Adolescent Mental Disorders Research Articles

Effects of Client Confidentiality on Adolescents’ Willingness to Attend Therapy

Adolescent mental health disorders are very prevalent and have a direct impact on their daily lives. Previous research has identified the importance of client confidentiality and adolescents’ lack of willingness to attend therapy, but they have not been directly compared. This absence of this correlation led this research to question: To what extent does the lack of client confidentiality lead high school students to abstain from receiving necessary psychotherapy treatment? In conducting this research, a survey was sent to high schoolers and an interview with a practicing therapist was conducted. The information gathered was then analyzed using the correlational and descriptive methods. It was established that there was a positive correlation between the two variables and that an increase in the promise of client confidentiality for high schoolers would lead to an increased willingness to attend therapy. The results of this study could be applied by therapists to make therapy more appealing and welcoming to adolescents, allowing them to have an outlet to share their struggles and receive professional help.

Battling The Social Stigma Of Mental Illnesses In Pakistan; What Needs To Be Done?

Dear madam, Awareness of mental disorders in adolescents is becoming increasingly important in global health and safety concerns, where anxiety disorders play an important role. Mental illnesses, also known as mental health disorders, refer to various mental health conditions that affect mood, thoughts, and behaviour. Examples of mental illnesses include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addictive behaviours [1]. Early diagnosis is the key to proper management of these conditions. Over 20 million Pakistanis (10% of the country's population) suffer from mental illness [2]. However, the disorders are not investigated due to the reluctance of patients to visit doctors and psychiatrists, which is attached to the social stigma and cultural barriers to mental health in Pakistan, thereby delaying the diagnosis. Like other South Asian societies where mental illnesses are thought to be linked to supernatural and religious phenomena [3], Pakistan’s predominantly conservative and orthodox communities are also dominated by similar beliefs. . A person with emotional symptoms is seen as a sign of weak faith. In traditional societies, mental illnesses are sometimes viewed as a result of social or moral transgression and is thought of as divine punishment, demonic possession, or witchcraft [4] [3]. The mentally ill are also perceived as dangerous, crazy, and incapable of friendship. This belief might also cause more social distancing and contribute to stigmatizing attitudes and stereotyping. When living in a society with these perceptions, the mentally ill often face shame and social exclusion [5]. The social impact of this stigma affects patients and threatens the entire social status of their families [5]. The fact that one's beliefs, religion, and morality are separate from their health must be embedded in society. The best way to spread this idea is through social media, mass media and awareness campaigns. Radio and television should popularize this idea and also educate people about the warning signs and symptoms of mental illnesses, such as lack of concentration to do something and feelings of invalid fear. Awareness campaigns should be targeted at rural areas where both education and medical care lack. Public presentations and discussions should be encouraged and promoted to increase awareness. Healthcare students as well as well as professionals should be enlightened of the importance of this field and encouraged to pursue their education in it. The social stigma associated with mental illnesses must be addressed and considered. ---Continue

Neurodevelopmental risk and adaptation as a model for comorbidity among internalizing and externalizing disorders: genomics and cell-specific expression enriched morphometric study

BackgroundComorbidity is the rule rather than the exception for childhood and adolescent onset mental disorders, but we cannot predict its occurrence and do not know the neural mechanisms underlying comorbidity. We investigate if the effects of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders on anatomical differences represent a simple aggregate of the effects on each disorder and if these comorbidity-associated cortical surface differences relate to a distinct genetic underpinning.MethodsWe studied the cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (CT) of 11,878 preadolescents (9–10 years) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Linear mixed models were implemented in comparative and association analyses among internalizing (dysthymia, major depressive disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder), externalizing (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder) diagnostic groups, a group with comorbidity of the two and a healthy control group. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and cell type specificity analysis were performed on 4468 unrelated European participants from this cohort.ResultsSmaller cortical surface area but higher thickness was noted across patient groups when compared to controls. Children with comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders had more pronounced areal reduction than those without comorbidity, indicating an additive burden. In contrast, cortical thickness had a non-linear effect with comorbidity: the comorbid group had no significant CT differences, while those patient groups without comorbidity had significantly higher thickness compare to healthy controls. Distinct biological pathways were implicated in regional SA and CT differences. Specifically, CT differences were associated with immune-related processes implicating astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, while SA-related differences related mainly to inhibitory neurons.ConclusionThe emergence of comorbidity across distinct clusters of psychopathology is unlikely to be due to a simple additive neurobiological effect alone. Distinct developmental risk moderated by immune-related adaptation processes, with unique genetic and cell-specific factors, may contribute to underlying SA and CT differences. Children with the highest risk but lowest resilience, both captured in their developmental morphometry, may develop a comorbid illness pattern.

Quick participatory estimation: a necessary tool for planning in a family health strategy

Introduction: Participatory Rapid Estimation (PRE) is a tool that allows us to know the real needs of the population, as well as to experience the health situation. In addition, it makes it possible to identify and seek the necessary changes in the work processes of the territory to face problems. Objective: To obtain a situational diagnosis of the area covered by the family health strategy based on the ERP. Methodology: The information for the ERP was collected by filling out a questionnaire answered by users and health staff with questions about the community, health problems and the functioning of health services, including access and work process. Secondary sociodemographic data from the municipal database and the Ministry of Health's e-SUS medical record were also analyzed. The systematization of the data supported the elaboration of the situational strategic planning (PES). Results and Discussion: Several weaknesses were found, such as the geography of the area being predominated by hills, pointed out as a limiting factor to access to the ESF, the increase in the incidence of mental disorders in adolescents and the significant increase in users with NCDs and neoplasms in adults and the elderly, including the distribution of age groups in the territory signaling a reality not found nationally, as it presents an inverse pyramid showing that most of our users are elderly and adults. In addition to difficulties in the work process, there was also a lack of information on gender and sexual orientation issues for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other (LGBTQIA+) population, which should be questioned during user registration. Knowing that the lack of data collection implies the estimation of this population in the face of public policies, it is necessary to overcome this flaw through permanent education with CHWs. The social vulnerabilities of the community are notorious (unemployment, food quality and access to medications outside the SUS). Final Considerations: Based on the ERP, we recognized the territory's coverage area, as well as identified organizational problems, user access and actions that can be enhanced in the ESF's area of activity.

An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Nomophobia and Comorbid Mental Disorders in Adolescents

An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Nomophobia and Comorbid Mental Disorders in Adolescents

Adolescent Perception and Attitude Toward Mental Disorders: A Survey Among Adolescents in an Urban Area in The Federal Capital Territory, Abuja

Adolescent Perception and Attitude Toward Mental Disorders: A Survey Among Adolescents in an Urban Area in The Federal Capital Territory, Abuja

Smartphones addiction and mental-emotional disorders among adolescents : A cross sectional study

Background: A smartphone is a communication tool designed to be used for a variety of applications. Excessive usage of smartphones can cause addiction, especially in adolescents. Because of this, adolescents can experience emotional-mental disorders caused by smartphone addiction.Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and emotional-mental disorders.Methods: This study had a quantitative research using a cross sectional study design. Smartphone addiction was measured using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) instrument, while mental emotional disorder was measured using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) instrument.The sample size of this study was 103 adolescents. Samples were taken by simple random sampling and analyzed by chi-square.Results: The results of this study show that there is a relationship between smartphone addiction and emotional and mental disorders in adolescents with p-value 0.02.Conclusion: More support is needed from various parties to prevent adolescents from experiencing smartphone addictionand subsequently experiencing mental and emotional disorders.

Peer Education : Kesehatan Mental Remaja Untuk Pencegahan Gangguan Mental Remaja di Desa Ngadas

The transition between childhood and maturity makes adolescence a challenging period. Physical and psychological alterations in adolescents will have an effect on their mental health. Continuing efforts are made to prevent mental disorders in adolescents, including here by educating adolescents about mental health. Teenagers in the village of Ngadas have never received any mental health education. This community service activity seeks to increase adolescents' knowledge of mental health, including efforts to prevent mental disorders in adolescents, through the dissemination of information. On January 5, 2023, 35 young people participated in this community service in the Ngadas Malang tourism village at SMPN 3 Poncokusumo Ngadas. Through the use of thought-stopping and five-finger hypnosis, this community service intervention provides mental health education and prevention efforts. The results of this community service activity demonstrate an increase in adolescents' mental health knowledge from 60% to 80% in the excellent category and participants were able to do stress management with thought-stopping and five-finger hypnosis, namely 85%. Education on adolescent mental health can increase adolescents' knowledge of adolescent mental health and stress management techniques they can implement.

Internet use time and mental health among rural adolescents in China: A longitudinal study

BackgroundThe digital divide between urban and rural adolescents is widening. Many existing studies have found an association between internet use and adolescent mental health, but few use longitudinal data to focus on rural adolescents. We aimed to identify the causal relationships between internet use time and mental health in Chinese rural adolescents. MethodsUsing a sample of 3694 participants (aged 10–19) from the 2018–2020 China Family Panel Survey (CFPS). Fixed effects model, mediating effect model and instrumental variables method was used to evaluate the causal relationships between internet use time and mental health. ResultsWe find that more time spent on the internet has a significant negative effect on participants' mental health. This negative impact is stronger in female and senior students groups. Mediating effects analysis suggests that more time spent on the internet increase risk of mental health problems by reducing sleep duration and parent-adolescent communication. Further analysis find that online learning and online shopping is associated with higher depression scores, while online entertainment with lower depression scores. LimitationsThe data do not investigate the specific time spent on internet activities (e.g., learning, shopping, and entertainment), and the long-term impacts of internet use time and mental health have not been tested. ConclusionsInternet use time has a significant negative impact on mental health by crowding out sleep duration and parent-adolescent communication. The results provide an empirical reference for the prevention and intervention of mental disorders in adolescents.

Wie gut erkennen Lehrkräfte psychische Störungen und Hilfebedarfe bei Jugendlichen? Eine vignettenbasierte Studie

IntroductionTeachers can help identify mental health issues in adolescents and act as gateway-providers by referring adolescents at risk to a mental health professional. Studies have so far investigated awareness concerning mental health issues among primary school teachers in the USA. The present study uses case vignettes to examine whether secondary school teachers in Germany can detect and assess the presence and severity of mental disorders in adolescents, and which factors predict referral to professional support services. MethodsN=136 secondary school teachers completed an online questionnaire with case vignettes depicting students with moderate or severe internalizing and externalizing disorders. We assessed the ability to recognize mental health issues and evaluate the level of severity, worry and perceived prevalence of the problem as well as the helping behaviour among teachers. Results66 and 75% of the teachers were able to identify mental health issues in case vignettes of externalizing and internalizing disorders, respectively. 60% and 61%, respectively, designated the mental disorder correctly as externalizing or internalizing, and the true positive rates did not differ between externalizing vs. internalizing disorders. However, moderate and externalizing disorders were identified with less precision, and recommendations to seek professional mental help were more seldom made for these disorders. DiscussionThe results indicate that teachers can validly and probably intuitively identify (at least severe cases of) mental disorders in their students. Given the uncertainty expressed and the substantial interest of teachers, further education and training on mental health conditions disorders in adolescents is recommended.

Tracing the origins of midlife despair: association of psychopathology during adolescence with a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife.

Midlife adults are experiencing a crisis of deaths of despair (i.e. deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease). We tested the hypothesis that a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife is preceded by psychopathology during adolescence. Participants are members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-73 and followed to age 45 years, with 94% retention. Adolescent mental disorders were assessed in three diagnostic assessments at ages 11, 13, and 15 years. Indicators of despair-related maladies across four domains - suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain - were assessed at age 45 using multi-modal measures including self-report, informant-report, and national register data. We identified and validated a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife involving suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain. Adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife tended to have had early-onset emotional and behavioral disorders [β = 0.23, 95% CI (0.16-0.30), p < 0.001], even after adjusting for sex, childhood SES, and childhood IQ. A more pronounced midlife despair syndrome was observed among adults who, as adolescents, were diagnosed with a greater number of mental disorders [β = 0.26, 95% CI (0.19-0.33), p < 0.001]. Tests of diagnostic specificity revealed that associations generalized across different adolescent mental disorders. Midlife adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies tended to have had psychopathology as adolescents. Prevention and treatment of adolescent psychopathology may mitigate despair-related maladies at midlife and ultimately reduce deaths of despair.

The impact of 12 modifiable lifestyle behaviours on depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle adolescence: prospective analyses of the Canadian longitudinal COMPASS study

BackgroundUnhealthy lifestyle behaviours are becoming increasingly common and might contribute to the growing burden of mental disorders in adolescence. We examined the associations between a comprehensive set of lifestyle behaviours and depression and anxiety in middle adolescents.MethodsSchool-based survey responses were collected from 24,274 Canadian high school students at baseline and 1-year follow-up (average age 14.8 and 15.8 years, respectively). Using linear mixed-effects models, we examined prospective associations of adherence to recommendations for vegetables and fruit, grains, milk and alternatives, meat and alternatives, sugar-sweetened beverages [SSB], physical activity, screen time, sleep, and no use of tobacco, e-cigarettes, cannabis, and binge drinking at baseline with the depressive and anxiety symptoms (measured by CESD-R-10 and GAD-7 scales, respectively) at follow-up.ResultsAdherence to recommendations was low overall, particularly for vegetables and fruit (3.9%), grains (4.5%), and screen time (4.9%). Students adhering to individual recommendations, particularly for meat and alternatives, SSB, screen time, sleep, and no cannabis use, at baseline had lower CESD-R-10 and GAD-7 scores at follow-up. Adhering to every additional recommendation was associated with lower CESD-R-10 (β=-0.15, 95% CI -0.18, -0.11) and GAD-7 scores (β=-0.10, 95% CI -0.14, -0.07) at follow-up. Assuming cumulative impact, this might translate into 7.2- and 4.8-point lower CESD-R-10 and GAD-7 scores, respectively, among students adhering to 12 vs. 0 recommendations over four years of high school.ConclusionsThe results highlight the preventive potential of population-based approaches promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours, particularly those with the lowest prevalence, as a strategy to improve mental health in adolescence.

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for adolescents with major depressive disorder: study protocol for a multi-site randomized controlled trial

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescence carrying a serious risk of adverse development later in life. Extant treatments are limited in effectiveness and have high drop-out and relapse rates. A body of literature has been published on the association between distressing/ traumatic experiences and development and maintenance of MDD, but the effectiveness of a trauma-focused treatment approach for MDD has hardly been studied. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy as stand-alone intervention in adolescents diagnosed with MDD.MethodsThis study will be a randomized controlled trial with two conditions: (1) EMDR treatment (6 sessions) and (2) waiting list condition (WL: 6 weeks, followed by EMDR treatment). First, participants receive a baseline measure after which they will be randomized. Participants will be assessed post-intervention after which the WL participants will also receive six EMDR sessions. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Study population: In total, 64 adolescents (aged 12–18) diagnosed with a major depressive disorder (DSM-5) and identified memories of at least one distressing or traumatic event related to the depressive symptomatology will be included. Main study parameters/endpoints: Primary outcome variables will be the percentage of patients meeting criteria for MDD classification, and level of depressive symptoms. Secondary outcome measures include symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and general social-emotional problems. At baseline, family functioning and having experienced emotional abuse or neglect will be assessed to explore whether these factors predict post-treatment outcome.DiscussionWith the present study, we aim to investigate whether EMDR as a trauma-focussed brief intervention may be effective for adolescents with a primary diagnosis of MDD. EMDR has been proven an effective treatment for traumatic memories in other disorders. It is hypothesized that traumatic memories play a role in the onset and maintenance of depressive disorders. Particularly in adolescence, early treatment of these traumatic memories is warranted to prevent a more chronic or recurrent course of the disorder.Trial registrationInternational Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP): NL9008 (30–10-2020).

Relationship between early weaning and common mental disorders in adolescents and adults: a literature review

The benefits of breastfeeding for the child and the mother are already well established in the literature. Recent studies indicate that the consequences of early weaning can affect not only childhood, but also adolescence and adulthood. Possible late consequences include an increased occurrence of long-term common mental disorders (CMD). However, there are few available data on this topic, which makes it necessary to carry out more research that seeks to evidence the association between breastfeeding and mental disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a literature review in order to relate early weaning with the occurrence of CMD. The search was carried out on the search portals PubMed, CENTRAL, SciELO and Lilacs. After searching with the descriptors, 3 articles were selected that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicate that prolonged breastfeeding has a protective effect on the mental health of adolescents and adults, being associated with lower risks of CMD occurrence.

On the Impact of Environmental Design on Mental Disorders in Adolescents

High prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, tic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and separation anxiety disorder in the population aged 6 to 11 years is becoming an increasingly urgent social problem, in order to solve which various methodologies have been raised, but all of which have been proved that negative effects coexist with the expected results. This passage is going to solve the dilemma that no perfect solution is precedent and available. In this passage, a new mitigation method which is asserted to be both efficient and harmless is raised. This passage indicates the potential causes of mental disorders occurring among adolescents, which are biological reasons, endocrine functions, physical causes, family factors and parental rearing methods. Traditionally utilized methodologies, which are drug therapies, sensory deprivation laws, room restriction laws, however, have been proved to be equipped with certain disadvantages. Therefore, it is anticipated that the validity of the mechanism raised in the passage can be overhauled by professionals and that the methodology itself can be generalized and utilized in order to solve the serious problem that adolescents are suffering from mental disorders which the entire society is willing to and eager for certain actions to be taken.

Sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical characteristics associated with health service (non-)use for mental disorders in adolescents and young adults from the general population

Most adolescents and young adults who experience psychological distress do not seek professional help. This study aims to enhance the understanding of sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical characteristics associated with the underuse of health services by adolescents and young adults with mental disorders. Data from a cross-sectional, epidemiological study with a population-based sample (N = 1180 participants, 14–21 years old) were used. Participants completed a fully standardized, computer-assisted diagnostic interview (DIA-X-5/D-CIDI) administered by trained clinical interviewers to assess lifetime mental disorders according to DSM-5 as well as lifetime health service use for mental health problems, and completed self-report questionnaires to assess various psychological variables (e.g., stigma). Predictors of health service use were examined using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, data were weighted for age and sex to improve representativeness Of n = 597 participants with any lifetime mental disorder, 32.4% [95% CI 28.4; 36.7] had ever used any health services because of a mental health, psychosomatic, or substance use problem. Even less had received psychotherapeutic or pharmacological treatment (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: 12.1% [9.5; 15.2]; other psychotherapy: 10.7% [8.4; 13.7]; medication: 5.4% [3.7; 7.8]). High education was associated with less health service use (low/ middle/ other vs. high education: 53.8% vs. 26.9%; OR = 0.26, p < .001). In the multiple regression model, stigma toward mental disorders was the single psychological variable associated with a reduced likelihood of using health services (OR = 0.69 [0.52; 0.90], p < .01). These findings draw attention to the treatment gap for mental disorders during adolescence and highlight related factors to be addressed in public health contexts.

Association between health literacy, depressive symptoms, and suicide-related outcomes in adolescents: A longitudinal study

BackgroundHealth literacy is associated with mental disorders in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the associations between health literacy, depressive symptoms, and suicide-related outcomes. MethodsIn terms of participants, 937 middle school students in Shenyang City, China were enrolled between December 2018 and December 2019 to assess health literacy, depressive symptoms and suicide-related outcomes. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine possible associations. ResultsAdequate health literacy was negatively associated with 12-month follow-up depressive symptoms (RR = 0.115, 95 % CI: 0.032–0.411) and suicide-related outcomes (RR = 0.230, 95 % CI: 0.085–0.618) in females. Meanwhile, in females, interpersonal relationship, stress management, and self-actualization were negatively related to depressive symptoms, while physical activities, self-actualization, and health awareness are protective factors for suicide-related outcomes (P < 0.05 for each). LimitationsRecall and reporting bias might be inevitable for self-reported data, and due to the small sample size, the predictive effect may not be very significant. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that adequate health literacy may serve as a critical and independent protective factor for poor long-term mental health outcomes and that the predictive effect is more pronounced in female students. Public health efforts to enhance health literacy levels are required to maintain and improve adolescents' mental health outcomes.

Ability and Preparedness of Family Physicians to Recognise and Treat Adolescent Mental Health Disorders in Nigeria and Ghana.

Management of mental health disorders has not been fully integrated into primary care despite been advocated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Organisation of Family Doctors (WONCA). This study therefore seeks to assess the ability and preparedness of Family Physicians to recognise and treat mental health disorders in adolescents. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 233 randomly selected Physicians Practicing in Family Medicine Clinics in Nigeria and Ghana was conducted using a semi structured self-administered questionnaire that was developed by the researchers and validated with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .85. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences™ (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) version 22.0. Respondents had a mean age of 43 ± 8 years, were mostly males 130 (55.79%), practised in Nigeria 168 (72.10%) and have been in practice for over 10 years 149 (63.95%). Majority of respondents 153 (65.67%) received at least one Medical Education sessions in mental health in the preceding 12 months of the study. Out of these, 146 (95.42%) said the sessions enhanced their knowledge of mental health, and 121 (79.08%) said the sessions enhanced their abilities and preparedness to attend to patients with mental disorders. Barriers included stigmatisation 156 (66.95%), poor facilities 136 (58.37%), non-conducive environment 135 (57.94%) and non-cooperation from patients 133 (57.08%). This study showed that a lot of family physicians in Ghana and Nigeria are able and prepared to manage adolescent mental health disorders. They however cited stigmatisation, poor facilities and non-conducive environment as barriers to management of adolescent mental health disorders in primary care. Considering the severity of the disorder, there is a need to increase the training of Family Physicians in the management of adolescent mental health.

Descriptive and associated risk factors analysis of mental disorders among adolescents in Huangshi, China

Descriptive analysis of adolescent mental disorders in Huangshi was performed to explore the gender differences, influencing factors, and abnormal illness behaviors. A total of 674 patients in Huangshi Mental Health Center from 2017 to 2022 were collected. A rising trend of mental disorders has been observed since 2018, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. More young cases led to suicidal attempts and self-harm, which reflects the severity of mental health in adolescents. This study aims to draw the attention of government, society, families, and schools to care about adolescents, which also provides guidance and references for clinical treatment of mental disorders.

Analysis of Adolescent Depression Risk Factors During the Third Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Surabaya

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes such as isolation and contact restrictions. Adolescents are vulnerable to these changes because social contact is very important for their development. Research is needed on risk factors for adolescent mental health disorders especially depression during a pandemic to help deal with psychological conditions during and after an outbreak. Objective: To analyse the relationship between risk factors and adolescent depression during the third year of COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya. Methods: This study used an observational analytic cross-sectional study design with an accidental sampling technique. The sample population is students of a junior high school in Surabaya grade 7 and 8. Depression is the dependent variable measured using the DASS-42 score using only the depression item. The independent variables consist of risk factors which are measured using a questionnaire. Statistical data were analysed using the Chi-square test. Result: Total respondents in this study is 121 students. A total of 22.3% students experienced depression. There was a correlation between gender (p=0.009), family history of COVID-19 infection (p=0.041), and parental education (p=0.055) on depression in adolescents. Conclusion: Gender, family history of COVID-19 infection, and parental education have a relationship with depression in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya.