Goldstone Bosons Research Articles

Multi-Higgs boson signals of a modified muon Yukawa coupling at a muon collider

We study di-Higgs and tri-Higgs boson productions at a muon collider as functions of the modification of the muon Yukawa coupling resulting from new physics parametrized by the dimension-six mass operator. We show that the di-Higgs signal can be used to observe a deviation in the muon Yukawa coupling at the 10% level for s=10 TeV and at the 3.5% level for s=30 TeV. The tri-Higgs signal improves the sensitivity dramatically with increasing s, reaching 0.8% at s=30 TeV. We also study all processes involving Goldstone bosons originating from the same operator, discuss possible model dependence resulting from other operators of dimension-six and higher, and identify μ+μ−→hh, μ+μ−→hhh, and μ+μ−→hZLZL as golden channels. We further extend the study to an effective field theory including two Higgs doublets with type-II couplings and show that di-Higgs and tri-Higgs signals involving heavy Higgs bosons can be enhanced in the alignment limit by a factor of (tanβ)4 and (tanβ)6, respectively, which results in the potential sensitivity to a modified muon Yukawa coupling at the 10−6 level already at a s=10 TeV muon collider. The results can easily be customized for other extensions of the Higgs sector. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Scale invariant extension of the Standard Model: a nightmare scenario in cosmology

Inflationary observables of a classically scale invariant model, in which the origin of the Planck mass and the electroweak scale including the right-handed neutrino mass is chiral symmetry breaking in a QCD-like hidden sector, are studied. Despite a three-field inflation the initial-value-dependence is strongly suppressed thanks to a river-valley like potential. The model predicts the tensor-to-scalar ratio r of cosmological perturbations smaller than that of the R 2 inflation, i.e., 0.0044 ≳ r ≳ 0.0017 for e-foldings between 50 and 60: the model will be consistent even with a null detection at LiteBird/CMB-S4. We find that the non-Gaussianity parameter f NL is O(10-2), the same size as that of single-field inflation. The dark matter particles are the lightest Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with chiral symmetry breaking, which are decay products of one of the inflatons and are heavier than 109 GeV with a strongly suppressed coupling with the standard model, implying that the dark matter will be unobservable in direct as well as indirect measurements.

Axions and superfluidity in Weyl semimetals

An effective field theory (EFT) for dynamical axions in Weyl semimetals (WSMs) is presented. A pseudoscalar axion excitation is predicted in WSMs at sufficiently low temperatures, independently of the strength of the Weyl fermion self-coupling. For strong fermion self-coupling the axion is the gapless Goldstone boson of chiral U(1)ch spontaneous symmetry breaking. For weak fermion self-coupling an axion is also generated at nonzero chiral density for Weyl nodes displaced in energy, as a gapless collective mode of correlated fermion pair excitations of the Fermi surface. This is an explicit example of the extension of Goldstone's theorem to symmetry breaking by the axial anomaly itself. In both cases, the axion is a chiral density wave or phason mode of the superfluid state of the WSM, and the Weyl fermions form a chiral condensate 〈ψ¯ψ〉 at low temperatures. In the presence of an applied magnetic field, the axion mode becomes gapped, in analogy to the Anderson–Higgs mechanism in a superconductor. 't Hooft anomaly matching from ultraviolet to infrared scales is directly verified in the EFT approach. WSMs thus provide an interesting quantum system in which superfluid, non-Fermi liquid behavior, and a dynamical axion are predicted to follow directly from the axial anomaly in a consistent EFT that may be tested experimentally. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Testing χPT with the Masses of the Nambu–Goldstone Bosons

Testing _χPT with the Masses of the Nambu–Goldstone Bosons

The minimal massive Majoron Seesaw Model

A convincing explanation of the smallness of neutrino masses is represented by the Type-I Seesaw mechanism, where the two measured neutrino mass differences can be generated by introducing at least two right-handed neutrinos. In an ultraviolet complete model, it is possible to dynamically generate the heavy Majorana scale through the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a global Abelian symmetry and the most economical realisation consists in coupling the two exotic neutral leptons to a singlet complex scalar field. The associated Goldstone boson is often dubbed as Majoron, which may achieve a non-vanishing mass by means of a small term that explicitly breaks the Abelian symmetry. In a generic model, the neutrino and Majoron mass generation mechanisms are completely uncorrelated. In this paper, instead, we reduce the landscape of possible models proposing a unique, minimal and predictive framework in which these two types of masses are strictly tied and arise from the same source. Bounds from various terrestrial and astrophysical experiments are discussed.

When the moduli space is an orbifold: spontaneous breaking of continuous non-invertible symmetries

We investigate theories of Nambu-Goldstone bosons where the spontaneously broken continuous symmetry is non-invertible. In such theories, the vacua generically parameterize an orbifold. We study in detail the simplest example of a single free scalar with shift symmetry, modded by reflection symmetry. At singular points of the vacuum manifold, we show that the spectrum of NG excitations is reduced, in particular there are no single-particle states. At the smooth points, on the other hand, single NG modes are present. We show that this is a consequence of the fact that at those points one can construct invertible operators implementing the continuous symmetry on the Hilbert space.

Bounds on scattering of neutral Goldstones

We study the space of 2 → 2 scattering amplitudes of neutral Goldstone bosons in four space-time dimensions. We establish universal bounds on the first two non-universal Wilson coefficients of the low energy Effective Field Theory (EFT) for such particles. We reconstruct the analytic, crossing-symmetric, and unitary amplitudes saturating our bounds, and we study their physical content. We uncover non-perturbative Regge trajectories by continuing our numerical amplitudes to complex spins. We then explore the consequence of additional constraints arising when we impose the knowledge about the EFT up to the cut-off scale. In the process, we improve on some aspects of the numerical S-matrix bootstrap technology for massless particles.

The landscape of composite Higgs models

We classify all different composite Higgs models (CHMs) characterised by the coset space G\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{G} $$\\end{document}/H\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{H} $$\\end{document} of compact semi-simple Lie groups G\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{G} $$\\end{document} and H\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{H} $$\\end{document} involving up to 13 Nambu-Goldstone bosons (NGBs), together with mild phenomenological constraints. As a byproduct of this work, we prove several simple yet, to the best of our knowledge, mostly unknown results: (1) under certain conditions, a given set of massless scalars can be UV completed into a CHM in which they arise as NGBs; (2) the set of all CHMs with a fixed number of NGBs is finite, and in particular there are 642 of them with up to 13 massless scalars (factoring out models that differ by extra U(1)’s); (3) any scalar representation of the Standard Model group can be realised within a CHM; (4) Certain symmetries of the scalar sector allowed from the IR perspective are never realised within CHMs. On top of this, we make a simple statistical analysis of the landscape of CHMs, determining the frequency of models with scalar singlets, doublets, triplets and other multiplets of the custodial group as well as their multiplicity. We also count the number of models with a symmetric coset.

CP-violating top-Higgs coupling in SMEFT

The total cross section of the process μ−μ+→νμν¯μtt¯H has strong dependence on the CP phase ξ of the top Yukawa coupling, where the ratio of ξ=π and ξ=0 (SM) grows to 670 at s=30 TeV, 3400 at 100 TeV. We study the cause of the strong energy dependence and identify its origin as the (E/mW)2 growth of the weak boson fusion sub-amplitudes, WL−WL+→tt¯H, with the two W's are longitudinally polarized. We repeat the study in the SMEFT framework where EW gauge invariance is manifest and find that the highest energy cross section is reduced to a quarter of the complex top Yukawa model result, with the same energy power. By applying the Goldstone boson (GB) equivalence theorem, we identify the origin of this strong energy growth of the SMEFT amplitudes as associated with the dimension-6 π−π+ttH vertex, where π± denotes the GB of W±. We obtain the unitarity bound on the coefficient of the SMEFT operator by studying all 2→2 and 2→3 cross sections in the J=0 channel.

Triangle and box diagrams in coupled-channel systems from the chiral Lagrangian

We perform an analysis of triangle- and box-loop contributions to the generalized potential in the scattering of Goldstone bosons off the JP=0− and 1− charmed mesons. Particular emphasis is put on the use of on-shell mass parameters in such contributions in terms of a renormalization scheme that ensures the absence of power-counting violating terms. This is achieved with a systematically extended set of Passarino-Veltman basis functions that leads to manifest power-counting conserving one-loop expressions and avoids the occurrence of superficial kinematical singularities. Compact expressions to chiral order three and four are presented that are particularly useful in coding such coupled-channel systems. Our formal results are generic and prepare analogous computations for other systems, like meson-baryon scattering from the chiral Lagrangian. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Dynamical scoto-seesaw mechanism with gauged B−L symmetry

We propose a dynamical scoto-seesaw mechanism using a gauged B−L symmetry. Dark matter is reconciled with neutrino mass generation, in such a way that the atmospheric scale arises , while the solar scale is , arising radiatively from the exchange of “dark” states. This way we “explain” the solar-to-atmospheric scale ratio. The TeV-scale seesaw mediator and the two dark fermions carry different B−L charges. Dark matter stability follows from the residual matter parity that survives B−L breaking. Besides having collider tests, the model implies sizable charged lepton flavor violating (cLFV) phenomena, including Goldstone boson emission processes. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Goldberger-Treiman relation and Wu-type experiment in the decuplet sector

The leading-order chiral Lagrangian for the baryon octet and decuplet states coupled to Goldstone bosons and external sources contains six low-energy constants. Five of them are fairly well-known from phenomenology, but the sixth one is practically unknown. This coupling constant provides the strength of the (p-wave) coupling of Goldstone bosons to decuplet states. Its size and even sign are under debate. Quark models and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) for a large number of colors provide predictions, but some recent phenomenological analyses even suggest an opposite sign for the Delta-pion coupling. The Goldberger-Treiman relation connects this coupling constant to the axial charge of the Delta baryon. This suggests a Wu-type experiment to determine the unknown low-energy constant. While this is not feasible in the Delta sector because of the large hadronic width of the Delta, there is a flavor symmetry related process that is accessible; the weak semileptonic decay of the Omega baryon to a spin 3/2 cascade baryon. A broad research program is suggested that can pin down at least the rough size and the sign of the last unknown low-energy constant of the leading-order Lagrangian. It encompasses experimental measurements, in particular the forward-backward asymmetry of the semileptonic decay, together with a determination of the quark-mass dependences using lattice QCD for the narrow decuplet states and chiral perturbation theory to extrapolate to the Delta sector. Besides discussing the strategy of the research program, the present work provides a feasibility check based on a simple leading-order calculation. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Noncommutative field theory of the Tkachenko mode: Symmetries and decay rate

We construct an effective field theory describing the collective Tkachenko oscillation mode of a vortex lattice in a two-dimensional rotating Bose-Einstein condensate in the long-wavelength regime. The theory has the form of a noncommutative field theory of a Nambu-Goldstone boson, which exhibits a noncommutative version of dipole symmetry. From the effective field theory, we show that, at zero temperature, the decay width Γ of the Tkachenko mode scales with its energy E as Γ∼E3 in the low-energy limit. We also discuss the width of the Tkachenko mode at a small temperature. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Entropy of flat space cosmologies from celestial dual

We construct a one-dimensional dual theory that effectively describes the sector of the (2+1)D flat gravity phase space near a flat space cosmology saddle labeled by definite mass and angular momentum. This Schwarzian-type action describes the dynamics of the (pseudo-)Goldstone bosons of BMS3 algebra on a circle as the symmetry is spontaneously and anomalously broken. This 1D theory, living on the celestial circle, provides the first explicit construction of a celestial dual theory in (2+1)D. We use it to calculate the semiclassical entropy of flat space cosmologies and find perfect agreement with existing literature. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Effective field theories of axion, ALP and dark photon

With the help of Young tensor technique, we enumerate the complete and independent set of effective operators up to dim-8 for the extension of the standard model with a Goldstone boson by further imposing the Adler’s zero condition in the soft momentum limit. Such basis can be reduced to describe the axion or majoron effective Lagrangian if further (symmetry) constraints are imposed. Then reformulating dark photon as combination of Goldstone boson and transverse gauge boson, the effective operators of the Goldstone boson can be extended to effective chiral Lagrangian description of the dark photon. For the first time we obtain 0 (0), 6 (44), 1 (1), 44 (356), 32 (520) operators in Goldstone effective field theory, and 9 (49), 0 (0), 108 (676), 10 (426), 1904 (40783) operators in dark photon effective field theory at the dimension 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 for one (three) generation of fermions.

Inflation based on the Tsallis entropy

We study the inflationary scenario in the Tsallis entropy-based cosmology. The Friedmann equations in this setup can be derived by using the first law of thermodynamics. To derive the relations of the power spectra of the scalar and tensor perturbations in this setup, we reconstruct an f(R) gravity model which is thermodynamically equivalent to our model in the slow-roll approximation. In this way, we find the inflationary observables, including the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio in our scenario. Then, we investigate two different potentials in our scenario, including the quadratic potential and the potential associated with the natural inflation in which the inflaton is an axion or a pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson. We examine their observational viability in light of the Planck 2018 CMB data. We show that although the results of these potentials are in tension with the observations in the standard inflationary setting, their consistency with the observations can be significantly improved within the setup of the Tsallis entropy-based inflation. Moreover, we place constraints on the parameters of the considered inflationary models by using the current observational data.

Constraints on axion-like particles with the Perseus Galaxy Cluster with MAGIC

Axion-like particles (ALPs) are pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons that emerge in various theories beyond the standard model. These particles can interact with high-energy photons in external magnetic fields, influencing the observed gamma-ray spectrum. This study analyzes 41.3 h of observational data from the Perseus Galaxy Cluster collected with the MAGIC telescopes. We focused on the spectra the radio galaxy in the center of the cluster: NGC 1275. By modeling the magnetic field surrounding this target, we searched for spectral indications of ALP presence. Despite finding no statistical evidence of ALP signatures, we were able to exclude ALP models in the sub-micro electronvolt range. Our analysis improved upon previous work by calculating the full likelihood and statistical coverage for all considered models across the parameter space. Consequently, we achieved the most stringent limits to date for ALP masses around 50 neV, with cross sections down to gaγ=3×10−12 GeV−1.

The majoron coupling to charged leptons

The particle spectrum of all Majorana neutrino mass models with spontaneous violation of global lepton number include a Goldstone boson, the so-called majoron. The presence of this massless pseudoscalar changes the phenomenology dramatically. In this work we derive general analytical expressions for the 1-loop coupling of the majoron to charged leptons. These can be applied to any model featuring a majoron that have a clear hierarchy of energy scales, required for an expansion in powers of the low-energy scale to be valid. We show how to use our general results by applying them to some example models, finding full agreement with previous results in several popular scenarios and deriving novel ones in other setups.

Goldstone bosons on celestial sphere and conformal soft theorems

In this paper, we study celestial amplitudes of Goldstone bosons and conformal soft theorems. Motivated by the success of soft bootstrap in momentum space and the important role of the soft limit behavior of tree-level amplitudes, our goal is to extend some of the methods to the celestial sphere. The crucial ingredient of the calculation is the Mellin transformation, which transforms four-dimensional scattering amplitudes to correlation functions of primary operators in the celestial CFT. The soft behavior of the amplitude is then translated to the singularities of the correlator. Only for amplitudes in “UV completed theories” (with sufficiently good high energy behavior) the Mellin integration can be properly performed. In all other cases, the celestial amplitude is only defined in a distributional sense with delta functions. We provide many examples of celestial amplitudes in UV-completed models, including linear sigma models and Z-theory, which is a certain completion of the SU(N) non-linear sigma model. We also comment on the BCFW-like and soft recursion relations for celestial amplitudes and the extension of soft bootstrap ideas.

Aspects of the Domain-Wall Standard Model

Abstract In the “Domain-Wall Standard Model,” all the Standard Model (SM) fields are localized in certain domains in a non-compact 5D space-time. While the SM is realized as a 4D effective theory at low energies, the model involves Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes of the SM particles. In this paper we introduce two simple solvable examples which lead to domain-wall configurations for the SM particles and their KK-modes. Based on the examples, we address a variety of phenomenologies of the Domain-Wall SM, such as the KK-mode gauge boson phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the effect of the KK-mode SM fermions on Higgs boson phenomenology, and the KK-mode fermion search at the LHC with its decay into a corresponding SM fermion and a Nambu–Goldstone boson associated with a spontaneous breaking of the translational invariance in the 5th dimension. We also propose a simple unified picture of localizing all the SM fields.