Administrative Style Research Articles

Administrative styles in the European Commission and the OSCE Secretariat: striking similarities despite different organizational settings

ABSTRACTWith the growing importance of international institutions for global governance, international bureaucracies gain increasing influence on policy-making. Whereas for national bureaucracies specific administrative styles have been identified, this contribution explores for the first time administrative styles of two international organizations. The European Union (EU) Commission and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) represent most different cases in matters of scope, autonomy and resources. The analysis of their specific patterns of policy initiation, policy formulation and policy implementation reveals striking similarities. Both organizations have developed an entrepreneurial style in policy initiation, a strategic approach to policy formulation and a mediating implementation style. These similarities lead to a paradox of weakness in the case of the OSCE and a paradox of strength in the case of the EU. These paradoxes can be understood by taking a closer look at the specific settings in which they are operating, in particular their dependence on member state resources and political support.

The Basis of Putin’s Power

This paper focuses on the way Vladimir Putin has sought to build a power base within Russian politics. This base has rested on two foundations: institutional consolidation and elite management. With regard to the institutional basis, he has relied on the constitutional position of the presidency reinforced by the power vertical, the party of power, and the presidential apparatus. He has sought to manage the elite by means of his personal administrative style within a patrimonial context, the shaping of his popular image, and the reworking of the ideological and policy spheres. The paper concludes that although the resultant power base has been solid until now, there are tensions within it that may make it unsustainable in the long run.

Relatıonshıp Between School Clımate And Prıncıpals’ Job Performance In Secondary Schools

This study investigated the relationship between school climate and principals’ job performance in secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria. It adopted a correlational study design. Five research questions and five hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study embraced all the principals from 283 secondary schools in the six education zones of Enugu State. Out of the population, a sample of 177 principals was selected through simple random sampling technique. The instruments used to collect data were Organizational Climate Index and Principal Self-Assessment Questionnaire, adapted and developed by the researcher, respectively. The two sets of questionnaires were duly validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation, and Educational Management and Policy. Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the reliability coefficient of the instruments which yielded 0.83 for the Organizational Climate Index and 0.94 for the Principal Self-Assessment Questionnaire. . Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. The findings showed among others that: there was a moderate positive relationship existing between the two variables- school climate and principal’s job performance. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that principals should embrace the collaborative and collegial style of administration where teachers are included and free to share ideas and concepts for managerial and school effectiveness. It was also recommended that principals should create an atmosphere that is supportive, comfortable, friendly, productive, and relaxed, to motivate students’ greater participation in learning and achieving educational goals.

Практико-ориентированный подход к определению психологических ресурсов управленческой компетентности руководителя «линейного» уровня

The article explains the relevance of the search of organizational and psychological resources of administrative competence of «linear» multi-hospital leaders —
 heads of departments. Using the psycho-diagnostic procedures it shows that the heads of departments are based mainly on two types of individual styles
 of decision-making («realizational» and «situational»), on two types of organizational power — the power of expertise and the power and charismatic. According
 to the results of the correlation analysis of selected types relationships with the established prevailing types of professional thinking and creativity the author
 makes a conclusion about the expediency of formation of two main directions of the developing work. The fi rst is the work with representatives of «realizational»
 type, the expert power, possessing mainly «symbolical» type of professional thinking. The work should include the development of problem-solving skills,
 creativity, ability to infl uence others, to adjust teamwork, the understanding of managerial work. The second direction should cover the heads focused
 on situational administrative actions style, a charismatic type of power, humanitarian mindset and creativity. Work assumes development of administrative
 work understanding, problem solving skills, ability to establish teamwork, distribute and delegate responsibilities among subordinates. The designated concept
 of the developing work with the staff «linear» managers is put in a basis of the program of special courses in system of additional education of department
 head of multifunctional medical institution.

Transparency in Governments: A Meta-Analytic Review of Incentives for Digital Versus Hard-Copy Public Financial Disclosures

Prior research has indicated that information transparency in governments depends on institutional and environmental factors. Nonetheless, previous studies show heterogeneity in the results, and the academic researchers cannot make consistent conclusions. It makes it difficult to know the behavior of governments regarding their information policies. Therefore, making use of meta-analysis techniques, we integrate the empirical results reported by studies to determine the factors favoring the disclosure of public financial information via two modes of information disclosure— online versus hard-copy format. Several moderating effects— administrative culture, accounting regime, impact of measure used on determining variables, and level of government—have been considered and analyzed for their influence on the degree of correlation between the determinants and the disclosure of public financial information in both modes of information disclosure. Our study does not only show that the variables analyzed are positively associated with the disclosure of public financial information, but also that this depends on the context in which the research is conducted. The administrative style and the level of government are the main moderating effects that influence the results of analyzed studies.

Cross-cultural cinematic communication

This article examines the 2014 Sino-American University Student Digital Micro Film Competition, a collaboration developed and administered between the University of Central Florida in the United States and Shanghai University in the People's Republic of China (PRC). By using qualitative text analysis and visual content analysis to review key materials and events from this case, the researchers studied information design and cross-cultural communication practices of various aspects of the partnership. The resulting analysis reveals unique information design challenges associated with cultural differences in communication practices, visual design, and administrative style. The summary of the case and the results of the related research presented here also provide readers with information design strategies that can facilitate design practices---and the associated coordination of event planning---across different cultural groups.

DID LOCALISATION OF COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION SUCCEED? A CASE STUDY ON COMMUNITY-BASED SEA TURTLE CONSERVATION IN MA’DAERAH SEA TURTLE SANCTUARY

Community-based conservation is increasingly drawing attention in South East Asian countries. However, the approach is not necessarily compatible with administration style preferred in some Asian developing nations. The study examines how the new approach was interpreted and transformed in the course of its localisation and how community members reacted with the unfamiliar attempt, through a case study on Ma’daerah sea turtle sanctuary project conducted in Terengganu State, Malaysia.Keywords: Conservation, Community, Sea turtle, Localisation, Passive Resistance

Studies of Communication in the 2012 Presidential Campaign. Edited by Robert E.Denton, Jr. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014. 239 pages.

Studies of Communication in the 2012 Presidential Campaign. Edited by Robert E. Denton, Jr. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014. 239 pages. How significant was the March 23, 2015, announcement by Senator Ted Cruz that he was running for president of the United States--making him the first candidate to formally enter the 2016 campaign? Judith S. Trent, writing in Robert E. Denton Jr.'s Studies of Communication in the 2012 Presidential Campaign, offers some perspective: Beginning in 1972, and with no exceptions thereafter, presidential hopefuls who have gone on to become viable candidates for the nomination of their parties are those who surfaced earlier than their competition (p. 4). This intriguing insight, which would no doubt please Cruz's advisors, is one of many in Denton's latest edited volume. In it, Trent, Denton, and fourteen other scholars scrutinize wide range of elements and (p. ix) in the 2012 presidential campaign. The volume offers a diverse number of ways to consider the and function of communication (p. ix) within the various contexts of a political campaign. Even though the book limits itself to the two major political parties (in the process, virtually ignoring the marginalized voices of third-party and independent candidates), its areas of focus are plentiful, including the surfacing phase; Mitt Romney's nomination; candidate personae; first ladies as campaigners and presidential advisors; the nomination acceptance speeches of Romney and of Barack Obama; undecided voters; the role of race, music, and social media; and Obama's second inaugural address. Trent's Chapter 1 explores the functions of candidate surfacing (establishing first impressions, introducing the candidate's administrative style, and articulating the themes and issues the candidate hopes will resonate with voters) in relation to the 2012 candidates. Henry C. Kenski and Kate M. Kenski examine the 2012 Republican Party nomination of Romney in Chapter 2, providing a solid overview of the political environment, the impact of Republican nomination rule changes and fundraising, media coverage, and the ability to maintain a strong positive message. In Chapter 3, Dennis D. Cali examines the candidates' personae, beginning with a discussion of personal attributes, manifestations, functions, and challenges. Of particular note in this chapter is the critical framework that Cali offers for assessing candidate persona. Chapter 4 turns the focus to the male candidates' wives and their roles during the campaign. Here, Theodore F. Sheckels discusses the evolving role and expectations of first ladies, tracing campaigning first ladies from the nineteenth century to 2004 and, finally, considering the ways in which Michelle Obama adheres to the traditional norms of first ladies in campaigns, namely, to target specific voting groups or to be used to say things the candidate cannot (p. 76). Melody J. Lehn, in Chapter 5, continues by examining the backlash that Hilary Rosen received when she criticized Ann Romney for having never worked a day in her life (p. 96). These chapters challenge readers to look at the evolving roles of first ladies who are campaigners and mothers and who also have pre-White House careers and advanced degrees. Although it would make for an interesting study, the roles of male spouses--the husbands of Hillary Clinton and Michele Bachman--remain unexplored here. …

Perceptual Differences about Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction between Teaching and Non Teaching Staff

This study attempts to examine the relationships between the different variables of organizational climate and job satisfaction among teaching and non teaching staff of different universities and also identify factors in organizational climate that cause satisfaction, thereby impacting on their excellence; and to determine the differences between teaching and non teaching staff's perception about existing organizational climate. A total of 389 copies of questionnaires were administered to selected universities but only 293 questionnaires were returned fully and appropriately filled. The study made use of statistics such as frequencies, means, and standard deviation, including Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Regression and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to obtain results. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction among all respondents .The climate of an organization and the level of job satisfaction vary together. Overall analysis was done on the basis of perception which teaching and non teaching staff experience about their organizational climate. It was found that there is a significant difference in the way both teaching and non teaching staff experience their organizational climate at F= 430.768. Further, the study recommended a comparison on private and public universities employees to view their perception of organizational climate in relation to their job satisfaction. JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE In Himachal Pradesh, the first university was established in 1970. Later on other universities were established by the state government in the 1980‘s and 1990‘s. The private universities were established after 2005. Universities whether private or public are learning grounds for students doing the comprehensive courses .Government supply funds to both private and public universities respectively. Against this background, university teachers are currently facing many challenges in the form of inadequate infrastructure, lack of enabling research environment, disparity in salary and allowances, inconsistent policy implementation between UGC and state government may well affect their levels of job satisfaction (Kniveton, 1991).The researcher also observed that unhappiness results from job structure, compensation, particular administrative style, workload and lack of support in terms of salary package which further increased job dissatisfaction among employees. The above raises concern regarding the attitudes of educators towards their work and their levels of job satisfaction or dissatisfaction (Steyn and Van Wyk, 1999). All of these are frustrating factors to employees as seen from the results of the various studies. Studies related to employees in selected universities indicate some forms of dissatisfaction with unchallenging jobs; shortage of personnel the increase jobs which were supposed to be performed by other employees; Lack of feedback about performance and evaluation exercise; Lack of recognition for

Teachers’ Expectations and School Administration: Keys of Better Communication in Schools

Problem Statement: The quality of education carried out in schools depends largely on the performance of teachers and school principals in cooperation. It is possible to say that a qualified education of students depends on the performance and compliance degree of these two groups. In this process, teachers’ having the primary responsibility for teaching in compliance with school administration and supported by administration is very critical. For a more qualified education/teaching school, principals should support their teachers as an institutional leader responding to their expectations and needs. Purpose of the Study: The aim of this study is to determine teachers’ expectations from school principals so that they can do their jobs better. Teachers included in the study were asked what they have expected and hoped from principals while they were teaching. Method: A qualitativeresearch methodology was employed, usingphenomenology to collect and analyze the interpretations and meanings of teachers’ expectations as drawn from their responses to openended semistructured questions. The research group consists of volunteer teachers who were employed in the district and province of Duzce city in Turkey. Teachers were invited to fill out the openended form consisting of a single question via e-mail. A total of 677 volunteer teachers participated in this study: some of whom gave more than a single response, whereas some preferred short responses. Findings and Results: In the finding section of the study, which aimed to investigate and analyse the teachers’ expectations and opinions, a major category and eight subcategories were identified. When analysing the expectations of teachers fom principals, it was evident that nearly one-fourth of the expectations were centered on the subcategories of coprehension and support (25 percent). Subsequently, satisfaction with the current administration (21 percent), leadership (13 percent), justice and equality (12 percent), communication (11 percent), physical equipment (9 percent), school development (9 percent) and no expectation (2 percent) followed.Consequently, valuebased informal behaviors such as appreciation, cooperation, consulting, respecting, fairness, confidence, and motivation were emphasized most often by the teachers. Conclusions and Recommendations: The concepts and themes generally focused on human relationships, meaning that behaviours of principals should be shaped by considerations of leadership and communication. Communication, emphathy, and initiative are the concepts teachers paid the most attention to throughout the study, and these are the psychological characteristics that principals need to adapt most whatever their preferred leadership style has been. Having a considerate style of administration and providing support for teachers were the core recommendations of the research. Keywords: Principal, instructional leadership, school improvement, justice and equality

Leadership Styles of Principals in Relation to Islamic Teachers’ Burnout in Mafraq Education District

The problem investigated in this study is the influence of the leadership styles of principals on burnout as experienced by teachers. A total of 431 teachers from the Mafraq Education District in Jordan answered and returned questionnaires. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Administrative Styles Questionnaire were used. The study found no difference in perceptions of principals’ leadership styles related to teaching disciplines among the study sample and no difference in burnout scores among Islamic teachers depending on their experience of teaching or school type. There was, however, a difference in Islamic teachers’ burnout scores related to their gender. Several recommendations are made for coping with teachers’ stress and burnout, contributing to better job performance.

Bureaucratic reform in post-Asian Crisis Indonesia: The Directorate General of Tax

Our research examines a key aspect of the extensive bureaucratic reform program that was applied to the Indonesian public sector following the Asian Economic crisis. The organisation we focus on is the Indonesian Directorate of Tax. The reforms moved the case organisation towards more bureaucratic organisational arrangements. The most notable elements of the reforms related to the organisational efficiency and changes in administrative style and culture. An ethnographic approach was adopted, in which the researcher was immersed in the life of the selected case organisation over an extended period of time. This research extends a thin literature on the topic of management control and culture in the Indonesian context. Also, this paper fills a gap in the theoretic approaches for studying bureaucracy, which is dominated by western conceptualisations. This paper provides a reminder to policy makers (including organisation such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) of the consequences of neglecting cultural influences when conducting bureaucratic reform.

Impacts of School Administration Autonomy Support on Students' Learning Motivation and Intentions to Drop out of Vocational School

This paper presents the results of a study on the impacts of school administration autonomy support on students` learning motivation and their intentions to persist in versus drop out of vocational school. The data was collected from 209 students of the industrial vocational college of Hanoi through self-reported questionnaires assessing school administration autonomy support, academic motivation and intentions to persist versus drop out. Students reported the college staff respected them, offered them opportunities, provided choices, and adequate and detailed information. This style of administration predicted students` self-determined learning motivation. Results from linear regression analysis reported that learning motivation predicted their intentions to stay in school. Conversely, amotivation predicted their intentions to quit school. However no relationship could be established between the school administration autonomy support and students` dropout or persistence intentions. The implications are discussed for school managers and administrators.

English

Leadership is a universally recognized concept whose practice and interpretation is culturally framed. The fundamental thrust of this study is to examine the leadership journey in Ghana with specific reference to political leaders, military or civilian; and their administrative leadership styles. Four outlined variables in the form of personality, values, role and setting constituted the framework of analysis, which portrays an objective methodology toward the illustration and understanding of the operations of administrative leadership. It was revealed that most of the democratically elected leaders started as democratic, charismatic and servant-leaders on their leadership journey, but along the line became authoritarian and tribalistic; hence losing the confidence of the populace. This calls for potential leaders to undergo some training and mentoring before taking up the mantle of leadership, since leaders are made and not born. Thus, the countless coup d’etats that occurred illustrate the hunger of Ghanaians in search of a leader who cares for their socio-economic wellbeing. Key words: Leadership, administration, transformational, transactional, public, Ghana

The Role of Internal Environment in Jordanian Ministry of Health in Migration of Specialist Doctors

The aim of this study was to determine the role of internal environment in Jordanian ministry of health in migration of specialist doctors. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire was designed. It consists of (30) thirty clauses reflect all the dependent and independent variables. The study sample consists also of (120) Specialists who left the Jordanian Ministry of Health (J.M.O.H). Grynbach constancy coefficient reached 88%. Percentages, Means, standard deviation, (ANOVA), and leaner regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis. The study found that; there is a strong relationship between all the internal environment components in the (J.M.O.H) and migration of specialist doctors. All the internal environment components effect the migration of specialist doctors. The descending order of the effects of the internal environment components are as follows: salaries and incentives, equipment, furniture and office design, administrative style, systems and procedures, lighting and conditions, and finally the nature of the prevailing relations. The study also found that there is a difference in the migration between specialist doctors due to gender, marital status, age, and experience. According to the study findings, the researcher recommends the following; the hospital managers must give more attention to the internal environment conditions, initiate a new suitable salary scale, and give special training programs in hospital administration for those doctors.

General Douglas MacArthur: Supreme Public Administrator of Post–World War II Japan

AbstractThis article examines General Douglas MacArthur’s six years as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in post–World War II Japan. MacArthur was appointed by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to preside over and administer the reconstruction of postwar Japan. No American serving in the role of a public administrator has ever had a more difficult task than the one MacArthur took on in Japan. At the end of World War II, Japan was devastated, and the entire population faced starvation. MacArthur’s administrative style and his successes and failures in Japan are examined in this Administrative Profile. Fifty years after his death, the influence of MacArthur’s policies during his tenure as Supreme Commander are still felt in Japan.

Citizens' engagement on local governments' Facebook sites. An empirical analysis: The impact of different media and content types in Western Europe

There is a very limited empirical research examining the impact of media and content types on stakeholders' engagement on social media platforms, and basically none within the public sector. The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of media and content types on stakeholders' engagement on Western European local governments' Facebook pages. The sample includes 15-member countries of the EU via 75 local governments belonging to four different public administration styles, analyzing 50 posts from each municipality. The posts were coded into 16 content types (e.g. environment, housing) and 5 media types (e.g. video, text), respectively. Metrics of popularity, commitment, virality and engagement were also computed for each post. Results show that the most used media types are links and photos. Cultural activities, sports and marketing related topics are the most widely posted by Western European local governments, but these contents do not seem to be the most relevant for citizens. Local governments' preferences to different media and content types seem to depend on the institutional context. Significant differences on engagement levels by citizens have also been found among media and content types and in different institutional contexts. This study provides practitioners and academics with some initial research findings about the effect of different communicational strategies on citizen engagement, which are very important factors in order to improve the effectiveness of e-participation offerings.

The future of European education: A political strategy & four action areas

The European integration project is confronting one of the greatest challenges in its recent history. The profound current financial crisis is jeopardising both trust in the process of integration and the support of European Union citizens. This paper aims to show the need to find transversal solutions to the immediate and future challenges that the European integration project faces. These solutions could emerge from the retrieval of the idea of including a European Dimension in Education, as a joint political strategy of the European Union and the Council of Europe, given that two separate, but convergent, trends have been identified. Special importance will be placed on the four action points that the European dimension could adopt (curricular and teaching materials; creation of school networks and extracurricular activities; initial and on going teacher training; and styles of centre management, leadership and administration). A firm commitment to embed a great deal of Europeanism into the education of the younger European generations (from the earliest age possible) would favour both a greater, and better, understanding of the process, and the active, participative and critical development of European citizens. It is here where the future challenge for European Education lies.

Environmental Performance in Countries Worldwide: Determinant Factors and Multivariate Analysis

The aim of this study is to analyze the environmental performance of countries and the variables that can influence it. At the same time, we performed a multivariate analysis using the HJ-biplot, an exploratory method that looks for hidden patterns in the data, obtained from the usual singular value decomposition (SVD) of the data matrix, to contextualize the countries grouped by geographical areas and the variables relating to environmental indicators included in the environmental performance index. The sample used comprises 149 countries of different geographic areas. The findings obtained from the empirical analysis emphasize that socioeconomic factors, such as economic wealth and education, as well as institutional factors represented by the style of public administration, in particular control of corruption, are determinant factors of environmental performance in the countries analyzed. In contrast, no effect on environmental performance was found for factors relating to the internal characteristics of a country or political factors.

Moderation technology in education manager’s activity: content-related aspect

A common requirement for all levels of education is a desire to overcome the administrative style of management, to minimize bureaucratic communication between levels of management vertical, the maximum to support the initiative and use the intellectual and creative potential of teachers. The article reveals moderation technology capabilities to ensure effective implementation of the control mechanisms of the teaching staff with regard to their readiness for self-management and the mobilization of personal resources.