Administration Of Diuretics Research Articles

Perioperative predictors of early surgical revision and flap-related complications after microvascular free tissue transfer in head and neck reconstructions: a retrospective observational series

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of perioperative fluid management and administration of vasopressors on early surgical revision and flap-related complications in free tissue transfer.Materials and methodsIntraoperative amount of fluid and of vasopressors, relevant perioperative parameters, and comorbidities were recorded in 131 patients undergoing head and neck microvascular reconstruction and compared with early surgical complications, defined as interventions requiring surgery after a flap-related complication, and/or other surgical problems in the operating room within 30 days after initial surgery. The relationship between perioperative variables for each revision category was determined using an optimized multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe administration of diuretics (p=0.001) as a treatment for perioperative fluid overload and the type of flap (p=0.019) was associated with a higher risk of early surgical revisions. Perioperative fluid overload (p=0.039) is significantly related to flap-related complications. We found no effect of intraoperative administration of vasopressors on early surgical revisions (p=0.8) or on flap-related complications (norepinephrine p=0.6, dobutamine p=0.5).ConclusionPerioperative fluid overload is associated with higher risks of early surgical revision and flap-related complications. In contrast, the administration of vasopressors seemed to have no effect on either surgical revision rate or flap-related complications.Clinical relevanceIn patients receiving microvascular reconstructions, a balanced fluid administration perioperatively and a targeted use of vasopressors should be the necessary strategy to reduce the complication rates in head and neck surgery.

Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and nocturia: a systematic review of the pathophysiological mechanisms.

Nocturia significantly impairs quality of life, especially in the elderly population, and urinary retention is a main target of treatment for urologists. In addition to nocturia, cardiovascular diseases are common in the elderly population, and a systematic review showed that hypertension and heart failure are often associated with nocturia. One possible pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of hypertension is an increase in blood pressure due to excessive salt intake in people with high-salt sensitivity. From Guyton's natriuretic curve, we can infer that salt-sensitive hypertensive patients who consume too much salt do not excrete salt during the daytime and are forced to excrete salt at night, resulting in increased urine production and nocturia. In patients with heart failure, the nocturnal supine position leads to an increase in central fluid volume due to an increase in venous return from the periphery, and the secretion of natriuretic peptide is stimulated by the stretching of the atria and ventricles. Thus, natriuresis due to hypertension and hydrodiuresis due to heart failure may cause nocturia, which can effectively be treated by the administration of thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics in the morning, respectively. Because cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and heart failure, can cause nocturia and because the treatment methods differ depending on the cause, it is necessary to pay close attention to nocturia in the management of lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease.

Narrative review of pharmacotherapy for transthyretin cardiac amyloid.

Treatment of cardiac amyloidosis is determined by the amyloid type and degree of involvement. Two types of amyloid commonly infiltrate the heart: immunoglobulin light-chain amyloid (AL), and transthyretin amyloid (ATTR), that encompasses other two forms, a hereditary form (hATTR), and a sporadic, age-related wild-type (wtATTR). The prevalence is expected to increase with aging population. The natural history of ATTR cardiomyopathy includes progressive heart failure (HF), complicated by arrhythmias and conduction system disease. New therapies options have been approved or are under investigation. We performed a narrative literature review, manually-searched the reference lists of included articles and relevant reviews. Treatment for cardiac ATTR should be directed towards alleviation of HF symptoms and to slow or stop progressive amyloid deposition. Conventional HF medications are poorly tolerated and may not alter the disease progression or symptoms, except perhaps with the administration of diuretics. There are three approaches of therapy for ATTR cardiomyopathy: tetramer stabilizers, inhibition of ATTR protein synthesis and clearance of deposited fibrils. Tafamidis diminishes the progression of cardiomyopathy, functional parameters, improves overall outcome in patients with early disease stages, irrespective of ATTR status and is well tolerated. Diflunisal has shown promising results in early studies, but at the expense of significant side effects. Two new agents, antisense oligonucleotides, patisiran and inotersen are under investigation in cardiac amyloidosis. Patisiran appears to be the most effective treatment for hATTR, although evidence is limited, with a relatively small cardiac subpopulation. Therapies considering clearance of amyloid fibrils from tissue remain experimental. In conclusion, tafamidis is the only approved agent for the treatment of ATTR cardiomyopathy although multiple other agents have shown promising early results and are undergoing clinical trials. Careful consideration of the type of ATTR, comorbidities and disease stage will be key in deciding the optimal therapy for ATTR patients.

Approach to decongestion therapy in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the echocardiography guided strategy.

Goal The E / (Ea×Sa) index is an echocardiographic parameter to determine a patient's left ventricular filling pressure. This study aims to determine the safety and efficacy of the echocardiographic E / (Ea×Sa) index guided diuretic therapy compared to urine output (conventional) guided diuretic treatment.Material and Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who were hospitalized due to acute decompensation episode were consecutively allocated in a 1:1 ratio to monitoring arms. The diuretic dose, which provided 20 % reduction in the E / (Ea×Sa) index value compared to initial value, was determined as adequate dose in echocardiography guided monitoring group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), change in weight, NT pro-BNP level and dyspnea assessment on visual analogue scale (VAS) were analyzed at the end of the monitoring.Results Although the similar doses of diuretics were used in both groups, the patients with E / (Ea×Sa) index guided strategy had the substantial lower NT pro-BNP level within 72 hours after diuretic administration (2172 vs.2514 pg / mL, p= 0.036). VAS score on dyspnea assessment was significantly better in the patients with E / (Ea×Sa) index guided strategy (52 vs. 65; p= 0.04). And, in term of body weight loss (4.93 vs.5.21 kg, p=0.87) and e-GFR (54.58±8.6 vs. 52.65±9.1 mL / min / 1.73 m2p=0.74) in both groups are associated with similar outcomes. In both groups, there was no worsening renal function and electrolyte imbalance that required stopping or decreasing loop diuretic dosing.Conclusions The E / (Ea×Sa) index guidance might be a safe strategy for more effective diuretic response that deserves consideration for selected a subgroup of acute decomposed HFrEF patients.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Receptor Blocker, Diuretic, or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use After Major Surgery and Acute Kidney Injury: A Case-Control Study

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common after surgery and associated with increased mortality, costs, and lengths of hospitalization. We examined associations between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), diuretic, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use after major surgery and AKI. Materials and methodsWe conducted a nested case-control study of patients who underwent major cardiac, thoracic, general, or vascular surgery in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Cases with AKI were matched on age, gender, and surgery type with up to five controls without AKI within 30-d after surgery. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for AKI were determined based on postoperative administration of ACEIs/ARBs, diuretics, or NSAIDs. ResultsAmong 33,648 patients in the cohort, 2911 cases with AKI were matched to 9309 controls without AKI. Postoperative diuretic [OR = 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.68-2.29], but not ACEI/ARB (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.72-0.95) or NSAID (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.96-1.31), use was independently associated with higher odds of AKI (including stages 1 and 2/3 AKI) after all types of major surgery. There were increased adjusted odds of AKI 1 to 5 d after first exposure to diuretics and 1 d after first exposure to NSAIDs (but not after later exposures). Relationships between ACEI/ARB use and AKI varied by surgery type (p-interaction = 0.004), with lower odds of AKI observed among ACEI/ARB use after cardiac surgery (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.57-0.81), but no difference after other major surgeries. ConclusionsPostoperative administration of diuretics and NSAIDs was associated with increased odds of AKI after major surgery. These findings characterize potentially modifiable medication exposures associated with AKI after surgery.

Advantages of gravity-assisted diuretic renogram: F + 10 (seated position) method.

In 1978, O'Reilly introduced the diuretic renogram using the F + 20 method. Initially, the patient was examined in the seated position. A dose of 40 mg furosemide was injected intravenously 20 min following tracer injection and dynamic acquisition was prolonged for 15-20 min. In 1992, the guidelines suggested to study patients in the supine position to avoid risk of diuretic-induced hypotension and reduce patient movement. Unfortunately, equivocal findings were reported in 15-30% of cases. Side effects such as bladder fullness and disruption because of voiding were reported. Several methods had been proposed in the supine position, such as the well-tempered diuretic renogram F + 20, F - 15, F0 and F + 2, with different time in minute of diuretic administration in relation to tracer injection. However, as confirmed by many studies, there was no clear evidence suggesting superiority among these methods. We suggest using the diuretic renogram with the F ± 10(sp) method for the diagnosis of obstruction in adult patients with hydronephrosis and for the follow-up in patients who underwent a surgical treatment of the urinary tract. We searched all international guidelines and articles of most influential authors published from 1978 to October 2020 on diuretic renogram. We selected 60 articles. F + 10(sp) method improves patient compliance avoiding bladder fullness-related problems, without need of catheterization. It allows for a more reliable quantification of the renal output, thanks to outflow indices that are favored by gravity effects.

The effect of myxomatous mitral valve disease severity on packed cell volume in dogs.

The aim of this study was to examine whether associations between disease severity and packed cell volume exist in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Data were selected from 289 dogs that had been examined at a research clinic (2004-2017) on multiple occasions (n=1465). American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage and echocardiographic measurements were entered in separate multivariable linear mixed effects models with packed cell volume as the dependent variable. Age, breed, sex, weight and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were additionally tested in these analyses to control for patient characteristics. Packed cell volume (% whole blood) in stages B1 and B2 (B1: 42.62 ±0.27, P=0.001; B2: 41.77± 0.42, P< 0.001) was lower than stage A (44.57 ±0.53). In stage C, packed cell volume was greater than both preclinical stages (C: 43.84 ±0.46). When the administration of loop diuretics was included in statistical models, packed cell volume was inversely related to normalised left ventricular internal diameters (β: -2.37; 95% confidence intervals: -3.49, -1.25; P< 0.001). Dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease may develop reductions in packed cell volume as their disease progresses. Although this finding was statistically significant at a population level, it should be noted that the differences described are relatively small. This, along with other causes of variation in packed cell volume, means that changes would be challenging to appreciate within individual patients. Plasma volume depletion following diuretic administration may explain why findings differed in stage C.

982 Postpartum diuretic therapy in women with preeclampsia: a meta-analysis

Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis using available data from RCTs that evaluated the use of diuretic therapy in the postpartum management of preeclampsia. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase using relevant search terms. Secondary citations from retrieved papers were also reviewed. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials of deliveries complicated by preeclampsia who were treated with a diuretic or placebo/no treatment in the immediate postpartum period. Clinical characteristics, outcome measures, treatment subtypes were extracted. Outcome data were abstracted and meta-analysis was conducted using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects model with test of heterogeneity. Five RCTs met inclusion criteria, with 590 women (Treatment n=296, Control n=294). The treatment group needed significantly less inpatient anti-hypertensive medication or dose escalation p<0.015 (3 studies, n=482, odds ratio (OR) 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.91). Use of diuretic therapy was also associated with fewer women requiring anti-hypertensive medication at discharge (5 studies, n=590, OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94, p=0.02). Among the subset of women with preeclampsia with severe features, diuretic therapy was associated with significantly less additional anti-hypertensive medication use (2 studies, n=170, OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.52, p=0.0003), and these patients were less likely to require an anti-hypertensive medication at discharge (3 studies, n=260, OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.67, p=0.001). No statistically significant differences were noted in readmissions for hypertensive control, length of hospital stay, or adverse events. Postpartum administration of a loop diuretic following delivery complicated by preeclampsia decreases the need for additional postpartum anti-hypertensive therapy or dose escalation and decreases the need for anti-hypertensive therapy at time of discharge. Additional research is needed to elucidate optimal treatment regimens to maximize efficacy and minimize risk.

Natriuretic Equation to Predict Loop Diuretic Response in Patients With Heart Failure

BackgroundMost acute decompensated heart failure admissions are driven by congestion. However, residual congestion is common and often driven by the lack of reliable tools to titrate diuretic therapy. The authors previously developed a natriuretic response prediction equation (NRPE), which predicts sodium output using a spot urine sample collected 2 h after loop diuretic administration. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to validate the NRPE and describe proof-of-concept that the NRPE can be used to guide diuretic therapy. MethodsTwo cohorts were assembled: 1) the Diagnosing and Targeting Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance (MDR) cohort was used to validate the NRPE to predict 6-h sodium output after a loop diuretic, which was defined as poor (<50 mmol), suboptimal (<100 mmol), or excellent (>150 mmol); and 2) the Yale Diuretic Pathway (YDP) cohort, which used the NRPE to guide loop diuretic titration via a nurse-driven automated protocol. ResultsEvaluating 638 loop diuretic administrations, the NRPE showed excellent discrimination with areas under the curve ≥0.90 to predict poor, suboptimal, and excellent natriuretic response, and outperformed clinically obtained net fluid loss (p < 0.05 for all cutpoints). In the YDP cohort (n = 161) using the NRPE to direct therapy mean daily urine output (1.8 ± 0.9 l vs. 3.0 ± 0.8 l), net fluid output (−1.1 ± 0.9 l vs. −2.1 ± 0.9 l), and weight loss (−0.3 ± 0.3 kg vs. −2.5 ± 0.3 kg) improved substantially following initiation of the YDP (p < 0.001 for all pre-post comparisons). ConclusionsNatriuretic response can be rapidly and accurately predicted by the NRPE, and this information can be used to guide diuretic therapy during acute decompensated heart failure. Additional study of diuresis guided by the NRPE is warranted.

Loop Diuretics Inhibit Renal Excretion of Trimethylamine N-Oxide

This study demonstrates, for the first time, that renal tubular excretion of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is inhibited by concomitant loop diuretic administration. The observed marked accumulation in the renal parenchyma, and to lesser extent, plasma, implies differential distributions of TMAO across various tissues and/or systems as a consequence of efflux channel control. A better understanding of TMAO renal clearance and its potential interactions with current and future therapies in patients with heart failure are warranted.

The Impact of Door to Diuretic Time in Acute Heart Failure on Hospital Length of Stay and In-Patient Mortality.

BackgroundAcute heart failure (AHF) can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and can significantly increase the number of annual emergency department (ED) encounters in the United States. Achieving adequate and prompt euvolemic state in AHF patients using intravenous (IV) diuretics is the cornerstone of treatment, which not only reduces in-hospital stay and mortality but also decreases healthcare expenditures. Surprisingly, the door to diuretic (D2D) time in AHF patients has always been a debatable issue among physicians worldwide, and so far, there are no set guidelines. This study examines a large cohort of AHF patients to determine the association between diuretics use within 90 minutes of ED admission and hospital length of stay (LOS) and patient mortality. MethodsRetrospective institutional data of AHF patients receiving IV diuretics following ED admission were extracted from 2016 to 2017. A total of 7,751 patients treated for AHF exacerbation were included, which were further divided into two groups based on the timing of diuretics administration (<90 minutes vs. ≥90 minutes). The primary outcomes were LOS between the two groups and hospital mortality. The standard statistical methodology was used for data analysis.Results A total of 7,751 AHF cases receiving IV diuretics were identified. Almost 1,432 patients (18.5%) received IV diuretics within 90 minutes of ER admission (group 1) while 6,319 patients (81.5%) patients received IV diuretics after 90 minutes (group 2). Furthermore, among group 1 patients, average LOS was noted to be associated with shorter hospitalization (average of 1.423 days less as compared to group 2 patients (confidence interval (CI) =1.02-1.82; p<0.05). Finally, after controlling for other mortality risk factors, patients in group 2 were 1.435 times more likely to have died compared to patients in group 1 (CI=1.03-1.98; p<0.05).Conclusions D2D time in AHF patients has always been a crucial judgmental decision. The current study successfully demonstrated the relation between IV diuretics administration within 90 minutes of ED admission, favorable clinical outcomes, and decreased mortality rates. More adequately powered studies are needed to validate the results of our current study further.

Association between the Use of Diuretics and Size Reduction in Pediatric Atrial Septal Defect.

While diuretics are sometimes used in atrial septal defect (ASD) treatment, their effect on ASD size reduction remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of diuretics in ASD size reduction in pediatric patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with secundum ASD (size ≥10 mm), between 2005 and 2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on the diuretic administration. Of the 73 enrolled patients, 40 received diuretics. The initial age at ASD diagnosis (2.8±1.7 vs. 2.5±2.0 years, p=0.526) and follow-up duration (22.3±11.4 vs. 18.7±13.2 months, p=0.224) were not significantly different between the groups. The ASD diameter at the initial diagnosis (13.7±2.0 vs. 13.5±3.4 mm, p=0.761) and the indexed ASD diameter (25.5±5.9 vs. 26.9±10.3 mm/m², p=0.493) were also not significantly different between two groups. The ASD diameter significantly increased in the non-diuretic group during follow-up (0.0±2.9 vs. +2.6±2.0 mm, p<0.001). The indexed ASD diameter significantly decreased in the diuretic group during follow-up (-5.7±6.5 vs. +0.2±3.9 mm/m², p<0.001). In the linear mixed model analysis, diuretic use was associated with ASD diameter decrease (p<0.001) and indexed ASD diameter reduction (p<0.001) over time. Device closure was more frequently performed in the diuretic (75.0%) than in the non-diuretic group (39.4%). Patients receiving diuretics are less likely to undergo surgery. The diuretics administration may be associated with the use of smaller ASD devices for transcatheter treatment through ASD size reduction.

Ambulatory Management of Worsening Heart Failure: Current Strategies and Future Directions

Heart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent and morbid disease in the USA. The chronic, progressive course of HF is defined by periodic exacerbations of symptoms, described as 'worsening heart failure' (WHF). Previously, episodes of WHF have required hospitalization for intravenous diuretics; however, recent innovations in care delivery models for patients with HF have allowed a transition from the acute care setting to the ambulatory setting. The development of remote monitoring strategies, including device-based algorithms and implantable haemodynamic monitoring systems, has facilitated more advanced surveillance of patients, aiming to prevent the clinical deterioration that leads to hospitalization. Additionally, the establishment of multidisciplinary HF clinics has provided the setting and resources for the outpatient treatment of WHF, specifically the administration of intravenous diuretics. Here we review the current state of ambulatory HF management, including mechanisms for patient monitoring and treatment, and outline future opportunities for outpatient management of this patient population.

Experience in using focused cardiac ultrasound in patients with acute heart failure in the intensive care unit

Portable ultrasound devices in initial cardiac patient examination in intensive care units are seen as an essential addition to conventional physical examinations. Aim. To assess the potential of using focused cardiac ultrasound for patients admitted in the intensive care unit with a clinical performance of acute heart failure. Material and methods . The study included 180 patients, 110 of whom were men. The mean age was 57 (40; 74) years. The patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of patients who, upon admission, underwent a general clinical examination and an ultrasound with a portable device; group 2 — patients who, upon admission, underwent only a conventional examination. Using portable ultrasound scanners, the doctors evaluated ventricular contractility, the presence of significant valve regurgitation, the diameter and degree of inferior vena cava collapse, as well as the presence, prevalence and number of B-lines. The differences in the time required for the diagnosis using various methods were determined. Structural changes in the heart and lungs, identified using a portable ultrasound device, were also assessed. Results . In the group of patients who underwent focused cardiac ultrasound, the time from admission to initiation of therapy was 11 (7; 18) minutes. In the group 2, the median time from admission to initiation of intravenous diuretic administration was 86 (52; 116) min (p&lt;0,001). According to the results of an ultrasound with a portable device, the following changes were noted: significant left ventricular contractility decrease were found in 32,4% of patients; a decrease in right ventricle contractility — in 16,2%. In 50% of patients, the left ventricular contractility was sufficient. In 43,3% of patients, bilateral B lines were identified as a sign of interstitial pulmonary syndrome; in 38,8%, there were signs of hypervolemia when assessing the inferior vena cava. Hemodynamically relevant mitral regurgitation was noted in 28,8% of cases; hemodynamically relevant tricuspid regurgitation — 21,1%; relevant aortic regurgitation — 6,6%. In 10% of patients, there was restricted mobility of aortic valve leaflets, which was suspected as aortic stenosis. In 18% of cases, no significant intracardiac hemodynamic changes were noted. Conclusion . It has been shown that examination with focused cardiac ultrasound in the intensive care unit reduces decision time by more than an hour. Initial examination of a patient with acute heart failure using pocket cardiac ultrasound devices reveals clinically relevant intracardiac hemodynamic disorders.

Bile thickening syndrome in newborns and young children: risk factors, therapy, prognosis. А clinical case study

Bile thickening syndrome or biliary sludge causing obstruction of the common bile duct and impaired passage of bile into the duodenum ranks second among “surgical jaundice” in newborns and young children. The syndrome should be diagnosed early to conduct timely conservative treatment to avoid surgical intervention and complications such as acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis. Risk factors for bile thickening syndrome include prematurity, extremely low birth weight, long term parenteral nutrition, administration of diuretics, third generation cephalosporins. If a threat of biliary sludge arises, repeat abdominal ultrasound imaging and identification of the following signs of this syndrome are indicated: dilatation of CBD more than 3 mm, the presence of heterogeneous sediment in the gallbladder and common bile duct. The article presents a clinical discussion of a bile thickening syndrome case in a an extremely low birth weight girl born at 29 weeks’ gestational age. The condition of the newborn at birth was very severe. The severity of the condition was caused by the type 1 respiratory distress syndrome, the girl was immediately intubated and mechanically ventilated. At the age of 1 month 10 days, the girl was transferred from the intensive care unit to the neonatal unit. The ultrasonic imaging showed an oval-shaped gallbladder of 26 x 6 mm in size, 0.5 ml in volume, instable angulation of the gallbladder body and neck, the walls of up to 2 mm in thickness, laminated, hyperechogenic, hyperechoic contents in the lumen (ointment-like bile), which allowed to draw a conclusion about the presence of bile thickening syndrome. Ursodeoxycholic acid at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was prescribed immediately after ultrasonic imaging. 10 days later the dose of the drug was increased to 30 mg/kg/day. Two weeks later, the child was discharged home in satisfactory condition without signs of bile thickening syndrome. Knowledge of the risk factors for biliary sludge makes it possible to assign timely instrumental examination, establish early diagnosis and prescribe conservative therapy, and exclude surgical methods of treatment.

Abstract 14688: Relative Blood Volume Change After Single Doses of a Loop Diuretic to Assess Volume Status: A Patient Level Meta-analysis

Background: In patients with congestive heart failure administration of an intravenous diuretic results in increased urine production and, depending on the volume status, an immediate change in relative blood volume (RBV). Changes in RBV are already applied clinically to monitor fluid removal and better guide diuresis in patients who undergo peripheral ultrafiltration. Using individual level patient data, we explored whether it is possible to measure changes in RBV after a single intravenous dose of loop diuretic through the measurement of serial hematocrit values. Based on normally occurring variation in volume-stable patients, the smallest change in RBV that would be detectable by routine serial hematocrits ranges from 6.4% to 8.6%. Methods and Results: Electronic databases were queried for articles that contained predefined MeSH terms in order to identify all studies in which patients received intravenous diuretics. The 764 studies that met our entry criteria were systematically reviewed and manually screened. We then conducted a meta-analysis from 14 studies that provided individual, patient-level data from at least 2 time points: just before and within 3 hours of administration of an intravenous loop diuretic. We found that among a total of 240 patients, RBV decreased by 11% (95% CI 10 to 12%) at 2 hours after an intravenous loop diuretic was given (Figure); there was no significant difference in this finding based on whether or not patients had heart failure. Conclusion: We found that anticipated RBV change with single doses of intravenous loop diuretics exceeds the smallest detectable change in RBV that can be obtained by serial hematocrits. This implies that routine hematocrits can be used to track RBV change across serial doses of intravenous loop diuretics, potentially providing a target for a dry interstitium in acute heart failure.

Abstract 16766: Intraprocedural Ablation and Fluid Status Management in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Background: Recent randomized clinical trial data has supported catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF). Ablation and fluid management strategies could impact periprocedural outcomes especially in HF patients. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of 200 consecutive patients with and without HF undergoing CA at a tertiary care academic center from July 2017 through June 2018. HF was defined as any EF &lt; 40%, prior inpatient admission for HF exacerbation, or ambulatory management of HF confirmed by independent chart review. Diuretic regimens were reported as furosemide equivalent. Results: Among 200 patients, 65 (32.5%) had HF and 135 (67.5%) did not. HF patients had longer mean procedure times (299.8 ± 96 min vs 268.4 ± 96 min, p = 0.03) and were more likely to require mitral isthmus (p &lt; 0.001), posterior wall isolation (p = 0.002), and cavotriscupid isthmus (p = 0.004) ablations. There were no differences between the HF vs. non-HF groups’ intraprocedural volume intake, intraprocedural volume output, net fluid status, or intraprocedural diuretic dose (Table 1). HF patients received higher doses of IV (41.5 ± 43.0 mg vs 23.6 ± 11.8 mg, p = 0.007) and PO (43.2 ± 16.7 mg vs 26.7 ± 10.0 mg, p &lt; 0.001) postprocedural diuretic. There were no differences in the rates of major in-hospital complications (Table 1). In a multivariable regression analysis adjusted for procedural covariates, there were higher proportions of posterior wall isolation (p = 0.01) as well as postprocedural PO (p = 0.01) and IV diuretic (p = 0.002) administration in the HF cohort. Conclusion: Intraprocedural volume and diuretic management was similar between HF and non-HF patients undergoing CA of AF, though HF patients tended to receive more aggressive diuresis post procedurally with no difference in complications. Table 1. Intra- and post-procedural management and outcomes in HF vs non-HF patients undergoing CA for AF

Abstract 15829: Temporal Characteristics of Intra-thoracic Impedance Before and After Heart Failure Hospitalizations in a Large Real-world Population of Patients With Cardiovascular Implanted Electronic Devices

Introduction: Intrathoracic impedance (IMP), measured in ICD/CRTD implantable devices, is a measure of intravascular blood volume and have been shown to correlate with intracardiac pressures. We investigated the temporal characteristics of IMP before and after HF events (HFE) in a large real-world cohort of patients (pts) with ICD/CRTD devices. Methods: We linked Optum© deidentified EHR dataset during the period from 2007-2017 to the Medtronic CareLink data warehouse. Pts with ICD/CRTD implants with IMP measurements were included. HFE was defined as an inpatient, ED, or observation unit stay with primary diagnosis of HF and IV diuretics administration. Temporal average of IMP measurement across all pts in the 60 days pre and post HFE were compared for HFE with and without readmission for HF within 60 days and in pts with no HFE. Results: A total of 17,886 pts with 1.8±1.2 years of follow-up met inclusion criteria. The average age was 66.6 ±12.3 years, with 72% being males, and 51% with ICD devices. A total of 1174 pts had 1425 HFE with no readmission and 282 pts had 295 HFE which were followed by readmission. A total of 17,839 pts had no HFE over 86,858 follow-up months. The average IMP during HFE, with and without readmission, and in pts with no HFE are shown in Fig. IMP decreases over a period of time prior to HFE and recovers due to treatment during HFE. The average IMP across all patients was lower on all 60 days pre and post HFE with readmission compared to HFE with no readmission (p&lt;0.001) and both were lower compared to follow-up period with no HFE (p&lt;0.001). The IMP recovers less often after HF events which are followed by readmission within 60 days compared to HF events with no readmission. Conclusions: In a large real-world population of pts with ICD/CRTD devices, on an average IMP reduces prior to and recovers during HFE. IMP was lower before and after HFE with readmission compared to HFE with no readmission. Readmission is more likely in pts with smaller impedance recovery after HF events.

Ideal Diuretic Renography Technique For Diagnosis Of Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction Focusing on T1/2 and Tmax Physical Parameters

Background: Diuresis renography was first used by O’Reilly in 1978 and then by other urologists and radiologists as the method of choice for evaluation the upper urinary tract. He studied the equivocal urinary tract obstruction patient’s; he found that using diuretic renogram was preferred to evaluate the equivocal urinary tract obstruction of the patient. Several diuretic renography protocols were classified based on variation in the timing of diuretic administration relative to the radiopharmaceutical which called (T1/2). There are three items which Diuresis renography based on: the hydration state of patient, The optimal time to inject the furosemide, The role of the bladder. Objective: This study aims to assess the optimal timing of furosemide injection in diuretic renography in order to obtain the most accurate diagnosis.Materials and methods: This study included 120 renal units (RU) were examined at Urology and Nephrology Center- Mansoura University from 2017 to 2020 by F+10 min diuretic renography protocol. Results: forty two (RU) of 120 (RU) haven’t a response for diuresis and were diagnosed as obstructive kidneys. Fifty three (RU) revealed the excretion of kidneys were delayed but improved diuresis response and were diagnosed as non-obstructive kidneys, The remaining twenty five (RU) revealed as equivocal response after diuretic were done and underwent F-15 min protocol of diuretic renography

Fluid administration and monitoring in ARDS: which management?

Modalities of fluid management in patients sustaining the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are challenging and controversial. Optimal fluid management should provide adequate oxygen delivery to the body, while avoiding inadvertent increase in lung edema which further impairs gas exchange. In ARDS patients, positive fluid balance has been associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, longer ICU and hospital stay, and higher mortality. Accordingly, a restrictive strategy has been compared to a more liberal approach in randomized controlled trials conducted in various clinical settings. Restrictive strategies included fluid restriction guided by the monitoring of extravascular lung water, pulmonary capillary wedge or central venous pressure, and furosemide targeted to diuresis and/or albumin replacement in hypoproteinemic patients. Overall, restrictive strategies improved oxygenation significantly and reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, but had no significant effect on mortality. Fluid management may require different approaches depending on the time course of ARDS (i.e., early vs. late period). The effects of fluid strategy management according to ARDS phenotypes remain to be evaluated. Since ARDS is frequently associated with sepsis-induced acute circulatory failure, the prediction of fluid responsiveness is crucial in these patients to avoid hemodynamically inefficient—hence respiratory detrimental—fluid administration. Specific hemodynamic indices of fluid responsiveness or mini-fluid challenges should be preferably used. Since the positive airway pressure contributes to positive fluid balance in ventilated ARDS patients, it should be kept as low as possible. As soon as the hemodynamic status is stabilized, correction of cumulated fluid retention may rely on diuretics administration or renal replacement therapy.