Administrative Reform Research Articles

A New Language of Rule: Alwar's Administrative Experiment, c. 1838–58

AbstractMany rulers of newly formed Indian Princely States enacted substantial administrative reforms in the first half of the nineteenth century as they sought to reinforce their power and secure revenue in the wake of British colonial conquest. In one such case, the ruler of Alwar, Banni Singh, recruited Aminullah Khan, a former record-keeper in Delhi's colonial courts, to serve as diwan (chief minister) and undertake administrative reforms starting in 1838. These reforms focused on agrarian taxation, the civil courts, and the military, and included changes to the roles of local officials, methods of record-keeping, and the language of governance. The reforms were encoded in seven slim volumes of regulations and model forms, handwritten in Persian. Through a study of these regulations, I situate the reforms of Alwar's administration within Banni Singh's broader self-fashioning as a modern ruler in a Mughal mode and show how the reforms drew from both Mughal and colonial ideas of statecraft. The regulations represented a shift toward a legalistic conception of that state as seen in the ideals of good governance that they espoused, and they constructed contractual relationships among villagers, low-level officials in the districts, and the central state through the extensive bureaucratic procedures that they encoded.

Lateral Entry into Government: A Recurring Theme in Administrative Reforms

The question of inducting fresh talent into government has been a subject of perennial debate. Several Committees and Commissions in post-Independence India have addressed this issue and suggested steps to attract talent from outside the government. The question of providing lateral entry and inter-service mobility is closely intertwined with whether there is a need to specialise, and, if so, at what stage in a civil servant’s career. An analysis of various Commission Reports provides useful insights into this issue. The article examines the suggestions made by various Commissions and their ramifications for Indian Administration. It explores the implications of lateral entry into the civil services and its impact on the administration.

Role of Information Technology to Control Corruption on Local Government in Nepal

Information Technology is very powerful tool to reduce corruption, increase the transparency & accountability and develop the nation in today's world. This study describes the role of IT in local government for accountability, transparency & corruption control. Improvement of delivery service mechanism, open government, administrative reform, law enforcement and social capital through information technology can provide accountability, efficiency, transparency to the public. This study is focused on local governments of Nepal. Corruption, lack of transparency, accountability & efficiency are the main problem for development of local society in local governments. To reduce these types of problem IT can play vital role. The main aim of this study is to explore the current status of information technology and its use in local governments. The researcher has applied field survey, direct interview and observation method to collect primary data from employees, public and elected representative body of local governments for currents status and utilization of IT. The researcher has analyzed current status of IT and its utilization by their employees, public & elected representative for different activities in local governments then concludes impacts of it on transparency, accountability & control corruption in local governments.
 Overall proper implementation of Information Technology played vital role to increase the accountability, transparency and efficiency of work by delivering quick service and other activities in local governments and reduce the corruption & develop the society of local governments.

Creating an Effective Bureaucracy by Reducing Bureaucratic Pathology in Local Governments

These factors, which are collectively referred to as sick bureaucracy or bureaucratic pathology, are experienced in local government bureaucracies and include convoluted work procedures, uneven workload, slowness, inefficiency, rigidity, lack of transparency, and corrupt behavior. The bureaucratic pathology that currently exists within the Department of Population and Civil Registration of the local government of Cianjur Regency is going to be reduced as a primary objective of this study. The reduction of this pathology will allow for the creation of a more efficient bureaucracy. This method can also be used to obtain insight into something little is known about, and it can assist researchers supply complicated details about phenomena that are difficult to define. This type of research is a type of qualitative research where this method can also be employed. The results of the study show that bureaucracy in Indonesia is still far from the principles of good governance because it is still patrimonialistic which is characterized as inefficient, ineffective and not objective. Overcoming this bureaucratic pathology can be carried out including global administrative reform, establishing clear legal and regulatory forces and creating a system of accountability and transparency. For the Cianjur Regency Population and Civil Registry Service in reducing bureaucratic pathology by eliminating service discrimination, providing good responses and simplifying services.

Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat (IKM) Pada Mal Pelayanan Publik Kota Banjarbaru Tahun 2022

In this study, the Banjarbaru City Public Service Mall will be the object of this study. The research aims to analyze the community satisfaction index (IKM). Provisions regarding the community satisfaction index (IKM), according to the Minister of Administrative Reform where there is a decree number 14 of 2017 concerning general guidelines for compiling the community satisfaction index for government agency service units. The approach used in this study is a quantitative method approach, with measurements using a Likert Scale. The sample used in this study was 150 respondents, with the sampling technique of probability sampling. Data analysis techniques in this study were analyzed beforehand by testing the validity and reliability tests then processing the data with a data tabulation system to draw conclusions about the community satisfaction index. The overall community satisfaction index for all indicators obtained an IKM value of 3.94 and an IKM conversion value of 78.8 which is in the category of service quality B and is in the good performance category. This shows that the services provided by public service mall officers are carried out properly. So that people are satisfied with the performance of the Banjarbaru city public service mall. Keywords: Public Service, Community Satisfaction, Community Satisfaction Index, Public Service Mall

FORMATION OF COMPACT AND EFFECTIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

In this article, by simplifying the management system in the Republic of Uzbekistan, optimizing the number of management bodies by introducing new administrative reforms in the system, eliminating functions that repeat each other, full service of citizens is justified. Also, in scientific work, together with foreign countries, the activities of competent authorities in the field of education, finance, anti-corruption are carried out and appropriate conclusions are given to eliminate problems.

Public administration reform: a managerial perspective

The reform of public administration is often designed and implemented by would-be reformers rooted in perspectives ranging from public law to political science to sectoral disciplines (social work, health, education, arts and culture, etc.). The value of the insights provided by these perspectives must undoubtedly be acknowledged; for reforms to deliver on their intended goals, though, they should rely on public management, i.e. the only discipline that puts improving the performance of public sector organizations at the centre of its concerns. This article outlines the key tenets of public management, explains its role in rolling out effective change and discusses the importance of fostering public management skills among civil servants.

Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of The Journal of Nursing

The Journal of Nursing (JN) was first published in Taiwan seventy years ago in 1953 under its former name, Nursing Quarterly. The first issue of JN under its current name was published in 1961. JN mainly publishes academic papers. Despite the vicissitudes of history, the Taiwan Nurses Association (TWNA) remained true to its mission of serving its members, and resumed publication of JN after relocating to Taiwan from China after 1949. JN articles published over the past seven decades have focused on promoting professional competence, advocating clinical practice, advancing nursing education, introducing new concepts of administrative reform, and disseminating research findings and clinical case reports with goals of promoting nurses' understanding of nursing professional theory, cultivating critical thinking and creativity, helping nurses acquire and accumulate knowledge and skills in scientific language, and solving problems encountered in clinical care and education. In addition, in response to advances in medical care and the COVID-19 pandemic, the content of JN published in 2020 highlighted the current pandemic situation in special articles, research, and case reports to provide readers with knowledge about related care and research results. Through the publication of journal papers, we are promoting more interactions and inspiring more sparks of insight. JN is valued by readers around the world because the contributions and support of its many authors have allowed the journal to grow and thrive. At the same time, I would also like to thank the editor of each topic for their enthusiasm and enthusiastic welcoming of manuscript contributions and all Review Committee members for their careful review of manuscripts and tireless modification and review of articles, so as to provide readers with reliable reference resources. Therefore, the quality of the content published in JN has been recognized globally, and has been successively indexed in the globally recognized databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed (indexed from 2004), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature; indexed from 1996), EBSCO Publishing (indexed from 2002), Scopus (indexed from 2004), ProQuest (indexed from 2012), and Airiti Library (indexed from 2004). Moreover, JN has been a RIHSS-accredited tier three journal since 2019. In addition, JN has won awards for five consecutive years since 2017. The excellent content quality of JN has made it an important source of knowledge dissemination and influence in domestic academic circles. Since becoming Editor-in-Chief of JN, I have read many contributors' articles and feel regularly grateful to the authors for their submissions, whether their articles are accepted for publication or not. With the efforts of previous Editors-in-Chief and Editorial Committee members, JN has continuously adjusted its mode of operations to meet social changes and has gradually established a comprehensive process for submission, review and publication. In recognition of JN's 70th anniversary in publication, we look forward to continued, sustainable development of the journal and of service for our global readership. We look forward for JN to do even more in the coming decade and beyond!

A Comparative Study on the Concept of Accountability Between Vietnam and Japan

This paper aims to describe the civil servant reform process in Vietnam. Also, the government concentrated on accountability of the public administration aligning with the civil servant system’s development. With the specialty of the socialist country, the concept and characteristics of accountability have contained uniqueness, especially in the Japanese paradigm. Thus, this paper will investigate accountability from the perspective of civil servants’ duties in Vietnam. In the comparative legal study, the research also refers to Japanese experiences. Some legal problems of accountability related to the civil servant law scheme will be pointed out to understand further obstacles of Vietnam in public administration reform over twenty years.

A Study on Economic Development Under Mughal Rule in Kashmir

The Mughal period in Kashmir emerged as a defining era, characterized by transformative socio-economic and cultural shifts. This research delves into the multifaceted influence of the Mughal Empire on Kashmir, examining the administrative reforms, economic prosperity, architectural marvels, and the intertwining of Mughal and Kashmiri identities. While the region thrived under the Mughals, experiencing urban growth, trade expansion, and cultural renaissance, it simultaneously grappled with economic challenges, including high taxation, middlemen exploitation, and external threats. The study juxtaposes the region's advancements, such as the Zabt system and the architectural legacies of emperors like Jahangir and Shah Jahan, against the backdrop of inherent vulnerabilities and external pressures. In essence, the Mughal influence on Kashmir presents a rich tapestry of growth, integration, challenges, and resilience, offering profound insights into the complexities of regional governance and identity formation within a vast empire. This research serves as a comprehensive exploration of a historically significant period, emphasizing the nuanced interplay between power, culture, and economics in shaping the destiny of a region.

THE CURRENT STATE OF GEODEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE ODESA REGION ON THE BASIS OF THE NEW ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

Problem Statement and Purpose. The article examines the current state of geodemographic processes in the Odesa region on the basis of the new administrative system. To achieve this goal, studies were conducted, as a result of which it was established that the main factor affecting geodemographic processes in the region is depopulation, which is partially compensated by positive migration. This indicates the need to revise the demographic policy in the region as part of the decentralization reform. The purpose of this article is to conduct and analyze the geodemographic process (GDP) in the Odesa region in modern conditions of transformation of social relations and administrative reform. Within the scope of achieving the goal, the following tasks were completed: an analysis of the administrative-territorial system in the Odesa region was carried out, particularly in the focus of GDP changes, to analyze the dynamics of demographic indicators, the rate of birth, death rate, natural increase/decrease of the population, migration increase. Data & Methods. When writing the article, traditional general scientific methods were used, which were combined with special methods of population demography and geography research. Statistical materials of the demographic situation at the national and regional levels were used for data analysis, and statistical and specific demographic methods were used for their subject processing. Excel software was used for data processing for the obtained results. When writing the work, data from official statistics were used. Results. In order to improve the geodemographic situation in Odesa, the necessary regional programs should be adopted, which should be aimed at increasing the birth rate, creating new jobs, improving the population’s life and improving its quality, reducing mortality rates, supporting young families, etc. Implementation requires a systematic approach and balanced decisions of regional and executive authorities.

LAW REFORM IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE RULE OF LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE OF TURKEY

The rule of Law is one of the critical concepts that guarantee the existence of a state. This concept becomes even more critical, especially in the mechanisms of the state that are directly related to the public, such as public administrations. Although the idea of the rule of Law is ontologically vital for the countries, it is essential to correctly determine the elements that constitute the Rule of Law in public administration and the internal and external factors. In addition, the relationship between public administration reforms and justice reforms, the effects of the Rule of Law, or how to increase and better integrate the rule of law dimensions in public administration reforms may constantly come up. In this research, the effect of supranational institutions such as the United Nations and the European Union, which are external factors, on establishing the Rule of Law in public administrations is examined through the example of Turkey. The study claims that supranational institutions such as the UN and the EU have essential effects on establishing law. After the beginning of the 2000s, when the EU membership process started to be especially effective, reports on Turkey produced by both the UN and EU institutions were discussed. Problems, the relations between them, and the reforms made in Turkey are examined, and the adequacy of the reforms made in Turkey in ensuring the Rule of Law is discussed. Even though events such as terrorist incidents and coup attempts have caused severe disruptions in practices in Turkey, it has been concluded that the public administration and legal reforms made significant contributions to the Rule of Law.

Zakat administration reformation towards an effective and efficient zakat revenue generation

PurposeThis study aims to identify the inputs from zakat administrators and experts needed for more efficient and effective zakat revenue generation.Design/methodology/approachFace-to-face interviews with zakat executives, administrators and experts are conducted to collect data.FindingsThe findings show three components of input required in the zakat transformation: environment, resources and history. The environmental component comprises five sub-components: companies, banks, zakat recipients, individual zakat payers and the legislative, while the resource sub-components comprise tangible and intangible resources. For history, two components, namely, achievements and challenges, need to be taken into account by the zakat administration.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s main implication is that the components proposed in this study can serve as the basis for developing new strategies for improving zakat collection and distribution management to achieve a more efficient and effective level.Practical implicationsThis study will be helpful for policymakers, especially zakat authorities, on how to enhance their administration.Originality/valueThe model developed in this study will help the zakat administration to reform and enhance zakat compliance and zakat revenue generation.

Everyday materialities, territorial bordering, and place-identity defined by recent administrative reform: reactions from Estonian dispersed ruralities

Population decline in rural areas has been a concern for many European countries for decades. To deal with shrinking, several measures have been taken in different countries. The study focuses on one of such measures – the administrative reform passed in Estonia in 2017, which merged smaller municipalities into regional municipality centres. This article examines the impact of this reform on rural transformation, concentrating on shifts in everyday mobilities, governance, and territorial identity at the village level. The research data is contextualised with the new mobilities paradigm, examining the relational everyday materialities that include interviews reflecting on changes at the regional, structural, and ideological levels. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews (N=60) with local activists and inhabitants in three study areas in sparsely populated parts of Estonia. The creation of municipality districts with representative bodies within larger municipalities have influenced these rural villages in various ways. In some cases, it has caused shifts in the mechanisms of civil governance that shape community activism. In others, strengthened awareness of representations of the rural appeared, offering a meaningful territorial identity and self-realisation to local people. However, the study also indicates that the distribution of rural municipalities into municipality districts can jeopardise local coherence and socio-cultural sustainability.

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan terhadap Kepuasaan Pengguna Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) Bidang Pendidikan Universitas selama Pandemi Covid-19

This study examines the effect of service quality on user satisfaction of public service agencies (BLU) in the education sector during the covid-19 pandemic. The quality of the services is measured using 14 service satisfaction indicators released in the Decree of the Minister of Administrative Reform Number: 63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003. The sample in this research is state universities (PTN) with legal entities in Jabodetabek. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that service quality has a positive effect on service user satisfaction. Therefore, the better the service quality, the higher the satisfaction of service users.

Does Employee Pay Variation Increase Government Performance? Evidence From a Cross-National Analysis

Pay variation across positions, functions, and ranks can affect government performance by influencing the ability of the government to recruit and incentivize civil servants, but this proposition has not been systematically examined. Taking advantage of a new panel dataset, we develop and test the theoretical linkage between pay variation of civil servants and government performance. Our findings show a contingency-based relationship between pay variation and government performance. On average, neither total pay variation nor vertical pay variation is significantly related to government performance measured by the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators. However, total pay variation is consistently and negatively correlated with government performance in low-income countries. The findings suggest the importance of accounting for national contexts in implementing administrative reforms and are a cautionary lesson about applying theories based on research on private firms to the public sector.

Administrative and Financial Reforms in Nigeria: The Panacea for Efficient Service Delivery

The study examines the Nigerian government's administrative and financial reforms. The goal is to examine the impact of various Programs and policies implemented in Nigeria, as well as the influence of these reforms on the country's public sector. This is critical in light of the evident professional shift among government and personnel on the one hand and among professionals on the other. In doing the research, this publication used an exploratory approach. The study's findings show that there is a lot of literature on public sector reorganization, but there isn't much on administrative and financial reform Programs in the public sector. As a result, the study suggests that reform Program is critical to guaranteeing efficient service delivery in the Nigerian public sector and national growth. The study suggests that government Programs and policies be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure alignment with national goals, mobilization of necessary resources for Program execution and implementation, and coordination among all levels of government and professionals.

A Chinese model of cross-control of administrative power: a case study based on the reform of administrative reconsideration and the non-lawsuit administrative execution system

ABSTRACT In China, it is difficult for an independent monitoring body to control administrative power. For power control mechanisms to work, the established power structure in China must be fully considered. The administrative reconsideration reform and non-lawsuit administrative execution reform, which have received much attention in China in recent years, show two different ways of thinking about power control. The dual-defendant system in the administrative reconsideration reform has a distinctly local character, whereas the non-lawsuit administrative execution reform tends to be more in line with the world’s mainstream model of independent judicial supervision. Comparing their results, the dual-defendant system has achieved an unexpected success, whereas the non-lawsuit administrative execution system has suffered setbacks. Summarising the successes and failures in practice revealed that the cross-control mode of administrative power embodied in the dual-defendant system in administrative reconsideration reform has cleverly configured the pressure of responsibility on different supervisory bodies, prompting each body to actively perform its supervisory duties. In contrast, the independent monitoring model emphasised in the non-lawsuit administrative execution reform neither strengthens the pressure of responsibility on monitoring entities nor brings actual benefits to them, so the reform is ultimately unsustainable. The conclusions of this comparison may provide lessons for similar institutional designs in China or other developing countries.

Performance-oriented management and political appointment: the interaction effect on quality of government

ABSTRACT Previous studies suggest that reforms of public personnel administration, especially implemented under the initiatives of New Public Management (NPM), increase government efficiency, while bureaucratic politicization is negatively associated with organizational performance and expertise. Yet, few studies provide empirical evidence about the interaction effect between NPM reforms and bureaucratic politicization on government performance. This study focuses on performance-related pay (PRP) reforms in public personnel administration and examines how the relationship between PRP and quality of government changes depending on political appointment. Using cross-country data analysis, findings show that the adoption of PRP is associated with higher quality of government, but the effect is negatively conditioned on the level of political appointment. Where political appointment is low, countries with PRP reforms are more likely to be impartial, efficient, and responsive to changes, but PRP reforms may not be effective for quality of government, where political appointment is pervasive in the civil service.

GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF TRANSFORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS FOR NEW ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS OF VOLYN REGION

Aim. The purpose of this study is a geographical analysis of the anthropogenic transformation of the landscape mosaic of the Volyn region as a result of uncontrolled land reclamation works. The article was a continuation of a series of publications devoted to the study of the processes and consequences of the transformation of the components of the natural environment in the context of the course of administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine. Method. In the scientific work, to take into account the influence of qualitative indicators on the process of transformation of landscapes of the Volyn region under the influence of drainage reclamation, the methodology of P. G. Shishchenko was used. A number of additions were made to the methodology in order to determine the coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes for calculating the coefficient of transformation of terrain and soils. Forests, meadows and pastures, and arable land in drained areas with an index of the depth of anthropogenic transformation were allocated to separate groups. For eroded lands, the index of the depth of anthropogenic transformation was taken as the same as for lands of industrial use. The results. Ukraine is characterized by a very high level of agricultural development of the territory, however, at the administrative-territorial level - by oblasts, districts, and even territorial communities, there are some differences in this regard. Determining the depth and condition of lands transformed in the process of drainage reclamation provides an opportunity to understand the consequences of the influence of a group of factors on the land fund and encourages the scientific study of various components of the environment. The types of land in the Volyn region, where agricultural land occupies 53% of the total territory and is unevenly distributed, have a colorful palette - it is arable land, and perennial plantations, and hayfields and pastures, etc. One of the consequences of drainage reclamation is the intensive mineralization of the organic part of the soil, so the results obtained using the adjusted method allow for a more differentiated assessment of the state of transformation of the landscapes of the Volyn region. The results are adequate, because there is a connection with the industrial development of territories and the level of use of land resources. The scientific novelty consists in the structural and geographical analysis of the impact of drainage reclamation on the territory of the Volyn region on various types of environment, in particular, relief and soils. The study was conducted for the newly formed administrative districts of the Volyn region in the course of the administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in the educational process of the Volyn National University named after Lesya Ukrainka, the National University of Water Management and Nature Management, the Rivne Professional Technical College of the National University of Water Management and Nature Management and other educational institutions in the teaching of geographic, economic and tourism disciplines. The results will find their application in the legislative and executive work of local self-government bodies when developing programs for the socio-economic development of territorial communities. Research materials will contribute to the rational use of natural and anthropogenically transformed resources of the Volyn region, which will allow to qualitatively influence the course of administrative and territorial reform. A number of provisions can be used in similar studies of other regions of Ukraine.