Administrative Region Research Articles

Pengembangan Ekonomi Kerakyatan Berbasis Teknologi di Lingkungan RW 04 Palmerah-Jakarta Barat

In 2018, RW 04 Palmerah, located in the administrative region of Palmerah, West Jakarta, was designated as one of the slum neighborhoods under Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 90. A critical aspect of this regulation addressed the issues of plastic waste and community economic empowerment. Within the context of Community-Based Economic Development through Technology in RW 04 Palmerah, community engagement initiatives aimed to address plastic waste management and enhance economic well-being through technological interventions. Employing a participatory approach, the implementation over two months not only cultivated a clean culture but also effectively processed and utilized plastic waste within the community. Despite modest and fluctuating returns, the initiative significantly contributed to the sustainable model of community-based economic development through technology in the local area, serving as a guiding framework for similar endeavors in other regions.

Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions from road transportation in the mainland of China from 2006 to 2021

The leaping forward of the economy has promoted the rapid growth of road traffic demand, resulting in the carbon emissions of road traffic increasing significantly. It is well known that a one-size-fits-all emission reduction policy is not feasible. Therefore, conducting an investigation on the carbon emissions of all provincial-level regions within a country can assist the government in formulating carbon emission policies at a macro level tailored to different regions. In this study, the whole provincial-level administrative regions in the mainland of China were selected to quantify the carbon emissions of road traffic, and the carbon emissions from 2006 to 2021 were obtained by employing the top-down model. What's more, spatiotemporal characteristics of road transportation carbon emissions in those regions were explored based on Moran's I spatial autocorrelation method. In addition, the LMDI model was constructed based on five driving factors, namely energy intensity, energy consumption intensity, industrial scale, economic development, and population size, and the decomposition analysis of driving factors is carried out. The results show that carbon emissions from road traffic in all provincial regions showed an overall rising trend in the research period, with an average annual growth rate of 11.83 %. The distribution of road transportation carbon emissions exhibited an east-high, west-low distribution, with significantly higher emissions in the eastern and coastal regions compared to inland areas, additionally, China's seven geographical regions showed an initial rapid increase in carbon emissions followed by a stable growth trend. Secondly, five types of spatial clustering were identified of carbon emissions within provincial regions. Thirdly, the impacts of energy intensity and industrial scale were detrimental to road transportation carbon emissions, whereas economic development, energy consumption intensity, and population size had contrasting effects. Implications according to the above conclusions were put forward, aiming to provide guidance for the sustainable development of road transportation and expediting the achievement of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” objective.

Oral health status and associated factors among 12 to 15-year-old Chinese adolescents in Southeast China: A cross-sectional study.

This study assessed oral health conditions and associated factors (including sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported oral health-related behaviors) among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study enrolled 3840 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from 12 middle schools in Foshan, Southeast China, in 2016, using multistage, stratified cluster sampling. Participants underwent a clinical oral examination and completed a questionnaire. The prevalence of dental caries, probe bleeding, and calculus was 37.6%, 46.2%, and 39.7%, respectively; the mean decayed/missed/filled teeth index was 0.86 ± 1.58. A mean of 2.09 ± 3.65 and 1.85 ± 3.52 teeth showed probe bleeding and calculus, respectively. Only 0.3% and 0.1% of adolescents aged 15 years had periodontal pockets (depth ≥ 4 mm) and attachment loss, respectively, which were most common in tooth positions 46 and 36 (Federation Dentaire International 2-digit system). Regarding oral health-related behavior, 49.1% of the participants failed to brush their teeth at least twice daily, 98.5% never or rarely used dental floss, and 58.7% reported middle-high frequency sugar consumption. Older age, female, administrative region, maternal education lower than university, brushing teeth less than twice daily, flossing less than once daily, and frequent sugar consumption were significant risk factors of caries. Older age, female, administrative region, brushing less than twice daily, and flossing less than once daily significantly increased periodontal risk. Despite the overall low prevalence of adverse dental conditions among adolescents in Foshan, their oral hygiene habits were undeveloped. Thus, their identified risk factors need close monitoring, and families, schools, communities, and the government should jointly promote adolescents' oral health.

A descriptive study on spatial and temporal distributions of genetic clusters of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infecting pig sites in Quebec, Canada, between 2010 and 2019

BackgroundThe wide diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains combined with incomplete heterologous cross-protection complicates the management of the disease at both the herd and the regional levels. The objectives of this study were to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of various PRRSV genetic clusters infecting pig sites in Quebec, Canada, and to compare PRRSV regional diversity of wild-type sequences over the years.Materials and methodsA retrospective surveillance-based study was conducted on all pig sites which had PRRSV ORF5 sequences from field submissions transferred into the Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from multiple sequence alignment was used to identify genetic clusters. For each wild-type cluster gathering ≥ 15 sequences, the number of pig sites in which the cluster was detected per administrative region and per year were displayed on bubble charts and the spatiotemporal distribution of pig sites was illustrated using pie chart maps. A molecular analysis of variance was performed to compare PRRSV wild-type sequence diversity according to the administrative region for each year.ResultsA total of 32 wild-type clusters gathering 1653 PRRSV2 sequences from 693 pig sites were described. Each cluster was detected on up to 132 pig sites and 7 administrative regions over the 10-year period. Annually, the mean (min–max) number of wild-type clusters detected in at least one pig site reached 24 (17–29). Some clusters remained localized on a few sites over time whereas others were widespread over the territory during a few or many years. For each year, regional differences were also observed in PRRSV diversity of wild-type sequences.ConclusionsThe differences observed in both the spatiotemporal distributions of PRRSV clusters and in the regional diversity of wild-type sequences highlight the importance of ongoing provincial surveillance to improve collective PRRS management strategies.

Changing landscape of diabetes in Asia - What are the unmet needs?

The incidence rates of type 2 diabetes among adults in Asia have been stable, but the rates in youth and young adults have increased. In territory-wide surveillance in Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of People's Republic of China, all-cause mortality rates among people with diabetes have exhibited a declining trend in the past 15 years, with a narrowing in the mortality gap between people with and without diabetes. At the same time, the improvement in survival resulted in a changing age structure and disease profile of people with diabetes, towards an increasing proportion of older people with long diabetes duration and multi-morbidities. Reductions in event rates were not observed in the youngest age group who also had the least gains in risk factor control and uptake in organ protective drugs over time. A young age at diabetes diagnosis, associated with exposure to high glycemic burden from an early age, predicted higher risks of complications and premature mortality compared with later-onset of diabetes. People presenting with type 2 diabetes below 40 years of age were 5-fold more likely to die and their life expectancy was shortened by 8 years than age-matched counterparts without diabetes. Analysis of population-based data in Hong Kong Chinese identified hypertension followed by chronic kidney disease as the leading contributor to mortality in young people, indicating that efforts to optimize non-glycemic risk factors and organ protection are as important in young individuals as it is in the older population.

Negotiating Leisure Constraints in the Pandemic: The Case of Migrant Domestic Workers in Hong Kong

How did migrant domestic workers accomplish serious leisure during the pandemic (Stebbins RA (1982) Serious leisure: A conceptual statement. Pac Sociol Rev 25(2):251–272, 1982)? In this paper, I look at the uneven effects of the disruptions in leisure activities as governments introduced lockdowns and physical distancing measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus. While the restrictions were applied broadly across societies, it is necessary to examine how these played out for ‘temporary’ migrant communities subjected to different conditions of stay in their host countries. I address this question by looking at the experience of One Filipino Migrants – a network of Filipino domestic worker organizations in Hong Kong engaged in advocacy work for migrant workers’ welfare even prior to the pandemic. In the Special Administrative Region, the prescribed living-in arrangements and the absence of spatial separation between home and work life steer these mostly female workers to spend their leisure time outside their domicile. But with the spread of COVID-19, their leisure activities are now met with stringent physical distancing measures. Through interviews and participant observation, I narrate how their pre-pandemic activities were scaled down through government and employer regulation of their use of leisure spaces and mandated time off. But I also show their capacity to negotiate with constraints through behavioral changes while challenging notions that portray them as virus carriers. This paper shows how leisure constraints could grow in disaster situations. But it also highlights how leisure agents can come up with negotiation tactics to maintain participation.

Hong Kong’s new normal: Remaking authorized discourses of “special administration,” 2017–2022

The paper presents a critical discourse analysis of the five annual policy addresses of Hong Kong’s chief executive, Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-Ngor, whose term of office (2017–2022) spanned the most tumultuous episode in the modern history of the territory, one bisected by an extended season of street protests and the subsequent imposition of a national security law. Read as an authorized, real-time transcript of governmental rationalizations and responses, delivered in the first-person voice of Hong Kong’s most senior politician, the annual policy addresses narrate a crisis-mediated shift from a postcolonial redoubt of liberal capitalism to an outpost of China’s national-security state. Although the “one country, two systems” formula enshrined in Hong Kong’s Basic Law retains its official status, a distinct transformation is evident, from the evocation of “two systems” as a wedge against one-country assimilation, to an apparently new normal based on the principles of securitized, “one-country” integration. In the process, the chief executive increasingly embraced the received discourses and sanctioned priorities of the Chinese Communist Party in her depictions of a “New Paradigm” for the governance of Hong Kong, founded on the “steer of the Central Government” with the “cooperation” of the government of the Special Administrative Region.

Modelling urban/rural fractions in low- and middle-income countries

Abstract In low- and middle-income countries, household surveys are the most reliable data source to examine health and demographic indicators at the subnational level, an exercise in small area estimation. Model-based unit-level models are favoured for producing the subnational estimates at fine scale, such as the admin-2 level. Typically, the surveys employ stratified 2-stage cluster sampling with strata consisting of an urban/rural designation crossed with administrative regions. To avoid bias and increase predictive precision, the stratification should be acknowledged in the analysis. To move from the cluster to the area requires an aggregation step in which the prevalence surface is averaged with respect to population density. This requires estimating a partition of the study area into its urban and rural components, and to do this we experiment with a variety of classification algorithms, including logistic regression, Bayesian additive regression trees, and gradient boosted trees. Pixel-level covariate surfaces are used to improve prediction. We estimate spatial HIV prevalence in women of age 15–49 in Malawi using the stratification/aggregation method we propose.

Supporting the planning and management of biodiversity through the development of a geospatial decision support system

AbstractToday, the issue of biodiversity conservation is, more than ever before, one of primary importance since it has become common knowledge that biodiversity provides many services that are relevant to the sustaining of ecological integrity and, so, for the benefit of humanity. Within this framework, rural areas are particularly exposed to degradation threats and, therefore, biodiversity loss due to their lying between and interlinking with urban and natural areas. The European Commission underlines the relevance of this conservation in its Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, which identifies a series of needs for conserving biodiversity in Europe, among which is the need for more operational tools to support biodiversity management. This paper aims to demonstrate that a geoSpatial decision support system (S‐DSS), developed through focused interdisciplinary research and implemented over a Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure, might provide a powerful web‐based operational tool to encourage both the engagement of a large range of end‐users and stakeholders and the better implementation of the Habitats Directive as indicated by the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. The platform supports data visualization and on‐the‐fly computer applications for modeling, all via a web browser. The S‐DSS tool brings together knowledge of soil and environmental sciences, biodiversity and information technology. The S‐DSS tool is demonstrated through three use cases in the Campania region (Southern Italy) from different users' perspectives. The connection of data and model aims to provide information that will improve knowledge and awareness of biodiversity. In just a few clicks, the production of maps, results and statistics provides an overview of the biodiversity over a personalized area drawn by the user. The approach is highly transferable to other areas, from other administrative regions to the whole European territory, because it is based on general algorithms that are easily applied elsewhere, providing there is the necessary data availability.

Development of an information database of saline and wetlands in semi-desert and dry steppe zones of Abai, Pavlodar and Karaganda

In this article, the authors have developed and used soil morphogenetic indicators in the course conducted ground field work to determine saline and waterlogged soils in the semi-desert and dry steppe, zones of the Abay, Pavlodar and Karagandy regions of Kazakhstan. In Kazakhstan, there are no practical and scientific provisions for monitoring and managing saline and waterlogged soils based on digital technologies. This development makes it possible to determine the location of such lands depending on the location of soil and climatic zones. And also, the development of a cartographic model of these soils with the determination of the degree of their salinity makes it possible to develop recommendations for their development (improvement) with the subsequent preservation of productive longevity. The study of the current state of saline and waterlogged soils was carried out through field work along routes covering the territory of 3 administrative regions of the republic. Descriptions of the state of soils were carried out at 28 base points. A database of saline and waterlogged soils of the semi-desert and dry steppe (latitudinal), zones has been compiled, including the following indicators: soil type and subtype, profile morphology, content of humus and nutrients, water-soluble salts, particle size distribution, absorbed bases, and cation exchange capacity.

Berberis aquifolium Pursh - New Species for the Flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan

Geobotanical, floristic, systematic, ecological studies were carried out to study the flora and vegetation of the administrative regions of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The purpose of the study was to study flora and vegetation, to look for new taxa of wild and cultivated flora of the region. Before our research (1970), in the flora of Nakhchivan the Berberidaceae family was represented by only 3 species of the Berberis genus: B. integerrima Bunge, B. iberica Steven, B. vulgaris L. During long-term (1970-2023) research, we identified 3 more species: B. heteropoda Schrenk, B. thunbergii f. atropurpurea and during the expedition on May 10, 2023, the species Berberis aquifolium Pursh was found. It was introduced as a highly ornamental shrub. Thus, based on literary sources and the results of our research, it has been established that 14 wild and cultivated species (and two forms) of barberry are widespread in Azerbaijan. During the research, attention was paid to the habitat conditions of the newly identified taxa, their morphobiological, useful and bioecological features were studied for further rational use. Barberry species are valuable useful plants. Because of the research, it is recommended to create plantations of industrial importance for rational, long-term use, improve, increase productivity, and protect natural thickets and their populations.

Trends in social determinants of inequality in child undernutrition from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys, 2005-2016.

While child undernutrition has been eliminated in some middle-income countries, it remains highly prevalent in sub-Sahara African (SSA) and South Asian regions, and is disproportionately concentrated among the poor. In this study, we estimated trends in child undernutrition by social determinants and related risks from wealth inequality in Ethiopia, from 2005 to 2016. We analyzed data from three consecutive surveys (2005, 2011, and 2016) from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. First, we estimated trends in the prevalence of childhood undernutrition variables (stunting, underweight, and wasting) and social determinants (household wealth status, education level, place of residence, and administrative regions). Then we assessed evidence of undernutrition by wealth-related inequality with concentration curves (visual) and concentration indeces (quantitative). A multilevel mixed-effect Poisson regression model was used to identify predictors of undernutrition variables expressed as covariate-adjusted rate ratios, with 95% confidence intervals (RRs, 95%CI). A total of 23,934 mother-child pairs were obtained from the three surveys. The average prevalence decreased by 12.4 percentage points for stunting (from 50.8 to 38.4%, P<0.01), 9.5 percentage points for underweight (33.2% to23.7%, P<0.01), and 2.1 percentage points for wasting (12.2% to10.1%, P<0.01). There was persistent and statistically evidence of wealth inequality in stunting, underweight, and wasting (concentration indeces of -0.2 to -0.04, all P values <0.05). Stunting, underweight, and wasting variables were associated with male sex of the child (RR 0.94, 0.95, 0.85, all P-values <0.01) recent diarrhea (RR 1.18, 1.27, 1.37, all P-values <0.01), secondary education status of the mother (RR 0.66, 0.57, 0.61, all P-values < 0.057), increasing wealth index (richest) (RR 0.73, 0.70, 0.50, all P-values < 0.05), and having no toilet facility (RR 1.16, 1.22, 1.18, all P-values < 0.05). Despite the decreased burden of stunting and underweight, the prevalence of wasting remained relatively unchanged in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016. Moreover, wealth-related inequality in child undernutrition increased for most of the child undernutrition indicators during this period. Social determinants of child undernutrition warrant urgent implementation of strategies to reduce their health impacts in SSA.

The Molecular Detection, Characterization, and Temperature Dependence of Wolbachia Infections in Field Populations of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Greece

We investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of Wolbachia pipientis strains in Aedes albopictus populations in Greece. Using a combination of PCR and Sanger sequencing techniques, we genotyped Wolbachia strains in 105 mosquitoes collected across eight different administrative regions in 2021. We found a high prevalence of Wolbachia in both male (90%) and female (97%) mosquitoes. Among the infected samples, 84% had double infections with both wAlbA and wAlbB strains, while 16% had infections with only wAlbB. Our comparison of the Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) profile, employing gatB–coxA–hcpA–ftsZ–fbpA genotyping, revealed a single MLST profile for each wAlbA and wAlbB strain in Greek populations. The same MLST profiles were also reported in populations from China, Russia, and Argentina, suggesting low levels of global diversity in wAlbA and wAlbB strains. Furthermore, our results indicated a significant association between temperature and the prevalence of single infections (p = 6.498 × 10−7), with higher temperatures correlating with an increased likelihood of single infections. Although male bias showed a tendency towards single infections, the effect was marginally non-significant (p = 0.053). These results were confirmed using a bootstrap-with-replacement analysis approach. Overall, our findings offer novel insights into the distribution and species diversity of Wolbachia strains in Greek Ae. albopictus populations, emphasizing the importance of understanding the short-term plastic and adaptive responses of these organisms to environmental stressors and rapid climate change.

Macroscale impact assessment of flood damage reduction from climate change adaptation policies

AbstractAdaptation policies are being increasingly implemented to cope with the increased frequency of natural disasters due to climate change. However, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate the mitigating effects of these policies, as this allows for their assessment and prioritization. Therefore, this study sought to develop a nonlinear flood damage function for each administrative region of South Korea to quantify the potential damage caused by extreme rainfall events. Afterward, a power function was nested to model the coefficient of the flood damage function with regional factors characterizing each region's flood mitigation capacity. Here, regional factors were selected based on their linkage to two potential adaptation policies: enhancing retention reservoir and pumping capacity and enhancing river dike construction. The proposed evaluation framework was tested in 15 administrative districts in South Korea and the flood damage reduction effects of the two policy scenarios were estimated. The enhancement of retention reservoir and pumping capacity showed a 6.7% reduction effect, whereas enhancing river dike construction showed a 29.2% reduction effect. The implementation of both policies yielded a 34.3% reduction effect. Despite the limitations of this study, our findings still provide a quantitative comparison of the long‐term effects of national climate change adaptation measures. Additionally, accumulating more damage records would allow for the development of damage functions at a finer scale.

First records of the cosmopolitan terrestrial slug, Deroceraslaeve (O.F. Müller) (Gastropoda, Agriolimacidae) in the Philippines.

The cosmopolitan terrestrial slug, Deroceraslaeve (O. F. Müller, 1774), is reported in the Philippines for the first time and characterized through morphology, morphometrics, and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analysis. Slug samples were recovered from two administrative regions in Mindanao, Philippines. In Region X, there were two sites: Misamis Oriental (Gingoog, 664 m a.s.l.; Claveria, 937 m a.s.l.) with farms planted with cabbage (Brassicaoleracea), radish (Raphanussativus), and eggplant (Solanummelongena); and Bukidnon (Talakag, 1410 m a.s.l.) planted with cabbage. In Region XI, specimens were collected from potted ornamentals in five nurseries along the Kapatagan road, Davao del Sur, 1000-1200 m a.s.l. The external morphology of the specimens matched the published descriptions, and their identity was further confirmed by their partial COI sequences. The obtained COI sequence of the specimen in Region X showed 99-100% similarity with the voucher specimens from Mexico (KX959495, KX959496, KX959497, KX959498, and KX495499); while that of the specimen from Region XI is 100% identical to specimens collected from Japan (MW507142), Canada (MT680918 and MT941436), UK (KF894311), and Vietnam (MT941435 and MT941436). Moreover, D.laeve from Region X and Region XI shared 98% similarity with each other. Preliminary surveys show that slug occurrence is prevalent mainly in highland regions of the southern Philippines where specialty crops/high value crops like vegetables and ornamentals are cultivated. Further surveys are essential to confirm any damage that they may cause, their distribution, associated parasites, and pest status in the Philippines.

Современная эпизоотическая ситуация по бешенству в Гвинейской Республике

Rabies is a global area that is registered in most countries of the world, in a wide variety of natural and climatic zones. In Africa, the geography and ecology of rabies is complex and multilayered. Guinea is a country with diverse natural conditions and a large number of animals. The population is approximately 13 million inhabitants, which are distributed among eight administrative regions: Conakry, Kindia, Boke, Mamu, Labe, Farana, Cancan and N'zerekore. In Guinea, there are numerous cases of rabies among humans and animals every year, so the fight against rabies is an urgent task. To assess the epizootic situation, the spread of rabic infection in the regions of Guinea from 2010 to 2022 was studied. The study was conducted by the National Directorate of Veterinary Services of the Republic of Guinea. Epizootological analysis confirms that the disease has been registered in all regions of the country where rabies dominates. Risk factors for human infection are increasing from year to year, therefore, vaccination coverage of livestock and veterinary and sanitary measures remain one of the main tasks of the veterinary service.

Perkembangan Pelaksanaan Urusan Pemerintahan Umum di Daerah: Studi terhadap Pelaksanaan Urusan Pembinaan Pancasila dan Wawasan Kebangsaan

General government affairs fall under the authority of the President as the head of Government, which in fact are carried out by Heads of the Region, one of which is the sub-affairs of developing the value Pancasila and the nationalism insight. This authority is in fact exercised by the Regional Government by establishing Regional Regulations (Perda). In fact, regional regulations are enacted in order to carry out government affairs which fall under regional authority, carry out regional autonomy and assistance tasks, and accommodate special regional conditions. This research examines two features, first, can the authority for general government affairs be divided between provinces and districts/cities? Second, how is the development of the implementation of authority for general government affairs in the regions? The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and a conceptual approach. The results of this research are first, that although general government affairs are the authority of the President, their implementation is divided among the regions. The matter of fostering Pancasila and nationalism insight reaches all regions in Indonesia and is certainly not effective if it is only carried out by the President. Second, general government affairs which were originally carried out on the principle of deconcentration have developed towards decentralization. Strengthening the independence of Regional Governments in carrying out general government affairs is reason enough. Such as the formation of the Regional Regulation on Pancasila Education and National Insight which accommodates locality aspects and financing from the APBD. Regions in the implementation of general government affairs are ultimately not only administrative regions, but have become autonomous regions.

Assessment of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels on the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco

After being discovered in Wuhan, China towards the end of December, the novel infectious disease with human-to-human transmission (COVID-19) spread around the world and became a pandemic. Globally, there have been over 4 million 600,000 COVID-19 cases reported, and over 300,000 patients have passed away. Many of the pre-existing diseases that are impacted by long-term exposure to air pollution are also those that raise the risk of infection and mortality in individuals with COVID-19. Under the locking conditions, the current study investigates this correlation at the national Moroccan level. TROPOMI data from the Sentinel-5P satellite is utilized to map the distribution of NO2 in the troposphere. According to the findings, three administrative regions with the highest tropospheric NO2 concentrations harbored 60% of the COVID-19 infected cases. When viewed within the global context, these findings suggest that prolonged exposure to this contaminant may play a role in the infection, death, and dissemination of the COVID-19 virus.

Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions in Substance Use Disorders.

Engagement of astrocytes within the brain's reward circuitry has been apparent for approximately 30years, when noncontingent drug administration was observed to lead to cytological markers of reactive astrocytes. Since that time, advanced approaches in rodent behavior and astrocyte monitoring have revealed complex interactions between astrocytes with drug type, animal sex, brain region, and dose and duration of drug administration. A number of studies now collectively reveal that rodent drug self-administration followed by prolonged abstinence results in decreased features of structure and synaptic colocalization of astrocytes. In addition, stimulation of astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens with DREADD receptors or pharmacological compounds opposes drug-seeking behavior. These findings provide a clear path for ongoing investigation into astrocytes as mediators of drug action in the brain and underscore the potential therapeutic utility of astrocytes in the regulation of drug craving and relapse vulnerability.

A115: Revision of the Chinese Version of Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short for Middle School Students

Purpose: The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire -Short (PSDQ-S) is one of the world's recognized effective tools for measuring Physical Self-Concept (PSC). However, Latent profile analysis of the physical self-description among Chinese adolescents only supported the 3-dimensional model of PSDQ-S, that is, it could only distinguish the Physical Activity (PA), Appearance, and Body Fat of Chinese children and adolescents, but could not effectively distinguish the 8 dimensions of Coordination, Flexibility, Strength, Endurance, Sport, Global Physical, Health, and Global Esteem. It cannot meet the needs of PSC measurement in the field of sports psychology in China. The purpose of this study was to revise the PSDQ-S for Chinese middle school students, and to test its reliability, validity, and gender measurement equivalence in Chinese middle school students. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the Chinese version of PSDQ-S. 2505 middle school students in grades 7-12 (12-18 years old) were selected from seven administrative geographic regions of North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest and Northwest China, among which 1239 were male subjects, with an average age of (15.07±1.93) years, Female subjects were 1266, with an average age of (15.02±2.04) years. SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for data analysis. Results: Eight common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance interpretation rate was 79.45%. Confirmatory factor analysis support 8 factor model hypothesis (χ2 / df = 1.846, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.929, SRMR = 0.050, RMSEA = 0.061). The 8 dimensions were Physical Activity, Appearance, Body Fat, Flexibility &amp; Coordination, Endurance, Sport, Global Physical and Health. The average variance extraction of each factor of the Chinese version PSDQ-S convergence validity index was greater than 0.50, and the combination reliability was greater than 0.60. The gender equivalence hypothesis was established. Conclusions: The revised Chinese version of PSDQ-S has good reliability, validity, and gender equivalence. It can be used as a measurement tool of PSC of Chinese middle school students.