Admission Campaign Research Articles

Применение алгоритма машинного обучения для профориентации абитуриентов высшего учебного заведения

The aim of the article is to describe the experience of implementing our own software product (Wizard UrFU) for career guidance and navigation of university entrants. The importance of introducing digital technologies for career guidance and navigation of university entrants is substantiated. The article addresses both sociological and IT tasks. On the part of information technology, a description is given of the main methods on which the work of a software product for vocational guidance and navigation of applicants can be built. In particular, we have proved that the most promising is the complex method, which is based on a combination of several methods and algorithms for the operation of neural networks for vocational guidance and navigation of applicants. The article describes the algorithm of the software product developed by our team. We show that this algorithm is based on the analysis of digital traces of applicants in the social network VKontakte. The algorithm uses the machine learning method. We also show that the career guidance system in the Wizard web application is based on a comparison of profile data in the VKontakte social network and generalized data of university students successfully enrolled in one of the educational programs. We analyzed the statistics of recommendations of educational programs to UrFU applicants using the UrFU Wizard web application using the Yandex. Metrics. The socio-demographic portrait of the UrFU Wizard software product user is a young man (or woman) aged 18 to 24 from Yekaterinburg or Sverdlovsk Oblast. This description fully coincides with the main target audience of the Ural Federal University. As a result, 12,780 potential applicants of Ural Federal University started submitting documents through the web application. In addition, 32% or 15,293 applicants made a transition to the institutions’ social networks and educational programs for a more detailed acquaintance. The analysis of the admission campaign results showed that all educational programs that were in the TOP of recommended areas had a significant increase in applicants compared to previous years. In general, Ural Federal University in 2021 held the most massive admission campaign among higher educational institutions in the Russian Federation. In our opinion, the use of services based on the work of artificial intelligence for career guidance and navigation of applicants of a higher educational institution allows a successful solution of the following tasks: to expand the geography of admission without holding face-to-face meetings with applicants; to increase the reach of the advertising campaign and personalize advertising offers; to attract creative and motivated youth; to help the applicant to make the right choice of the direction of training and thereby increase the motivation to study.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЯ МЕДИААНАЛИТИКИ В ВУЗЕ: ФОРМАТЫ, ВЕКТОРЫ, ПОТЕНЦИАЛ

Subject of the article: analysis of the methodological component and functionality of the «SCAN-INTERFAX» system for student research. Object of the article: usage of media analytics tools at the university. The goal of the project: is to show the possibilities of media analysis for assessing the PR activities of a university, the role of an educational institution and the higher education system as a whole in the public mind and competitive environment (among some other universities), from a methodological point of view, to comprehend the functional and research tools of an autonomous media and social media monitoring system «SCAN-INTERFAX» and to estimate the attractiveness of the system for student scientific research. Methodology of work: statistical, infographic, monitoring method, content analysis, that made it possible to present a detailed interpretation of the numerical data generated by the informational and analytical system. Field of application of the results: the data obtained has the key importance for the university in the context of reputation policy, holding an admission campaign and, more broadly, estimating the attractiveness of higher education for a whole society. The study made it possible to obtain data needed for adjusting the work and developing the recommendations. Research materials can demanded by the analytical and PR services of the university, education authorities of various levels, state and municipal governments. Conclusion: analysis of the methodological components and functionality of the «SCANINTERFAX» system made it possible to highly appreciate its research tools and draw conclusions about the perspectives of media analytics and its attractiveness for student scientific research. The experience gained in the field of media analytics can be useful in informational, communicational, socio-political and other interdisciplinary research.

ВИКЛИКИ В ОСВІТНІЙ ГАЛУЗІ В ПЕРІОД ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ В УКРАЇНІ: НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ ПЕРЕБУДОВИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

The article deals with the study of a wide range of problems facing the education system as a result of Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine. The urgency of this study is conditioned by the need to analyze educational problems, including analytical and information support of the educational sector during the martial law; search for science-based state policy in the field of education, using reliable data in wartime and post-war time. An analysis of the processes that occurred during the first three months of the war shows that the Ministry of Education of Ukraine (MES) has taken unprecedented steps to ensure the continuity of the educational process in all segments of the Ukrainian education system. In particular, the efforts of the MES together with educational and research institutions, international and NGOs, have ensured the stability of the education system, the availability and continuity of the educational process almost throughout Ukraine. It was found that, despite the significant scale of destruction and damage, educational managers with the unprecedented support of the international community and Ukrainian citizens, using various forms of education, managed to ensure the continuation of the educational process. Special procedures have been elaborated for the completion of the school year 2021/2022 and the launch of the university admission campaign in 2022. The main characteristics of educational information support in turbulent social conditions are outlined. In such circumstances, specific requirements were set for analytical and information support to the education sector, since effective management of education requires reliable information and analysis of educational processes within a short period of time. Proposals have been prepared for the organization of informational educational support during martial law. Analysis of military risks was carried out, and a number of suggestions for improving the efficiency of the educational system during the period of martial law and post-war development were formulated. The article summarizes the relevance of continuing the scientific search for ways of information and analytical support under conditions of social turbulence, and, consequently, the need to develop appropriate, evidence-based approaches and methods involving a wide range of stakeholders.

Аналіз ефективності вступної кампанії закладів вищої освіти України та способів її підвищення шляхом впровадження інформаційних технологій

The article considers the enrollment campaign of higher education institutions of Ukraine as one of the strategically important areas of their activities. The analysis of modern scientific research that considers the introductory campaign's organization and carrying out and their basic tendencies are defined. One of the priorities of higher education institutions, which needs constant research and improvement, is the search for and implementation of technological innovations, particularly during the introductory campaign. To determine possible ways to implement technologies that would give an effective result for the institution itself and applicants and society as a whole, the concept of the effectiveness of the introductory campaign is analyzed. The main indicators of efficiency are the quantitative and qualitative set of students according to the goals and opportunities of each educational institution. The peculiarities of the interaction of entrants as the target audience and the educational institution to provide the effectiveness of those indicators. To determine the target audience's information needs, authors present an analysis of the statistical data of the admission campaign of the Lviv Polytechnic National University. Dataset included information about the 1st year full-time bachelor's program applicants. The analysis was carried out based on the following indicators: the number of applications for the state budget, the maximum possible number of budget places determined by the university, the priority of applications for admission, and external independent evaluation scores. The analysis allowed to identify current needs for applicants and educational institutions. In order to support the decision-making of applicants and solve the problems facing the university, it was proposed to implement an information system, the main components of which are the recommendation of possible educational programs for admission and evaluation of the success of admission. Following the limitations and requirements of this study and the objectives, set general requirements for the information system.

ПРОФОРИЕНТАЦИОННАЯ РАБОТА СО ШКОЛЬНИКАМИ В СИСТЕМЕ ИНЖЕНЕРНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Engineering degrees are gradually losing prestige as modern schoolchildren underestimate the prospects of engineering education. High-quality and effective career guidance is one of the possible ways to solve this problem, yet a recommended set of effective methods to guide schoolchildren is still undefined. The article substantiates the relevance of career guidance methods in engineering education to attract high school students to technical specialties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the practices of career guidance work using the interactive quest method and to study the advantages and disadvantages of the interactive method considering its further improvement and application. To achieve the goal, analytical methods and systematic analysis of the SUSU Polytechnic Institute’s experience were used. The authors identified an innovative method for conducting career guidance events. The presented analysis can be useful for the admission campaign organizers involved in preparing and implementing career guidance activities for engineering education.

Mechanisms of interaction between employers and vocational educational organizations in a situation of uncertainty

In a situation of uncertainty, there is a rapid change of priorities, which is reflected both in the requirements for the level of professional training of specialists and in the requests of employers for new specialties. However, the list of specialties and areas of training of workers for the regional economy in the regional system of secondary vocational education is formed on the basis of applications from employers for a five-year perspective, but in a situation of uncertainty, no one can guarantee that in five years graduates of a particular specialty or profession will be in demand in the labor market. To achieve a balance in this problem, it is necessary to develop and implement new mechanisms for interaction between professional educational organizations and employers. The aim of this study is to determine the list of popular vocational education specialties, the description and identification of effective mechanisms of interaction between professional educational organizations and employers that affect the improvement of the quality of specialists training and the indicators of their employment according to their specialty based on the analysis of the indicators of the admission campaign and graduates employment of vocational education system of the Republic of Buryatia.

Dual education in Ukraine: from legal support to implementation problems

The current situation in the labor market makes it necessary to solve the issues related to providing its employees with the appropriate level of knowledge and skills that would meet the requirements stipulated for young professionals by their employers, therefor the issue of introducing a dual form of education is relevant. The purpose of the paper is to study the problematic issues that arise in the course of introduction of the dual form of education in higher education establishment and state of legislation regulating these issues. The paper analyzes the issues related to the decline in confidence in higher education, provides data on the admission campaign for the applicants of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The need for the introduction of a dual form of education is justified, including data on the interest of students in this form of education. The authors of the paper analyze the current legislation on the regulation of dual education, in particular, identify the need for amendments to be made in the regulations, first of all, need to consider the issue of improving labor legislation, namely regulation of labor relations between employee (the person studying) and employer under the time of obtaining a dual form of education and establishing a number of guarantees for such employees. The term "labor function" should be introduced in labor legislation and should be based on a competency-based approach, as well as guaranteeing the right to remuneration of employees, who study according to a dual form of education. Yet, there is a need to continue the implementation of the Government Concept for implementation of dual education. The authors of the paper also cover and analyze a number of issues that arise in the course of implementation of the dual form of education: organizational, educational and methodological and psychological.

Gradual college admission

We study multi-period college admission problems where, at each period, a matching is computed and students have the option to either finalize their matches or participate in the next period. Students participating in an additional run of the matching mechanism can submit a new rank order list to the matching clearinghouse. Such gradual matching systems can adequately account for an additional source of heterogeneity among participants, like withdrawals. We identify the conditions under which such systems first ensure that participating in additional runs of the matching mechanism is safe for participants (in the sense that they can secure the spot they obtained at the previous round) and second yield to stable matchings (with a stability concept adapted to this environment). We use our results to evaluate the former French college admission system, where students could finalize their matches at different dates up to two months ahead the end of the admission campaign.

Opportunities of the Admission Campaign to Promote the Professional Self-Determination of Migrant-Students

The article substantiates the necessity to promote the process of professional self-determination of migrant-students. The analysis of theoretical research on the problem reveals the reasons that impedes this process among students in general (insufficient school work aiming at organizing career guidance, the change of paradigms from “one job for life” to the concept of “diversity”), and migrant-students in particular (the influence of external factors, “administrative nationalism”). Some real successful practices during admission campaigns, and the possibilities of using the experience of foreign universities (applicant’s portfolio, structured interview), described in the article, can significantly contribute to the efficiency of the process of professional self-determination of migrant-students. The purpose of this article is to identify the possibilities of the admission campaign to promote professional self-determination of applicants with migrant background. Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of a set of complementary methods: analysis of pedagogical literature; generalization of scientific information obtained in the course of the study; diagnostic methods. Conclusion. The organization of an admission campaign, aiming at overcoming the problems considering the possibilities of using foreign experience, has a significant potential for providing support for the professional self-determination of a migrant student.

Analysis of Soft Skills Implementation in the System of Foreign Language Training in Higher School

The article substantiates the necessity to promote the process of professional self-determination of migrant-students. The analysis of theoretical research on the problem reveals the reasons that impedes this process among students in general (insufficient school work aiming at organizing career guidance, the change of paradigms from “one job for life” to the concept of “diversity”), and migrant-students in particular (the influence of external factors, “administrative nationalism”). Some real successful practices during admission campaigns, and the possibilities of using the experience of foreign universities (applicant’s portfolio, structured interview), described in the article, can significantly contribute to the efficiency of the process of professional self-determination of migrant-students. The purpose of this article is to identify the possibilities of the admission campaign to promote professional self-determination of applicants with migrant background. Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of a set of complementary methods: analysis of pedagogical literature; generalization of scientific information obtained in the course of the study; diagnostic methods. Conclusion. The organization of an admission campaign, aiming at overcoming the problems considering the possibilities of using foreign experience, has a significant potential for providing support for the professional self-determination of a migrant student.

The genesis of IT tools in making management decisions of the university admission committee

The article discusses the issue of the dynamics of changes in IT tools that have been and are used to make management decisions in the work of the university admission committee. The main directions of the work of the admission committee are highlighted: organizational and methodological, technological, the actual admission campaign and generalization, as the final stage at which the results of the admission campaign are summed up. The features of each of the directions are highlighted and the IT tools that were used for them are indicated. It is shown that over the past two decades, IT tools have undergone drastic changes, which are associated with an increase in the functionality of the admission committee. Arguments are given in support of the thesis that the solution for automating the management activities of the university, in particular for the admission campaign, over the past years has been a domestic software on the 1C:Enterprise platform — the 1C:University system. The article presents the stage-by-stage coordination of the admission campaign — from planning and forming the required list of documents (application of the applicant, receipt, examination sheets) to processing information about entrance examinations and USE results, forming enrollment orders. It is shown that the 1C:University system occupies an important place in the automation of many processes taking place in the admission office of the university. Online services that are important for the organization of the admission campaign are described.

System technologies for the formation of a data control contour for the personal account of an applicant based on the 1C:Enterprise 8.3 platform

The article considers the actual information technologies of the organization of a component distributed system for the distance enrollment of applicants within the framework of the 1C:Enterprise 8.3 platform. The concept of a modified component architecture of interaction with a web contour is proposed, which implementing the module of dynamic designing of web contour interface, as well as the automated functionality of data management directly on the standard 1C software products. The system principles for the organization of the contour of the website “Personal account of an applicant” have been formulated, they allow to integrate the management of the web contour into the circulation software solutions both for higher education (1C:University PROF) and for secondary vocational education (1C:College PROF) in terms of mechanisms for the dynamic designing of interfaces and the contour of data processing of site users. The implemented contour of designing site interfaces allows you to dynamically change the components of the site’s web forms, as well as to define the details displayed in the web user interface. A description of the mechanisms of dynamic interaction of the interfaces of the “Personal account of an applicant” site with the dynamic data management contour within the framework of the 1C:Enterprise 8.3 platform is given. The information components of the interaction contour of the site interfaces have been determined. The elements of the site control contour and their purpose have been specified. A conceptual universal scheme for the development of a web based data moderating contour has been formulated, and technologies for interaction with an internal accounting system for automating an admission campaign have been determined.

Аналіз попиту на освітні послуги ЗВО в розрізі окремих спеціальностей

Ukrainian higher education is in a state of reforming, which aimes at improving its quality and is accompanied by a reduction in its generality. During the admission campaign in 2020, the concept of «indicative self-cost of educational services» was for the first time used, the purpose of which was to reduce the demand for training at the expense of individuals (contract) in the State-owned higher education institutions. The publication considers the study of the efficiency of the State regulation of qualifying for a government scholarship as to certain specialties. For this purpose, data on the results of the 2020 admission campaign from the unified State electronic database on education were used. The educational space was divided into several subspaces, for each of these the ratio between the number of applications submitted and the license volume was obtained. It was found that the most in demand for a long time are specialties related to jurisprudence, in the smallest demand are specialties of engineering, where the competition is two applications for three budget places (1.50). The publication uses econometric methods of analysis of digital information, assessments of the elasticity of the introductory score according to the general competition and its marginal value are carried out. Recommendations on refusal of expert assessments in the regulation of the students’ admission and redistribution of financial resources in favor of high-demand specialties are provided.

The economic and organizational model of the international admission campaign during the COVID-19 pandemic (the case of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology)

Relevance. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, universities all over the world had to deal with a major challenge – transition from face-to-face to online learning. It was necessary to make this transition without damaging the quality of education and the transparency of examinations, especially entrance examinations taken by international students. The number of the latter fell significantly because of the pandemic and the competition for overseas students became especially fierce. One of the optimal solutions to the problem of conducting entrance exams during the pandemic was the online proctoring system. Research objective. This research aims to assess the economic efficiency of the online proctoring system by looking at the case of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT). Data and methods. The article compares the most popular online proctoring systems on the market and used by universities in Russia and other country. Furthermore, it analyzes the results of the international admission campaign in 2020 and the economic effect of the in-house proctoring system in comparison with other readymade solutions. Results. The research results showed that the MIPT’s in-house proctoring system is no less efficient than the most popular readymade systems used by the majority of universities in Russia and worldwide, yet the costs of developing and operating the university’s own system are significantly lower. Conclusion. The development of an in-house online proctoring system can increase the economic efficiency of universities in terms of international admission in the forthcoming years.

РОЗВИТОК РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ (ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ТЕХНІЧНОЇ) ОСВІТИ

The entry campaign for vocational education institutions in Ukraine traditionally starts in May-June and lasts until 1 September, but enrolment is not interrupted throughout the calendar year. During 2011-2020, there was a steady decline in the number of students and trainees admitted to vocational education institutions. The main reason for the considerable reluctance of young people and adults to acquire working professions is the false stereotype of its prestige. As a result of the admission campaign launched in 2021, for the first time in the last ten years, there has been an increase in the number of entrants to vocational education institutions. New entrants are offered integrated, consolidated professions that will help them to acquire wide-ranging qualifications and competencies. The article ranks the most popular integrated professions among this year's entrants. Factors contributing to the prestige of vocational education were identified. In particular, vocational guidance is being actively provided to young students and the number of Training аnd Practical Centres is increasing. The process of optimizing the network of vocational education institutions will also enhance the prestige and competitiveness of vocational education. The study found that Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Odesa, Zaporizhzhia, Vinnytsіa, and Kyiv are the leaders in terms of the number of persons admitted to vocational institutions, the number of Training аnd Practical Centres established, the number of dual vocational training students. The main direction of further increase in the number of entrants to vocational education institutions is the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine "On Vocational Education" in the draft of which changes are proposed regarding the image of vocational education, as well as the terminology, content and mecha­nisms of functioning have been updated.

The influence of indicative cost on the formation of financial potential of higher education institutions in Ukraine

The introduction of innovations in the financial management of higher education institutions (hereinafter – HEIs) is taking place along with other changes in the educational and scientific field and is an important issue today. One of the innovations is the Procedure for the formation of minimum tuition fee for higher education on the basis of indicative ownership, which extends to 38 most popular specialties. The influence of state regulation of the minimum level of the cost of paid educational services for specialists training in some popular specialties on the formation of the financial potential of HEIs is investigated in this paper. The amount of tuition fees for students and indicators of the admission campaign in 2020/2021 academic year of some state HEIs in Lviv region is analyzed. Comparing them with the data of previous academic year, we can see that in HEIs where the cost significantly increase due to the indicative cost use, the number of entrants to the paid form of education are reducing. For comprehensive vision, considerable attention is paid to the national demographic and political situation, as well as to the approaches to higher education funding. The level of actual budget expenditures for the preparation of one applicant for higher education in different state HEIs is analyzed. It is revealed that entrant's demand directly depends on the cost of education. And the financial potential of HEIs which is formed, in particular, through paid educational services depends on the number of enrolled students who will study at the expense of individuals and legal entities. We believe that while forming the price offer and establishing the final cost of training specialists in all specialties in HEIs, in addition to considering all costs of providing services, it is necessary to take into account the situation on the market of educational services and analyze supply and demand for each specialty. It is concluded that the continued application of regulation rules of a reasonable price for education will contribute to the development of competitive educational environment, increase the responsibility of participants in the educational process, and will contribute to financial stability of HEIs.

Analysis of educational migration processes: regional aspect

Analysis and consideration of current migration trends in our country, in particular mass interstate migration movements in the context of Ukraine's participation in the European and world migration space, are considered among the important factors in shaping its national policy. Educational migration is a special threat to the socio-economic development of the country and sustainable development of society, as the formation of highly qualified personnel, accumulation of intellectual capital, and increasing scientific and technological potential of the country are among the important factors of economic and social progress. Due to the intensification of interstate migration flows and the development of the quality of the higher education system in foreign educational institutions, migration for education takes a larger share, which is mostly accompanied by constant migration and departure of Ukrainian citizens for permanent residence abroad. The analysis of publications on this issue proves the urgency of educational migration research, and today it remains important to analyze trends in educational migration, find mechanisms to counter the transformation of Ukraine into a country of origin of educational migrants, as well as their repatriation. The article analyzes the educational migration processes in Ukraine in the regional context. The main regional centers of higher education are identified. The focus is on the migration intentions of the population to study abroad and a comparative description of the educational systems of different countries. The order and stages of the admission campaign in foreign educational institutions are described. The essence and features of educational migration are studied and the main reasons that help Ukrainian students to choose foreign higher education institutions are highlighted. The main causes and consequences of educational migration, as well as potential opportunities for educational migration, are identified. Certain benefits and costs associated with educational migration processes are justified. The directions of development of educational migration and effective migration system in Ukraine and its regions, which should take a worthy place in the migration policy of the state, are offered.

Творческое вступительное испытание в дистанционном формате: опыт планирования в рамках компетентностно-ориентированного подхода

the article presents the experience of planning the content, forms, conditions and procedure for conducting entrance tests of the admission campaign of 2020 for educational programs of a creative orientation in the context of preventing the spread of a new coronavirus infection – in a remote format. This format of the introductory tests is new for educational organizations and requires detailed study. As a methodological tool for solving the problem, a competent-oriented approach was made, which made it possible to determine the content and provide for an objective assessment of special competencies that ensure the incoming success of the educational program of a creative orientation. Within the framework of this approach, it is proposed to divide the creative test procedure into two periods, allowing the applicant to do creative work offline without interaction with members of the examination committee and in real time online, with indirect (at a distance) interaction between applicants and members of the examination committee. The results of this work enrich the experience in the implementation of the educational process using e-learning and distance learning technologies and can be used during the period of intermediate certification in the implementation of educational programs of any level related to the implementation of creative work.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ І СИСТЕМИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ДОСЯГНЕНЬ СТУДЕНТІВ З ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ У ВИЩІЙ ШКОЛІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ПОЛЬЩІ)

The article highlights a specific character of the educational process at universities in Poland. The features of the university admission campaign, a semester structure, the main types and forms of the full-time and part-time learning are clarified. The gradual gain of education at Polish universities is justified by the European scientific traditions: bachelor – master – doctor. The circumstances for expelling a student from a university have been studied. The differences between Polish and Ukrainian higher education systems are characterised. The system and types of evaluation of students’ academic achievements in foreign languages are analysed. Innovations in assessing students’ knowledge of foreign languages at universities in Poland include self-assessment, the use of computer technology, and portfolio. The peculiarities of the certification of students’ foreign language proficiency assessment at universities in Poland are determined. Polish universities are very open and attractive to Ukrainians due to their affordability, countries’ proximity, similarity of languages and the ample opportunities for learning Polish in Ukraine. The analysis of the theoretical sources of this problem indicates the conformity of the educational process at Polish universities with European requirements, the European credit system ECTS, which aims to take into account students’ achievements in mastering the educational program. Polish students have the opportunity to participate in international exchange programs or enter the universities in the European Union under the simplified procedure. The integration of Poland into Euro-Atlantic and European structures meets the latest requirements of modern European history and plays an important role in the processes of world integration and globalization.

REVIEW ON NIRF

The higher education institutions of India needed a proven quality assurance mechanism to build the confidence in the quality of higher education. The region lags at the bottom of international rankings on quality, with the exception of a handful of well-rated universities. Many non-academic media such as magazines, newspapers, career sites have measured institutional quality and provided ranking. The wide acceptance of such media rankings are questioned as mostly influenced participation by very few institutions and mainly used for admission campaign. The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India (GOI) in the year 2015 launched National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) to evaluate the institutions with India centric parameter and also to minimize the impact of media ranking run by non-academic agencies. The NIRF has gained its momentum and confidence of public as it covers all kind of institutions and transparency in result announcement. The national ranking was used as one of the criteria to decide Institutes of Eminence (IOE) when there was a tie-break among institutions. The paper reviews the NIRF ranking and its impact.