of adolescent self- esteem. The study will benefit Ministry of Education, counsellors, parents, families and society.

Influence of cosmetic advertisements on self and social identity of adolescents: What needs to be done?

Self-identity is defined as a “stable and prominent aspect of ones’ self-perception”. It is formed based on personal and social interaction. Self-identity is the psychological determinant of intentions, attitudes, individual norms, and perceived control over behavior. A positive self-identity promotes positive intentions, attitudes, and behavior and vice versa.

Self and parent-reported sleep problems of adolescents with childhood conduct problems and comorbid psychological problems

IntroductionChildhood conduct problems (CP) are characterized by maladaptive externalizing behaviors and are linked with poor sleep. CP are highly comorbid with other psychological problems, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression, which are also associated with disturbed sleep. The present study examined if childhood CP and comorbid depressive and/or attentional-hyperactivity problems were prospectively associated with parent and self-reported sleep difficulties in adolescence. MethodsParticipants (N = 744; 53% boys) from an ongoing longitudinal study in Québec, Canada were assessed for CP and comorbidities when they were between 6 and 9 years old. Participants were classified as without CP, CP only, CP and depressive symptoms, CP and attention-hyperactivity problems, or CP, depressive symptoms, and attention-hyperactivity problems. Regressions were conducted to examine the associations between comorbidity groups, parent, and self-reported sleep problems 7 years later (Median age = 15.33 years), controlling for sex, age, family income, primary caregiver education and medication. ResultsAdolescents in all CP groups had higher self and parent-reported sleep problems compared to adolescents without histories of CP. Adolescents with histories of CP, depressive symptoms and attention-hyperactivity problems had more sleep problems than all other groups according to self-reports, but not parent-reports. ConclusionChildhood CP was prospectively linked to sleep problems in adolescence, and comorbid conditions exacerbated these problems, according to youth but not parents.

SELF-CONCEPT AND SELF DISCLOSURE OF TEENAGER BROKEN HOME

In the condition of broken home family especially for a teenager there are many concepts that are classified negatively with their own causative factors one of them is having a family that is not harmonious. During this transition from childhood to adulthood that the concept began to form. Self- concept is our own beliefs and self-perception. and a teenager's ability to communicate interpersonally also affects self-opening. The purpose of this research is to find out the picture of self- concept and self disclosure of broken home adolescents. The method used was qualitatively descriptive with in-depth interviews of six broken home teens with different foster patterns. The results showed that teenagers from broken home families had positive and negative self-concepts. Positive self-concepts have traits: feeling disliked by others, feeling hopeless and doing negative things. Negative self-concepts have traits: tend to feel disliked by others, experience barriers to interacting with their social environment, feel hopeless/negative, and unable to control themselves in the midst of conflict. While in self disclosure broken home teenagers tend to have an open and closed attitude. Characteristics of self disclosure open attitude include: assessing messages objectively and being able to distinguish easily and see nuances. While the characteristics of a closed attitude include: assessing messages based on personal motives, more on the source of the message than the content of the message, and teaching information about other people's beliefs from the source itself. For further research can explore the social influence on the formation of broken home adolescent self concept using the theory of social communication psychology.

HIV-Related Stigma and Psychological Adjustment Among Perinatally HIV-Infected Youth in Cape Town, South Africa.

The effect of chronic HIV-infection on psychological adjustment, including the impact of HIV-related stigma in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) youth across Africa is largely unknown. This study examined psychological adjustment and HIV-related stigma using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and a 10-item stigma questionnaire in a cohort of PHIV+ youth in Cape Town, South Africa. The relationships between SDQ scores, elevated viral load, and suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence were also explored. Among 473 PHIV+ youth (aged 9-14years, on ART > 6months at enrollment), higher perceived HIV-related stigma was associated with higher scores across all adolescent and caregiver-reported SDQ difficulty subscales. Higher socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with lower scores on adolescent self- and caregiver-reported hyperactivity subscales. Higher adolescent-reported prosocial scores were associated with lower odds of self-reported suboptimal ART adherence, and higher caregiver-reported conduct scores were associated with higher odds of elevated viral load. No associations were observed between perceived HIV-related stigma and treatment outcomes. These findings highlight the potentially detrimental impact of perceived stigma on psychological adjustment in PHIV+ youth. The use of psychosocial metrics and interventions aimed at reducing illness related stigma in PHIV+ youth is also considered.

Peran Father Involvement terhadap Self Esteem Remaja

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of fathers involvement in parenting towards the development of self esteem in adolescents. This research used quantitative method with purposive sampling technique. The participants were 149 adolescents who live with the their fathers. This study used self esteem scale by Rosenberg and father involvement scale which was developed by researcher based on the theory of Goncy and Van Dullman. The data analysis result using regression test shows that the contribution of the role of the father involvement on adolescent's self esteem is 38%, while the other 62% was caused by other factors. This finding indicate that the greater role of father in parenting, the higher self esteem. This study hopefully can increase father’s awareness and brings new pattern of family parenting about their roles that not only in economic but also for the psychological effect, especially self esteem.

Estimated Prevalence of Unreported IGD Cases in Routine Outpatient Children and Adolescent Psychotherapy.

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been included in the DSM-5 as a diagnosis for further study, and Gaming Disorder as a new diagnosis in the ICD-11. Nonetheless, little is known about the clinical prevalence of IGD in children and adolescents. Additionally, it is unclear if patients with IGD are already identified in routine psychotherapy, using the ICD-10 diagnosis F 63.8 (recommended classification of IGD in ICD-10). This study investigated N = 358 children and adolescents (self and parental rating) of an outpatient psychotherapy centre in Germany using the Video Game Dependency Scale. According to self-report 4.0% of the 11- to 17-year-old patients met criteria for a tentative IGD diagnosis and 14.0% according to the parental report. Of the 5- to 10-year-old patients, 4.1% were diagnosed with tentative IGD according to parental report. Patients meeting IGD criteria were most frequently diagnosed with hyperkinetic disorders, followed by anxiety disorders, F 63.8, conduct disorders, mood disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders (descending order) as primary clinical diagnoses. Consequently, this study indicates that a significant amount of the clinical population presents IGD. Meaning, appropriate diagnostics should be included in routine psychological diagnostics in order to avoid “hidden” cases of IGD in the future.

A Winter in Bath, 1796-97: Life Writing and the Irish Adolescent Self

The diary form affords multiple generations of women with a vehicle for expressing themselves, and is particularly germane to younger writers, developing a voice, and shaping a sense of self as they emerge from childhood. Charting her travels from Ireland to Bath, the manuscript diary (1796–97) of Charity Lecky is exceptionally useful in exploring intersections with other genres, particularly the novel, while also affording us with an adolescent’s observations on life, and on Bath as international marriage market. The categories of youth, gender, and nation all play strong roles in Charity’s evolving sense of self, and enable us to explore these intersections and how they can inform a young person’s sense of worth. Frequently dismissed by male contemporaries as preoccupied only with balls and marriage prospects, the voices of such figures were repeatedly marginalised. This article prioritises both these voices and the diary form itself, and fuses their legitimate interest in courtship with a concern and fascination with national identity, recognising the value of young women’s opinions, and demonstrating how we might better understand the evolution of personal identities through inclusion of such source material.

Self and parent-reported sleep difficulties of adolescents with childhood conduct problems and comorbid psychological problems

Introduction Children with conduct problems (CP) exhibit problematic externalizing behaviors that violate the rights of others and/or societal norms, are likely to present with comorbid psychological problems, engage in high-risk behaviours during adolescence and in turn, display poorer prospective health in adulthood. However, little known about their adolescent quotidian behaviors, such as their sleep behaviours, which may contribute to these poorer outcomes.ObjectivesUsing a sample designed to assess the longitudinal consequences of CP, the current study examines how histories of CP and comorbidity with depressive symptoms and/or attention-hyperactivity problems are associated with sleep difficulties during adolescence.Methods744 participants from an ongoing longitudinal study in Québec, Canada were assessed for CP and comorbidities when they were 6 to 10-years-old. They were classified as without CP, CP only, CP and depressive symptoms, CP and attention-hyperactivity problems, or CP, depressive symptoms and attention-hyperactivity problems based on parent and teacher-reported indices. Sleep difficulties were assessed 7 years later, using self and parent-reported indices. Regression analyses controlling for sex, age, family income, maternal education and medications were conducted.Resultsdemonstrated that youth and parents from all CP groups reported more sleep difficulties than youth without histories of CP. Participants from the CP, depressive symptoms and attention-hyperactivity problem group reported more sleep difficulty than all other groups, while their parents did not.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that histories of CP, regardless of comorbidity, predispose youth to future sleep difficulties and highlight the importance of incorporating self and parental indices of sleep as well as examining the effect of comorbidity.

Transactional associations among adolescents' depressive symptoms and self- and friend-reported friendship experiences

Despite theoretical propositions regarding the transactional interplay between depressive symptoms and friendship experiences (e.g., Coyne, 1976), few studies have tested interpersonal theories of depression in adolescence. The current study used cross-lagged panel models to test longitudina, reciprocal associations of adolescents' depressive symptoms with self- and friend-reported positive friendship quality, conflict, and detachment over 3 time points spanning 6 months in a community sample (N = 186; 69.9% female; 87.6% White; Mage = 15.68 years). Gender and age differences were also considered. Results support theories positing both friendship- and symptom-driven change for associations between depressive symptoms and positive quality, whereas detachment predicted a cycle of increased depressive symptoms and later increased detachment. Moreover, only adolescents' (not friends') perceptions of friendship were linked with adolescents' depressive symptoms. Implications for future research on interpersonal theories of depression and for intervention efforts to reduce depressive symptoms and support adolescents' relationships are discussed.

Oι θετικές ψευδαισθήσεις για τον εαυτό και η ριψοκίνδυνη συμπεριφορά στην εφηβεία: Ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας

The objective of this study is, through the relevant literature review, to point out the associations between risk-taking behavior during adolescence and positive illusions about the self, that is imaginary audience and personal fable ideations. Positive illusions about the self and risky behavior in adolescence are usually investigated as a direct result of adolescent egocentrism. in this study we briefly describe the main theoretical approaches of positive illusions about the self. Moreover, research findings are presented on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between positive illusions about the self (mainly personal fable) and risk-taking in adolescence. also, we discuss age and gender effects on the complex phenomenon of risk-taking and we focus on adaptive developmental functions of positive illusions about the self. in particular, we focus on the dual function of the personal fable ideation: the illusions of omnipotence and invulnerability either lead adolescents and young adults to risk-taking, or they contribute both to a positive self-image projection in the future and to individuals’ functional adaptation to new situations in their transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Permisif Dengan Kepercayaan Diri Remaja

Confidence is a condition about a person's beliefs that look at him positively and can reach something he wants without any doubt. This study aims to determine the relationship between permissive parenting with adolescent self confidence in SMP Negeri 35 Bandar Lampung. The hypothesis proposed in this study is that there is a relationship between permissive parenting with adolescent self confidence in SMP Negeri 35 Bandar Lampung. The subjects of this study were adolescents of class VIII at SMP Negeri 35 Bandar Lampung in the academic year 2019/2020, taken using a purposive sampling technique. This study uses a data collection method in the form of a psychological scale, namely a confidence scale of 31 items (α = 0.889) and a permissive parenting scale of 30 items (0.929). The collected data were analyzed using the product moment analysis technique from Karl Pearson assisted with SPSS 22.0 for windows. The results of data analysis showed that rxy = 0,600 with p = 0,000 (p 0.01). This shows that there is a very significant relationship between permissive parenting with adolescent self-confidence, so that the hypothesis is accepted. These results make an effective contribution of 0.360 or 36%. In other words, the permissive parenting variable contributed 36% effectiveness to the variable confidence.Keywords: Self Confidence, and Permissive Parenting