Administration Of Piroxicam Research Articles

Assessment of the piroxicam-incited model of synchronized colitis in T-cell receptor alpha chain-deficient mice.

A multitude of mouse models are utilized to emulate and study intestinal inflammation. T-cell receptor alpha chain (TCRα)-deficient mice are used as a model of spontaneous colitis that has similarities with human ulcerative colitis. However, colitis is triggered late in the life of the mouse (age: 4-5 months), and inflammation does not develop at the same time in different mice. A previously conducted study reported that the administration of the drug piroxicam triggered predictable and early colitis in TCRα-deficient mice at the age of 6-8 weeks. However, a detailed characterization of ensuing inflammation was not provided. We conducted an in-depth examination of piroxicam-triggered colitis in TCRα-deficient mice, with emphasis on spatial histopathologic changes and analysis of expression of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, we tested amelioration of colitis with dexamethasone. We confirmed that piroxicam induced a time-prescribed colitis and did so in the proximal colon as well as the cecum of TCRα-deficient mice. Piroxicam administration was observed to induce epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell loss, and leukocyte infiltration with occasional ulceration. A Swiss roll technique was used to examine the colon and cecum in its entirety. Importantly, we observed that inflammation was multifocal segmental, with areas of tissue damage in between healthy tissue. In addition, we observed variability in the severity of inflammation among replicate animals and treatments, and that the administration of dexamethasone only partially ameliorated inflammation in the proximal colon. Piroxicam consistently induced multifocal segmental colitis in the proximal colon and cecum, although the degree of inflammation was reduced in the latter. Importantly, spatial variability in inflammation in the large intestine and the inter-replicate variation in the severity of inflammation must be taken into consideration when utilizing this murine model of synchronized colitis.

Update on Evidence and Directions in Temporomandibular Joint Injection Techniques: A Rapid Review of Primary Research.

This rapid review summarizes the latest primary research in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injection treatment. The final literature searches were conducted on 4 January 2024. Selection was performed systematically following predefined eligibility criteria. Randomized control trials concerning the treatment of TMJ disorders with intra-articular injections were included. Studies on more invasive interventions were excluded. Quality of life, joint pain and range of mandibular mobility were assessed. Ultimately, 12 studies covering a total of 603 patients qualified. They concerned: (1) arthrocentesis (AC) and the administration of, (2) injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF), (3) platelet-rich plasma (PRP), (4) hyaluronic acid (HA), (5) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and (6) hypertonic dextrose (HD) with a local anesthetic. The dominant approach was to perform arthrocentesis before administering the appropriate injection substance (I-PRF, PRP, HA, or NSAID). Two current studies on the intra-articular administration of NSAIDs, specifically tenoxicam and piroxicam, are noteworthy. A mixture of PRP and HA was injected in another two trials. These two innovative approaches may prove to be significant directions for further research on injection treatment of TMJs.

Effects of Ginger and Piroxicam Administration on the Electrolyte, Urea and Creatinine Levels of Wistar Albino Rats with Renal Pathology

Effects of Ginger and Piroxicam Administration on the Electrolyte, Urea and Creatinine Levels of Wistar Albino Rats with Renal Pathology

Pengaruh Pemberian Omeprazole Terhadap Profil Farmakokinetika Piroxicam Dengan Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT)

Piroxicam is an anti-inflammatory drug belonging to the NSAID group and is also used as an analgesic and anti-rheumatic drug. Its use is often combined with stomach medicines, as the side effects of piroxicam can irritate the stomach. One of them is omeprazole. Since piroxicam and omeprazole act on the same enzyme, CYP450, they can affect the pharmacokinetic profile, especially at the metabolic stage and excretion of piroxicam. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetic profile of piroxicam especially in the metabolic phase and excretion. The method used in this study was an experimental method using three male rabbits. These rabbits are divided into three groups. The first treatment group was giving pyroxicam solution 0.653 mg / kg body weight, the second treatment group gave piroxicam 0.653 mg / kg body weight that one hour before was given omeprazole 1.2 mg / kg body weight and the third group treated with piroxicam 0.7 mg / kg body weight at the same time with omeprazole 1,4 mg / kg body weight. Plasma levels of the drug piroxicam are measured using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tool. The verification method is executed. This is the determination of LOD and LOQ values, accuracy and accuracy testing. The result of data analysis using t-table. The results showed that there was an increase or difference in pharmacokinetic parameter values ​​during the absorption phase, but no significant effect was shown for each group. Pharmacokinetic parameter values ​​for metabolic stages and excretion were reduced and no significant difference was shown between the groups. Simultaneous administration of omeprazole and piroxicam and administration of piroxicam 1 hour before omeprazole may inhibit piroxicam-metabolizing enzymes and thus affect pharmacokinetic parameters and excretion during absorption, but are not significant.

Bombax costatum enhances piroxicam's efficacy: Possible involvement of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, opioidergic and arachidonic pathways

With increasing drug-herb combination and widespread use of Bombax costatum as analgesic in Africa, this research studies effects of Bombax costatum on piroxicam's efficacy and possible mechanisms of antinociception. In efficacy studies, four groups of mice were respectively treated with 1mL/kg distilled water, 400mg/kg Bombax costatum, 20mg/kg piroxicam and a combination of both. Acetic acid and hot plate were used to induce pain in mice while prostaglandin-E2 and formalin were used to induce inflammation in rats. For mechanistic studies, different groups of mice were treated intraperitoneally with 2mg/kg naloxone, 1mg/kg yohimbine, 20mg/kg propranolol, 5mg/kg glibenclamide and 1mg/kg prazosin respectively. Two other groups were treated orally with 1mL/kg of the vehicle and 400mg/kg Bombax costatum respectively. 60minutes later, 10mL/kg of 0.6% acetic acid was administered via the intraperitoneal route and number of writhes were observed for 10minutes. Concurrent administration of Bombax costatum and piroxicam decreased the number of writhes significantly (P≤0.001), increased reaction time with decreased paw diameter in comparison to control. Additionally, this drug-herb combination showed enhanced anti-nocipective efficacy than when administered singly. Also, pre-treatment with yohimbine and naloxone significantly (P≤0.01) inhibited the antinociceptive activities of Bombax costatum. Bombax costatum posses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and may involve α-2 adrenergic receptor, opioidergic and arachidonic pathways. In addition, Bombax costaum augments the efficacy of piroxicam and could be of clinical benefits if studied on man.

EVALUATION OF CHONDROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF INTRA ARTICULAR PIROXICAM IN POST-TRAUMATIC OSTEOARTHRITIS MODEL OF RAT

Objective: To evaluate the chondroprotective effect of piroxicam in post-traumatic osteoarthritis model of rat.
 Study Design: Laboratory based experimental study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacology department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Apr to Jun 2019.
 Methodology: Project included sixteen rats of Sprague Dawley breed. Osteoarthritis was induced in anesthetized rats by surgical removal of medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament resection. After that rats were randomly allocated in two groups with eight rats in each group. Rats of group I were positive control that received 0.2 ml saline intra articularly once weekly for four weeks. Meanwhile rats of group II (treatment group) received 50 µl piroxicam intra articularly once weekly for four weeks. One week after the drug intervention, radiograph of the right knee joint of all rats were taken. Animals were then sacrificed with inhaled chloroform and part of proximal tibia was obtained for histopathological analysis.
 Results: Comparison of radiographs of both groups depicted a significant p-value of <0.01. Meanwhile mean histopathological score of control group and treatment group were 11.50 ± 1.195 and 6.50 ± 1.195 respectively with a p-value of <0.01.
 Conclusion: Intra articular administration of piroxicam in post-traumatic Osteoarthritis model of rats resulted in improvement in radiographic grades and histopathology scores.

Effect of Tannin-Rich Extract of Chasmanthera dependens on Piroxicam-induced Liver Damage in Male Wistar Rats

Background: Piroxicam is one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used as antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug often used for the relief of nonspecific fever condition and in arthritis. This study investigated the protective potential of tannin-rich extract of Chasmanthera dependens (TRECDS) against piroxicam-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: Thirty two rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 received normal saline and served as the control group, group 2 were given 20 mg/kg piroxicam only, while groups 3 and 4 were given 20 mg/kg piroxicam with the addition of 200 and 400 mg/kg of tannin-rich extract of Chasmanthera dependens, respectively. All rats were treated orally once daily for ten days.Results: Administration of piroxicam caused liver atrophy demonstrated by significant rise in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) levels of albumin (ALB), bilirubin (BIL), total cholesterol (TCHOL), triglyceride (TRIGS) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Piroxicam also decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels significantly (p>0.05) with attendant increase in oxidative stress indices in the liver of rats compared with control group. Histological assessment reveled severe damaged to the liver of rats. However, co-administration with TRECDS reversed these observations as evidenced in the histological results.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that exposure of rats to piroxicam provoked damage to the liver via oxidative damage and TRECDS has the potential of ameliorating the damage.Keywords: hepatotoxicity, piroxicam, Chasmanthera dependens, oxidative stress

Clinical and Complementary Diagnosis of Sinus Neoplasia in Horses

Background: Sinus neoplasms are reported as low frequency in horses. Its clinical characteristics are often nonspecific, depend on complementary methods for diagnosis, and when diagnosed, generally they are already advanced, limiting therapeutic possibilities. The objective of this case series was to detail clinical aspects and complementary exams for sinus neoplasms for early diagnosis, comparing them with the literature.Cases: Four horses were treated at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, with different clinical signs and previous diagnoses, which when evaluated by respiratory endoscopy, radiography, oral cavity evaluation and histopathological exams, revealed the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, ossifying fibroma and lymphoma. Previous diagnosis, based mainly on clinical signs, were sinusitis secondary to apical infection, ethmoidal hematoma, sinus cyst and sinusitis secondary to periapical disease. The cases of anaplastic carcinoma (case 1) and lymphoma (case 4) presented with an advanced degree of the disease with involvement and destruction of paranasal structures and adjacent tissues, in addition to a poor general condition, which made surgical treatment impossible and led to euthanasia. In these cases, previous treatment was made to apical infection and periodontal disease with secondary sinusitis, but negative evolution led to suspicion of neoplasia, confirmed by histopathological exam of incisional biopsy of the mass in oral cavity. Benign ossifying fibroma (case 3) presented with progressive respiratory difficulty due to occlusion of the lumen of some nasal meatus and radiographic signs of invasion and deformation of the adjacent bones, it was submitted for surgical excision and there was no recurrence until hospital discharge. The poorly differentiated carcinoma (case 2) was a multilobulate neoformation in the ethmoidal region, similar to ethmoid hematoma in endoscopic and radiographic evaluation, it was submitted for excision and two sessions of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, associated with administration of piroxicam, which obtained a good result until the period of 1 year after discharge.Discussion: It was found that many characteristics are common with these types of neoplasms, and the clinical signs, such as nasal secretions, airway obstruction, increased facial volume, severe alterations in oral cavity, although unspecific, suggest the differential diagnosis for neoplasms. It is important to differentiate from other diseases noting the evolution and growth of these tumors, like in cases 1 and 4, especially the growth to internal tissues, using complementary methods described here, like endoscopic and radiographic examination. Late identification or even manipulation of neoplasms, without proper diagnosis, leads to a few prognoses regarding life. When it is possible to perform surgical excision, complementary methods are important to guide the procedure, and definitive diagnosis is made through histopathologic exam and some need immunohistochemistry analysis. Cases 2 and 3 had surgical access, were submitted to excision and treatment with good results, both with close monitoring in first months and prolonged quality of life. These results highlight the importance of complementary methods for early diagnosis, correct intervention and monitoring of evolution.Keywords: sinus neoplasia, paranasal sinus, tumor, head, horses.

Effect of piroxicam administration on outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of piroxicam adjuvant therapy on the clinical and biochemical pregnancy rate in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (ET) cycles. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 178 patients eligible for IVF-ET received either single dose of piroxicam 1-2 h before frozen-thawed ET or a placebo at the same time. Study participants were then followed and compared regarding the primary outcome of the study, which was biochemical (positive β-human chorionic gonadotrophin test) and clinical pregnancy (detected fetal heart beat in ultrasound) rate. The results of this study indicated that there is no significant association between the piroxicam administration before frozen-thawed ET and the clinical or biochemical pregnancy rate (P = 0.208 and P = 0.699, respectively). The findings of the current study suggest that piroxicam administration before ET has no beneficial effects on pregnancy rate among women undergoing IVF and frozen-thawed ET. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are recommended.

Methanol Extract of Chasmanthera dependens Stem Mitigates against Mechanisms Involved in Piroxicam-induced Liver Damage in Rat

Chasmanthera dependens has been claimed by tradition healers as a therapeutic agent in many diseases including hepatotoxicity. This study sought to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective potential of tannin-rich extract of Chasmanthera dependens stem (TRECDS).
 Thirty two male Wistar rats (100- 130 g) were divided into four groups of eight rats per group labelled as group 1,2,3 and 4. The rats were treated orally for ten days consecutively. Group 1 served as control group and received normal saline, group 2 rats received 40 mg/kg piroxicam alone, groups 3-4 were treated with 40 mg/kg piroxicam and 200 and 400 mg/kg TREDS respectively concomitantly. All the experimental rats were fed with standard rat chows. Twenty four hours after, blood was collected to obtain serum; liver was excised to prepare homogenate and histology staining under pentobarbital sodium anaesthesia. Liver function test (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)) biomarkers were assessed. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) and apoptotic markers; caspase-3 (CASP-3) and caspase-9 (CAPS-9), cytochrome-c (CYT-c)) were also assessed.
 The results showed that piroxicam administration caused hepatic damage as was evident in the histological assessment with increased serum activities of liver function markers, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers. TRECDS also showed significant attenuation of the oxidative stress by decreasing the LPO level and increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH level.
 Oral administration of TRECDS also restores the morphological structure of the liver in a dose-dependent manner.
 Conclusion: Oral administration of TRECDS exhibited protective potential against piroxicam-induced hepatotoxicity.

The Effect of Omeprazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Piroxicam Profiles with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method

Piroxicam is an anti-inflammatory drug of the NSAID class that is commonly used as an analgesic and anthireumatic drug. Its use is often combined with gastric drugs, one of which is omeprazole, considering the side effects of piroxicam which can irritate the stomach. Piroxicam and omeprazole work on the same enzyme, CYP-450 so that it can affect the pharmacokinetic profile especially in the metabolic and excretion phases of piroxicam. This research is an experimental study using 3 male rabbits. Measurement of plasma levels of piroxicam drug is carried out using a High Performance’s Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) tool. The validation method is used to determine LOD and LOQ values, accuracy, and precision tests. The results of data analysis using t-tables. The results showed the value of pharmacokinetic parameters in the absorption phase increased or there were differences but did not show any significant effect on each group. While the pharmacokinetic parameter values ​​in the metabolic and excretion phases decreased and showed no differences between groups. The administration of omeprazole and piroxicam together and the administration of piroxicam which was given an hour earlier by omeprazole can inhibit the enzyme that stimulates the metabolism of piroxicam so that it affects the pharmacokinetic parameters in the absorption phase and also excretion but is not significant.

Histopathological Changes in Liver Induced by Piroxicam Administration in Adult Male Albino Mice Mus musculus

Background: Piroxicam is one of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which is widely used in treating rheumatic disorder. Aim of the study: Studying the effects of piroxicam pertaining on the liver tissue to the chronic administration in male albino mice Mus musculus histologically and histochemically changes. Material and methods: A total number of (30) adult male albino mice were utilized in this study, they were randomly distributed into three groups, the first and second groups were orally treated with concentrations (75, 150) mg/kg of piroxicam respectively for one and two months, the third group considered as control group were orally treated with distilled water, liver samples were collected every one and two months for the histological and histochemically study. Results: This study recorded the presence of histopathological changes in liver tissue of the treated mice with concentration 75 mg/kg represented by degeneration of hepatocyte, sinusoidal dilation, inflammatory cellular infiltration, vascular congestion in the portal vein and beginning of calcium casts formation, while the group treated with 150 mg/kg of the drug showed portal vein congestion and dilation, blood sinusoidal were highly obliterated, proliferation of bile duct and nuclei appeared pyknotic, in addition there were a remarkable decrease in the glycogen controls of cells. Conclusion: It could be concluded that piroxicam drugs has drastic effects on liver tissue as represented by the observed histopathological changes.

Bombax Costatum extract abrogates piroxicam-mediated hepatic and gastric toxicities in rats

Concurrent administration of orthodox drugs and herbs is common in tropical Africa. This study investigates the effect of co-administration of piroxicam and Bombax costatum on hepatic and gastric toxicities and levels of oxidative stress markers. Twenty male wistar rats were grouped into four. Rats in group one were administered 1mL/kg distilled water as normal control; group two were treated with 400mg/kg of extract; group three were treated with 20mg/kg of piroxicam; while those in group four were treated with both extract and piroxicam at 400mg/kg and 20mg/kg, respectively. All treatments were given orally for 14 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were euthanised; blood samples and stomach were collected for determination of hepatic and gastro-toxicity alongside with oxidative stress markers. Treatment with piroxicam alone shows the presence of oxidative stress with marked hepatic and gastric toxicities. Oxidative stress markers, hepatic and gastric toxicity indices after treatment with extract alone and in combination with piroxicam appear like that of the control group. Concurrent administration of piroxicam and Bombax costatum prevents piroxicam-induced hepatic and gastric toxicities with a positive effect on antioxidant levels. This may indicate important health benefits of this drug-herb combination.

Effect of sodium butyrate on gastric ulcer aggravation and hepatic injury inflicted by bile duct ligation in rats

Background and AimCholestasis is positively associated with an increased risk of peptic ulceration. The present study investigated the aggravating effect of cholestasis on piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration. The study also evaluated the effect of sodium butyrate (SoB) on piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration in cholestatic animals and its effect on hepatic tissues and both effects were compared to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a standard anticholestatic drug. MethodsBile duct ligation was adopted for induction of cholestasis in rats. The cholestatic animals received saline, SoB (P.O, 400 mg/kg, twice daily) or UDCA (P.O, 30 mg/kg/day) for 4 days starting from the first day of surgery. On the 4th day, blood samples were collected for determination of serum hepatic markers, then gastric ulcers were induced by piroxicam administration (P.O, 50 mg/kg) and 4 h later, the stomach was isolated and gastric mucosa was collected for biochemical determinations. The ulcer indices for the investigated drugs were compared to omeprazole as a standard acid suppressive drug. ResultsPiroxicam-induced ulceration was exacerbated in cholestatic rats. Gastric mucosa showed a significant elevation of MDA and TNF-α together with a significant decrease in GSH &VEGF levels. SoB treatment significantly attenuated ulcer development. The afforded protection was higher than that provided by UDCA and was not significantly different from that afforded by omeprazole. SoB significantly decreased gastric mucosal MDA and TNF-α level, whereas UDCA failed to alter these parameters. Both drugs significantly elevated GSH, VEGF and IL10 levels. Similar to UDCA, SoB showed a significant reduction in AST, ALT, GGT, ALP and bilirubin level. Histopathological examination confirmed the attenuating effect of SoB on gastric and hepatic injury. ConclusionsSodium butyrate effectively protected gastric and hepatic tissues against cholestasis-induced damage. Gastroprotection was mediated through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activities.

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaves' Extract and Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) Oil Ameliorate Piroxicam Induced Gastric Ulcers in Male Rats

Gastric ulcer is a standout amongst the most significant gastrointestinal disorders affecting human worldwide. An extraordinary interest should be given to find natural medications to treat this disease. Plant extracts are more favored because of their wide safety margins and less or no adverse health impacts. The present study was conducted to assess the antiulcer activities of hydroethanolic extract of moringa leaves (500mg Kg BW) and linseed oil (0.3mL/ Kg BW) on piroxicam (30 mg Kg BW) induced gastric ulcers in Wister albino rats. Forty five adult male albino rats were allocated into five equal (9 each) groups designated as negative control, piroxicam, ranitidine, moringa and linseed oil groups. The results revealed that administration of piroxicam in a single oral dose induced gastric ulcers in rats, decrease in body weights (187.50±10.51g) and increase in gastric juice (1.64±0.24mL) with altered hematological, biochemical and histological findings. Meanwhile, oral administration of ranitidine, Moringa oleifera and linseed oil amelioratedthe ulcerogenic effect of piroxicam with curative ratios of 100, 97.5 and 100%, respectively. From the previous findings we concluded that hydroethanolic extract of moringa leaves and linseed oil were effective treatments of piroxicam induced gastric ulcer in rats. Antiulcerogenic effect of moringa and linseed oil may be attributed to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Potential Curative Effect of Curcumin on Gastric Ulcer Induced by Piroxicam in Male Albino Rats

This study intended to investigate the curative effect of curcumin on piroxicam-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Twenty-seven male albino rats were allocated into three similar groups (9 of each). The firstgroup (G1) was the control, G2 received piroxicam (30 mg∕ kg BW.) to induce gastric ulcer and G3 received piroxicam (30 mg∕ kg BW.) and on the third day it received curcumin (200 mg ∕ kg BW.) orally for 21 day. At the end of the experiment, the rats were humanly euthazied and blood and serum samples were taken for haematological and biochemical analysis, respectively. Subsequently, the stomachs were opened along their curvature for evaluation of ulceration, gastric juice was measured and gastric samples were preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological examination. Piroxicam administration induced gastric ulceration (100%), non-significant changes in the gastric juice volume and a remarkable decrease in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume with a significant increase in platelets count, white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. Furthermore, it displayed a significant reduction of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities with a significant increase in malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations. Histopathological results revealed focal mucosal erosive and ulcerative changes with sever hyperemia of stomach in piroxicam treated group (G2). Oral administration of curcumin treated the piroxicam induced gastric ulceration and improved the altered hematological parameters, oxidant ∕ antioxidant status and histological pictures of rats in G3. Therefore, curcumin may offer an attractive strategy for treatment of gastric ulcer.

Tannin-Rich Extract of <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i> Stem Potential in Piroxicam-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Piroxicam is commonly used as anti-inflammatory and pain relieving drug; however, its side effects include fluid retention, renal damage and heart failure. This study aimed at evaluating the nephroprotective role of different doses of the tannin-rich extract of Chasmanthera dependens stem (TRECDS) on piroxicam-induced nephrotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty-two adult rats were divided into four groups of eight rats per group and treated orally for ten days. Rats in group one received 0.5 ml normal saline (0.9% v/v) and served as normal control group. Rats in group two received 20 mg/kg body weight piroxicam alone. Rats in groups three and four received 20 mg/kg body weight of piroxicam with concomitant administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of TRECDS. At the expiration of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and the kidney was removed. Renal function was evaluated. The results showed that administration of piroxicam alone caused a significant elevation in the serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, total protein, urea concentrations and the activity of renal nucleotidase with a reduction in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) when compared to normal control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, renal tissue from the piroxicam alone treated group revealed a significant decrease in the activities of renal superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase as well as reduced glutathione with concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide generation. In addition, histological assessment of the renal tissue showed noticeable damage in piroxicam alone treated group. However, concomitant administration of TRECDS showed a dose-dependent reduction in the concentrations and the activity of the kidney markers with significant increase in the activities of G6PD and restores the antioxidant status of the kidney. The results show the nephroprotective potential of TREDS against piroxicam-induced renal damage.

Preemptive Use of Piroxicam on Tooth Sensitivity Caused By In-Office Bleaching: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This clinical trial evaluated the effect of preemptive use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam in a single dose 30 min prior to in-office bleaching on the prevention of tooth sensitivity (TS) reported by patients. Fifty patients were submitted to two sessions of in-office tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide used for 2 sessions, each consisting of a single 45-min application, with an interval of 7 days between session. Thirty minutes prior to the procedure, the patient randomly received a single dose of piroxicam (200 mg) or placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. The TS was evaluated using verbal rate (VRS) and visual analog (VAS) scales during the bleaching procedure and at 24 h after each session. The color changes were assessed by the Vita Bleachedguide scale 1 week after each bleaching session. Risk of TS was calculated from the VRS and analyzed by the McNemar test, while the level of TS was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. For the VAS, t-tests were used to compare data from the treatments at each assessment time. Data regarding color changes were subjected to Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). The preemptive administration of piroxicam did not affect the risk and level of TS compared to placebo, irrespective of the assessment time. The treatment sequence did not affect bleaching effectiveness. In conclusion, the administration of a single dose of piroxicam prior to in-office tooth bleaching was unable to significantly reduce the risk and level of TS.

Hematological and physiological study of the effect of piroxicam in male albino mice Mus musculus

Objective: The current study has been conducted to identify the effect of piroxicam in making hematological and physiological changes in adult male albino mice Mus musculus , the study included counting numbers of red and white blood cells, and the estimation of hemoglobin and packed cells volume concentrations, it also included measuring urea, creatinine and potassium ion concentrations in blood serum. Methods: A total number of (64) adult male albino mice were utilized in the present study, they were randomly distributed into four main groups, the first three groups were orally treated with 0.1 ml of the drug with concentrations of (50,100,150) mg/kg respectively, while animals of the forth group which were considered as control group were treated with 0.1 ml of distilled water, administration were continued for eight weeks, at the end of each period the blood samples were withdrawn for the hematological and physiological studies. Results: the statistical results of the present study revealed significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in the mean number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, and in the percentage of packed cells volume of the animals treated with (50,100,150)mg/kg for the periods (6,8) weeks in comparison with control group, whereas the statistical results of white blood cells showed a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) of their levels in the groups treated with (100,150) mg/kg for (6,8) weeks as compared with control group. While the groups treated with (50) mg/kg didn’t show any significant changes along the whole administration period, On the other hand, the physiological study showed a significant change (P&lt;0.05) in the concentration of urea and creatinine in the last weeks of administration compared with control group. Conclusion: It is obvious from this study that piroxicam has a remarkable effect on blood parameters that caused a significant reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cells volume values, it also caused a significant increase in the number of white blood cells, furthermore the chronic administration of piroxicam had a physiological effect in adult male mice.

Gellan Nanohydrogels: Novel Nanodelivery Systems for Cutaneous Administration of Piroxicam.

The feasibility to use gellan nanohydrogels (Ge-NHs) as delivery system for the cutaneous administration of piroxicam (PRX) was investigated using gellan conjugated with cholesterol or riboflavin. The in vitro skin penetration studies through human epidermis were performed using a saturated aqueous drug solution, a 50% w/v Transcutol aqueous solution, and a commercially available PRX plaster as controls. Confocal microscopy, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and a dynamometer assisted extrusion assay were performed to clarify the permeation mechanism of Ge-NHs. The skin permeation studies evidenced that Ge-NHs enhance the PRX retention in the epidermis and, at the same time, slow down the permeation process with respect to the controls. NHs can penetrate the stratum corneum, and then gradually disassemble thus diffusing in the viable epidermis reaching the spinosum layer. In conclusion, NHs represent a novel strategy to target poorly permeable compounds in the epidermis, thus improving the management of cutaneous pathologies.