Admission Exam Research Articles

ChatGPT-4 Omni's superiority in answering multiple-choice oral radiology questions.

This study evaluates and compares the performance of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4 Omni (4o), Google Bard, and Microsoft Copilot in responding to text-based multiple-choice questions related to oral radiology, as featured in the Dental Specialty Admission Exam conducted in Türkiye. A collection of text-based multiple-choice questions was sourced from the open-access question bank of the Turkish Dental Specialty Admission Exam, covering the years 2012 to 2021. The study included 123 questions, each with five options and one correct answer. The accuracy levels of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4o, Google Bard, and Microsoft Copilot were compared using descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's post hoc test, and Cochran's Q test. The accuracy of the responses generated by the four chatbots exhibited statistically significant differences (p = 0.000). ChatGPT-4o achieved the highest accuracy at 86.1%, followed by Google Bard at 61.8%. ChatGPT-3.5 demonstrated an accuracy rate of 43.9%, while Microsoft Copilot recorded a rate of 41.5%. ChatGPT-4o showcases superior accuracy and advanced reasoning capabilities, positioning it as a promising educational tool. With regular updates, it has the potential to serve as a reliable source of information for both healthcare professionals and the general public. Not applicable.

Selecting Top Bureaucrats: Admission Exams and Performance in Brazil

Abstract In the absence of strong incentives, public service delivery is crucially dependent on bureaucrat selection. Despite wide adoption by governments, it is unclear whether civil service examinations reliably select for job performance. We investigate this question focusing on state judges in Brazil. Exploring monthly data on judicial output and cross-court movement, we estimate that judges account for at least 23% of the observed variation in the number of cases disposed. With novel data on admission examinations, we show that judges with higher grades perform better than lower-ranked peers. Our results suggest competitive examinations can be an effective way to screen candidates.

Academia da Força Aérea

The article discusses the importance of promoting the Air Force Academy (AFA) in Brazil, especially after its transfer to the interior of São Paulo, which led to widespread unawareness of the institution. Analyzing data from admission exams, the text reveals that, although there are about 260 annual vacancies, the average number of candidates per vacancy is relatively low, indicating the need to increase the number of applicants. The author proposes various promotional strategies, such as lectures in schools and film screenings, to attract more youth and make the AFA a recognized institution nationwide. The conclusion emphasizes that effective promotional work can result in a more rigorous selection process and the training of cadets with greater intellectual potential.

The pedagogical effectiveness of the programmed learning of English tenses: A pedagogical experiment

The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a programmed approach to teaching English verb tenses. This approach is essential for enhancing grammar instruction in the classroom. A total of 23 first-year students from Toraighyrov University participated in both studies. Before the experiments, the participants were divided into two groups. During the first stage of the experiment (2021–2022), both groups started with a similar level of English proficiency assessed through admission exams. There was a noticeable difference in the initial proficiency between the two groups during the second stage (2022–2023). After completing the learning process, the participants underwent a post-assessment to measure their progress in using tense forms. In a second experiment, the order of events was reversed. In this study, the criterion measures method, statistical method, statistical analysis of the test, and data collection and analysis were employed. Based on the preliminary findings, students experienced enhanced learning and engagement when studying English grammar using programmed learning methods compared to traditional approaches. It was concluded that programmed learning helps students to memorize and comprehend grammar concepts more efficiently through structured progression and immediate feedback, indicating that it is a viable approach to teaching grammar.

Do Less Informative College Admission Exams Reduce Earnings Inequality? Evidence from Colombia

Previous articleNext article No AccessDo less informative college admission exams reduce earnings inequality? Evidence from ColombiaEvan RiehlEvan Riehl Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Labor Economics Just Accepted Published for the Society of Labor Economists, Economics Research Center/ NORC Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/725167 Views: 13Total views on this site HistoryAccepted March 22, 2023 © 2023 The University of Chicago. All Rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Spirituality and health of medicine students

Spirituality has been linked to medicine since ancient times, but over time beliefs about spirituality were replaced by scientism and technicality. In the field of medicine, this impact was very significant, because the act of caring is essential, and this care was gradually lost.Recent studies such as the one by ATARI et al., (2020) have been evaluating the effects of adopting spiritual practices such as mindfulness meditation by university students and have observed various types of benefits in mental health, body relaxation, sleep quality, self-knowledge and well-being. be.This study aimed to analyze the possible relationship between spiritual practice and the emotional stability of young people and how spirituality can contribute to the strengthening of medical students who have just entered the course and the challenge of preparing for admission exams. This is known to be a phase of a lot of pressure and anguish, given the wide competition and stress of the candidates, as well as showing the students’ relationship with spiritual or spiritual practices.A quantitative-descriptive study was carried out with 123 students entering the Medicine course who attended the 1st and 2nd semester of the years 2020 and 2021. Data were collected through a Google Forms questionnaire, with multiple-choice questions and the term of consent for data collection. Then, the data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel for the stratification of responses and interpretation of results.Of the students who answered that they practice some spiritual activity or meditation linked to spirituality, there was a discrepancy: 23.39% of them managed to keep their focus on studies and managed well the pressure of the entrance exam against 12.9% of the group that does not practice any spiritualist activity. or declared himself an atheist.Another parallel is that the non-practicing group totaled 34.68% of them reported a lot of difficulty under the pressure of vestibular exams against only 19.85% of the group that had a life with regular activity and spiritual connection.The observed data infer that women, are more involved with religious practices ,but due to the small sample of man,any conclusion regarding gender was discarded.In conclusion,we can say that the results obtained in the study suggest that it is possible to have in spirituality a resource to assist in emotional management and maintain focus on studies,since the data allow associiating a direct relationship between the practice of spirituality or (Faith) and the greater ability to withstand pressures such aas studies for entrance exams.

Predictive Model for the classification of university students at risk of academic loss

For higher education institutions, predicting the risk of academic loss is a priority issue due to the resources invested by institutions, students and the academic community in general. Objective: the objective of this research was to propose a suitable model that allows predicting students who are at risk of academic loss in a chemistry course. Methodology: the quasi-experimental, predictive, longitudinal research was developed with data from 103 students from four Colombian universities. To build the model, a comparison of five algorithms was implemented. Data was processed with Jupyter-Python. Results: the logistic regression model (LR) was built based on the students’ results on the Saber 11 test (Colombian nation-wide university admission exam), in which the penalty of false positives with different weights from the false negatives improved the performance of the model. Conclusions: it is concluded that LR is substantially better than grasping or a guessing approach, furthermore, it was shown to perform better than a neural network model.

Teacher value-added and gender gaps in educational outcomes

This paper uses rich administrative data from Chile to estimate teacher value added (TVA) on test scores and on an educational attainment index. We allow each teacher to have a different TVA for male and female students and show that differences in TVA explain an important part of the gender gaps we observe in test scores and postsecondary education trajectories. The gaps in gender-specific teaching effectiveness are especially pronounced in mathematics. Indeed, eliminating within-teacher differences in math test score VA would reduce the gender gap in math performance by 67%. We explore what could be behind these gaps in gender-specific TVA and find no significant differences in what makes teachers effective for male and female students. We do find, however, significant associations between teacher characteristics—e.g., gender and performance in the college admission exam—and practices—e.g., paying attention to low-performing students, congratulating students who improve, and having a good relationship with students—with teacher effectiveness. Finally, we also show that math teachers tend to be biased in favor of male students and that teachers with smaller gender biases are more effective for both, male and female students.

An Exploration of Predictors of English Scores in an Admission Examination: Research Notes from the Turkish Context

This study aimed to identify the predictors of the short answer scores in the English component of a private high school entrance exam. A purposive of 390 high school students were drawn from the student body who took the admission exam of a private co-educational high school implementing two international programs (International General Certificate of Secondary Education and International Baccalaureate Diploma Program) along with the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) program. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the predictors of English scores in the school admission examination. A statistically significant and moderate relationship was found between the scores in English and Mathematics scores in this admission exam conducted in a school located in eastern Turkey. The study is significant as it was conducted in a Turkish context using an admission assessment test for the first time. The findings yield important implications for practice for educators, practitioners, and curriculum policymakers.

The Short- and the Long-Run Impact of Gender-Biased Teachers

We examine the persistence of teachers’ gender biases by following teachers over time in different classes. We find a very high correlation of gender biases for teachers across their classes. We find a substantial impact of gender bias on student performance in university admissions exams, choice of university field of study, and quality of the enrolled program. The effects on university choice outcomes are larger for girls, explaining some gender differences in STEM majors. Teachers with lower value-added are also more likely to be gender biased. (JEL I21, I23, J16, J24, J45)

Charting new AI education in gastroenterology: Cross-sectional evaluation of ChatGPT and perplexity AI in medical residency exam

BackgroundConversational chatbots, fueled by large language models, spark debate over their potential in education and medical career exams. There is debate in the literature about the scientific integrity of the outputs produced by these chatbots. AimsThis study evaluates ChatGPT 3.5 and Perplexity AI's cross-sectional performance in responding to questions from the 2023 Italian national residency admission exam (SSM23), comparing results and chatbots' concordance with previous years SSMs. MethodsGastroenterology-related SSM23 questions were input into ChatGPT 3.5 and Perplexity AI, evaluating their performance in correct responses and total scores. This process was repeated with questions from the three preceding years. Additionally, chatbot concordance was assessed using Cohen's method. ResultsIn SSM23, ChatGPT 3.5 outperforms Perplexity AI with 94.11% correct responses, demonstrating consistency across years. Concordance weakened in 2023 (κ=0.203, P = 0.148), but ChatGPT consistently maintains a high standard compared to Perplexity AI. ConclusionChatGPT 3.5 and Perplexity AI exhibit promise in addressing gastroenterological queries, emphasizing potential educational roles. However, their variable performance mandates cautious use as supplementary tools alongside conventional study methods. Clear guidelines are crucial for educators to balance traditional approaches and innovative systems, enhancing educational standards.

Winter weather on exam dates and matriculation for a prestigious university in Japan

Whereas there are growing numbers of studies on how heat affects cognitive performance at high-stakes settings, the effect of cold weather has been less studied. To fill this gap, I analyze the effects of winter weather on exam dates on performance at the centralized exam for university admission in Japan. Since students take the exam in their own prefectures, they are exposed to different weather conditions on the exam dates. I find that low temperature and snow cumulated on the ground reduce matriculation shares for the most prestigious university in Japan, the University of Tokyo. This result suggests that the winter weather on exam dates worsens exam performance.

Establishing Norms Levels For Physical Fitness For The Students Admission Exam In The Physical Education Departments In Palestinians Universities.


 The studyinvestigates the possibility of building up standard levels of physical and in testing students who apply for the entrance exam in the faculties of physical education in Palestinian universities . To achieve this goal , the study was conducted on a random sample of 190,174 male and female studentsrespectively in four Palestinian universities ( Al-Najah university ,Khadouri university , Al-Quds Open university and Arab American university – Jenin ).Those students are first- years who underwent ability test in their universities .The tool of the study consists of a number of physical skill examinations that focus on flexibility , agility , speed , muscular strength, fortitude and precision , The data was collected and analysed using the program (spss). The study finds that the students, level in both physical and tactical skill examinations was average. Physical fitness tests for male and female students were founded on standard levels in which the results were illustrated as: flexibility (bending the trunk of the body) , agility (hurdle zigzag race ) , speed ( 30m race ) , fortitude (1500m race), precision ( aiming by the hand at the interlocked circle).The researcher recommends that it is necessary to adopt standard levels the study arrived at in the selection and acceptance of first-year students in the faculties and sections of physical education in Palestinian universities ,provided that there need be a unified system based on scientific standards in all universities in Palestine .
 

LITERACY OF GUINEAN STUDENTS IN RELATION TO OPINION WRITING BEFORE STARTING UNILAB

This work investigates the experience of five Guinean students about opinion writing before starting the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia (UNILAB), this type of writing is requested in admission exam for the selection process for foreign students at UNILAB. Methodologically, the research is a case study with qualitative analysis. Two instruments were used for the initial data collection procedure: the interview and the writing of an opinion article. However, for this text, only the interview part was explored, the answer to two interview questions about the target audience’s knowledge and mastery of writing opinion articles before their arrival at UNILAB. The form of analysis was based on the thematic analysis founded by Minayo (2007). As a result, it is concluded that students have little mastery of producing opinionated genres, before arriving in Brazil, because writing practice is not recurrent during their secondary education in Guinea-Bissau.

Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models for Spanish Language in Undergraduate Admissions Exams

Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models for Spanish Language in Undergraduate Admissions Exams

Courses that Impact the Terminal Efficiency in the Dentistry Career at the University of Costa Rica (2007-2014)

The main objective of this study was to determine the failure rates of the courses in the curriculum of the Dentistry degree program at the University of Costa Rica for the cohorts from 2007 to 2014. Data from 736 records were used. The variables considered were the following: gender, age at admission, nationality, marital status, children, domicile, previous high school attended, admission exam scores, and approved courses. The data were obtained from the Student Application System, physical records, and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Costa Rica. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Among the students, 98% were Costa Rican, 68% were female, 79% were admitted based on their admission exam scores, 43% were admitted at the age of 18 or younger, 50% came from public schools, 77% resided in the Greater Metropolitan Area, and 95% were single and childless. The majority of study dropouts occurred in the first four cycles of the dentistry degree. The courses with the lowest overall success rate in the curriculum were service courses: General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Elemental Mathematics. Among the core courses, the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinic and the Endodontics Clinic had the highest failure rates. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the approval rates of the physics course and the school of origin. In the Dentistry degree program at University of Costa Rica, the failure rate is high in the first four cycles of the program, which is when service courses are mainly offered. As for the core courses, the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinic and the Endodontics Clinic had the lowest success rates.

Abstract 110: Autoangiogenesis Secondary to Chronic Cocaine Use Mimicking Moya‐Moya

Introduction We present the case of a young male presenting with syncope who was found to have incidental hypodensities on computed tomography (CT) of his head, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) concerning for Moya‐Moya related occlusion of the right internal carotid artery, but with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showing extensive autoangiogenesis and collateralization from all other intracranial vascular territories, without Moya‐Moya related changes. This presumably developed as reactive changes to severe chronic cocaine use. Methods We present a case from a tertiary care center in the borough of Manhattan, New York City, USA. All information is deidentified and exempt from IRB approval. Results A 36‐year‐old man with history significant for asthma, active smoker status, and active cocaine use, presented for loss of consciousness. The patient reported 3 days of upper respiratory symptoms and decreased oral intake with subsequent loss of consciousness immediately preceded by lightheadedness and nausea, and without any post‐event confusion, lacerations, or incontinence. Neurologic history is significant for right upper extremity weakness from 9/2022‐12/2022 that self‐resolved and was believed to be a peripheral nerve pathology. Admission exam without focal deficits. Admission CT of his head showed multifocal confluent hypodensities in the subcortical right frontal lobe. CT Angiogram of head and neck showed severe narrowing at right Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) terminus and right M1 segment with lenticulostriate arterial collateralization, severe bilateral A1 stenosis with distal Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) flow suggestive of chronic collateralization, and significant right Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) collateralization. Given concern for Moya‐Moya disease, MRI of the brain was obtained and despite no acute infarct, MRI was significant for multifocal white matter T2/FLAIR hyperintensities with the largest in the right frontal lobe. The patient subsequently underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to assess collaterals and stratify for possible need for future encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS). DSA showed significant auto‐angiogenesis between numerous vascular territories, including recruitment of right Posterior Cerebral Artery and External Carotid Artery branches to perfuse the territory of the severe right ICA terminus steno‐occlusive disease. With minimal anterograde flow into the right Anterior Choroidal Artery and none to the right Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), the characteristic Moya‐Moya appearance was not appreciated on DSA given minimal anigogenesis around the right ICA occlusion site. Rather, distal perfusion of the R ICA territory was dependent on collaterals from the right PCA, right ACA via the Anterior Communicating Artery, angiogenesis between the right Anterior Falcine Artery and R ACA, and angiogenesis between the right MCA and ACA/MCA cortical branches. These proliferative changes involved all cranial vascular territories, including those without steno‐occlusive disease. Conclusion Acute cocaine use is associated with increased risk of acute ischemic stroke[1], due in part to its sympathomimetic effects causing vasospasm and to its arrhythmic properties[2]. Neuroadaptation after chronic cocaine use is less well understood though rat models suggest that as cerebral ischemia develops from chronic cocaine use, the HIF‐VEGF pathway is activated to promote angiogenesis to restore local blood flow[3]. We present this case as evidence of a similar angiogenic physiologic response in humans to minimize the microvascular ischemic injury from chronic cocaine use.

Directive Speech Actions in the TikTok Comments Column Kompas TV

The objective of this study is to investigate and provide a comprehensive analysis of the many roles of directed speech acts seen inside the comment section of @Kompas TV on TikTok. The theoretical framework employed in this study pertains to the analysis of directive speech acts as proposed by Searle. This study employs a qualitative methodology and employs content analysis techniques to facilitate the identification and categorization of data by the researchers. The information was gathered from a TikTok video posted by @Kompas TV that addressed revisions to the Minister of Education’s college admission exams. Included in this research data is every comment made by a netizen that was found to have an intended use. Data collection methods used in this study include note-taking, listening, and documentation. The study’s findings indicated that 848 comments from netizens contained 61 directive expressions. Out of the total of 61 utterances, the set of five functions attributed to directive speech acts comprises the actions of directing, ordering, requesting, advising, and recommending. The most dominant function of directive speech acts is the act of suggesting through 18 utterances. This is due to the intention of the netizen to prompt the recipient of the comment to follow the recommendation expressed. In contrast, the least expression function is advising, which typically involves four data. This is due to the fact that online users frequently offer advice rather than thoughtful criticism that the recipient may or may not find acceptable.

An Evaluation of the Chinese CollegeAdmission Examination System from the Standpoint of Equity in Public Policy

The provincial education examination institution mandate system for Chinas college entrance examination was approved by the relevant national department or is implementing an independent proposition. It is uniformly dispatched by the Ministry of Education and implemented and managed by the provincial enrollment and examination committees. Its nature dictates that social justice must exist. The battle for college entrance exams has grown more intense as the number of exams for admission to colleges continues to rise. Then came the sociological phenomenon of immigrants taking college admission exams. This article will use the phenomenon of college entrance examination immigration as an illustration to explain the need for its public policy for the equitable distribution of social value through a thorough analysis of college entrance examination admissions. The fairness of the new college entrance exam system must be continually improved. To take into account the interests of all parties and maximize the overall efficacy of public policy, social values must be distributed fairly.

THE CORRELATION AMONG DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXAMS IN AZERBAIJAN

It is crucial to examine the alignment of different exam results conducted by various organizations to improve the quality of assessment. The research used a document analysis method with recent, publicly available national and international reports addressing the research question. The following main question was examined through the document analysis: What exams have the highest correlation and are more trustworthy in Azerbaijan for short and long-term outcomes? The data were analyzed to discover any statistical comparisons of university admission exams with the 9th and 11th grade SEC exams, school grades, and other assessments. Research shows that the State Examination Center’s exams align with its own evaluations and international assessment (OECD). They can be considered methodologically rigorous, providing a more valid yardstick for measuring student knowledge and achievement. Overall, exams by the SEC had a high correlation coefficient compared to Higher Education Institutions’ assessments. As more and more international students want to pursue their education in Azerbaijan, these findings can be valuable for their decision-making and tertiary level. Keywords: educational evaluation, exam correlation, large-scale exams, national and international measurement