Administrative Institutions Research Articles

Horse antithymocyte globulin test doses and infusion reactions in adults with aplastic anemia: A multicenter retrospective experience

Introduction Horse antithymocyte globulin carries a black box warning for life-threatening anaphylactic reactions, and prescribing information recommends test doses to identify patients at highest risk of this adverse effect. The predictive value of such test doses is not well validated, and practicality of use is unclear. Methods This was a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter, retrospective cohort study in adults with severe aplastic anemia being managed with horse antithymocyte globulin as part of their treatment regimen. Qualitative and quantitative descriptions of test doses and infusion reactions are summarized, alongside key institutional administration practices. Results Of 49 patients who received intradermal test doses, two experienced positive reactions and went onto receive their full horse antithymocyte globulin course through prolonged infusion time or desensitization. Infusion reaction rate in patients with negative test doses was 61%, corresponding to a negative predictive value of 39%. Premedication, infusion time, and infusion reaction management were similar across institutions. Conclusion Horse antithymocyte globulin has a high risk of infusion reactions that must be monitored and managed closely. However, test doses do not consistently predict who will experience an infusion reaction, and their practicality may be limited with current administration practices.

Educational Institution Administration Toward Excellence

Background and Aims: Educational institutions need to be effectively managed to foster an environment that supports both high academic achievement and personal development to guarantee that students receive a high-quality education. Effective management also enhances resource allocation, curriculum implementation, and staff morale, all of which contribute to the institution's overall excellence and reputation. This paper aims to collect concepts and principles of educational administration towards excellence. Content from various reliable sources has been analyzed, reasoned, and written academically. Methodology: This study is a study of concepts, theories, and academic documents. The content is analyzed and then presented descriptively according to the objectives. Results: The administrator of education who elevates the quality of the educational establishment, there must be 10 important principles, consisting of 1) The organization's leader must have a clear vision, 2) Focusing on learning as the core, 3) Organizational learning, 4) Giving value to teachers, personnel, and participants, 5) Agility, enthusiasm, 6) Looking to the future, 7) Managing for innovation, 8) Public/social responsibility, 9) Focusing on results and creating value, and 10) Systemic management. Conclusion: Administrators must abide by ten fundamental principles, such as having a clear vision, emphasizing core learning, and valuing all stakeholders, to improve the quality of educational institutions. Together, these values create a progressive, creative, and goal-oriented atmosphere that guarantees systemic and long-term quality in education.

The impact of administration practices on student engagement in Nepalese colleges

This paper investigates the intricate relationship between students and administration within academic settings, focusing on a comprehensive study conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal. The research examines several factors influencing this relationship, including leadership, communication, resource allocation, dispute resolution, and student empowerment. A survey research design was employed, gathering data from students across ten university colleges using Likert scale questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software, specifically employing correlation and regression analysis to interpret the results. The findings provide significant insights into the effectiveness of communication channels, equity in resource distribution, the impact of leadership on student engagement, conflict resolution methods, and initiatives for student empowerment. Results indicate that positive resource allocation and strong student engagement significantly enhance student-administration relationships. Additionally, effective communication and leadership, along with robust conflict resolution strategies, contribute to a harmonious academic environment. This study underscores the importance of fostering these factors to improve interactions and relationships within educational settings. By applying the principles of People's Multi-Party Democracy (PMPD), which emphasizes inclusivity, representation, social justice, and civic engagement, the study advocates for a more empowered institutions that can contribute to sustainable development. The findings highlight key areas for policy development and strategic implementation aimed at optimizing the dynamics between students and administration in academic institutions across Nepal.

Assessment of Organizational Commitment Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

The recruitment and retention of qualified nurses are essential goals for healthcare institutions. However, various challenges can compromise nurses’ commitment. The study is a cross-sectional study conducted with 218 nurses using a sociodemographic questionnaire and an organizational commitment questionnaire and conducted through an online form. Data were analyzed using PSPP version 1.6.2-g78a33a. The sample consisted of 83.5% female participants and 43.1% were between the ages of 26-35. The proportion of singles in the sample was 46.8% and the proportion of those with postgraduate (specialist) degrees was 83.5%. Most participants had only one job (72.9%) and worked in private institutions (62.4%) in São Paulo (45.4%). The majority worked in wards (23.4%), had 1-5 years of professional experience (45.0%), and had been at their current institution for 1-5 years (61.0%). Most participants work daytime shifts (67.0%) with a weekly workload of 40-48 hours (58.7%). The majority of nurses (38.5%) had no intention of leaving their jobs in the past 12 months. Most nurses showed moderate (39.4%) or high (33.9%) levels of organizational commitment. Nurses, who had only one job, worked during the day and had no intention of leaving their job in the past 12 months, had higher organizational commitment scores. Although nurses maintain good levels of commitment even during crises, inadequate working conditions negatively affect this commitment. Healthcare institution administrators and nurse managers should aim to support nurses to strengthen their organizational commitment.

THE ROLE OF SOFT SKILLS IN TEACHER TRAINING IN THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

In the article, the authors analyse the concept of ‘soft skills’ and define the role of soft skills in the professional training of teachers in the modern educational process. It is established that these skills include the ability to empathise, active listening, constructive communication, conflict management and leadership qualities that contribute to the effectiveness of the teaching process, stimulate active interaction between participants in the educational process and contribute to the successful achievement of educational and professional goals. It is noted that developed soft skills allow a teacher to more effectively establish interaction with students, colleagues and the administration of a higher education institution. The ability to communicate, motivate and manage emotions creates an atmosphere of mutual understanding and trust, which has a positive impact on the success of students and forms their positive attitude to learning in general. In the article, the authors analyse the experience of other countries in developing soft skills for teachers, in particular in the Scandinavian countries, Singapore, Canada, Australia, and Japan. The study found that in order to develop soft skills in teachers, it is necessary to attend trainings and seminars, which will help teachers improve their dialogue skills, better understand the needs of students to resolve conflict situations and create a positive educational environment; create conditions for the professional growth of teachers, recognition of their achievements; encourage teachers to share experiences and cooperate with colleagues, which will help improve their teamwork and conflict resolution skills.

Influence of Social Ties on Knowledge Sharing Among Academics: A Qualitative Case Study

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between social ties and knowledge sharing among academics in a research team. A qualitative case study approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews to uncover key factors that facilitate or hinder this relationship. The findings emphasize the crucial role of social ties in facilitating knowledge sharing among academics and highlight the central role of research team leaders in promoting and strengthening these ties. Informal contexts and routines as well as in-person attendance were identified as core elements in cultivating social ties. Conversely, limited face-to-face interactions, workplace location, barriers to participation in informal activities, and differences in worldviews were identified as potential deterrents to the formation of strong social ties. We conclude that institutional administrators and research team leaders should promote shared physical and digital spaces and informal social practices, which, in turn, facilitate personal relationships and stimulate collaboration and knowledge sharing.

Digital Literacy as a Key Factor in the Preservation and Development of the Educational Process in Times of War

The purpose of the article is to explore the role of digital literacy in ensuring the continuity and quality of higher education during the war, to identify the main challenges facing the educational process in times of crisis, and to outline ways to effectively use digital technologies to expand educational opportunities. The article aims to substantiate the need to develop digital skills among students, teachers and administrators of higher education institutions as a tool for adapting to modern challenges under martial law. The research methodology – systematic analysis, generalization, and forecasting were applied, which made it possible to identify opportunities and prospects for the introduction of digital technologies into the educational process in the wartime and post-war period. The scientific novelty is to substantiate the definition of digital literacy as a strategic resource, to develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of digital literacy in the educational process and the level of digital competence among students and teachers, taking into account the specifics of martial law and post-war reconstruction. Conclusions. In today’s environment, digital literacy is an integral part of information security, data storage, and critical perception of information, and plays a key role in supporting and ensuring the educational process. Teaching basic digital literacy skills should remain a priority for society. The use of distance learning platforms, interactive tools, and cloud services has made it possible to continue learning even in the most difficult conditions. To overcome the digital divide, optimize educational processes and increase the level of digital skills, taking into account the conditions of the educational process in wartime, the following solutions are proposed: cooperation with local authorities and international organizations to expand access to high-speed Internet and technical equipment, especially in rural and remote regions; combining synchronous and asynchronous learning for the convenience of students; use of electronic platforms for distance learning; multimedia adaptation of educational content; and It is noted that the combination of innovative technologies and flexibility in teaching approaches will ensure a gradual reduction of the digital divide, optimization of the educational process and increase of the level of digital skills among students and teachers.

A Framework for the Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Interoperability for Open Data Ecosystems Development

The generation of social and economic value from the vast quantities of data opened by governments has been much lower than the initial expectations. It requires the development and cooperation of ecosystems composed of various public, private, and non-profit actors. For the development of these ecosystems in order to generate social and economic value from open government data (OGD), necessary conditions are, on the one hand, the availability of a critical mass of OGD and, on the other hand, the existence of some level of homogeneity and interoperability among the numerous portals and websites providing them, which enables their combined exploitation that increases the potential for value generation from them. This paper focuses on the latter and develops the Technical, Semantic, Legal, and Organizational (TSLO) Interoperability Framework, a conceptual tool designed to provide a structured multi-dimensional assessment of the interoperability capabilities of OGD infrastructures, based on the ‘European Interoperability Framework’ (EIF) as well as relevant OGD literature. This TSLO framework has been applied for the assessment of the above main dimensions of the interoperability of the OGD infrastructures of the Greek local government administration institutions of all three layers (decentralized, regional, and municipal). After this application, nine interviews were conducted with nine municipalities that do not provide OGD in order to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for this. The results of this first application of TSLO revealed not only the low participation of Greek local government institutions, and especially of the municipalities, in the OGD movement (with only 8 out of the 332 municipalities providing open data on their portals or websites), but also the inconsistent implementation of this, especially with respect to the use of semantic technologies as well as the legal frameworks under which the open data are provided, resulting in low levels of interoperability among them. The interviews that were conducted revealed that the opening of some of their data was not a priority for them, as their limited resources had to be used for the development of internal information systems for increasing their efficiency, as well as e-services for the citizens, enabling them to conduct transactions electronically (through the Internet). Our study makes a contribution to the still limited body of research on OGD ecosystems, examining an important precondition for their development that has not been researched in previous literature; also, our framework can contribute to the increase of interoperability of OGD infrastructures and therefore to the increase of social and economic value generations for the OGD they provide.

EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AT NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE AREA OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND CORRUPTION IN LATVIA

Purpose and aim of the study: to assess the effectiveness of conflict of interest and corruption risk management at national public administration institutions and develop proposals for the improvement therein.Design / Methodology / Approach: The research employed logical construction and deduction, the graphical and monographic methods, as well as SWOT analysis and pairwise comparison.Main Findings: In 2017, a Cabinet Regulation of the Republic of Latvia regarding the implementation of internal control systems (ICS) to prevent conflict of interest and corruption risks became effective. However, some research studies found that the systems were practically formal and did not lead to effective risk management. Comprehensive ICS policies were found to be implemented by national institutions with the policies being designed by their risk management departments, and effective risk management was achieved by implementing three lines of protection as well as regularly reviewing and enhancing the risk management policies.Originality: The novelty of the present research: no shortcomings were found in the legal framework for internal control systems or in the binding guidelines, yet there was a problem with meeting the requirements set by the formal legal framework, which were not aligned with the specifics of institutions and the respective field.Implications: The research found that the application of risk management tools beyond the relevant legal framework for internal control systems by national institutions needed to be improved to increase the effectiveness of the system applied in practice and enhance risk management processes.

Prospective evaluation of a residency preparation checklist for PGY1 match success.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. The study objective was to determine whether scores on a residency preparation checklist differed for student pharmacists who matched with a postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency program and those who did not match. This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study with a voluntary survey administered before Match Day, between March 1 and 15, 2022, to student pharmacists in their final year of pharmacy school. Participants were from 3 institutions in Indiana. The survey consisted of 4 demographic items and the 33 items from a previously validated residency preparation checklist. Match data were obtained from each institution's administration and paired with survey results, and the data were then deidentified. The primary endpoint analyzed was the overall score for matched vs unmatched students, with secondary endpoints evaluating association of individual checklist items with matching through univariate analysis and forward logistic regression. A total of 111 student pharmacists applying to residency programs completed at least part of the survey (72.5% response rate). Of these studnts, 95 (85.6%) matched during phase I or phase II. Students who matched had a median checklist score of 24, which was significantly higher than the score for students who did not match (median checklist score of 20). The median checklist score was also significantly higher in students offered interviews at 50% or more of the programs to which they applied in phase I than in participants who were offered interviews at less than 50% of programs. In the univariate analysis, 9 checklist items were significantly different for matched vs unmatched participants. A prospective evaluation of a validated residency checklist determined that candidates who matched with a PGY1 pharmacy residency program had a significantly higher score than those who did not. This tool can be used by pharmacy residency candidates and mentors throughout pharmacy school to help prepare for successful placement in a PGY1 pharmacy residency program.

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of State owned Assets Management in Administrative Institutions

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of State owned Assets Management in Administrative Institutions

Creative Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators in the Digital Era of Educational Institutions under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Creative Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators in the Digital Era of Educational Institutions under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Creative Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators Under the Jurisdiction of the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Creative Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators Under the Jurisdiction of the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Effect of AI literacy on online information search competencies among medical students in Pakistan

In today's technology-driven healthcare landscape, AI competencies are essential for medical students. This study assessed AI literacy and online information search (OIS) skills among 336 students from 12 public medical institutions in Sindh, Pakistan. The survey revealed strong AI literacy in areas such as hardware, software, data literacy, content creation, safety, and problem-solving, but students struggled with understanding AI errors. They also demonstrated sufficient behavioral, procedural, and meta-cognitive competencies in online information searching. A significant positive correlation between AI literacy and OIS skills was found, indicating that higher AI literacy improves students’ search abilities. These findings underscore the need to integrate AI-related skills into medical education to better prepare students for the evolving healthcare environment. The study offers insights for AI developers, AI vendors, medical educators, librarians, medical institution administrators, and policymakers on how they can play a significant role in enhancing AI literacy and search competencies in medical education.

Эмоциональное лидерство в студенческих организациях (на примере обучающихся Российского университета дружбы народов)

The article considers the concept of emotional leadership in the context of the managerial discourse of student organizations. An empirical study using the author’s tools created on the basis of D. Goleman’s theory of emo-tional leadership has been implemented. Students of the PFUR were interviewed in order to identify their pre-ferred leadership styles. Information about the types of emotional leadership that students prefer depending on their status (head of a student organization or not) It can help improve management practices. By applying emotional leadership skills, the head of a student organization can improve the quality of management and motivation of the team, as well as attract new members. For the administration of an educational institution, the development of students’ emotional intelligence can be in demand when implementing youth policy at the in-ternal level, as well as improving communication with students.

Innovation Through the Titip Bandaku Program at Library and Archives Services of Klaten Regency, Indonesia

Background: Concerning archival services, local government agencies are responsible for managing archives within the regions. The Klaten Regency Government has adopted technology to produce innovation in public archives services, focusing on the management and preservation of archival records. To achieve this objective, the Titip Bandaku (Titip Berkas Arsip Digitalku) archival innovation program was established, facilitating the digital conversion of physical documents. However, in the implementation of program which has been running for approximately 5 years, the volume of digitized documents has not met the targets set by Library and Archives Services as the implementing government agency. Purpose: Therefore, This study aimed to examine the implementation of the Titip Bandaku program in protecting and preserving archives, identifying the obstacles included, and how the Klaten Regency Library and Archives Services addressed these challenges. Method: A qualitative-descriptive method was used to describe the implementation of the Titip Bandaku innovation based on the theory of innovation (State Administration Institute, 2017) with two dimensions of innovation namely output and outcome5. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data further underwent stages of analysis through data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Result: The implementation of the Titip Bandaku Innovation Program positively impacted the preservation of community archives against disasters by digitizing records. On the Output indicator, program was a pioneering effort within Klaten Regency to protect archives in disaster-prone areas, offering swift and customized services despite capacity limitations. On the Outcome indicator, program improves the security of community archives, lowers transportation costs through a mobile services system, and shows sustainability with the backing of regulations, funding, and continuous enhancement of facilities and services. Conclusion: The Titip Bandaku program at the Klaten Regency Library and Archives Services did not achieve optimal functionality. Factors hindering progress included limited human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and the poor condition of some archives. To improve program’s effectiveness, several measures were recommended, such as forming a dedicated Titip Bandaku team, increasing public outreach through community activities, and fostering partnerships with relevant stakeholders.

INSTITUTIONAL EVALUATION: A TOOL FOR EDUCATIONAL QUALITY

The study investigated the effectiveness of institutional assessment as a tool for improving educational quality, seeking to understand to what extent this practice contributes to the development of educational institutions. The general objective was to analyze the contribution of institutional assessment to improving educational quality, identifying practices in this process. The methodology adopted was a bibliographic review, with a qualitative approach, which analyzed relevant academic sources on the subject. The results indicated that, when integrated into school management and used strategically, institutional assessment can promote significant improvements in both pedagogical processes and in the administration of institutions. However, it was highlighted that the effectiveness of this process depends on the appropriate use of the results by managers and educators, in addition to its ability to mitigate or, in some cases, exacerbate educational inequalities. The final considerations reaffirmed the importance of institutional assessment as an instrument for educational management and improvement, emphasizing the need for planning and a commitment to applying the results. The study suggested the need for further research to broaden the understanding of the impacts of institutional assessment, especially in relation to issues of social and educational inequality.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership of Higher Education Institution (Hei) Administrators on Teachers’ Performance in China

Higher education leaders (HEI) are the college directors, deans, department chairpersons, and program coordinators. Over time, the roles and functions of academic administrators have changed significantly. This study investigated the influence of the HEI administrators’ transformational leadership on teachers’ performance in China and contributed to the limited studies on these variables in the context of HEI in China. Guided by the theory of transformational leadership, this study was designed using a quantitative descriptive correlational research approach. Through the participation of 314 HEI faculty, the results revealed that the overall assessment of transformational leadership qualities is evident, but the overall performance of teachers is rated as average. And among the predictors of transformational leadership, only the empowering variable has a positive influence on the assessment of teachers’ performance.

Funding and its impact on the administration and organisational efficiency of technical vocational education and training institutions

In the present study, the author examines how the lack of funding can impact the administration and the organisational efficiency of technical vocational education and training (TVET) institutions (I). The research examines human capital development and TVET as instruments for propelling growth and development and contributing to Trinidad and Tobago’s (T&T) economic and social advancements. The study explored how TVETIs can be a central pillar in the progress of T&T’s development. The research material consists of 10 interviews with educational experts from four postsecondary TVETIs in T&T and the chief executive of T&T TVET’s regulatory body. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with the leading regulator, instructors, managers, and a curriculum expert. The author utilised thematic analysis in the research by adopting a deductive approach. The data revealed several challenges that engulf the administration and management of TVETI in T&T, mainly because of financial woes. Three themes emerged from the data: Funding for Administration, Funding for Human Capital Development and Funding for Organisational Efficiency. Insightful revelations were unearthed from the educational experts, which were generated from the data which provide an in-depth perspective on the administration and management of TVET in T&T. The results show that T&T’s education experts see funding as a significant challenge. Many argue that a lack of funding severely impacts their institutions, which erodes human capital development growth. The study concludes that a lack of funding can severely and has impacted TVET in several ways. An absence or a lack of funding brought the closure of top-notch schools used in the training and growth of teachers for the educational system. Human capital development and TVET were also highlighted as essential tools for economic and social deprivation. However, a better approach is needed to finance TVET moving forward.

Legal Transformation of a Public Tertiary Institution: Turnaround and Public Interest of the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)

Abstract Just over a decade ago, public tertiary institutions depended on the government for funding and received instructions on running their day-to-day affairs from the state. Recently, GIMPA a public tertiary institution deployed legal options to gain autonomy to stabilize its financial performance and service delivery. This article updates the progress that has since been made in understanding the reversal of the stressful financial situation of the institute through the lens of the existing legal framework. Further, the paper examined an ambitious organizational structure dwelling on a robust legal framework to redirect management policies, rules, regulations, and functional decisions of a public tertiary institution serving public management and public administration training and consultancy. Termed “legal framework,” this set of legal instruments is cultivated into efficient and effective operations that yield financial stability that ensures growth and is trajected towards national development.