Analysis of Adolescent Depression Risk Factors During the Third Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Surabaya

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes such as isolation and contact restrictions. Adolescents are vulnerable to these changes because social contact is very important for their development. Research is needed on risk factors for adolescent mental health disorders especially depression during a pandemic to help deal with psychological conditions during and after an outbreak. Objective: To analyse the relationship between risk factors and adolescent depression during the third year of COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya. Methods: This study used an observational analytic cross-sectional study design with an accidental sampling technique. The sample population is students of a junior high school in Surabaya grade 7 and 8. Depression is the dependent variable measured using the DASS-42 score using only the depression item. The independent variables consist of risk factors which are measured using a questionnaire. Statistical data were analysed using the Chi-square test. Result: Total respondents in this study is 121 students. A total of 22.3% students experienced depression. There was a correlation between gender (p=0.009), family history of COVID-19 infection (p=0.041), and parental education (p=0.055) on depression in adolescents. Conclusion: Gender, family history of COVID-19 infection, and parental education have a relationship with depression in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya.