Additional Administration Research Articles

THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION AT THE STAGE OF BODY WEIGHT CORRECTION IN SPORTS

Correction of body weight is one of the significant factors on the way for athletes to achieve the much-desired success and victories. An individual approach to nutrition, correct water balance, additional administration of vitamins and microelements can make the process of body weight correction safer and more harmonious.

Application of MicroRNA-124-Loaded Liposome Nanoparticles for Suppressing Pancreatic Cancer Cell Progression and Restraining Autophagy Through Targeting BECN1

This study determines the efficacy of microRNA (miR)-124-loaded liposome nanoparticles on pancreatic cancer (PC). Herein, pancreatic cells were co-cultured with miR-124-loaded nanoparticles, pure liposome nanoparticles (empty vector group) or cultured alone (control group). The cells were administered with BECN1 inhibitor, and negative controls. The expression of autophagy-related factors (BECN1, P62, LC3) was determined by Western blot and cancer cell migration capacity was assessed by Transwell assay. The relation of miR-124 with BECN1 was assessed by bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Compared with control group and the empty vector group, treatment with miR-124-loaded nanoparticles resulted in reduced number of migrated cells, scratch rate, and decreased expression of BECN1, P62, and LC3 (P < 0.05) without difference between control group and empty vector group (P > 0.05). Additional administration of BECN1 inhibitor further decreased migration and invasion of PC cells and obtained lower level of BECN1, P62, and LC3 protein, which was significantly lower than control group and miR-124+BECN1 NC group (P < 0.05). miR-124+BECN1 NC group exhibited lower expressions of BECN1, P62, and LC3 than control group (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, miR-124 targeted BECN1 to influence biological behaviors of PC cells. There is a target relationship between miR-124 and BECN1 in PC. miR-124-loaded nanoparticles incorporated with BECN1 inhibitor restrained autophagy through down-regulation of BECN1, P62, and LC3 and suppressed PC cell invasion and migration. These findings provide a novel insight into targeted therapy for PC.

Effectiveness and safety of tripterygium wilfordii poly-glycosides on glomerulonephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Treatment of glomerulonephritis presents several challenges, including limited therapeutic options, high costs, and potential adverse reactions. As a recognized Chinese patent medicine, Tripterygium wilfordii poly-glycosides (TWP) have shown promising benefits in managing autoimmune diseases. To evaluate clinical effectiveness and safety of TWP in treating glomerulonephritis, we systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases for controlled studies published up to 12 July 2023. We employed weighted mean difference and relative risk to analyze continuous and dichotomous outcomes. This meta-analysis included 16 studies that included primary membranous nephropathy (PMN), type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Analysis revealed that additional TWP administration improved patients' outcomes and total remission rates, reduced 24-h urine protein (24hUP) and decreased relapse events. The pooled results demonstrated the non-inferiority of TWP to glucocorticoids in achieving total remission, reducing 24hUP, and converting the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) status to negative. For DKD patients, TWP effectively reduced 24hUP levels, although it did not significantly improve the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Compared to valsartan, TWP showed comparable improvements in 24hUP and eGFR levels. In severe cases of HSPN in children, significant clinical remission and a reduction in 24hUP levels were observed with the addition of TWP treatment. TWP did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore, TWP could offer therapeutic benefits to patients with PMN, DKD, and severe HSPN, with a minimal increase in the risk of side effects.

Cardiomyocyte-specific RXFP1 overexpression protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction independently of relaxin

Heart failure (HF) prevalence is rising due to reduced early mortality and demographic change. Relaxin (RLN) mediates protective effects in the cardiovascular system through Relaxin-receptor 1 (RXFP1). Cardiac overexpression of RXFP1 with additional RLN supplementation attenuated HF in the pressure-overload transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model. Here, we hypothesized that robust transgenic RXFP1 overexpression in cardiomyocytes (CM) protects from TAC-induced HF even in the absence of RLN.Hence, transgenic mice with a CM-specific overexpression of human RXFP1 (hRXFP1tg) were generated. Receptor functionality was demonstrated by in vivo hemodynamics, where the administration of RLN induced positive inotropy strictly in hRXFP1tg. An increase in phospholamban-phosphorylation at serine 16 was identified as a molecular correlate. hRXFP1tg were protected from TAC without additional RLN administration, presenting not only less decline in systolic left ventricular (LV) function but also abrogated LV dilation and pulmonary congestion compared to WT mice. Molecularly, transgenic hearts exhibited not only a significantly attenuated fetal and fibrotic gene activation but also demonstrated less fibrotic tissue and CM hypertrophy in histological sections. These protective effects were evident in both sexes. Similar cardioprotective effects of hRXFP1tg were detectable in a RLN-knockout model, suggesting an alternative mechanism of receptor activation through intrinsic activity, alternative endogenous ligands or crosstalk with other receptors.In summary, CM-specific RXFP1 overexpression provides protection against TAC even in the absence of endogenous RLN. This suggests RXFP1 overexpression as a potential therapeutic approach for HF, offering baseline protection with optional RLN supplementation for specific activation.

COVID-19 vaccinations and infections among individuals with systemic sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Cohort study

Background/PurposeWe previously surveyed adults with systemic sclerosis (SSc) regarding COVID-19 vaccination in April-May 2021. The objective of the present study was to update through June-July 2022 and assess self-reported (1) COVID-19 vaccination rates, including boosters; (2) vaccine-related adverse events; (3) peri‑vaccination immunosuppressive medication management; (4) vaccine hesitancy; and (5) prevalence and severity of COVID-19 infections. MethodsIn April-May 2021 and June-July 2022, SPIN Cohort participants completed surveys on COVID-19 vaccination and infection. Primary vaccine series was defined according to the standard for each COVID-19 vaccine; additional vaccine administrations were considered booster doses. Fully vaccinated was defined as having completed a primary vaccine series and at least one booster dose. Results544 participants completed the 2021 survey only, 101 the 2022 survey only, and 388 both surveys. Among 489 participants with 2022 data, 437 (89 %) had received both primary and booster vaccines. Among all 1,033 participants, 960 (93 %) received at least one dose. At least one adverse reaction was reported by 34 % (330 of 960 participants) following first, 48 % (314 of 657 participants) following second, and 34 % (147 of 437 participants) following booster vaccine doses (primarily sore arm and fatigue); no severe adverse reactions were reported. SSc symptom worsening was reported in 6 % (53 of 960) after the first, 6 % after the second (39 of 657), and 4 % (17 of 437) after the booster dose. Of participants taking methotrexate or mycophenolate (including Cellcept or Myfortic), 34 of 266 (13 %) reported that they temporarily stopped or decreased their medication at the first dose, 32 of 215 (15 %) at the second dose, and 28 of 148 (19 %) for booster vaccination. Of 52 individuals not fully vaccinated with primary and booster doses in 2022, 29 (56 %) reported worry about vaccine related SSc flares. 172 of 489 (35 %) 2022 participants reported a history of at least one COVID-19 infection; 114 (66 %) occurred after receiving at least a primary vaccine series. Among initial COVID-19 infections, 9 (5 %) were asymptomatic, 66 (38 %) involved mild symptoms, 82 (48 %) moderate symptoms, and 15 (9 %) required hospitalization. ConclusionMost people with SSc in the study were fully vaccinated, and most continued their methotrexate or mycophenolate post-primary and booster vaccinations. Over half of vaccine-hesitant participants were concerned regarding risk of SSc flare; however, few vaccinated participants reported this. These data may be useful for counselling people with SSc regarding COVID-19 vaccine safety and outcomes.

DYNAMICS OF LEUKOCYTIC INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND COLCHICINE ROLE AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

The aim of the study – to assess the dynamics of leukocytic inflammation markers inpatients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when prescribedcolchicine as a part of optimal medical therapy (OMT).Materials and methods. To achieve the stated goal, 24 patients with STEMI undergoinginpatient treatment were examined. Group 1 (n = 12) consisted of patients with STEMIreceiving traditional OMT, while Group 2 comprised STEMI patients who were prescribedcolchicine (0.5 mg once a day) in combination with OMT. General clinical blood analysiswas used to evaluate inflammatory markers upon admission to the hospital and on the30th day of treatment. Hematological markers included: 1) neutrophil-to-lymphocyteratio (NLR); 2) platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR); 3) systemic immune inflammationindex (SII).Results. Assessing the parameters of the general blood analysis during the treatmentdynamics in Group 2 patients revealed a significant decrease in the peripheral blood leukocytelevel 38.29 % (p<0.01), neutrophils 57.91 % (p<0.01), monocytes 28.16 % (p<0.01),while patients in Group 1 did not show significant differences in treatment dynamics. Group 2 patients demonstrated a probable increase in lymphocyte count 35.26 % (p<0.01),with no significant dynamics observed in Group 1 patients. No probable dynamics wereobserved regarding changes in platelet levels in either of the STEMI patient groups.Evaluation of leukocytic inflammatory markers during the prescribed treatment in Group2 patients showed a reduction in NLR 68.36 % and SII 67.69 % (p<0.01). There wasno probable difference in PLR index after treatment in Group 2 patients. In Group 1patients, there was a tendency towards an increase in NLR 21.90 % (p>0.05), SII 23.51 %(p>0.05), and PLR 35.12 % (p>0.05) compared to baseline data.Conclusions. Additional administration of colchicine at a dose of 0.5 mg once daily for 30days to patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, in addition to optimalmedical therapy, likely contributes to a reduction in leukocytic inflammatory markers,specifically neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.01) and systemic immune inflammationindex (p<0.01), reflecting the inflammatory response after STEMI.

The translational content and expression of intracellular sensors under endoplasmic re-ticulum stress in diabetic rats

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a defense mechanism for maintaining cellular vital activity. Data on interaction between pathways of UPR-sensors, their role and participation in the recovery of regulatory proteins at constant level are currently being accumulated. An experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was reproduced in male rats fed on 3-month high-fat diet with additional streptozotocin administration. Rats in different groups were treated with metformin, propionate, and their combination for 2 weeks. We analyzed the expression of the GRP78, PERK, IRE-1, and ATF6 genes in gastric glandulocytes using PCR primers. The quantitation of protein content of the GRP78, PERK, IRE-1, and ATF6 genes was performed using western blotting. Statistical intergroup differences were calculated using a one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s post-hoc. Comparison of mRNA and protein contents at rest state, in condition of ER stress and drug treatment, as well as the study of correlations between UPR-sensors, provides a basis for the development of the concept of defense mechanism activation in gastric glandulocytes under T2DM conditions. Under stress, chaperone GRP78 plays a crucial role to prevent protein misfolding: it dissociates from ER, enters cisternae and inactivates misfolded proteins. The ATF6 pathway is activated in all conditions. It probably activates transcription of the corresponding content turnover sites in both GRP78 and ATF6. The IRE-1 and PERK pathways are activated in glandulocytes under different circumstances, and they probably target to different regulatory actions. Combination drug treatment in T2DM conditions induces activation of all signaling sensors in the UPR system with simultaneous maximal downregulation of GRP78, causing a balance in the intracellular homeostasis system.

Between Medicines and Nutraceuticals in the Control of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is a type of metabolic disease such as insufficient insulin secretion or poor functioning. It is characterized by high blood sugar, which increases blood glucose concentration, causes various symptoms and signs due to high blood sugar, and excrete glucose from urine.Diabetes mellitus is divided into types 1 and 2, and type 1 diabetes was previously called 'juvenile diabetes', and it is a disease caused by the inability to produce any insulin. Type 2 diabetes, which is relatively deficient in insulin, is characterized by insulin resistance.Insulin treatment is required for type 1 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes is based on lifestyle correction and may require additional drug administration. In addition, many patients or people concerned about diabetes use dietary supplements to control their blood sugar, but because of the side effects of prescription drugs and the lack of definitive clinical trials of dietary supplements, it is important to choose wisely between prescription drugs and dietary supplements with the advice of a physician or expert to treat or prevent diabetes.

Successful resection of bilateral parafalcine meningioma with unilateral interhemispheric and contralateral transfalcine approach under nonintubated spontaneous breathing conditions: illustrative case.

The best surgical approach for resecting bilateral parafalcine meningioma, as well as the optimal anesthesia and airway management for craniotomy in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP) for preventing postsurgical exacerbation, remains unclear. A 66-year-old female with a history of multiple relapses of IP underwent craniotomy for resection of a 4.5-cm bilateral parafalcine meningioma located just beneath the inferior sagittal sinus. To avoid mechanical ventilation or high-concentration oxygenation, the entire procedure was performed under nonintubated spontaneous breathing conditions with a supraglottic airway/laryngeal mask airway (SGA/LMA) device. Half of the tumor was resected using the ipsilateral interhemispheric approach, while the remaining half was resected using the contralateral transfalcine approach (CTA). No brain retractors were required. Preoperative embolization contributed toward reducing blood loss and surgery duration. During most of the operation, additional oxygen administration was not required. The postoperative course was uneventful, without exacerbation of the IP. This case demonstrated the utility and feasibility of a unilateral interhemispheric approach combined with CTA for resection of a bilateral parafalcine meningioma. Additionally, this case provides an alternative method of airway and anesthesia management with an SGA/LMA device and nonintubated spontaneous breathing for the prevention of postoperative acute exacerbation of IP.

Effect of subchronic exposure to manganese on mineral metabolism in Wistar rats

Background. The presence of increased manganese concentrations in soils and water intakes areas for drinking and household purposes in a number of the Russian Federation subjects indicates the chronic influence of this metal on all segments of the population. This situation is aggravated by violation of the optimal nutrition principles, which leads to changes in the organism absorption of micronutrients. In this regard, the study of the elemental status of an organism against the background of manganese exposure is of particular importance.The aim. To study the effects of subchronic exposure to manganese on the mineral status of Wistar rats.Materials and methods. To conduct the study, 20 mature rats were selected, from which two groups were formed – control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 10). Animals in the control group received a general diet, animals in the experimental group received a diet with additional administration of manganese sulfate at a dose of 1433 mg/kg for 28 days. At the end of the preparatory period, blood and brain samples were taken to determine the content of chemical elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and of metal-ligand manganese forms using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results. It has been established that subchronic oral exposure to manganese leads to an increase in the content of this microelement in the blood serum and to a decrease in the levels of calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and copper. In the cerebral cortex, the level of manganese, lead, mercury and strontium increases against the background of a decrease in iron and iodine levels. An increase in the gross content of manganese in blood serum leads to an overload of the main high-molecular carriers and initiates the formation of low-molecular forms of manganese.Conclusion. Subchronic oral exposure to manganese leads to the accumulation of this microelement in the body of animals and to the development of an imbalance of a number of macro- and microelements.

Aspirin Caused Intestinal Damage through FXR and ET-1 Signaling Pathways.

Aspirin is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug often used long term. However, long-term or large doses will cause gastrointestinal adverse reactions. To explore the mechanism of intestinal damage, we used non-targeted metabolomics; farnesoid X receptor (FXR) knockout mice, which were compared with wild-type mice; FXR agonists obeticholic acid (OCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA); and endothelin-producing inhibitor estradiol to explore the mechanisms of acute and chronic intestinal injuries induced by aspirin from the perspective of molecular biology. Changes were found in the bile acids taurocholate acid (TCA) and tauro-β-muricholic acid (T-β-MCA) in the duodenum, and we detected a significant inhibition of FXR target genes. After additional administration of the FXR agonists OCA and CDCA, duodenal villus damage and inflammation were effectively improved. The results in the FXR knockout mice and wild-type mice showed that the overexpression of endothelin 1 (ET-1) was independent of FXR regulation after aspirin exposure, whereas CDCA was able to restore the activation of ET-1, which was induced by aspirin in wild-type mice in an FXR-dependent manner. The inhibition of ET-1 production could also effectively protect against small bowel damage. Therefore, the study revealed the key roles of the FXR and ET-1 pathways in acute and chronic aspirin-induced intestinal injuries, as well as strategies on alleviating aspirin-induced gastrointestinal injury by activating FXR and inhibiting ET-1 overexpression.

Effect of quercetin administration on electron microscopic changes in testicular interstitial endocrinocytes during long-term central blockade of luteinising hormone in rats

Quercetin is a flavonoid with potential health benefits and it may help prevent cardiovascular diseases, reduce the risk of degenerative brain processes and cancer, and has antioxidant properties that neutralise free radicals. Substances in this group also have antioxidant properties, which help the body protect itself from the harmful effects of free radicals by neutralising these unstable molecules. Research indicates that the impact of free radicals on cell structure is associated with the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular pathologies. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of quercetin administration on electron microscopic changes in the interstitial endocrinocytes of the testes under long-term central blockade of the synthesis of luteinising hormone by tryptorelin. The experiment involved 35 sexually mature male white rats. They were divided into two groups: the control group (I) received saline, while group II received subcutaneous injections of tryptorelin at a dose of 0.3 mg of active ingredient per kg of rat body weight to induce experimental central deprivation of luteinising hormone synthesis and additionally, quercetin was administered three times a day by gastric tube in terms of body weight. The study has demonstrated that the administration of tryptorelin results in structural and functional changes in the connective tissue components of rat testes. Specifically, there are quantitative and qualitative disorders in the population of interstitial endocrine cells, as well as electron microscopic changes at the subcellular level. Various pathological changes and abnormalities in the functional activity of the internal components of the cell were detected on days 270 and 365 of the experiment. The frequency, number, and size of Reinke crystals in relation to the cell volume correlated with changes in cells and increased at later stages of the study. A similar correlation with testosterone levels has not been found in the literature, which leads us to classify Reinke crystals as the result of degenerative processes in the cell. Thus, additional administration of quercetin reduces the adverse effect of tryptorelin and delays the onset of changes in the structure of interstitial endocrinocytes from day 180 to later observation periods.

Isoflurane treatment for refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in dogs.

Resistant epileptic episodes, such as refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE), are neurological emergencies that require immediate medical treatment. Although inhalational anesthetics, such as isoflurane (ISO), have been proposed as a means of seizure control in dogs, there is currently a lack of both experimental and clinical studies on this subject. This is a retrospective clinical study. Records of dogs that received ISO for the management of RSE and SRSE during their intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization at the Companion Animal Clinic of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki were included in the present study. The study period spanned from February 2013 to March 2023. Dogs were identified as responders (R) when RSE/SRSE ceased after ISO administration, and the dogs were successfully discharged from the ICU after ISO discontinuation. Dogs were identified as non-responders (NR) when RSE/SRSE ceased after ISO administration, but RSE/SRSE reoccurred after ISO discontinuation. Additional data about the number and time of ISO cycles, the time of ICU hospitalization, the side effects of ISO administration, and an additional administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and anesthetic drugs were also recorded. A total of 20 dogs with 26 recorded RSE/SRSE episodes and 26 anesthetic cycles with ISO were included in the present study. The clinical termination of seizure activity was achieved 100% (26/26) in all episodes. In 73.1% (19/26) of the episodes, ISO administration resulted in successful RSE/SRSE treatment. Poor outcome was recorded in 26.9% (7/26) of the episodes because RSE/SRSE reoccurred after ISO discontinuation, and the dogs were euthanatized or died due to cardiac arrest. Inspiratory ISO ranged between 0.5 and 4.0%. The median time of the anesthetic cycles with ISO was 12.67 h (4.00-62.00). The median duration of the ICU hospitalization was 48.00 h (24.00-120.00). At least one ISO-related side effect was recorded in 23 out of 26 (88.5%) episodes. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first clinical study that addresses the administration of ISO for RSE/SRSE treatment in dogs. The use of ISO may be beneficial in terminating RSE/SRSE; however, further prospective studies are necessary to confirm this observation.

Propofol effects over intracranial pressure waveform and cerebral hemodynamics: A case report

Introduction: Few reports have been dedicated on assessing cerebral hemodynamics (CH) and intracranial compliance (ICC) in non-primary neurological patients. Objective: The present study aims to observe the anesthetic influence of propofol on CH and ICC using noninvasive monitoring techniques in the immediate postoperative period. Methodology: This is a case report in which CH and ICC were assessed noninvasively using transcranial Doppler (TCD) and a skull deformation sensor (B4C) respectively, in the immediate postoperative period of a patient just after cardiac revascularization. After exclusion of volemic depletion, TCD and B4C parameters indicated reduction in cerebral blood flow what would be attributed to propofol infusion during surgery. After endovenous additional volume administration and arterial pressure elevation, TCD and B4C parameters improved. Final Considerations: It was possible observing cerebrovascular influences of propofol in the immediate postoperative period, by means of neurological ancillary techniques. Noninvasive neuromonitoring is a way to assess changes in brain physiology that may occur subtly and influence in non-primary neurological patients outcomes.

DERAJAT APOPTOSIS SEL GANGLION RETINA PASCA PEMBERIAN TAMBAHAN EKSTRAK MORINGA OLEIFERA ORAL DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN TERAPI STANDAR Studi Eksperimental pada Tikus Wistar Model Methanol Toxic Optic Neuropathy

Abstract
 Introduction & Objectives : Methanol toxic optic neuropathy can lead to retinal ganglion cell apoptosis which causes visual disturbance. Moringa oleifera has been reported to have an anti-inflamatorry effect that can prevent inflammatory mediators from being relased in methanol toxic optic neuropathy
 Methods : Twenty-one Wistar methanol toxic optic neuropathy were divided into 3 groups, namely base line group, control group that given intravenous methylprednisolone 4.5mg/6 hours for 3 days, and given standard theraphy and additional administration of oral Moringa oleifera 300mg/kgbodyweight/day for 4 weeks. Assessment of the degree of apoptosis by Anatomical Pathology with histopatolocigal scaoring. The study used Mann Whitney comparative hypothesis test (Significant p<0.05)
 Results : The degree of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis was significantly lower in the treatment and standard therapy groups compared to the base line group. The treatment group compared to the standard therapy group was not significantly different (p = 1,000)
 Conclusion : The degree of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in rat model methanol toxic optic neuropathy was not significantly different between the group that was given additional oral Moringa oleifera extract compared to the standard theraphy group

Secoemestrin C Ameliorates Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice by Suppressing the TNF-α/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Secoemestrin C (SC), an epitetrathiodioxopiperazine isolated from Aspergillus nidulans, has been previously reported to have immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects against acute autoimmune hepatitis. However, the effect of SC on regulating the inflammation and its underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC on inflammatory dermatosis both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, HaCaT cells were induced with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, 10 ng/mL) to establish an inflammatory injury model, and the expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway components was measured using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. An in vivo mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was used to evaluate the effectiveness of SC in alleviating psoriasis. SC significantly blocked the activation of NF-κB signaling in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells. In addition, systemic and local administration of SC improved psoriatic dermatitis in the IMQ-induced mouse model. SC reduced skin scale and significantly inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors in skin lesions. The protective effect of SC against psoriatic-associated inflammation reveals its potential therapeutic value for treating psoriasis.

The Effect of Immunoglobulin G on the Humoral Immunity in Patients with Tuberculosis/HIV Coinfection.

Previously, an increase in clinical effectiveness of the antituberculosis treatment (ATT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in case of additional immunoglobulin G (IgG) administration in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/HIV coinfection was reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of IgG administration in addition to the standard second-line ATT and ART on the humoral immunity status in patients with MDR-TB/HIV coinfection immune deficiency. The study involved 52 patients living with HIV with MDR-TB coinfection and CD4+ lymphocyte cell count below 50 cells/μCL. Patients in the control group and intervention group received the second-line ATT and ART; in addition, patients in the intervention group received IgG intravenously. The humoral immunity status was evaluated by measurement of IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM in plasma. The standard ATT and ART resulted in a two-step change in humoral immunity: IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE levels gradually increased to a maximal level at the 5-month mark and started to gradually decrease after the 8-month mark. Addition of IgG to the standard therapy resulted in a steeper decrease in the immunoglobulin level in serum, especially IgG, compared with standard therapy alone, allowing for an earlier initiation of ART in patients in the intervention group.

DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF THE BLOOD ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE ACTION OF THE LIPOSOMAL PREPARATION

The aim of the study – to study the effect of the liposomal drug «Butaintersil» on theantioxidant status of rats under conditions of oxidative stressMaterials and methods. Modeling of oxidative stress was performed on sexually maturemale Wistar rats with a body weight of 180-200 g. In the blood of rats, changes inglutathione peroxidase activity and the level of reduced glutathione, as well as the levels oflipid peroxidation products, lipid hydroperoxide, and TBC-active products, were studied.Results. Intramuscular injection of a 50 % oily solution of tetrachloromethane at a doseof 0.25 ml/100 g of the animal’s body weight led to a change in the activity of the glutathionesystem of antioxidant protection: a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidaseand the level of reduced glutathione. At the same time, an increase in lipid peroxidationprocesses, namely an increase in the level of lipid hydroperoxides and TBC-activeproducts during the entire research period was observed in the intoxicated animals. In itsturn, with the additional administration of the liposomal drug «Butaintersil» to animalsunder conditions of tetrachloromethane intoxication, strengthening of the antioxidantstatus of the body of experimental animals was established. Thus, on the 14th day of the experiment, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathionewere the highest in the blood of rats of the second experimental group, where comparedto intoxicated animals, they were 2.1 and 2.37 times higher, respectively. Also, underthe influence of the studied liposomal drug, changes in the levels of lipid peroxidationproducts in the blood of rats of the second experimental group were detected, namely,a decrease in the level of lipid hydroperoxides and TBC-active products in their blood.Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the corrective effect of Butaintersil on theparameters of the antioxidant protection of the body of rats after their intoxication withtetrachloromethane.

Polymyalgia rheumatica-Achallenge in geriatrics : Interdisciplinary presentation of diagnostics and treatment

Polymyalgia rheumatica is the second most frequent inflammatory rheumatic disease in people aged over 50years, after rheumatoid arthritis. It is characterized by pain and morning stiffness in the region of the shoulders, hip girdle and neck. It can be associated with giant cell arteritis (CGA). Treatment with glucocorticoids is indispensable. The duration of treatment varies and often exceeds 1year. The additive administration of methotrexate is an option for saving glucocorticoids. The biologicals tocilizumab or secukinumab are very promising alternatives. The course of treatment should be closely monitored for inflammation parameters, glucocorticoid side effects, pain, visual acuity, depression, activities of daily living and especially related to functions of the upper extremities. The geriatric assessment plays an important role in the management of this condition.

Effectiveness of Shugan Jieyu capsules for psychiatric symptoms of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe relationship between epilepsy and depression is bidirectional. One condition exacerbates the other. However, there are no current guidelines for treating depression in epilepsy patients. In some cases, seizures worsen when antidepressants (AD) are prescribed or when they are discontinued due to adverse events. The Shugan Jieyu capsule, composed of Acanthopanax senticosus and Hypericum perforatum, is a widely used herbal medicine for treating depression. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of Shugan Jieyu capsules (SJC) in relieving depression in patients with epilepsy.MethodsWe searched English, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese databases in October 2023 to collect all relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The primary outcomes were the depression scale scores and seizure frequency. The secondary outcomes were quality of life (QoL) and adverse events.ResultsNine RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with AD, SJC showed significant differences in the improvement of depression (SMD: 3.82, 95% CI: 3.25, 4.39) and reduction in seizure frequency (MD: 0.39 times/month, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.50). SJC showed more beneficial results than antiepileptic drugs (AED) in terms of antidepressant effects (SMD: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.51) and QoL (MD: 11.75, 95% CI: 10.55, 12.95). When patients were prescribed AED, the additional administration of SJC improved depression symptoms (SMD: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.28, 1.63). The SJC treatment group had a lower incidence of side effects than the control group. However, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsOur results suggest that SJC may be effective in treating depression in patients with epilepsy. Additionally, SJC has the potential to help reduce seizure frequency in epilepsy patients with depression.