Admission Policies Research Articles

Higher education retention in Ireland and Scotland: the role of admissions policies

AbstractThis article provides new insights into the role played by higher education (HE) selection policies in influencing student retention by exploring drop-out patterns in Ireland and Scotland. The Irish and Scottish HE systems differ in relation to the emphasis placed on grades and subjects studied at school and to the degree of autonomy enjoyed by HE institutions in the student admissions process. We investigate whether these system differences matter for student retention using administrative data from national student records and logistic regression modelling. The findings show that in Ireland, HE students have higher chances of dropping out than in Scotland and there are inequalities in these chances among students from different social backgrounds. Moreover, the association between subject matching (but also school grades) and the chances of dropping-out is stronger in Ireland than in Scotland. We conclude that the tighter student selection criteria in Scotland improve retention and reduce social inequalities in drop-out rates. Moreover, admission criteria are found to be important not only to explain between-country differences in drop-out rates but also within-country differences among different HE institutions.

Admission Test Scores and Colleges’ Retention Rates

Most higher education institutions eliminated standardized test requirements for applicants following the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of college admission criteria on college student retention has been the subject of extensive research in higher education. This literature suggests that admission criteria play a significant role in influencing student retention rates. However, the impacts of test-optional admissions procedures have been relatively understudied. Using a dataset of admissions requirements, institutional profiles, measures of collegiate success, financial aid, and demographics of full-time, first-year students at public or not-for-profit private 4-year institutions for the 2021-2022 academic year, we find that, of the different criteria used in admission policies, required or recommended letters of recommendation and graduation rates combined have an impact on college retention rates. Required or recommended admission test scores positively increase retention rates, albeit not robustly.

BPNN‐based flow classification and admission control for software defined IIoT

AbstractFlow admission control (FAC) aims to efficiently manage the service requests while maximizing the network utilization. With multiple connection requests, access delay or even service interruption may occur. This paper proposes a novel FAC approach to reduce the contention between the end nodes and ensure high utilization of the networking resources for software defined IIoT. First, incoming flows are classified into different priorities using back propagation neural network based on selected features representing the current network status. Second, with the designed flow admission policies, bandwidth and buffer size are estimated with stochastic network calculus model. Finally, the thresholds of the proposed FAC scheme are dynamically decided based on the above two parameters. Various flows are admitted or rejected via the proposed FAC to maintain real time processing. Unlike traditional FAC schemes rely on static priority systems, the proposed scheme leverages machine learning technique for dynamic flow prioritization and the stochastic network calculus model for precise estimation. Computer simulation reveals that the proposed scheme accurately classifies the flows, and substantially decreases the transmission delay and improves the network utilization compared to the existing FAC schemes. This highlights the superiority of the proposed scheme meeting the demands of software defined IIoT.

The Human Capital Effects of Access to Elite Jobs

We study the human capital effects of access to elite bureaucratic jobs in Taiwan, where performance on an examination determines entry into the civil service. Historically, quotas for successful applicants were set based on the 1948 populations of individuals’ native provinces in mainland China. This resulted in a higher probability of success on the exam—and, thus, greater access to elite positions—for descendants of certain migrant groups. These preferential quotas were replaced in 1962 with a uniform admissions policy. Using this variation, we find that the incentives created by preferential quotas increased human capital and improved long-run economic outcomes. (JEL D73, H83, J24, J45, M51)

Implementasi Multikultural Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Cipayung 04

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic religious education with a multicultural perspective in elementary schools. The research was conducted at Cipayung 04 Public Elementary School. The research method used a qualitative case study. Sources of data teachers, principals, and students. The research instrument used interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques include: data collection, data reduction, data verification and data display. The results of the multicultural-based implementation of Islamic religious education research through: 1) The new student admission policy does not discriminate between ethnicity, race and religion; 2) Implementation of learning upholds the values ​​of mutual respect, openness, compassion, conflict resolution and reconciliation and violence; 3) Realizing tolerance in religious life in life between all members of the community in daily life in the school environment. Multicultural values ​​are a process of acquiring knowledge, developing attitudes and behavior to live in mutual respect, tolerance, full of peace, mutual assistance and non-violence. Islamic religious education is education that focuses more on improving the mental attitude that is manifested in actions, both for the needs of oneself and others, both theoretically and practically. This research focuses on three studies, firstly all forms of multicultural values ​​in learning Islamic religious education at Cipayung 04 Public Elementary School. So it is related to efforts regarding multicultural-based learning so far because the school does not have multiculturalism, the school places more emphasis on character education. One of education, cultural education can be in the form of mutual cooperation, mutual respect, responsibility, discipline. So character education is very important to achieve quality education for students. If the character has been formed early on in order to make quality and qualified students. And in practice learning is also more respectful and tolerant among peers, in learning it emphasizes Pancasila values ​​in respecting diversity.

The Impact of Zoning Policy Implementation and the Education Production Function in Improving the Quality of Senior High School Education

This study aims to examine the inequality in the quality of education in 117 public high schools in DKI Jakarta, as well as the effect of implementing the PPDB zoning policy in improving the quality of school education. Utilizing a panel dataset of school units processed through quantitative analysis and Fixed-Effect (FE) econometric regression estimation, this study analyzes the Education Production Function. The research also investigates educational quality disparities based on Gini coefficients with the National Examination scores as indicators. The results of the study found that inequality between schools in DKI Jakarta was at a low level. Furthermore, it is found that the UN participant-to-teacher ratio, teacher education and experience, as well as the implementation of the zoning policy for student admission (PPDB), have an impact on improving school UN score achievements. In the future, school excellence will be distributed divergently.

Evaluasi Kebijakan Sistem Zonasi Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB) Tingkat SMP Negeri di Kota Surabaya

This research was conducted with the aim of researching and evaluating the New Student Admission Zoning System Policy (PPDB) at the State Middle School level in the City of Surabaya. This research analysis was carried out using a qualitative descriptive approach. The research results show that the zoning system implemented is considered effective in achieving its main goal, namely equal distribution of quality education. However, other parents are disappointed because their children cannot attend public junior high schools because the distance between home and school is too far. So that the zoning system policy for Admission of New Students (PPDB) in State Middle Schools in Surabaya City in the future can be more optimal, the government will pay more attention to the problems faced by students during the registration process. The government must also see directly whether socialization is carried out immediately so that the implementation of the PPDB zoning system can be carried out optimally.

Collaborative Video Caching in the Edge Network using Deep Reinforcement Learning

With the enormous growth in mobile data traffic over the 5G environment, Adaptive BitRate (ABR) video streaming has become a challenging problem. Recent advances in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) technology make it feasible to use Base Stations (BSs) intelligently by network caching, popularity-based video streaming, and more. Additional computing resources on the edge node offer an opportunity to reduce network traffic on the backhaul links during peak traffic hours. More recently, it has been found in the literature that collaborative caching strategies between neighbouring BSs (i.e., MEC servers) make it more efficient to reduce backhaul traffic and network congestion and thus improve the viewer experience substantially. In this work, we propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL)–based collaborative caching mechanism in which the edge servers cooperate to serve the requested content from the end-users. Specifically, this research aims to improve the overall cache hit rate at the MEC, where the edge servers are clustered based on their geographic locations. This task is modelled as a multi-objective optimization problem and solved using an RL framework. In addition, a novel cache admission and eviction policy is defined by calculating the priority score of video segments in the clustered MEC mesh network.

Admission Control in Multi-server Systems Under Binary Reward Structure

We study a multi-server queueing system where a customer is satisfied (and generates a unit revenue) if their queueing time is at most a given constant. If the queueing time of the admitted customer exceeds this constant, the customer gets served, but is unsatisfied and generates no revenue. Such queueing systems arise in the context of modeling service systems where excessive delays are of concern. A key challenge is how to design an admission control policy to maximize the number of satisfied customers per unit time in the long run, assuming that we can observe the number of customers in the system at any time. We call this the binary reward structure system and show that a threshold-type admission policy is optimal. The optimal threshold policy has to be computed numerically. Hence we propose a square-root admission policy to approximate the optimal admission control policy, and compare the performance of these two policies. We derive an analytical upper bound on the performance of optimal admission control policy by deriving an optimal admission policy assuming we have full information over the queueing time of the admitted customers. This is equivalent to a queueing system where customers abandon the queue (i.e., leave without service) if their queueing time exceeds the given constant. We demonstrate that the optimal policy that includes customer abandonment, or alternatively, the optimal policy under full information, the optimal threshold policy, and the square-root admission policy, all exhibit identical performance in the asymptotic regions of the parameter space. Our numerical results indicate that the worst optimality gap of the square-root admission policy is within 3.9% of the optimal revenue, and implementing the square-root admission policy in the observable queueing system leads to a revenue loss that is at most 5.6% of the maximum possible revenue rate in the full information system. We also compare the binary reward structure with the more common linear reward structure where the system incurs holding cost per unit queueing time per customer. In addition, we also show that the analysis based on queueing time is applicable to the system time as well.

Urbanization Impacts the Soaring Housing Price of Hangzhou During 2018-2022

This paper examines the reasons for the rapid increase in housing prices in Hangzhou between 2018 and 2022. As one of China's fast-growing cities, Hangzhou has experienced significant changes in its real estate market due to continued population growth and accelerated urbanization, especially driven by major events such as the G20 Summit and the Asian Games. Firstly, the improvement and expansion of the city's infrastructure, especially the development of Hangzhou's metro network, has increased the attractiveness and property values of specific areas. Second, the government's talent admission policies and the city's overall attractiveness led to a population surge, further pushing up housing demand. In addition, special events such as the G20 Summit and the Asian Games and the urban renewal programs they bring have stimulated housing prices to a certain extent. In response to these reasons, it is recommended that the government take multifaceted measures to control the excessive rise in housing prices, including strengthening the regulation of the real estate market, rationalizing the planning of urban development, and providing more affordable and rental housing. The Government has optimized its policies to meet the housing needs of different income groups so as to achieve long-term stability and healthy development of the real estate market.

What Are the Important Qualities and Abilities of Future Doctors? A Nationwide Attitude Survey in Japan

What qualities and abilities are appropriate for a person who plans to become a doctor? To answer this question, it is meaningful to understand the opinions of the general public, since they are important stakeholders in the training of doctors. As part of a national door-to-door questionnaire survey, participants were asked about 16 qualities and abilities they considered suitable for becoming a doctor. Of the 1200 people interviewed, 1190 responded. The ratio of affirmative answers was the highest (92.2%) for the “Accurately judges situations” element, followed by “Cares about others’ feelings” (87.4%), “Understands the reality of medical care and welfare” (87.2%), and “Resistant to mental stress” (86.2%). “High academic ability”, which is currently the most important factor in the actual selection of students, ranked ninth among the sixteen elements (71.8%). Aside from academic ability, the general public places importance on other factors in selecting students for admission to medical schools. This study provides a valuable reference for medical schools regarding admission policies and applicant selection processes.

Analysis of social mission at associate degree nursing programs in the United States

Background“Social mission” is the contribution of a health profession's school in advancing health equity and addressing the health disparities of the society in which it exists. AimThis study aimed to understand the state of social mission in associate degree nursing (ADN) programs, and how performance varies across program types. MethodsAbout 533 programs that were members of the Organization for Associate Degree Nursing were invited to fill out an ADN-specific version of the previously developed Social Mission Metrics survey. Survey responses were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests. ResultsForty-four programs completed the self-assessment. The majority reported having curricular content on the topics of social determinants of health, LGBTQ health, advocacy, and public health (72%-95%). Most programs had no holistic admission policy (63%) and did not require anti-bias training for admission committees (54%). Pathway programs were more common among public (76%) than private schools (33%). ConclusionsGreater focus should be placed on topics including admission policies, leadership diversity, and community involvement to enhance the social mission of ADN programs.

Belongingness, Well-Being and an Interview With Dr Pauline Dow.

The Supreme Court decision that race conscious admissions policies in universities are unconstitutional has created questions and concerns about the sustainability of diversity, equity and inclusion programs in many organizations and across sectors. This editorial provides hopeful examples of how belongingness is being embraced as a core value in many organizations. In an interview with education expert, Dr Pauline Dow, we discuss ways that the education sector creates trust and belongingness and explore best practices and leadership development methods that allow teachers to thrive. Lessons learned in the educator sector offer insights into how belongingness can be cultivated in other sectors, organizations and communities.

The Effects of Admission Policies on Rates of Family Migration in European States, 2008–2019

This study investigates whether and how much family migration policies have influenced patterns of family migration in European states. Family migration has been the largest category of entry in many Western countries in recent decades, and it has been the subject of increasing contestation in political debates. While research on family migration policies has advanced in recent years, no comprehensive cross-country comparisons have been done of the impact of different policies on the size and composition of family migrant inflows. This study addresses this gap by analysing the connection between admission policies and rates of family migration in 31 European states during the 2008 to 2019 period. Combining data from Eurostat and the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX), this study uses a time-series regression analysis to assess the effects of admission policies on different types of family related immigration. While restrictive admission policies have led to falling overall levels of family migration, the analysis here reveals stratifying implications, whereby the effect has been greater where the sponsor is a non-EU citizen than where he/she is an EU citizen. By providing evidence on the differential impacts of admission policies on family related immigration, this study contributes new insights on the effects of restrictive migration policies.

Characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients admitted to intensive care units in cancer specialized hospitals in China

PurposeStandard intensive care unit (ICU) admission policies and treatment strategies for patients with cancer are still lacking. To depict the current status of admission, characteristics, and outcomes of patients with cancer in the ICU.MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study was performed from May 10, 2021 to July 10, 2021, in the ICU departments of 37 cancer-specialized hospitals in China. Clinical records of all admitted patients aged ≥ 14 years and ICU duration > 24 h with complete data were included. Demographic information, clinical history, severity score at admission, ICU critical condition diagnosis and treatment, ICU and in-hospital outcomes and 90 days survival were also collected. A total of 1455 patients were admitted and stayed for longer than 24 h. The most common primary cancer diagnoses included lung, colorectal, esophageal, and gastric cancer.ResultsPatients with lung cancer were admitted more often because of worsening complications that occurred in the clinical ward. However, other cancer patients may be more likely to be admitted to the ICU because of postoperative care. ICU-admitted patients with lung or esophageal cancer tended to have more ICU complications. Patients with lung cancer had a poor overall survival prognosis, whereas patients with colorectal cancer appeared to benefit the most according to 90 days mortality rates.ConclusionPatients with lung cancer require more ICU care due to critical complications and the overall survival prognosis is poor. Colorectal cancer may benefit more from ICU management. This information may be considered in ICU admission and treatment strategies.

A survey of medical schoolaspirant perceptions of an unexpected lottery-facilitated admissions adaptation.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Undergraduate Medical Doctor (MD) Programme at McMaster University (Hamilton, Canada) was unable to run in-person medical school interviews in March 2020, prompting an alternate solution that maximised admission opportunities for Indigenous applicants, prioritised admission for those rated most highly in the interview determination process, and allocated subsequent offers via lottery. A short survey was administered to applicants who had been offered an admissions interview and were subsequently impacted by the admissions adaptations. The survey elicited perceptions of the adaptation through Likert scale ratings and free-text responses. Survey data were analysed via a sequential (quantitative to qualitative) mixed-methods design. 196 of 552 potential participants completed the survey. Across quantitative and qualitative analyses, respondents reported that the adaptation had a negative impact on their professional development and personal life. Ratings of negative perception were greater for those who did not receive an offer than for those who accepted or declined an offer. Free text responses emphasised considerable criticism for the lottery portion of the adaptation and displeasure that efforts made in constructing applications were less relevant than anticipated. The negative responses to this unexpected change highlight the profound upstream impact admission policies have on the preapplication behaviours of aspiring medical students. The outcomes support a refined understanding of the value candidates place on the interview in appraising their own suitability for a career as a physician.

Skin Colour and Priesthood. Debating Bodily Differences in Early Modern Catholicism*

Can people of different skin colours become Catholic priests? What may seem self‐evident from today's perspective, Catholic theologians and canon lawyers controversially debated in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. While most authors agreed that colour per se was not a problematic factor, an increasing number argued that non‐white individuals should not serve as priests in white communities because of the negative reactions they would provoke there. This article argues that by taking this “perspectivist view” the Catholic Church could claim universality and flexibility in its admission policy whereas, in fact, it incorporated and reinforced anti‐Blackness. The article analyses the hitherto unexplored history of this debate, situates it within broader thinking about bodily differences in an increasingly global Catholic world and shows how it intersected with practical issues surrounding the establishment of an indigenous clergy throughout the Catholic empires and missionary zones.

Nuancing the narrative: understanding Asian American opposition to NYC’s selective high school admissions reform

ABSTRACT In this study, the authors conduct a qualitative analysis to examine discourses embedded in the New York City specialized public high schools’ admission reform. Undertaking Critical Discourse Analysis, the article engages with historical and contextual understandings of Asian Americans in the race-conscious admission policy to elite public high schools. The findings reveal themes of racism and anti-Asian American discrimination, meritocracy and colorblindness, and systematic issues and segregation swirling around the policy debate. The authors aim to illuminate the competing values, ideologies, and fundamental issues shaping the epistemological conversation of race, power, and education equity. These discourses shed light on the challenges, benefits, and limitations of the current approach to diversifying elite public high schools in the United States.

대만의 대학 입학제도 변천과정 분석과 시사점

[Purpose]The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and direction of Taiwan's education system and to derive implications by analyzing the change process of the university admission system and changes in university admission policy after 2022.
 [Methods] In order to understand the characteristics and direction of Taiwan's education system and the historical process of change in the university admission system, we analyzed related literature and data and conducted a historical review of major policy changes in university admission. We analyzed the latest policy documents and press releases on Taiwan's university admission system after 2022 to identify new directions and policy changes, and reviewed the changed educational environment. Through this, implications were derived.
 [Results] The main findings of the study are, first, that Taiwan's university admissions system was initially traditional and test-based, but over time it has changed to respect student diversity. Second, since 2022, Taiwan has reorganized its university admissions system to emphasize diversity and reduce the burden of admissions, and promoted fair competition and educational innovation by diversifying admission opportunities and evaluation methods. Third, although the university admissions systems of Taiwan and South Korea differ in various evaluation methods and changes in the admissions system, in recent years, both countries have made efforts to strengthen diversity and fairness.
 [Conclusion] In both Taiwan and Korea, efforts are being made to strengthen diversity and fairness in the university admissions system. Areas in which the two countries can learn from each other include the introduction of various evaluation methods and policies that focus on student participation, and ways to exchange and develop each other's strengths should be sought.

The structure of parents’ social actions on the zonation policy for new students’ admission

This research explores the structure of parents' social actions regarding the zonation policy for new students' admission at SMKN 1 Rejotangan Tulungagung District. The study focuses on the various structures and meanings of the zonation policy, including the New Family Card (KKB), blessings from the school environment (BLS), Keponakan/Niece and Dulur Dewe/Relatives (KDD), Gandheng Gedek or Gandheng Wall (GG/GT), informal entrustment from special persons in government (TWP), special conversations, and special mandate letters from regional government policy makers. According to Max Weber's theory, parents' social actions include taking action with awareness, ensuring they have something right according to the PPDB policy provisions, using methods and techniques, restricting actions to a predetermined time, selecting and assessing actions, hoping for moral principles when making decisions, and learning about social relations between parents and the PPDB committee.