Adjacent Particles Research Articles

Explainable AI classification for parton density theory

Quantitatively connecting properties of parton distribution functions (PDFs, or parton densities) to the theoretical assumptions made within the QCD analyses which produce them has been a longstanding problem in HEP phenomenology. To confront this challenge, we introduce an ML-based explainability framework, XAI4PDF, to classify PDFs by parton flavor or underlying theoretical model using ResNet-like neural networks (NNs). By leveraging the differentiable nature of ResNet models, this approach deploys guided backpropagation to dissect relevant features of fitted PDFs, identifying x-dependent signatures of PDFs important to the ML model classifications. By applying our framework, we are able to sort PDFs according to the analysis which produced them while constructing quantitative, human-readable maps locating the x regions most affected by the internal theory assumptions going into each analysis. This technique expands the toolkit available to PDF analysis and adjacent particle phenomenology while pointing to promising generalizations.

Cold Consolidation of Pharmaceutical Waste Glass Powders Through Alkali Activation and Binder Jet 3D Printing.

The recent COVID-19 emergency has led to an impressive increase in the production of pharmaceutical vials. This has led to a parallel increase in the amounts of waste glass; manufacturers typically recover material from faulty containers by crushing, giving origin to an unrecyclable fraction. Coarse fragments are effectively reused as feedstock for glass melting; on the contrary, fine powders (<100 microns), contaminated by metal and ceramic particles due to the same crushing operations, are landfilled. Landfilling is also suggested for pharmaceutical containers after medical use. This study aims at proposing new opportunities for the recycling of fine glass particles, according to recent findings concerning alkali activation of pharmaceutical glass, combined with novel processing, i.e., binder jetting printing. It has already been shown that pharmaceutical glass, immersed in low-molarity alkaline solution (not exceeding 2.5 M NaOH), undergoes surface dissolution and hydration; cold consolidation is later achieved, upon drying at 40-60 °C, by a condensation reaction occurring at hydrated layers of adjacent particles. Binder jetting printing does not realize a full liquid immersion of the glass powders, as the attacking solution is selectively sprayed on a powder bed. Here, we discuss the tuning of key parameters, such as the molarity of the attacking solution (from 2.5 to 10 M) and the granulometry of the waste glass, to obtain stable printed blocks. In particular, the stability depends on the formation of bridges between adjacent particles consisting of strong T-O bonds (Si-O-Si, Al-O-Si, B-O-Si), while degradation products (concentrating Na ions) remain as a secondary phase, solubilized by immersion in boiling water. Such stability is achieved by operating at 5 M NaOH.

Performance of Monotonic Pile Penetration in Sand: Model Test and DEM Simulation

By integrating laboratory tests and three-dimensional discrete element methods, this research extensively explores the macroscopic and microscopic mechanisms of static pile penetration in standard sand. Initially, the mesoscopic parameters of standard sand were established via flexible triaxial compression tests, and a three-dimensional discrete element model was created using the particle size magnification technique. The study results confirm the rationality of parameter selection and numerical modeling by comparing penetration resistance and displacement obtained from laboratory model tests and discrete element simulations. Initially, penetration resistance swiftly increases, then stabilizes progressively with increasing depth. The lateral friction resistance grows with penetration depth, especially peaking near the cone tip. Moreover, horizontal stress quickly rises during pile penetration, mainly caused by the pile foundation compressing the adjacent soil particles. Displacement of the foundation particles is primarily focused around the pile side and cone tip, affecting an area roughly twice the pile diameter. Soil particle displacement exhibits a pronounced vertical downward movement, primarily driven by lateral friction. The distribution of force chains among foundation particles indicates that the primary stressed areas are at the pile ends, highlighting stress concentration features. This research offers significant insights into the mechanical behaviors and soil responses during pile foundation penetration.

High-Yield Preparation and Properties of Phenolic Resin-Based Carbon Microspheres.

This study aims to enhance the production efficiency of carbon microspheres (CS) and expand their potential applications. To this end, resorcinol-formaldehyde microspheres (RFS) were prepared in high yield through the modified Stöber method, utilizing resorcinol and formaldehyde as carbon sources, ammonia as a catalyst, and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) as a soft template. The resulting RFS were then carbonized to obtain high yield CS. This study examined the impact of key factors, namely, the concentration of resorcinol, ammonia, and the SDBS concentration, along with the temperature of carbonization, upon the properties of the resulting CS, which were observed with regard to microscopic morphology, average particle size, homogeneity, and yield. The findings demonstrated that the proclivity of RFS to agglomerate with one another at high carbon source concentrations was markedly diminished, while the yield of CS was notably enhanced through the introduction of the anionic surfactant SDBS. The particle size of RFS can be modified within the range 200-1000 nm by adjusting the resorcinol and ammonia concentration. The prepared RFS exhibited a regular spherical morphology and a smooth surface. Furthermore, the CS displayed a uniform spherical morphology following high-temperature carbonization, with no agglomeration or cross-linking observed between adjacent particles. It was observed that the yield of RFS reached a maximum of 93.2 g/L when the resorcinol concentration was 0.7 mol/L. Following carbonization at 800 °C, the yield of CS was found to be 41.9 g/L, with a diameter of 770 nm and good monodispersity.

The impact of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) on sand internal erosion resistance: A microfluidic study

Fine particle internal erosion involves the detachment, transport, and deposition of fine particles within soil, significantly impacting agriculture, engineering, and environmental protection. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has proven to be an effective method for controlling internal erosion. To optimize MICP protocols for effective erosion control, understanding the microscopic mechanisms by which MICP reduces fine particle erosion is essential but remains unclear. In this study, microfluidic chip experiments were conducted to observe the characteristics of calcium carbonate crystals and fine particles before and after MICP reinforcement and erosion. Through quantitative analysis of the calcium carbonate produced by MICP and eroded fine particles, the effects of bacterial density, concentration of cementation solution, and flow rate on the efficiency of MICP in resisting soil internal erosion were investigated. In addition, three primary mechanisms by which MICP reduces fine particle erosion were identified. Firstly, in situ sand stabilization occurs when calcium carbonate generated by MICP bonds and encapsulates fine particles, forming larger particles that remain stable under erosive flow conditions. Secondly, regional sand stabilization is achieved as MICP-produced calcium carbonate crystals narrow or block the flow channels, preventing extensive migration of fine particles. Lastly, adjacent particle stabilization is facilitated by calcium carbonate crystals, which remain stable during water flow erosion and alter the erosion flow lines, creating zones adjacent to the crystals where fine particle movement is minimized. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the role of MICP in erosion control and can inform the development of more effective erosion mitigation strategies.

From nano to macro in graphene-polymer nanocomposites: A new methodology for conductivity prediction

A two-step approach is proposed to forecast the conductivity of graphene polymer composites using simple models reflecting the tunneling mechanism and interphase part. Firstly, graphene and the adjacent interphase are presumed as figurative particles, and their conductivity is estimated. In the second stage, the conductivity of the nanocomposite containing figurative particles is predicted, considering the tunneling size between adjacent particles. The advanced methodology is used to forecast the conductivity for real examples. Additionally, the implications of all terms on the nanocomposite conductivity are assessed and explained. The estimations of conductivity acceptably agree with the measured data, which justifies the predictability of the suggested methodology. Thick interphase and short tunnels produce desirable conductivity, because they positively influence the net dimensions and tunneling resistance. Among the studied parameters, the thicknesses of graphene nanosheets and interphase have the highest impacts on the nanocomposite conductivity. The highest conductivity of nanocomposite as 7 S/m is obtained by the thickest interphase (ti = 10 nm) and the thinnest nanosheets (t = 1 nm), while t > 2 nm or ti < 5.5 nm cannot improve the conductivity. Furthermore, graphene volume fraction of 0.03 with the graphene diameter of 4 μm maximizes the nanocomposite conductivity to 3 S/m, but less filler amount and shorter nanosheets weaken the conductivity of nanocomposites.

Effectiveness and mechanism of microbial dust suppressant on coal dust with different metamorphosis degree.

The extraction of coal from open-pit mines significantly contributes to environmental degradation, posing grave risks to human health and the operational stability of machinery. In this milieu, microbial dust suppressants leveraging microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) demonstrate substantial potential for application. This manuscript undertakes an exploration of the dust mitigation efficiency, consolidation attributes, and the fundamental mechanisms of microbial dust suppressants across coal dust samples with varying metamorphic gradations. Empirical observations indicate that, in resistance tests against wind and rain, lignite coal underwent mass losses of 7.43g·m-2·min-1 and 98.62g·m-2·min-1, respectively. The production of consolidating agents within the lignite dust, attributable to the microbial suppressants, was measured at 0.15g per unit mass, a value of 1.25 and 1.07 times greater than that observed in bituminous coal and anthracite, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses illuminated that the consolidating products within the coal dust predominantly constituted calcite and vaterite forms of calcium carbonate. The consolidation mechanism of coal dust via microbial suppressants is articulated as follows: Subsequent to the application on coal dust, the suppressants induce the formation of carbonate precipitates with inherent adhesive properties. These carbonates affix to the surfaces of coal dust particles, progressively encapsulating them. Furthermore, they play a pivotal role in bridging and filling the interstices between adjacent dust particles, thereby culminating in the genesis of a dense, cohesive mass capable of withstanding erosive forces.

Axisymmetric Slow Rotation of Coaxial Soft/Porous Spheres.

The steady low-Reynolds-number rotation of a chain of coaxial soft spheres (each with an impermeable hard core covered by a permeable porous layer) about the axis in a viscous fluid is analyzed. The particles may be unequally spaced, and may differ in the permeability and inner and outer radii of the porous surface layer as well as angular velocity. By using a method of boundary collocation, the Stokes and Brinkman equations for the external fluid flow and flow within the surface layers, respectively, are solved semi-analytically. The particle interaction effect increases as the relative gap thickness between adjacent particles or their permeability decreases, which can be significant as the gap thickness approaches zero. A particle's hydrodynamic torque is reduced (its rotation is enhanced) when other particles rotate in the same direction at equivalent or greater angular velocities, but increases (its rotation is hindered) when other particles rotate in the opposite direction at arbitrary angular velocities. For particles with different radii or permeabilities, the particle interaction has a greater effect on smaller or more permeable particles than on larger or less permeable particles. For the rotation of three particles, the presence of the third particle can significantly affect the hydrodynamic torques acting on the other two particles. For the rotation of numerous particles, shielding effects between particles can be substantial. When the permeability of porous layers is low, relative fluid motion is barely felt by the hard cores of the soft particles. The insights gained from this analysis on the effects of interactions among rotating soft particles may be of great importance in many physicochemical applications of colloidal suspensions.

Investigation of nanoscale dual-precipitation behavior in 4Cr16MoCu martensitic stainless steel under varied tempering temperatures

Nanoscale dual-precipitation in 4Cr16MoCu martensite stainless steel was investigated after tempering at 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C. Atom probe tomography (APT) was utilized to quantify the growth pattern of Cu-rich phase and eutectoid behavior of the co-located Cu-rich phase and M23C6 carbide precipitates. With the increase in tempering temperature, the size of Cu-rich phase continued to grow while their number decreased. Meanwhile, significant changes of the aggregation positions of Ni and Mn in Cu-rich particles were observed, shifting from the center of Cu particles when tempering at 500 °C to their periphery at 600 °C. During the precipitation process, closely adjacent Cu-rich particles were confirmed surrounding the carbides, indicating that carbides contribute to the nucleation of Cu-rich phase. Furthermore, despite their proximity, no mutual compositional encroachment between the precipitates was detected. In addition, the dislocation proliferation induced by the solid phase transition of Cu particles has also been confirmed.

Role of friction and geometry in tuning the bending stiffness of topologically interlocking materials

Topologically interlocking material (TIM) systems offer adjustable bending stiffness controlled by external pre-stress, as shown in previous studies. This study focuses on a specific TIM system comprised of truncated tetrahedral particles interconnected via tensioned wires. The fabrication process involves weaving nylon wires through 3D printed truncated tetrahedrons that have longitudinal and latitudinal through-holes. By varying the tension applied to the wires, one can systematically control the overall bending stiffness of the TIM system. We change the surface friction and the contact angle between adjacent particles at a fixed wire tension, to study experimentally how they affect the system’s bending response. We inform experiments with Level Set Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) simulations, to correlate surface friction and contact area changes with the system’s bending modulus. The numerical model is shown to be predictive and could be used in the future to evaluate designs of TIMs.

Cold Laser Sintering of Medicines: Toward Carbon Neutral Pharmaceutical Printing.

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that uses a laser to fuse powder particles together, which allows the fabrication of personalized solid dosage forms. It possesses great potential for commercial use. However, a major drawback of SLS is the need to heat the powder bed while printing; this leads to high energy consumption (and hence a large carbon footprint), which may hinder its translation to industry. In this study, the concept of cold laser sintering (CLS) is introduced. In CLS, the aim is to sinter particles without heating the powder bed, where the energy from the laser, alone, is sufficient to fuse adjacent particles. The study demonstrated that a laser power above 1.8 W was sufficient to sinter both KollicoatIR and Eudragit L100-55-based formulations at room temperature. The cold sintering printing process was found to reduce carbon emissions by 99% compared to a commercial SLS printer. The CLS printed formulations possessed characteristics comparable to those made with conventional SLS printing, including a porous microstructure, fast disintegration time, and molecular dispersion of the drug. It was also possible to achieve higher drug loadings than was possible with conventional SLS printing. Increasing the laser power from 1.8 to 3.0 W increased the flexural strength of the printed formulations from 0.6 to 1.6 MPa, concomitantly increasing the disintegration time from 5 to over 300 s. CLS appears to offer a new route to laser-sintered pharmaceuticals that minimizes impact on the environment and is fit for purpose in Industry 5.0.

Crack Initiation in Compacted Graphite Iron with Random Microstructure: Effect of Volume Fraction and Distribution of Particles.

Thanks to the distinctive morphology of graphite particles in its microstructure, compacted graphite iron (CGI) exhibits excellent thermal conductivity together with high strength and durability. CGI is extensively used in many applications, e.g., engine cylinder heads and brakes. The structural integrity of such metal-matrix materials is controlled by the generation and growth of microcracks. Although the effects of the volume fraction and morphology of graphite inclusions on the tensile response of CGI were investigated in recent years, their influence on crack initiation is still unknown. Experimental studies of crack initiation require a considerable amount of time and resources due to the highly complicated geometries of graphite inclusions scattered throughout the metallic matrix. Therefore, developing a 2D computational framework for CGI with a random microstructure capable of predicting the crack initiation and path is desirable. In this work, an integrated numerical model is developed for the analysis of the effects of volume fraction and nodularity on the mechanical properties of CGI as well as its damage and failure behaviours. Finite-element models of random microstructure are generated using an in-house Python script. The determination of spacings between a graphite inclusion and its four adjacent particles is performed with a plugin, written in Java and implemented in ImageJ. To analyse the orientation effect of inclusions, a statistical analysis is implemented for representative elements in this research. Further, Johnson-Cook damage criteria are used to predict crack initiation in the developed models. The numerical simulations are validated with conventional tensile-test data. The created models can support the understanding of the fracture behaviour of CGI under mechanical load, and the proposed approach can be utilised to design metal-matrix composites with optimised mechanical properties and performance.

Cesium stabilization by engineered alkaline attack of glass for pharmaceutical containers

An innovative method for immobilizing cesium has been developed through the alkali activation of boro-alumino-silicate glass. Glass powders from discarded pharmaceutical vials, suspended in CsOH-based activating solutions yield cementitious matrices upon drying at nearly room temperature. Solid blocks are formed through bridging of adjacent particles by condensation reactions in hydrated surface layers. Silicates, borates, and aluminates released into the solution, along with atmospheric CO2 interact with Cs+ and NH4+ ions, forming additional phases, with various chemical stability. When exposed to boiling water the blocks are stable. Boro-pollucite (CsBSi2O6) formed as the result of chemical reactions in the system is stable and does not dissolve. However, boiling results in dissolution of cesium carbonate. A mixed attack by CsOH-NH4OH instead of CsOH reduces the formation of cesium carbonate, maximizing the immobilization of cesium in a stable matrix.

Experimental study and mechanism analysis on the effect of pre-curing time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers under compression

The effects of the pre-curing time before exposing the carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) filled liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixture to a preparatory magnetic field on the magnetorheological (MR) effects of the magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) were experimentally and theoretically investigated. The anisotropic MRE samples with different pre-curing time were firstly fabricated and their compressive MR effects were tested. The results showed that the longer pre-curing time induces the shorter and more irregular particle chains formed in the MREs, and the sample pre-cured for 20 min showed the maximum MR effect. Then based on the rheological characterization, a rheological model was proposed to predict the rheological property evolution of CIPs/PDMS mixture with respect to the pre-curing time, and a modified three-dimensional (3D) particle dynamics (PD) model was developed to simulate the particle structure evolution in the MRE mixtures under a preparatory magnetic field. The simulation results showed that short chains were first formed owing to the magnetic attraction between the adjacent particles. Then these short chains approached each other to form long chains and even thick chain-like clusters. The later process can be restrained by increasing the pre-curing time, thus more short and incompact particle chains are formed in the MREs. Lastly, simplified microstructure models representing the wavy chains were used to explore the effect of particle arrangement on the MR effect of the MREs under compression. It is found that the wavy chains with incompactly packed particles are beneficial for improving the MR effect owing to the strong transverse magnetic attraction between the neighboring particles. This work demonstrates that PD simulation is an efficiency method to predict the particle arrangement evolution in the MRE mixture, and the possibility to tailoring the microstructures of the MREs by adjusting the viscosity of MRE mixtures to improve their MR effects, while keeping a high zero-field modulus simultaneously.

Novel cesium immobilization by alkali activation and cold consolidation of waste pharmaceutical glass

A new method of cesium immobilization has been successfully developed by combining alkali activation of boro-alumino-silicate glass and viscous flow sintering. Powdered glass from discarded pharmaceutical vials, suspended in a 2.5 M CsOH aqueous solution, underwent surface hydration as well as partial dissolution. Condensation reactions occurring at hydrated surface layers upon drying at 40 °C over 7 days resulted in welding of adjacent particles, forming a network that trapped newly formed gel and crystal phases. The newly formed phases including crystalline boro-pollucite (CsBSi2O6), were derived mostly from Cs+ ions reacting with the products of glass dissolution and exhibited a high chemical stability. Further stabilization was achieved through viscous flow sintering at 700 °C, resulting in the incorporation of Cs+ ions in a glass matrix. The effectiveness of the immobilization was confirmed by leaching test using the Materials Characterization Center-1 Standard (MCC-1). This innovative approach not only enhances the chemical stability of cesium waste forms, but also aligns with principles of cleaner production by repurposing pharmaceutical glass waste, promoting sustainable materials management.

High electrical conductivity and bending resistance of Ag NPs/Ag flakes composite silver paste are achieved by sintering Ag NPs

The investigation of conductive silver pastes and inks has witnessed extensive research within the domain of printed electronics in recent years, primarily owing to the exceptional electrical conductivity and steadfastness intrinsic to silver. This paper introduces an approach for the fabrication of stable, cost-effective, and low-resistance conductive silver paste tailored for flexible printed circuits. This method facilitates the solidification of the conductive silver paste into a highly conductive silver film at a curing temperature of 250 °C. In the process of preparing the conductive silver paste, Ag flakes is subject to modification through the incorporation of Ag NPs, which are subsequently sintered at a low temperature curing setting. The sintering of Ag NPs serves to establish connections between adjacent particles of Ag flakes within the paste, thereby enhancing the conductivity and flexibility of the resulting conductive printed silver film. When the ratio of Ag NPs to Ag flakes is maintained at 10:90, the volume resistivity of the Ag NPs-modified film registers at 2.7 × 10−5 Ω.cm. This demonstrates a substantial 53.45% reduction in the volume resistivity of the conductive printed silver film modified with Ag NPs, compared to its Ag NPs-absent counterpart. Post 200 cyclic bending tests, it becomes evident that the resistance change rate in the Ag NPs-modified conductive printed silver film is a mere 12.5%, whereas the Ag NPs-modified silver film lacking Ag NPs displays a resistance change rate of 21.5%. This discrepancy underscores the capacity of Ag NPs-modified Ag flakes to fortify the bending resistance of the conductive printed silver film. Comprehensive data analysis substantiates that the improvements in electrical conductivity and bending resistance can be attributed to the superior bridging facilitated by the sintering process on the surface of the Ag NPs-modified Ag flakes.

Wettability and joining of reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) by Ti–Si eutectic alloy

The high-strength joining of reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) is pivotal for its application in the semiconductor field. In this paper, the wetting and joining mechanism of Ti–Si eutectic alloy on RBSC were investigated. The contact angles observed between Ti–Si eutectic alloy and RBSC were approximately 1.9°, indicating the favorable wettability and demonstrating the feasibility of bonding RBSC joints. The temperature bending strength of the joints initially increased and then decreased as the brazing temperature increased. Moreover, the shear strength of approximately 107.38 ± 5.56 MPa was achieved at 1350 °C for 30 min. Notably, the diffusion and amalgamation of atoms, lead to the establishment of stronger bonds between adjacent particles. Thus, the Ti–Si eutectic alloy brazing filler formed a direct connection with the RBSC matrix, with Si2Ti infiltrating into the base metal on both sides. The utilization of Ti–Si eutectic alloy brazing filler in RBSC joints exhibits promising prospects.

Precipitation behavior of γ′ phase with a multi-model morphology in the Ni-based superalloy GH4720Li during water quenching and subsequent artificial aging and related mechanisms

The microstructure evolution of the γ′ precipitates in GH4720Li superalloy during the heat treatment processes of water quenching and subsequent aging at temperatures of 760 °C, 800 °C, and 850 °C was investigated with particular emphasis on the variation in the morphology, size, and size distribution of the precipitates and related mechanisms. Influence of aging temperature and time on the nucleation, growth, and coarsening behavior of the bimodal dispersion of secondary and tertiary γ′ precipitates were discussed. Results showed that only spherical-shaped secondary γ′ precipitates with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm formed during the cooling process of quenching. During aging, the nucleation of tertiary γ′ precipitate, growth of both secondary and tertiary γ′ precipitates follow the typical solid-diffusion-assisted precipitation mechanism, while the abnormal coarsening of the secondary precipitates occurs through coalescing adjacent particles. Aging temperature has a less effect on the precipitation of the tertiary γ′ precipitate but substantially influences the coarsening of the secondary γ′ precipitates. At higher aging temperatures such as 850 °C, the abnormal coarsening of the secondary γ′ precipitates, which always takes place at 760 °C and 800 °C, are significantly suppressed. The aging time mainly influences the growth rate of the secondary γ′ but shows little effect on the evolution of the tertiary γ′ phase. Precipitates strengthen the alloy through strong coupling interaction mechanism. An optimal aging strategy heating at 850 °C for 8 h is proposed for the GH4720Li superalloy, yielding the best uniform dispersion of the precipitates, maximum hardness of the sample, and being considered time and energy-saving.

Universal Short-Time Conductance Behavior Emerges between Two Adjacent Reservoirs

When a shutter, which differentiates between two adjacent particles’ reservoirs with a voltage gap, is lifted, a current emerges. In this paper, the temporal dynamics of this emerging current is analyzed. The main results are as follows: (A) the current’s prefactor in the short-time behavior is related to the long-time frequencies, by which the current converges to its equilibrium value (the conductance quantum unit 2e2/h). (B) In the short-time regime, the current is proportional to the square root of the time. (C) The maximum overshoot conductance is bounded by Gmax = ζe2/h, where ζ is a universal value which is very close to Euler’s number. (D) Most of these results are valid for a thin wire in 3D, even in the presence of electron–electron interactions.

Micromechanical Analysis of Lateral Pipe–Soil Interaction Instability on Sloping Sandy Seabeds

The micromechanical mechanism of pipe instability under lateral force actions on sloping sandy seabeds is unclear. This study investigated the effects of slope angle and instability direction (upslope or downslope) on pipe–soil interaction instability for freely laid and anti-rolling pipes using coupled discrete element method and finite element method (DEM–FEM) simulations. The numerical results were analyzed at both macro- and microscales and compared with the experimental results. The findings revealed that the ultimate drag force on anti-rolling pipes increased with slope angle and was significantly larger than that on freely laid pipes for both downslope and upslope instabilities. Additionally, the rotation-induced upward traction force was proved to be the essential reason for the smaller soil deformation around freely laid pipes. Moreover, the shape differences in the motion trajectories of pipes were successfully explained by variations in the soil supporting force distributions under different slope conditions. Additionally, synchronous movement between the pipe and adjacent particles was identified as the underlying mechanism for the reduced particle collision and shear wear on pipe surfaces under a high interface coefficient. Furthermore, an investigation of particle-scale behaviors revealed conclusive mechanistic patterns of pipe–soil interaction instability under different slope conditions. This study could be useful for the design of pipelines in marine pipeline engineering.