Administrative-territorial Entities Research Articles

REGIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DETERIORATION OF THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF HEAT AND MOISTURE SUPPLY OF THE TERRITORY IN THE CONDITIONS OF MAINTAINING THE SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING OF ECONOMY SYSTEMS IN THE TERRITORY OF TERNOPIL REGION

The publication examines the influence of regional manifestations of the deterioration of natural conditions (moisture supply and unfavorable thermal parameters) on agricultural management. Global climate changes are superimposed by regional manifestations of adverse processes, such as the emission of greenhouse gases generated by an unbalanced land structure, in which we observe an excessive share of arable land. Excessive plowing of the territory leads to increased production of greenhouse gases by arable land, which complicates the manifestation of the greenhouse effect at the local level. Data on the structure of land plots of Ternopil region and Borsukiv territorial community are given. Attention is drawn to the map scheme of changes in the moisture supply of the territory of Ukraine, according to which a very wet climatic annual balance will be preserved only in the mountainous part of the Carpathians, Ternopil region will go from wet to insufficiently wet in its southeastern part, and over time, according to the forecast of 2100, to an insufficiently wet balance in the greater its territory At the same time, about 55% of the southeastern regions are threatened by dry and very dry climatic annual balance. According to the authors, the search for ways to solve the problem can be found in the optimization of land use. The algorithm of the optimization model is prescribed in the methodology of Professor Mykhailo Grodzynskii and consists in determining and ranking the development priorities of the research area and achieving a scientifically justified ratio between natural and anthropogenic land areas. Based on the materials of the Borsukiv territorial community, an optimization model of land use was created, according to which it is proposed to reduce the share of arable land from 65% to 45% due to the removal of heavily eroded and poorly productive lands from the arable wedge and their transfer to liming and afforestation, the share of which in the land use structure of the territorial community increased respectively 21% and 23%. Such optimization measures will ensure the transition from the emission of greenhouse gases by land to their assimilation by forest and meadow vegetation. Increasing the share of forests by 14% will contribute to a 5% increase in precipitation of local origin, which is especially important for stabilizing the water balance of the territory. An increase in the share of natural vegetation will contribute to the maintenance of ecological balance, restoration of biotic and landscape diversity, improved water balance, and natural living conditions of the population.Increasing or stabilizing the degree of humidification of territories under the conditions of global and regional climate changes is becoming an important scientific and applied problem, the solution of which requires the development and implementation of strategic tasks of sustainable development at the levels of regional, administrative and district territorial entities, the level of territorial communities, Starosty districts. Taking into account the priority criteria for the development of territorial entities is the first stage of optimizing the use of nature in these administrative-territorial entities. The second stage of the landscape and ecological optimization of territories is the substantiation of the ratio of natural and anthropogenic lands. Land optimization will contribute to tireless use of nature and the balancing of basic natural processes with anthropogenic ones. In the future, we envisage the creation of optimization models of land use for all territorial communities of the region, which will optimize the development of natural and economic systems. Keywords: regional manifestations of climatic conditions, land use structure, optimization, territorial community.

Демократизм как базовый принцип в организации законотворческого процесса федеральной территории в России

Democratism is a key principle of constitutional and legal regulation of all innovations in the legislative process. Public authorities of Russia’s federal territories need guarantees for their participation in the legislative process. The legal status of the Sirius Federal Territory remains dubious, which violates the rights of its residents to participate in solving national issues. The principle of democratism is violated when its forms are implemented by public authorities of the federal territory. A balance of interests between society and the state would be achieved if citizens could exercise their legislative rights, directly or through representative bodies of public authority. First, guarantees should be established in the norms of the general effect; second, a procedure should be elaborated on regulatory legal acts, depending on the region and its status. A legislative process is not only a set of forms of activity that turns a legislative idea into a draft law. It also presupposes the implementation of this process based on constitutional principles, i.e., democratism. This principle should become comprehensive since it provides all subjects with equal participation in the legislative process. In addition, democratism encourages all residents and /or representative bodies for such participation. As a result, it should not be subjected to restrictions depending on the type of territory. If guarantees for the implementation of the legislative initiative right are violated in the legislative process, they can be regulated by federal legislation. This procedure could help residents of the Sirius Federal Territory and extend these guarantees to identical territories, e.g., closed administrative-territorial entities, university towns, etc. The ultimate effectiveness of the legislative process depends on democratism.

Principles of risk-based modeling of road traffic injury as a medical and sanitary consequence of a man-made emergency in Ukraine

Background. The provision of modern medical care to victims of road accidents requires the development of standardized approaches. One of the main mechanisms for solving this problem is the formation of scientifically sound clinical protocols and clinical routes for providing medical care, which is essential to creating a model of traffic injury. The purpose of the study was to form a mo­del of traffic trauma in Ukraine as a health-sanitary consequence of an emergency of a man-made nature as a whole and on its basis — a model of providing medical assistance to victims of traffic trauma. Materials and methods. An array of studies of 1696 victims as a result of a traffic accident was formed. Methods of full mo­deling, insoluble randomization, formal logic, and medical statistics were applied. Clinical effective risks were identified. Results. Fundamental principles of modeling road trauma as a health-sanitary consequence of an emergency of a man-made nature as a whole and according to the main types of administrative-territorial entities of Ukraine were presented. The main criterion was the risk of the most serious consequence-the death of the victim, as well as determining the impact of risk-forming factors that did not form clinical-results risk. It has been proven that modeling traffic injury is an effective mechanism for reducing the severity of the medical consequences of road accidents. Conclusions. It is advisable to carry out the formation of models of traffic injury on a hierarchical principle. The principle of modeling significantly optimized making clinical and organizational decisions in the process of providing medical care and allowed to reduce the mortality rate of the victims by 8–11 %.

THE MURMANSK REGION – THE OUTPOST OF RUSSIAN ARCTIC

The Murmansk oblast, which turned 85 years old in May 2023, is the northwestern outpost of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The Red Banner Order of Ushakov Northern Fleet is based on its territory, playing a major role in strengthening the country’s defense capability. The article is the first attempt to analyze the stage of the first stage of implementation of the tasks laid down in the draft 20 Strategy for Developing the Russian Arctic Zone and Ensuring National Security through 2035, in relation to the Murmansk region. The author notes that the region is characterized by active socio-economic development. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the situation and development of the seaport of Murmansk, the Murmansk transport hub and the Northern Sea Route, closed administrative-territorial entities among with the issue of assistance to the participants of the military operation as well as their families. Another objects of analysis are: activities of the Center in the construction of large-tonnage offshore structures, development of transport, energy infrastructure, , modernization of airport facilities, development of fisheries, science, personnel training, as well as initiatives for the development of tourist and recreational clusters in the territories of the oblast

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ МНОГОМЕРНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА РОССИИ

The Constitution of the Russian Federation states (Article 7) that the country is a social state, the main goal of which is to create conditions for ensuring a decent life and free development of people. The formation of a social state is a long process and Russia is only at the beginning, gradually forming its fundamental elements, the most important of which are the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, a highly developed socially oriented economy, social partnership and social responsibility, social justice, social democracy. The social functions of the state ensure the quality of life and represent, in fact, all spheres of society’s life, therefore assessing the level of effectiveness of the social state is very important, but difficult due to its polycriteria and multi-level nature. In the context of multidimensional life support of the population, it is necessary to assess social and economic inequality in many parameters (financial situation, labor activity, housing conditions, life safety, public health, education, culture, transport infrastructure, information and communication resources, living potential of the population) as separate territories countries and social groups. Empirical research has revealed deep differentiation in the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and their inequality in the performance of social functions of the state, including the livelihoods of the rural population. To develop government management decisions in order to ensure social justice, a methodological toolkit for multidimensional assessment of the effectiveness of the social state is proposed, based on a systematic approach taking into account the contribution of administrative-territorial entities, which allows us to identify problem areas that require priority attention, identify strategic goals and measures to achieve them.

Развитие ЗАТО и приграничных территорий: особенности организации местного самоуправления в их пределах

The article analyzed the judicial practice on the development of closed administrative-territorial entities of the Tver region and the border areas of the Smolensk and Kursk regions. Cases thematically related to local self-government were considered.

Особенности правового статуса территорий Арктической зоны, Крайнего Севера, ЗАТО в материалах судебной практики

The article uses the example of the practice of the courts of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug to consider the specifics of judicial disputes involving municipalities in the territories of the Arctic Zone and the Far North, closed administrative-territorial entities.

Теоретические и методологические подходы к пространственному распределению экономических ресурсов

The subjects of the research are the peculiarities of the development of the national economy and the transformation of scientific approaches to the distribution of resource potential in the economic space of Russia. The purpose of the work is a systematic consideration of the factors (problems) affecting the spatial distribution of economic resources. The relevance of this topic is due to the need to find mechanisms to promote economic growth in a changing geopolitical reality and increases in the context of Russia's positioning as an initiator and active participant in new integration associations of friendly states from different regions of the world. The article analyzes the results of exploratory research by Russian scientists on the problems of spatial development, and formulates the causes of objective difficulties that hinder the sustainable growth of the level of socio-economic security and the balanced functioning of the economy of administrative-territorial entities of Russia. A critical analysis of the state policy of regional development is carried out and the results of its implementation are shown. The dynamism of changes in the theory of strategic planning is presented and the innovations of its instrumental base are characterized. Conclusions are drawn about the need to systematize and increase the information content of accumulated theoretical and methodological knowledge and practical achievements in the field of spatial development management of the largest country in the world in terms of territory and resource potential. Recommendations are formulated on ways and means of modernizing the public administration system in a federal state, the expediency of applying innovative approaches to the formation of a settlement system and urban planning policy.

Хранительница нематериального культурного наследия: о роли бабушки в передаче этнического языка и культуры (на материале социолингвистических обследований в чувашской и марийской диаспорах Московского региона)

An essential mechanism for transmitting ethnic language within families involves the transfer from older to younger generations, with grandmothers playing a prominent role in this process. The paper presents the findings of the field research conducted within the Chuvash and Mari internal diasporas of the Moscow region. The study subjects were the first-generation natives of the diaspora urban environment and the second-generation representatives. The findings indicate that intergenerational language transmission is notably weak, mainly because Russian is omnipresent in urban environments and minority languages are marginalized due to prevailing linguistic ideologies. Although being recognized as state languages along with Russian in the relevant administrative-territorial entities, Chuvash and Mari languages do not have this status in the internal diaspora, becoming minority languages. Nevertheless, according to the research results, ethnic language is one of the key markers of ethnic identity necessary for preserving ethnic group boundaries. In the majority of cases, the task of preserving the ethnic language is assigned to grandmothers, the eldest women in the family, who reside in the rural area of their small native land. This model follows the long-existing practice of city dwellers sending their children to the countryside in summer for the latter to learn an ethnic language in the natural environment by communicating with their grandmother. Besides teaching the ethnic language, the grandmother also imparts knowledge about ethnic customs and traditions, such as ethnic cuisine, songs, and elements of folk and religious culture, making her a valuable keeper of intangible cultural heritage.

Special features of institutional environment of the Kaliningrad Oblast's innovative development

Subject. The article addresses the institutional environment of innovative development of the Kaliningrad Oblast. Objectives. The aim is to identify basic parameters of institutional environment of the Kaliningrad Oblast as a model region, representing a virtual cluster of administrative-territorial entities of the Russian Federation with low level of innovative development. Methods. The study employs methods of economic-statistical, cluster and logical analysis of basic parameters of the institutional environment of regions in the context of their innovative development. Results. The paper presents results of logical interpretation of economic and statistical (cluster, correlation and regression) analysis of the state and dynamics of basic parameters of model region’s institutional environment, representing a virtual group of administrative-territorial entities of the country, characterized by low level of innovation activity. Conclusions. The results of innovative activities of the region, estimated by the share of innovative goods, works, services in their total volume during 2010–2022, demonstrate formally unstable growth. However, fluctuations in values between 0.1 and 1 per cent actually mean consistently low values. The state of institutional environment of the region does not contribute to its innovative development due to low values of propensity for innovation and consumption, unstable dynamics of propensity to consume and to materialize assets.

АНАЛИЗ ЦЕНООБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ, ПРОИЗВЕДЕННЫЕ В УРАЛЬСКОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ ОКРУГЕ

Introduction. Affordability of drugs is a determining factor of transiting to new price regulation mechanisms in the pharmaceutical market, such as reference pricing. Studying the social and economic determinants of wholesale and retail pricing in the pharmaceutical markets of various regions is of additional interest within the context of long- term transition to pharmaceutical insurance. Aim: To identify the signs of price discrimination, exemplified by some administrative-territorial entities of the Ural Federal District. Materials and Methods. A content analysis was performed regarding the aggregated offers available on the nation-wide pharmaceutical marketplace in the context of 10 drug manufacturers located in the Urals Federal District, and an assortment matrix was compiled (n=115). The assortment was analyzed using matrix-based and categorical methods of analysis, while pricing data were collected using the methods of descriptive statistics. Results and Discussion. Using the Sturges formula, interval series of prices were identified, and the variation coefficient was calculated for 115 trade names of drugs. The least variable were the lowest and highest price segments with high and low share of medicines included in the List of Vital and Essential Drugs, respectively. Two synthetic metrics were used to analyze the regional pricing features. Overall price variation was 14.6%, which suggests the presence of discriminatory pricing elements. The riskiest price segment is the range of RUB 100-200 per pack. Conclusions. Based on the findings of the pricing analysis for drugs manufactured in the regions of the Ural Federal District, the discriminatory pricing elements were found in the medium-low price segment.

СТРУКТУРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ ПОЖЕЖ В УКРАЇНІ

Серед можливих небезпек пожежі, безперечно, посідають одне з перших місць. В Україні спостерігається тенденція до зростання кількості пожеж і збитків, яких вони завдають. Тому виявлення структури причинно-наслідкових закономірностей цього небезпечного явища має велике значення для розроблення заходів для зменшення негативних наслідків пожеж. Значний масив статистичної інформації про пожежі та їхні наслідки, який щорічно збирається й оприлюднюється Українським науково-дослідним інститутом цивільного захисту, дає можливість провести низку статистичних досліджень в означеному аспекті. У роботі поставлено завдання дослідити структурні зміни в поширенні чисельності пожеж у регіонах України впродовж останніх 9 років. Дослідження базується на статистичних даних 2013–2021 років щодо поширення пожеж у 24 областях і місті Києві. Для виявлення структурних змін проведено оцінку інтенсивності структурних зрушень за 5 індексами: показниками лінійного та квадратичного коефіцієнтів абсолютних структурних зрушень, коефіцієнтом структурних розбіжностей Гатєва, узагальнюючим показником структурних зрушень Салаї й індексом Рябцева. На основі кластерного аналізу виявлено однорідні групи за кількістю пожеж, розглянуто причини структурних змін для періодів максимальних і мінімальних зрушень. Найбільша відмінність у структурі чисельності пожеж мала місце між парою 2013 і 2019 років. Саме для неї оціночні індекси мають максимальні значення. За квадратичним коефіцієнтом суттєві структурні зрушення характерні для більшості пар щодо 2013 і 2014 років. Дане спостереження підтверджується показниками індексу Рябцева, згідно з якими означені групи мають істотний рівень відмінностей. Мінімальні структурні зміни виявлено для пар 2013 ∀ 2015; 2017 ∀ 2018; 2015 ∀ 2021 і 2020 ∀ 2021 років. Лінійна апроксимація за всіма індексами показала, що структурні зрушення в кількості пожеж мають тенденцію до зростання. На базі кластерного аналізу побудовано UPGMA-дендрограму, на якій виділено три однорідні групи регіонів за чисельністю пожеж. Порівняння їх кількості у 2013 і 2019 роках показало, що основні структурні зрушення формуються першою групою, у яку ввійшли 6 областей: Харківська, Київська, Одеська, Запорізька, Донецька, Дніпропетровська, та мість Київ, тобто адміністративно-територіальні суб’єкти, де проживає більшість населення, виробляється основна частка промислової продукції та зосереджені основні енергетичні потужності країни. Суттєві структурні зрушення в чисельності пожеж із 2013 по 2021 рік характерні для всіх областей і місті Києва І групи і всіх областей (окрім Кіровоградської) ІІІ групи. Дане спостереження підтверджується показниками коефіцієнта Рябцева. Усі області І та ІІІ груп мають істотний або значний рівень відмінностей структури чисельності пожеж. У другому кластері лише 4 області – Закарпатська, Луганська, Полтавська і Чернігівська – мають істотний рівень зрушень. Наявний обсяг статистичних даних дозволяє розширити структурний аналіз із використанням інших показників стану пожежної безпеки, як-от чисельність пожеж у містах і селах, чисельність загиблих і травмованих, матеріальні втрати від пожеж, кількість пожеж на 10 тисяч населення, збитки на 10 тисяч населення тощо.

Satellite measurement errors and their impact on determination of point coordinates

Modern surveying is evolving rapidly, applying new technologies and measurement techniques. Today, the use of satellite equipment is an integral part of geodetic engineering work. Widespread use of GNSS-technology in engineering tasks in construction and land management to establish the boundaries of municipalities and other administrative-territorial entities, boundaries of land plots with fixing such boundaries by landmarks and determination of their coordinates became possible thanks to their global availability. At any time of the year, practically 24/7, under conditions of open radio horizon, it is possible to determine coordinates of any object. Satellite equipment offers not only the accuracy required, but also the ability to carry out the work in a shorter time. Today, geodetic GPS receivers can safely be considered the most efficient and advanced equipment for accompanying engineering and surveying surveys, even despite its high cost.

WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL AND WIND CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE DISTRICTS OF THE CENTRAL DEVELOPMENT REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

The poor energy security worldwide and especially at the national level, requires all entities to look for effective solutions to rectify the current situation by turning to renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to study the wind energy potential and wind characteristics for second-level administrative-territorial entities (districts) from the Central Development Region, Republic of Moldova, which includes 13 districts: Anenii Noi, Călărași, Criuleni, Dubăsari, Hâncești, Ialoveni, Nisporeni, Orhei, Rezina, Străseni, Șoldănesti, Telenesti and Ungheni. The Wind Atlas Method accompanied by the special Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program, data on wind speed and direction measured by the Technical University and the orographic map of the Republic of Moldova was used for the research. For each individual district there were: calculated and presented the maps of the average annual wind speed and wind power density at the height of 100 m above ground level; classified the district territory according to the power density value and also calculated the theoretical wind power possible to install. Following the calculations made for the thirteen analyzed districts, it was found that the average annual wind speed at the height of 100 m is between 6.70 and 7.40 m/s, and the wind power density -between 287 and 398 W/m2. The highest average annual speed equal to 7.40 m/s and windpower density equal to 398 W/m2 was identified in Nisporeni district and the lowest inIaloveni, Rezina, Șoldănești and Dubăsari districts.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ И ОБРАЗОВАННОСТИ КОРЕННОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЮГРЫ В ПАРТИЙНОЙ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИИ 1941–1944 ГГ.

The relevance of the article is due to the following reasons: the increased research interest in regional history under extreme conditions of the Great Patriotic War; the controversy that exists in post-Soviet historiography over assessment of the Soviet national policy during the first decades of the Soviet regime; and the continuing need for studying historical records on the issue. The purpose of the article is to study and consider the historical experience in running national policy and creating a regional system of public education by the political parties of the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug in time of war. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the author has concluded that there was critical shortage of national leadership and its share among the leaders of Ugra was low as compared to other national administrative-territorial entities within the USSR. The level of literacy and culture of everyday life among the indigenous population during the studied period was low. However, neither the issues of the national policy nor the low level of literacy prevented the indigenous population of Ugra from participation in the anti-Nazis fight.

ОЦЕНКА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТИ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА НА ОСНОВЕ СЕРТИФИКАЦИИ

The article considers strategic planning of sustainable development of the region as an object of regulatory regulation, concludes that, along with the adopted laws, presidential decrees, resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, standardization becomes an effective planning tool, and provides standards for the sustainable development of administrative-territorial entities. To assess the effectiveness of the application of standards for sustainable development, the authors make recommendations on the formation, along with the certification system operating at the international level, of a proposal for a voluntary national certification system, and the organizational structure of certification participants is also proposed.

The period of manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents living on the territory of ZATO (Closed administrative-territorial entity)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents remains one of the urgent problems of pediatric endocrinology. There is a constant increase in disease rates, both worldwide and Russia. The occurrence of pathology in childhood leads to a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their parents, the early development of chronic complications and disability, which makes type 1 diabetes a social problem in society. Despite numerous scientific works devoted to the study of the factors of manifestation of the disease, the causes of the occurrence are still unclear and ambiguous. The purpose of the study: is to identify and study possible clinical and laboratory features of the onset of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents permanently residing in the territory of closed administrative-territorial entities (ZATO). Materials and methods: a continuous cohort retrospective study of children with type 1 DM was conducted for the period from 2009-2019, permanently residing in the ZATO territory to obtain data related to the period of manifestation of the disease. The study group included 55 children from 0 - 18 years of age suffering from type 1 diabetes. Results: Data on the anamnesis of life and disease, and indicators of clinical and laboratory studies (fasting glycemia, postprandial glycemia, average daily glycemia, average amplitude of glycemia fluctuations and glycated hemoglobin) at the time of disease manifestation are presented. A comparative analysis was carried out with the indicators of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia, the obtained features were described.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENT FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Effective development of the business environment is a key factor in the sustainable functioning of business structures. Entrepreneurial activity ensures the improvement of the social situation, solving problems related to the employment of the population, the level of income of its households, the income of regional and local budgets, levelling the centres of social tension. This determines the need for the formation of an entrepreneurial environment that ensures the improvement of the efficiency of business structures, the activation of factors of its development operating at the macro-, meso-, micro- and nano-levels. Methods. The methodological and theoretical basis of the research is the scientific provisions of fundamental and applied research in the field of economic theory, strategic management, planning and work of domestic and foreign scientists of various branches of economic science, in which the fundamental theories of the formation of the environment for the development of entrepreneurship are given. The results. The economic content of the entrepreneurial environment of the region as a complex system formed by the actions (functions) of subjects of five levels is clarified: the nano-level is formed by entrepreneurs who combine the functions of owner and manager; business owners; hired managers and employees who form the “technosphere”; the micro level is represented by enterprises and organizations interacting with them of a different institutional nature; the macro- and meso-level are formed by authorities of the corresponding levels and local self-government bodies; at the global level, the highest authorities of states, economic unions, transnational companies, economic organizations of the international level operate. The author's position is distinguished by the substantiation of the composition of the performed functions by objects of different levels that correspond to their social and economic and institutional nature, which allowed to determine the composition and nature of the influence of the factors of the development of the entrepreneurial environment of the region. Discussion. The post-war period of development of rural areas will be carried out due to the activation of the entrepreneurial initiative of the population. Accordingly, there is a task to create a favourable environment for the activation of business entities, using the levers of state and local authorities, through the introduction of direct and indirect methods of state stimulation. The formation of an environment for the development of entrepreneurship in the post-war period of the revival of the agrarian economy will require the development of a Strategy for the development of entrepreneurial initiatives of war veterans at the level of the state and administrative-territorial entities, which will involve the implementation of preferential taxation programs, grant support, etc. in the practical sphere. Keywords: entrepreneurship, environment, entrepreneurial activity, population, income.

A Conceptual Model for the Development of Rural Territories of Regions Based on the Principles of Green Economy

Introduction. In recent years in Russian theory and practice more and more attention has been paid to the transition to a green economy through the introduction of innovative clean technologies that ensure resource conservation and increased attention to environmental protection and biodiversity conservation. Rural territories of the country’s regions are significantly differentiated by all elements of sustainable development: economy, quality of life and the state of the environment. If the first two elements are actively promoted through the implementation of targeted programs and projects, then the preservation of natural potential, the prevention of environmental degradation by reducing its pollution is not being implemented enough. So, the purpose of the article is, on the basis of the study, to determine the priority areas for the introduction of green technologies in agriculture, contributing to the solution of environmental and social problems of administrative-territorial entities. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the materials of official data of Rosstat, reports of state executive authorities (for example, the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia), as well as other information and analytical organizations. The empirical material was processed by using statistical methods (groupings, cluster analysis), which represents an assessment of the socio-economic situation, human development, the state of the environment of 14 subjects of the Volga Federal District, on the basis of which directions for the transition of rural areas to a green course of development are proposed. Results. The transformation of rural management is considered in the paradigm of sustainable development with an emphasis on nature conservation through the development of scientifically based regional models for the phased solution of acute environmental problems in accordance with financial capabilities and competencies. A conceptual model of transition to the green course of sustainable development of rural areas is proposed, including diagnostics of problems, conditions and factors of the state of the environment, social sphere and economy. Discussion and Conclusion. Due to the existing complexity of the rural economy and significant differences in the composition and structure of economic entities in the regions, their strategic goals and priorities for sustainable development are not the same. A model of purposeful transition to organic agriculture has been developed for regions with a predominance of small forms of management.

Пропозиції щодо розширення номенклатури типів межових знаків для адміністративно-територіальних одиниць

The purpose of the work is to substantiate methodological approaches for the development of scientific and technological recommendations for determining the optimal types of boundary markers for the establishment (consolidation) of the boundaries of administrative-territorial units. Method. Methods of historical analysis of constructions of boundary signs are used for researches, in particular: influence on constructions of boundary signs of natural and climatic conditions; requirements of land cadastres in different historical periods; research of interdependence of the centers of geodetic points and properties of soil on a choice of the centers of boundary signs. Results. An expanded nomenclature of types of boundary markers is proposed, which takes into account the properties of local soils through which the boundary of the administrative-territorial unit runs, and proposals for the selection of appropriate materials for the manufacture of boundary markers to increase their shelf life. This will allow more efficient management of land resources of administrative-territorial entities. The developed proposals can be reflected in land management projects to establish (change) the boundaries of administrative-territorial units, in particular in the description of their boundaries. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The analysis of the types of boundary markers in combination with the available information about the soils of Ukraine shows that when choosing their types do not take into account the properties of the soils of the area through which the boundary of the administrative-territorial unit. As a result, it is not possible to identify boundaries on the ground, which in turn leads to inconsistencies between the authorities and inefficient use of land resources. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use well-developed scientific, technical and regulatory developments on the use of different types of geodetic points, which take into account the depth of freezing and physical and mechanical properties of the soil; the presence of groundwater in places of laying and their chemical state; wetlands and, accordingly, on their basis to offer an expanded range of boundary markers. The proposed types of boundary markers can be used for the boundaries of OTG, districts, cities and areas that run on land.