Adolescent Gender Research Articles

The Impact of Neutral Gender Characters in Electronic Games on Adolescents Gender Cognition and Strategies for Improvement

This study aims to explore the influence of neutral gender characters in electronic games on adolescents gender cognition and proposes potential improvement strategies for the current situation. The research employs an interview-based approach to investigate the gender-related confusion encountered by adolescents during their developmental stages and examines the current status of neutral gender characters in the contemporary electronic game market, tracing their origins. As adolescents are in a stage of developing gender identity, the introduction of neutral gender characters in electronic games may contribute to fostering positive gender identity and exploration. Consequently, the goal of this study is to better understand the shaping role of electronic games on adolescents gender perceptions, promote the gaming industry toward more diverse and inclusive gender expressions, advance societal gender equality perspectives, stimulate adolescents creative expression, and cultivate a broader societal attitude of openness and respect towards diverse genders.

Investigating Correlations between Subjective Satisfaction with Body Image and Selected Personality Characteristics in Gender Adolescents with Attractive Face

Body image just during adolescence is influenced not only by the media, but also by family and friends, and related to this, the adolescent must learn to cope with society's demands on body image. This study examines the relationships between facially attractive adolescents' body image dissatisfaction and personality characteristics. The research population consisted of 185 face-attractive students from different types of high schools, including 89 girls and 96 boys with an average age of 18 years. We used the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire EPQ-R and Stunkard Silhouettes and questions designed by us regarding satisfaction/dissatisfaction with different body parts to collect data. We found that there was no significant relationship between body image dissatisfaction and neuroticism, psychoticism. A significant negative relationship was found between body image dissatisfaction and extroversion.

The role of perceived parent drinking motives on alcohol use among adolescents with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Parent history of alcohol-related problems and antisocial behaviors contribute to adolescent alcohol use and are associated with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Youth with ADHD may be susceptible to intergenerational transmission of alcohol-related cognitions, which may model drinking motives that enhance risk for adolescent alcohol use. We examined whether childhood ADHD and parent history of alcohol use disorder, with or without antisociality, were associated with adolescents' perceptions of their parents' drinking motives and whether these perceptions predicted their alcohol use behaviors. Adolescents (N = 199; 56% with ADHD; Mage = 15.73) completed the Drinking Motives Questionnaire regarding perceptions of their parents' drinking motives. Participants subsequently reported their past-year alcohol use behaviors (Mage = 16.95). Parents reported their history of alcohol-related problems and antisocial symptoms. Covariates included adolescent gender (7% girls), race (9% self-identified Black), and parental education and marital status. Perceived parent drinking motives were highest for social and lowest for conformity motives, consistent with adult self-reports in the literature. Parent alcohol use and antisociality history predicted perceptions of parent drinking motives, and child ADHD only predicted perceptions of parent social drinking motives. Perceived parent drinking motives predicted adolescent alcohol use, but only among youth without ADHD. Findings reflect the potential importance of assessing adolescent perceptions of parent drinking motives for adolescents without ADHD and a possible need for supporting parents in communicating about their own alcohol use. Future research should consider alternative strategies (e.g., assessing implicit cognitions) for studying the link between alcohol-related cognitions and behaviors for adolescents with ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Interplay between Parental Knowledge and Adolescent Inebriation, and Their Links to Parent–Child Relationships over Time

While parental knowledge of adolescents’ whereabouts is generally considered to be a key protective factor for adolescent alcohol use, the developmental links during adolescence are unclear. Focusing on within-family processes on a sample of Swedish early to late adolescents (n = 782; 49% female) over four waves of data, we (1) tested the interplay between parental knowledge and adolescent alcohol inebriation, (2) investigated whether changes over time in parental knowledge and adolescent inebriation were linked to the parent–child relationship, and (3) tested the moderating role of adolescent gender and SES on these potential links. The results from random intercept cross-lagged panel models showed that increases in parental knowledge predicted decreases in frequencies of adolescent inebriation the following year as well a more positive parent–child relationship over time. Increases in adolescent inebriation were predicted by less parental knowledge only in late adolescence. These links were not moderated by adolescent gender or SES. The results emphasize the importance of increasing parental knowledge of adolescent activities in order to reduce adolescent involvement in heavy alcohol use as well as the importance of parent–child closeness.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the short form of grit scale in Korean adolescents.

This study aimed to identify the factor structure of the Korean version of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) and examine its cross-sectional and longitudinal measurement invariance (MI). Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 were analyzed, which included two cohorts, comprising 2,327 and 2,325 fourth-year elementary and first-year middle school students, respectively. It was found that the two-factor model fit the data well for the elementary and middle school samples. The results of the cross-sectional MI tests across genders indicated that the full threshold and loading invariance were also supported for the elementary school sample, and the partial threshold and loading invariance were supported for the middle school sample. The analyses of the longitudinal MI revealed that the partial threshold and loading invariance were supported for both samples. The reliability analysis revealed satisfactory McDonald's Omega values for both samples at each time point and moderate stability coefficients over time. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the Korean version of the Grit-S demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and exhibited MI across gender and time in Korean adolescents.

Associations of Adolescent School Social Networks, Gender Norms, and Adolescent-to-Young Adult Changes in Male Gender Expression With Young Adult Substance Use

PurposeMale gender expression (MGE), which is shaped by sociocultural pressures around masculinity, has been previously associated with health. This study examines associations of adolescent social network variables and school gender norms with MGE changes from adolescence to young adulthood, and associations of these changes with young adult substance use. MethodsAnalyzing data from Waves I (1994–95, adolescents, aged 12–18) and IV (2008–09, young adults, 24–32) of a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study, male participants' MGE was assessed in each wave using a validated, empirically derived measure. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations of adolescent-to-young adult MGE changes between waves with adolescent social network characteristics and school gender norms. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between adolescent-to-young adult MGE changes and young adult substance uses (cigarette, marijuana, heavy alcohol, and recreational drug use, and prescription drug misuse). ResultsAmong 4,776 male participants, adolescent-to-young adult MGE changes were significantly associated with school gender norms such that adolescents whose MGE markedly departed from their schools' average exhibited greater MGE changes in the direction of their schools' average (β = −0.83, p < .01) relative to those who were more similar to school means. Adolescent-to-young adult increases in MGE were significantly associated with greater odds of all young adult substance use behaviors except prescription drug misuse. DiscussionAdolescents' MGE relative to other males at their school was associated with MGE changes toward school norms, with implications for young adult substance use. Adolescent gender norms may be an underexplored strategy for interventions to reduce substance misuse.

Maternal and Paternal Hostility and Adolescents’ Emotional Problems: The Moderated-Moderation Model by Gender and Age

Hostility is a key dimension of parenting for adolescent outcomes. This study purposed to examine the predictive effect of maternal and paternal hostility on adolescents’ emotional problems and whether adolescent gender and age moderated this relationship. These aims were examined in a sample of 1,408 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years and their cohabiting mothers and fathers, with a total of 4224 Turkish participants. The findings demonstrated that maternal and paternal hostility were linked to adolescents’ emotional problems regardless of gender and age. In addition, girl adolescents exposed to maternal hostility reported more emotional problems than boys exposed to maternal hostility. Overall, adolescents’ age and gender did not moderate the relationship between parental hostility and adolescents’ emotional problems. As a result, parental hostility seemed to be an important risk factor for adolescents’ emotional problems.

Bidirectional Relationship between Adolescent Gender Egalitarianism and Prosocial Behavior.

This study investigates the bidirectional associations between gender egalitarianism and prosocial behavior in adolescents, and the moderating effect of gender in the associations, as well as gender differences and longitudinal changes in both. We recruited 543 Chinese adolescents (284 girls, 259 boys; mean age at Time 1 = 11.27 years) and collected three waves of data measuring gender egalitarianism and prosocial behavior at one-year intervals. According to the results, girls expressed greater gender egalitarianism than boys did; girls reported more prosocial behavior than boys in the sixth grade, but there were no significant gender differences in the seventh and eighth grades. Adolescents' gender egalitarianism stayed stable from the sixth to the seventh grade then increased from the seventh to the eighth grade, and there was a decrease in prosocial behavior from the sixth to the seventh grade. More importantly, the results of the multi-group cross-lagged panel model revealed that adolescents' gender egalitarianism in the previous year positively predicted prosocial behavior in the next year, and vice versa; such bidirectional associations equally applied to boys and girls. These findings add to the knowledge of adolescent gender egalitarianism and prosocial behavior, and the dynamic interplay between the two.

The role of ethnic-racial and national identities on U.S. Latino adolescents' global identity coherence and adjustment.

Ethnic-racial minoritized adolescents are tasked with concurrently developing and balancing their ethnic-racial and national identities. The present study investigated the extent to which these two social identities were simultaneously associated with U.S. Latino adolescents' psychological adjustment via their associations with global identity coherence. This cross-sectional study included 370 self-identified Latino middle-to-late adolescents (Mage = 16.14 years; SD = 1.12; range: 14-18; 52.8% female; 96.2% U.S.-born; 50% had at least one foreign-born parent) who completed paper surveys in class. Structural equation path analyses with bias-corrected bootstrapping were conducted to test a theoretical mediational model of identity and adjustment. Findings indicated that each social identity component explained significant variance in adolescent psychological adjustment (i.e., lower depressive symptoms; higher life satisfaction and self-esteem) via its unique association with identity coherence (i.e., synthesis and confusion). Results generalized across adolescent gender but were qualified by family immigrant status (i.e., having no foreign-born parent vs. having at least one foreign-born parent). Additionally, there was no support for an alternate model with the order of predictors and mediators reversed. This study highlights the importance of multifaceted, multicomponent social identity development and exemplifies ways in which social position factors may set adolescents onto different developmental pathways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Life satisfaction among Spanish children and adolescents participating in Physical Education.

Life satisfaction has been determined as a cognitive indicator of subjective wellbeing, a term that acquires vital relevance during adolescence as a protective factor against numerous psychological, mental and social disorders. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate differences in life satisfaction as a function of gender and school environment in Spanish children and adolescents; and (2) examine the possible associations between life satisfaction and age and/or body mass index (BMI) of the student body. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 723 students (aged 6 to 18 years) in which the "Satisfaction with life Scale" was applied, consisting of 5 items that measure self-perception of life satisfaction. Nonparametric statistics (Mann-Whitney U test) were used to explore differences in scores according to sex and school environment, in addition to Spearman's Rho test to identify associations between scale scores and students' age and BMI. Significant differences were obtained in terms of sex in favor of the male gender, and between the two environments of the centers in favor of the rural ones. In addition, the two variables explored (age and BMI) showed significant inverse associations with life satisfaction levels. Therefore, educational interventions and policies must take this information into account to design and develop actions aimed at improving this cognitive factor.

Concordance of Adolescent Gender, Race, and Ethnicity: Self-report Versus Medical Record Data.

Concordance of Adolescent Gender, Race, and Ethnicity: Self-report Versus Medical Record Data.

A Study on the Relationship between Parenting Attitudes and Social Development as Perceived by Mongolian Adolescents

The purpose of this study is to find out how the parenting attitude perceived by Mongolian adolescents affects the social development of adolescents. The subjects of this study were middle and high school students living in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. Out of a total of 250 questionnaires, 217 questionnaires were finally analyzed.The research results of this paper are as follows. First, it was found that there was no significant difference in parenting attitudes and sociality perceived by adolescents according to the gender of adolescents. Second, it was found that there was a significant difference according to the factors between parenting attitude and sociality perceived by adolescents. It was found that the most significant correlation with adolescents' social development was the parents' receptive parenting attitude. Third, among the parental parenting attitudes perceived by adolescents, the father's receptive parenting attitude was found to be the most meaningful variable affecting social participation, initiative, popularity, consideration, and autonomy, and the father's achievement-pressure parenting attitude was found to have a partial effect only on social participation.

Relationship of Risky Internet Use with Parental Depression and Anxiety in a Sample of Turkish Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Parental mental health has a significant impact on adolescent well-being, including their engagement in problematic behaviors such as risky internet use. However, limited research has examined the association between parental mental health and risky internet use (RIU) in adolescents, particularly those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To address this gap, this study investigated the relations between parental depression and anxiety symptoms and RIU in adolescents with ADHD. A sample of 100 participants (mean age = 13.6 years; 27% female) diagnosed with ADHD was included. Parental depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventories, while adolescents' RIU was measured using Young's Internet Addiction Scale. Participants with scores exceeding 50 on the scale were classified as having RIU. After controlling for adolescent gender, parental education levels, and income, the results revealed that both parental depressive (β = 0.09) and anxiety symptoms (β = 0.06) significantly predicted an elevated risk of RIU in adolescents with ADHD. These findings highlight the substantial role of parental depression and anxiety as risk factors for RIU in this population. Understanding these associations can inform the development of targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of parental mental health on adolescent RIU and promote better outcomes for individuals with ADHD.

Comparison of Quality of Life among Adolescents with and without Diabetes in Gujrat, Pakistan

Objective: To compare the quality of life among adolescents with and without diabetes and explore the association of age and gender with diabetes. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Different Clinics and Hospitals, of District, Gujrat Pakistan, from Sep 2020 to Mar 2021. Methodology: Adolescents with diabetes who had an HbA1C level of ≥6.5%, and age-matched, healthy adolescents as controls were included. The adolescents with diabetes were sub-grouped into early and late adolescents based on age (10-14 years and 15-19 years, respectively). Youth Quality of Life Questionnaire was used as the investigative tool. Results: Twenty-nine adolescents (mean age: 14.2±2.9 years) were in the Diabetes-Group, and 356 adolescents (mean age: 14.8±2.7 years) were in the Control-Group. The Control-Group had significantly better mean scores in each domain than the Diabetes-Group (p&lt;0.001). Early adolescents with diabetes had better scores in the self-care domain (p=0.014) than late adolescents. The scores remained uninfluenced by gender in adolescents with diabetes (p=0.118, 0.284, 0.185, 0.419, and 0.169, respectively). Conclusion: The quality of life scores among our study adolescents with diabetes was poor as compared to the age-matched healthy adolescents. Age appeared to be a negative factor for the quality of life parameters among adolescents with diabetes.

Serum Hormone Concentrations in Transgender Youth Receiving Estradiol

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the serum estradiol levels in gender-diverse youth to compare the efficacy of different estradiol routes in achieving therapeutic blood levels and suppressing serum testosterone levels. MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of patients who initiated estradiol at an adolescent gender clinic between 2010 and 2019. Data on the route of estradiol administration and antiandrogen use (spironolactone or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist) were collected, and laboratory data were analyzed. Scatterplots were used to visualize the relationship between the estradiol dose and testosterone and estradiol laboratory values. ResultsA total of 118 patients were included, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 17.2 (1.6) years. The most common route of estradiol administration was oral only (62.7%), followed by transdermal only (23.7%), multiple routes excluding subcutaneous (8.5%), and any subcutaneous (5.1%). Notable variability was observed in the serum estradiol levels, with means (SDs) of 131.9 (120.4) pg/mL for those on oral estrogen 6 to 8 mg per day, 62.6 (40.3) pg/mL for those on transdermal estrogen 0.1 to 0.15 mg every 24 hours, and 53.6 (42.4) pg/mL for those on subcutaneous estradiol. In patients who received spironolactone, transdermal estradiol was associated with lower testosterone levels than estradiol administered orally or subcutaneously. ConclusionOral, transdermal, and subcutaneous administrations of estrogen all lead to increased serum estradiol levels and are effective for use in gender-affirming care for youth. Patients on transdermal estrogen tended to have lower serum estradiol levels but also had more suppression of serum testosterone levels.

Overview of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and associated factors: a scoping review.

Around the world, idiopathic scoliosis accounts for the majority of occurrences of adolescent scoliosis. The absence of underlying congenital or neuromuscular problems distinguishes adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), which affects children ages 13 to 18, from other kinds of scoliosis. The prevalence of AIS is influenced by a number of variables, such as physical activity, gender, backpacks, body mass index, and others. AIS has an impact on the child's development not just physically but also psychologically, emotionally, and mentally. This study used nationwide databases to describe the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and associated risk variables. The current review analysis showed that AIS was significant worldwide and that adolescent gender, physical activity, body mass index, backpack carrying and backpack weight were all significant risk factors for developing AIS.

Gender Experiences of Transgender Youth: How Changeable is the Gender Experience of Binary vs. Nonbinary Identifying Transgender Youth and What Factors Are Involved?

Gender Experiences of Transgender Youth: How Changeable is the Gender Experience of Binary vs. Nonbinary Identifying Transgender Youth and What Factors Are Involved? Abstract: Objectives: Nonbinary gender identities are becoming increasingly visible in transgender healthcare and research. However, little is known about the various gender identities of transgender adolescents - whether they are stable or fluid and which factors influence their gender experience. The present study investigates these different aspects of gender in transgender adolescents with various gender identities. Method: The sample comprised a recent cohort of 114 adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria (GD) attending the Hamburg Gender Identity Service for Children and Adolescents (Hamburg GIS). We used the Gender Diversity Questionnaire to assess the different aspects of gender. Results: In total, 83 % of the sample reported a binary (BI) and 17 % a nonbinary gender identity or were still questioning their gender identity (NBGQ). 15-18 % of the transgender adolescents reported gender fluidity. The NBGQ group reported significantly higher levels of gender fluidity or more often that their gender identity was still open to change, respectively, than the BI group. Puberty (79 %), physical distress (70 %), and social media (36 %) were the most frequently mentioned factors influencing their gender experience. Conclusions: The present study underscores that gender experience is not binary and fixed for all transgender adolescents, but that, in some cases, it may be nonbinary or fluid. This heterogeneity, the possible fluidity, and the puberty-related physical distress may challenge treatment decisions in transgender adolescents diagnosed with GD. This situation highlights the importance of developing individualized treatment plans.

Age and gender as factors affecting adolescent`s physical activity regime

Introduction: In general, physical activity (PA) decreases with age. Changes in the volume of PA and the movement mode are non-linear from the point of view of age and gender. In the lives of young people, there is a critical period accompanied by a decrease in the goals of PA performed in the daily regime. This study aimed to identify changes in the level of PA due to the age and gender of adolescents. Materials and Methods: The physical activity regime was analyzed using the final activity summary score of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). A total of 417 children at the age of 11-18 years were tested (girls n = 245; boys n = 172). Analysis of the effect of gender, age, and their interactions with the volume of physical activity (PA) was carried out using two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons of the means of individual age groups with post-hoc Tukey HSD analysis. The independent t-test was used to evaluate the effect of the gender factor. Results: The data presented showed a linear decrease in PA in the PA regime of pupils from 11 to 18 years of age, regardless of gender. Conclusions: PA volume in adolescence generally decreases with increasing age. The critical period appears to be the 14th year of life for girls and the 16th year for boys.

Comparison of Methods to Assess Adolescent Gender Identity in the ABCD Study

This cross-sectional study assesses the reliability and validity of methods used to capture gender identity in Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study participants.

Analysis of Angry Behavior and Emotion Regulation Seen in Adolescent Gender in Upper Toundanouw Village, Southeast Minahasa

Angry behavior is an angry emotional response to a stimulus from the environment that is not in accordance with the wishes and is vented into negative actions to express emotions. Emotions play an important role in teenagers' social lives. As individuals who are growing and developing, teenagers tend to be irritable, irritable, easily discouraged, and prone to exploding when they feel offended. Therefore, it is important to develop the ability to manage angry emotions in adolescents. This ability to manage angry emotions is called emotional regulation. Emotional regulation is an individual's ability to accept, control and respond to emotions in an appropriate manner when under pressure. This research aims to analyze anger behavior and emotional regulation seen in adolescent gender in Toundanouw Atas Village, Southeast Minahasa. The research method used in this research was quantitative approach is a type of comparative research. The samples taken in this research were 55 people. Based on the results of data analysis in this study, it can be concluded that the difference in the tendency for angry behavior and emotional regulation in male and female adolescents is in high levels of angry behavior and low emotional regulation, which means that there is no difference in the tendency for angry behavior and emotional regulation in adolescent boys. men and women in Upper Toundanouw Village, Southeast Minahasa. The samples taken in this research were 55 people. Based on the results of data analysis in this study, it can be concluded that the difference in the tendency for angry behavior and emotional regulation in male and female adolescents is in high levels of angry behavior and low emotional regulation, which means that there is no difference in the tendency for angry behavior and emotional regulation in adolescent boys. men and women in Upper Toundanouw Village, Southeast Minahasa. The samples taken in this research were 55 people. Based on the results of data analysis in this study, it can be concluded that the difference in the tendency for angry behavior and emotional regulation in male and female adolescents is in high levels of angry behavior and low emotional regulation, which means that there is no difference in the tendency for angry behavior and emotional regulation in adolescent boys. men and women in Upper Toundanouw Village, Southeast Minahasa