Adjustment Process Research Articles

Relationship between fear of evaluation, ambivalence over emotional expression, and self-compassion among university students

BackgroundThis study focuses on college students as research subjects, exploring the relationship between fear of evaluation, ambivalence over emotional expression, and self-care, as well as the moderating effect of self-care on the prediction of ambivalence over emotional expression by fear of evaluation.MethodsThis study selected physical education college students in Sichuan Province as the research participants. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants through public recruitment information and questionnaire links on online platforms commonly used by college students. The questionnaire was distributed at two different time points to reduce the effect of common method bias. A total of 858 questionnaires were distributed, after excluding duplicate responses, a total of 743 valid questionnaires were obtained.ResultsThe result as following: (1) College students exhibit a moderate to high level of negative fear of evaluation, ambivalence over emotional expression, and self-care, with female students having higher negative fear of evaluation; (2) There are significant correlations between fear of evaluation, ambivalence over emotional expression, and self-care; (3) Fear of evaluation and self-care can predict ambivalence over emotional expression, but self-care does not have a moderating effect on the prediction of ambivalence over emotional expression by fear of evaluation; (4) Self-care and negative self-care both have a moderating effect on the prediction of emotion rumination by positive fear of evaluation.ConclusionsIn the past, rumination has often been considered a manifestation of excessive rumination and anxiety. However, this study found that self-compassion’s modulation on fear of positive evaluation intensifies its impact on emotional rumination. Research suggests that moderate emotional rumination may not necessarily be a negative outcome and reflects a positive emotional adjustment process to some extent. Therefore, future studies can further explore the growth and decline of internal rumination processes in self-compassion or counseling, and potentially gain a better understanding of key elements of personal growth.

ANALISIS KESIAPAN PEMERINTAH DESA WANCIMEKAR MENUJU KONSEP SMART VILLAGE

The concept of Smart Village or smart village is a process of adjustment and development experienced by people in rural areas so that they can generate benefits and balance between information technology and villagers so that they can solve problems in the area by using the potential of existing resources that are owned intelligently. Three important elements in a Smart Village that influence one another consist of smart government, smart environment and smart economy. Wancimekar Village in Karawang Regency is seen as one of the villages that is still going through developments towards a smart village, where the obstacle factors will be reviewed through the three elements of the Smart Village concept. This study intends to understand how big the development process of Wancimekar Village is towards a Smart Village. The method used is qualitative narrative with data collection techniques carried out through interviews, direct observation and documentation by related parties and conducting literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the village of Wancimekar is ready to move towards the smart village concept because it is supported by adequate resources. In the aspect of digitizing village services, this is already in the digital development stage, namely by establishing an official digital service page, although it is still in the development stage.

Effects of the geometrical parameters on rectification characteristics of convergence angle throttle orifice plates

Under severe operating conditions, the conventional porous plates are rendered ineffective in rectifying the spiral turbulence generated during the steam flow and pressure adjustment process by the primary pressure-reducing valve (PPRV). To address this limitation, an innovative throttle plate with a convergent angle structure is proposed based on the conventional uniformly distributed porous plate in this study. The design aims to rectify the spiral turbulence generated after PPRV and elucidate its formation mechanism. However, there is currently no clear understanding or reliable prediction method for the pressure loss coefficient due to various structural factors influencing the rectification characteristics and pressure drop properties of the converging angle structure throttle orifice plate. This lack of knowledge severely hampers practical applications of this new plate in pressure-reducing desuperheating devices. To address this issue, the present study investigates the underlying mechanisms governing the rectification characteristics and flow resistance properties of a throttle orifice plate with a converging angle structure through experimental investigations and numerical simulations. The focus is on geometric parameters including the converging angle (θ), orifice diameter (d), throttle diameter ratio (β), and plate thickness (h). The findings suggest that the incorporation of a converging angle structure throttle orifice plate is advantageous in achieving effective rectification of spiral turbulence in the secondary pressure pipeline of the pressure-reducing desuperheating device. This modification reduces the required channel distance for enhancing unstable flow, diminishes velocity non-uniformity, and augments the rectification and control capabilities of the medium.

The Influence of Defense Industry Development Act on the Smooth Transition Dynamics of Stock Volatilities of Defense Industry

Abstract This study aims to investigate the impacts of the Defense Industry Development Act on the volatility of the defense industry as geopolitical risk is raised. Applying the smooth transition generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ST-GARCH) model for daily defense stocks, we demonstrate that the structure breaks in the volatility dynamics process of all defense stocks for Taiwan. The empirical findings show that most defense stocks started the adjustment process more than one year before the date of launch of Defense Industry Development Act except Magnate Technology Corporation (MTC) and China Ship Building Corporation Taiwan (CSBC). The model specification tests suggest two types of transition functions including U-shaped and Z-shaped for all defense stocks. The estimated parameters indicate that the volatilities of returns in defense stocks for Taiwan have inverted U-shaped and inverted Z-shaped patterns of structure breaks. The volatilities of defense enterprise stock return shift by the event of Defense Industry Development Act. JEL classification numbers: G00, G14, G18, L52. Keywords: Geopolitical, Defense industry, Volatility, Structure change, Defense Industry Development Act

Psychological adjustment to death anxiety: a qualitative study of Chinese patients with advanced cancer

ObjectivesDeath anxiety (DA) refers to the negative emotions experienced when a person reflects on the inevitability of their own death, which is common among patients with cancer. It is crucial...

PL‐Pose: robust camera localisation based on combined point and line features using control images

AbstractCamera localisation is an essential task in the field of computer vision. The objective is to determine the precise position and orientation of one newly introduced camera station based on a collection of control images that are geographically referenced. Traditional feature‐based approaches have been found to face difficulties when confronted with the task of localising images that exhibit significant disparities in viewpoint. Modern deep learning approaches, on the contrary, aim to directly regress camera poses from input image content, being holistic to remedy the problem of viewpoint disparities. This paper posits that although deep networks possess the ability to learn robust and invariant visual features, the incorporation of geometry models can provide rigorous constraints in the process of pose estimation. Following the classic structure‐from‐motion (SfM) pipeline, we propose a PL‐Pose framework to perform camera localisation. First, to improve feature correlations for images with large viewpoint disparities, we perform the combination of point and line features based on a deep learning framework and geometric relation of wireframes. Then, a cost function is constructed using the combined point and line features in order to impose constraints on the bundle adjustment process. Finally, the camera pose parameters and 3D points are estimated through an iterative optimisation process. We verify the accuracy of the PL‐Pose approach through the utilisation of two datasets, that is, the publicly available S3DIS dataset and the self‐collected dataset CUMTB_Campus. The experimental results demonstrate that in both indoor and outdoor scenes, our PL‐Pose method can achieve localisation errors of less than 1 m for 82% of the test points. In contrast, the other four comparison methods yield a best result of merely 72%. Meanwhile, the PL‐Pose method can successfully obtain the camera pose parameters in all the scenes with small or large viewpoint disparities, indicating its good stability and adaptability.

Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions

Abstract. We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several geomorphologically active gully systems on Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the European Central–Eastern Alps, covering a total time period from 1953 to 2019 and including several survey periods in order to identify corresponding morphodynamic trends. For the implementation, DEM (digital elevation model) of Differences (DoDs) were calculated, based on multitemporal high-resolution digital elevation models from historical aerial images (generated by structure from motion photogrammetry with multi-view stereo) and light detection and ranging from airborne platforms. Two approaches were implemented to achieve the corresponding objectives. First, by calculating linear regression models using the accumulated sediment yield and the corresponding catchment area (on a log–log scale), the range of the variability in the spatial distribution of erosion values within the sites. Second, we use volume calculations to determine the total and the mean sediment yield (as well as erosion rates) of the entire sites. Subsequently, both the sites and the different time periods of both approaches are compared. Based on the slopes of the calculated regression lines, it can be shown that the highest variability in the sediment yield at the sites occurs in the first time period (mainly 1950s to 1970s). This can be attributed to the fact that within some sites the sediment yield per square metre increases clearly more strongly (regression lines with slopes up to 1.5). In contrast, in the later time periods (1970s to mid-2000s and mid-2000s to 2017/2019), there is generally a decrease in 10 out of 12 cases (regression lines with slopes around 1). However, even at sites with an increase in the variability in the sediment yield over time, the earlier high variabilities are no longer reached. This means that the spatial pattern of erosion in the gully heads changes over time as it becomes more uniform. Furthermore, using sediment volume calculations and corresponding erosion rates, we show a generally decreasing trend in geomorphic activity (amount of sediment yield) between the different time periods in 10 out of 12 sites, while 2 sites show an opposite trend, where morphodynamics increase and remain at the same level. Finally, we summarise the results of long-term changes in the morphodynamics of geomorphologically active areas on lateral moraines by presenting the “sediment activity concept”, which, in contrast to theoretical models, is based on actually calculated erosion. The level of geomorphic activity depends strongly on the characteristics of the sites, such as size, slope length, and slope gradient, some of which are associated with deeply incised gullies. It is noticeable that especially areas with influence of dead ice over decades in the lower slope area show high geomorphic activity. Furthermore, we show that system internal factors, as well as the general paraglacial adjustment process, have a greater influence on long-term morphodynamics than changing external weather and climate conditions, which, however, had a slight impact mainly in the last, i.e. most recent, time period (mid-2000s to 2017/2019) and may have led to an increase in erosion at the sites.

Optimization of a commercial vehicle powertrain mounting system based on new rubber mounts

In order to improve the vibration isolation, environmental adaptability and development efficiency of rubber mounts, a novel rubber mount with adjustable parameters such as stiffness, support height and limit distance was proposed, and its structural composition and working principle were described. And then, a commercial vehicle was taken as the research object to conduct the calculation of mounts stiffness by employing the energy decoupling method and genetic algorithm. On the basis of the influence of cone angle, thickness and height on the ratio of axial-radial stiffness, the detailed structural design of the mounts was carried out, and the relationship between the preloading displacement and axial-radial stiffness was studied by the method of theoretical calculation and test, which made the process of the stiffness adjustment more specific and accurate. Finally, the vibration isolation performance test of the Powertrain Mounting System (PMS) before and after stiffness adjustment was completed. Results show that the adjusted PMS indicates better vibration isolation performance at idle speed and slow acceleration in place, and the new mounts can effectively improve the vibration performance of vehicle, environmental adaptability of mounts and product development efficiency.

Unravelling the nexus between energy prices and exchange rate in Malaysia: Fresh insights from a non-linear perspective using threshold cointegration analysis

This paper proposes a nonlinear threshold cointegration framework to study how energy prices affect Malaysia's nominal exchange rate, considering the money supply, income, and interest rate. The study employs a threshold cointegration approach utilizing threshold autoregressive and momentum threshold autoregressive models. The momentum threshold vector error correction model determines the short-run adjustment of exchange rate deviation from the long-run equilibrium level. The findings reveal that the nonlinear adjustment process to capture the short-run deviation in the long-run equilibrium path is primarily influenced by energy prices, money supply, and interest rates. These results highlight the importance of considering the impact of energy prices on exchange rate policies when formulating and implementing economic policies in Malaysia. The findings can also be valuable for decision-makers to comprehend the future dynamics of exchange rates and make well-informed decisions.

Analysis of Financial Losses and Methods of Shutdowns Prevention of Photovoltaic Installations Caused by the Power Grid Failure in Poland

Shutdowns of photovoltaic installations are a problem that has been increasingly affecting private investors who have built home installations of several to a dozen kWp over the last few years. This problem, most often caused by outdated infrastructure, appears in many countries and impacts energy production. This work focuses on three aspects of the problem. The first one answers the question of how shutdowns of the photovoltaic installation affect production, and how significant the energy loss happens when the PV inverter is not working or is in the restart phase. The second aspect proposes an original, low-cost method that reduces the number of shutdowns. This method relates to the auto-consumption mechanism associated with domestic water heaters and the system for measuring voltage and energy consumption from the electrical network. The solution is based on constant monitoring of the network voltage and the switching of heaters based on a dedicated algorithm. Additionally, continuous analysis also allows for reporting observed irregularities to the electricity supplier. The third and final factor corresponds to the real impact of shutdowns on the long-term aspect of the investment and the extension of its payback period, and to what extent the proposed solution shortens this period. Through a detailed analysis on the issue of shutdowns, the proposed solution allows for a reduction in the number of shutdowns by over 40%. However, due to the fact that it discusses a specific case, this solution requires a calibration and adjustment process, which is discussed in the article.

LIFE ADJUSTMENT ANALYSES OF THE PEOPLE WITH CORONA VIRUS IN TURKEY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

We aimed to determine the life adjustment process of people who have had coronavirus andthe factors affecting this process, to investigate the long-term effects related to this disease and reportthem for the first time.In thiscross-sectional study conductedbetween March and December 2021, 202 participants who previously had coronavirus infection, identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test, were enrolled. The data was collected online using the Hacettepe Personality Inventoryandevaluatedusing descriptive statistics, survival analyses and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses in SPSS software. According to the Hacettepe personality inventory, the mean total adjustment score of the participants was 91.97±16.9, the mean social adjustment score was 45.47±9.7 and the mean personal adjustment score was 46.49±8.7. According to the hazard function graphs, it was calculated that the mean general adjustment month of the participants was 13.59±0.64, the mean social adjustment month was 13.89±0.65 and the mean personal adjustment month was 11.83±0.52. It has been observed that the coronavirus disease has a negative impact on life and social and personal adjustment, while the mean time for people to adjust to life is 1 year.

When is more (not) better? On the relationships between the number of information ties and newcomer assimilation and learning

AbstractSocial capital plays a critical role in newcomer adjustment. However, research is lacking regarding the effective mobilization of social capital, in terms of how different information network characteristics jointly influence newcomer adjustment. Drawing on the literature on social networks and newcomer adjustment, we distinguish two crucial processes of newcomer adjustment, namely assimilation and learning, and propose that the extent to which newcomers' number of information ties influences the assimilation and learning processes depends on the frequency of social interactions (i.e., tie strength) and the status of network contacts (i.e., network status). To test our hypotheses, four waves of data were collected from a sample of 178 organizational newcomers. The results suggest that when network status is low, mobilizing a large information network reduces newcomers' organizational identification (an assimilation indicator), which in turn reduces their job satisfaction. Conversely, mobilizing a large information network with weak ties enhances newcomers' role clarity (a learning indicator) and in turn boosts their task performance. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering tie strength and network status together with the number of information ties in efforts to facilitate newcomer adjustment.

GS-AGC: An Adaptive Glare Suppression Algorithm Based on Regional Brightness Perception

Existing algorithms for enhancing low-light images predominantly focus on the low-light region, which leads to over-enhancement of the glare region, and the high complexity of the algorithm makes it difficult to apply it to embedded devices. In this paper, a GS-AGC algorithm based on regional luminance perception is proposed. The indirect perception of the human eye’s luminance vision was taken into account. All similar luminance pixels that satisfied the luminance region were extracted, and adaptive adjustment processing was performed for the different luminance regions of low-light images. The proposed method was evaluated experimentally on real images, and objective evidence was provided to show that its processing effect surpasses that of other comparable methods. Furthermore, the potential practical value of GS-AGC was highlighted through its effective application in road pedestrian detection and face detection. The algorithm in this paper not only effectively suppressed glare but also achieved the effect of overall image quality enhancement. It can be easily combined with the embedded hardware FPGA for acceleration to improve real-time image processing.

The Relationship Between Baby Massage and The Sleep Quality of Babies Aged 3-6 Months at Pmb Midwifery Dian Armiati, A.Md.Keb Karangrejo Gempol District Pasuruan 2023

Infancy is a golden period and this period cannot be repeated because this period comes very quickly, it is also called a critical period because babies are very sensitive to their environment, need proper nutrition and good stimulation to support their growth and development. At this time, the baby's brain is still developing. Babies are fragile individuals and require some adjustment. Babies experience difficulties in the adjustment process affecting their development and causing unpredictable behavior, the most fatal consequence of which is death. The sense of touch is very important in a baby's early life to help him adapt to his environment. Baby massage is an activity suitable for babies that helps improve the quality of sleep in babies, motor development in babies and fine motor skills in babies. At PMB Dian Armiati A.Md.Keb, Karangrejo Village, Gempol District, there are several independent practice places for midwives (PMB) but not all PMBs carry out baby massage which is carried out by midwives, namely at PMB Dian Armiati A.Md.Keb, Karangrejo Village, Gempol District .To determine the relationship between the influence of baby massage on the quality of baby sleep in PMB Dian Armiati A.Md.Keb, Karangrejo Village, Gempol District. With a cross sectional research design using the Wilcxon test method. This research is quantitative using an analytical survey method where researchers try to explore how and why health phenomena occurthe 30 respondents, it was found that before the baby massage was carried out, the majority of sleep quality was in the poor category, 18 babies (60%), after the baby massage, the sleep quality was in the good category, 20 babies (66.7%), so it can be concluded There is a relationship between baby massage and the quality of baby sleep

Pandemic impacts and experiences after disaster in Australia: qualitative study of compound impacts following the Black Summer bushfires.

The first cases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia were recorded in January 2020, which was during the 'Black Summer' bushfires of 2019-20 and prior to additional disasters in some regions. Few studies have considered the compound impact of disasters and the pandemic. To improve understanding of the impact on mental health and well-being of the pandemic in disaster-affected communities. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 18) with community members and online focus groups (n = 31) with help providers from three regions of rural Australia affected by bushfires and the pandemic. Six themes were produced: (a) 'Pulling together, pulling apart', describing experiences after bushfires and prior to impacts of the pandemic; (b) 'Disruption of the 'normal response', encompassing changes to post-disaster recovery processes attributed to the pandemic; (c) 'Escalating tensions and division in the community', describing impacts on relationships; (d) 'Everywhere you turn you get a slap in the face', acknowledging impacts of bureaucratic 'red tape'; (e) 'There are layers of trauma', highlighting intersecting traumas and pre-existing vulnerabilities; and (f) 'Where does the help come from when we can't do it?', encompassing difficulties accessing services and impacts on the helping workforce. This study furthers our understanding of compound disasters and situates pandemic impacts in relation to processes of adjustment and recovery from bushfires. It highlights the need for long-term approaches to resilience and recovery, investment in social infrastructure, multi-component approaches to workforce issues, and strategies to increase mental health support and pathways across services.

БЮДЖЕТИРОВАНИЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The article presents the impact of budgeting processes on the efficiency of an organization. The types of notations used in practice to describe the processes of formation and adjustment of budgets are determined. The relationship between the main types of budgets in the company is highlighted. The stages of building a budgeting system in a diversified organization have been identified. The content of regulations in the budgeting system, as well as their place and role in the income and cost management system, have been clarified. The relationship between scenario planning in a company when developing a strategy with various types of budgets is considered.

The Mechanism of Newsroom and TV Journalist Work Routines during the COVID-19 Pandemic

A disease outbreak known as COVID-19 (Corona Virus Diseases 2019) is currently affecting virtually every part of the planet. The COVID-19 outbreak is a catastrophe that endangers and disrupts life, causes fatalities, traumatizes victims, and engenders a climate of threat and fear. The COVID-19 pandemic tragedy not only affected the number of sick and deceased individuals but also altered work schedules in the neighborhood. Additionally, COVID-19 has brought about changes in journalism, particularly in television journalism. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the mechanism governing the operational procedures of newsroom and television journalism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expectancy Violation Theory and Judee K. Burgoon’s Interaction Adaptation Theory were both used in this study. This research approach employed a constructive subjective paradigm and utilized a qualitative case study methodology. The subjects of this study were the journalists and editors of iNews TV and Metro TV. The study’s finding show that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted how journalists work both in the workplace and in the field, causing disruption and changes to their routines. Nevertheless, the pandemic has also prompted an acceleration of the process of adapting how journalistic tasks are carried out, both in the newsroom and on the ground. Despite the acceleration, the COVID-19 epidemic has expedited the process of adaptation and adjustment. Finally, the transformation has resulted in new business strategies in the television industry due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Co-design of educational social games with newcomer children: a case study of arabic-speaking migrant tweens

ABSTRACT This article addresses the problem of newcomer children’s social adjustment through the use of educational games and co-design activities. While the adjustment process has been studied broadly, there are few studies on using computer games as a solution, especially the involvement of the children in the design process. This article is based on data collected from two studies aimed at understanding newcomer children’s social adjustment needs and involving them in designing game-based solutions. In the first study and as a pre-requisite to designing any effective solution, we conducted a survey of Arabic-speaking newcomer tweens (9–12 years old), parents, and teachers to understand and contextualise the social adjustment problems the children are experiencing. In the second study, we ran a series of co-design workshops and interviews to investigate what the children learn and which game-play ideas and features they use to promote solutions to the social adjustment problems identified in the first study. Corresponding to our two studies, this article has two main contributions: (1) identifying and confirming the most pressing social adjustment problems, and (2) offering new insights on running co-design workshops with children and the features and ideas that can be used in social adjustment games for newcomer children.

Improved particle swarm optimization with reverse learning and neighbor adjustment for space surveillance network task scheduling

Space Surveillance Network (SSN) plays a crucial role in Space Domain Awareness (SDA) as it helps to maintain the catalog of Resident Space Objects (RSOs). Howe`ver, as the population of RSOs continues to grow, the contradiction between the increasing number of RSOs and limited sensor resources will be further apparent. How to effectively utilize existing sensor resources becomes a vital concern. This paper focuses on the Multi-sensor Collaborative Observation Scheduling (MCOS) in SSN. The workflow of SSN is summarized, and a Mathematical Programming Model (MPM) is established to maximize observation profit. Given the complexity of MPM, a modified Particle Swarm Optimization is proposed by combining Reverse learning, Neighbor adjustment, and Particle perturbation (RNP-PSO). In the MPM, multiple constraints such as observation time for each RSO, observation frequency, and sensor capability are considered, enabling a comprehensive description of the MCOS problem for the first time. The RNP-PSO incorporates a reverse learning algorithm to improve the quality of the initial population. Additionally, continuous mapping is added to the neighbor adjustment process to enhance the algorithm's search capabilities. Furthermore, a particle perturbation strategy is proposed to increase the diversity of solutions and avoid local optima. A series of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the RNP-PSO algorithm in solving the MCOS problem. The results demonstrate that compared to several other effective algorithms, the RNP-PSO algorithm significantly improves the Task Completion Rate (TCR) by approximately 17.01%, 19.1%, 13.53%, and 13.99%, while simultaneously reduces the Resource Consumption Rate (RCR) by about 55.48% and 36.38%. The experiments also include strategy and parameter sensitivity verification, which thoroughly validate the performance of the RNP-PSO algorithm in various aspects.

Noninvasive system for weight estimation in cactus crops: A YOLOv5-decision tree approach based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets

This study proposes a noninvasive system to estimate the weight of a prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica), which combines a model based on deep learning to detect and estimate its area and a model based on supervised learning and developed under a type-2 interval fuzzy sets approach to estimate its weight. YOLOv5 was used for detection, which achieved results with an accuracy of 0.999, recall of 0.999, mAP_0.5 of 0.995, and mAP_0.5:0.95 of 0.990. Area estimation is performed based on the object's coordinates in the image. To perform the weight estimation task, a comparative analysis of models based on supervised learning was performed to identify the model that best described the response variable, selecting a decision tree model. The training and adjustment process included the uncertainty in a weight evaluation system using a granatary scale to enhance the weight estimation capability. Using a trapezoidal membership function, the type-2 interval fuzzy set approach was used to convert the collected data into fuzzy numbers. The model findings for the weight estimation task were also favorable, with a model-explained variance R2 of 0.98, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 10.02, and a mean absolute error (MEA) of 6.33 g. Finally, both models were incorporated into a graphical user interface to facilitate their use in the real weight estimation process. A real case application with the proposed system demonstrated its effectiveness in detecting and estimating weight dynamically with an error of 9 g. Therefore, its viability as an alternative system for weight estimation in cactus crops was demonstrated. Furthermore, a comparative analysis demonstrated the superiority of the proposed hybrid approach over similar approaches in the literature.