Adiantum Capillus-veneris Research Articles

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Adiantum capillus Veneris Extraction with Methanol, Chloroform, and Ether Solvents against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The increasing problem of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is a worldwide concern, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. At the same time, medicinal plants have renewed interest because of their wide variety of bioactive phytochemicals, which could be used to develop new antimicrobial drugs. This renewed interest is partly due to the growing resistance to traditional drugs and their associated side effects. The objective of this study is to assess the antimicrobial properties of the total extract and various fractions of Adiantum capillus veneris against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aerial parts of Adiantum capillus veneris were subjected to extraction using methanol, chloroform, and ether, and the resulting extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against MRSA. Additionally, essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts using a Clevenger apparatus and boiling water. Furthermore, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was utilized to analyze the phytochemicals isolated from the extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris. The essential oil was obtained through distillation and then analyzed using GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method. GC/MS analysis revealed that the composition was primarily phytol (59.9%), constituting 99.3% of phyto-constituents. However, both the total extract and the individual fractions exhibited no inhibitory effects against MRSA strains.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Green-Synthesized Using Extracts of Different Plants.

In this study, an easy, efficient, economical, and eco-friendly green bio-synthesis method was utilized to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the extracts of four plants: Ginkgo biloba, Cichorium Intybus, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, and Rosmarinus Officinalis. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by using a uv-vis spectrometer, which showed distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands. The surface of AgNPs was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity of Tenoxicam/Meloxicam-loaded AgNPs has been studied using the inhibition of albumin denaturation method. Tenoxicam-loaded AgNPs showed higher % Inhibition, but Meloxicam-loaded AgNPs showed lower % Inhibition. Furthermore, the AgNPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Patterns in Genome-Wide Codon Usage Bias in Representative Species of Lycophytes and Ferns.

The latest research shows that ferns and lycophytes have distinct evolutionary lineages. The codon usage patterns of lycophytes and ferns have not yet been documented. To investigate the gene expression profiles across various plant lineages with respect to codon usage, analyze the disparities and determinants of gene evolution in primitive plant species, and identify appropriate exogenous gene expression platforms, the whole-genome sequences of four distinct species were retrieved from the NCBI database. The findings indicated that Ceratopteris richardii, Adiantum capillus-veneris, and Selaginella moellendorffii exhibited an elevated A/U content in their codon base composition and a tendency to end with A/U. Additionally, S. capillus-veneris had more C/G in its codons and a tendency to end with C/G. The ENC values derived from both ENC-plot and ENC-ratio analyses deviated significantly from the standard curves, suggesting that the codon usage preferences of these four species were primarily influenced by genetic mutations and natural selection, with natural selection exerting a more prominent influence. This finding was further supported by PR2-Plot, neutrality plot analysis, and COA. A combination of RSCU and ENC values was used as a reference criterion to rank the codons and further identify the optimal codons. The study identified 24 high-frequency codons in C. richardii, A. capillus-veneris, and Diphasiastrum complanatum, with no shared optimal codons among the four species. Arabidopsis thaliana and Ginkgo biloba exhibited similar codon preferences to the three species, except for S. moellendorffii. This research offers a theoretical framework at the genomic codon level for investigating the phylogenetic relationships between lycophytes and ferns, shedding light on gene codon optimization and its implications for genetic engineering in breeding.

Comparative analysis of medicinal plants from Kurdistan region-Iraq for chemical constituents and bioactivities

The medicinal plants in Kurdistan-Iraq are used widely for the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, it is very interesting to look after the components of these plants as they are involved directly in the therapy. The collected samples from Dohuk City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq were Adiantum capillus-veneris, Polygonum avicular, Urtica dioca, Tribulus terretris, Artemisis splendens Willd, Scirpus lacustris, Mentha longifolia, Thymus kotschyanus, Achillea santolina and Anthenis des champs. The elemental contents of these samples were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The antibacterial and antioxidant activities were identified for the methanolic extracts of these plants. This study aims to identify the components, evaluate elemental content and analyze the biological activities of certain medicinal plants used in the region. The qualitative analysis of the phytochemical by screening out the methanolic extract of the collected samples showed the presence of phenolic compounds, proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, anthraquinones, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. Furthermore, the extracts have been analyzed to determine the presence of elements. The most abundant elements of the total 29 elements analyzed for the plant samples were iron, manganese, potassium and magnesium. This finding is important for potential drug discovery.

SEM and LM insights: Spore morphology and its taxonomic significance in Sino Himalayan, Malesian, and European elements of Pteridaceae.

The Pteridaceae family, known for its taxonomic complexity, presents challenges in identification due to high variability among its species. This study investigates the spore morphology employing both SEM and LM techniques in 10 Pteridaceae taxa phytogeographicaly Sino-Himalayan, Malesian, and European elements in Pakistan. The taxa include Adiantum capillus-veneris, A. incisum, A. venustum, Aleuritopteris bicolor, Oeosporangium nitidulum, O. pteridioides, Onychium cryptogrammoides, O. vermae, Pteris cretica, and P. vittata. The objective is to assess their taxonomic relevance and develop a spore-based taxonomic key. Findings indicate differences in spore shape, sizes, exospore thickness, and in surface ornamentation highlighting the potential for taxonomic differentiation. Spores are trilete, and notable differences are observed in the dimension of spores in both distal and proximal sides. Equatorial dimensions vary between 35 and 50 μm, while the polar diameter ranges from 29 to 50 μm. SEM revealed different spore ornamentation types that show several useful characteristics establishing valuable taxonomic variations. The studied Adiantum taxa feature a perispore with tubercules and a micro-granulose surface. The spores of examined Oeosporangium and Aleuritopteris taxa shows cristate sculptures with variable ornamentations. Both species of Onychium have tuberculate-pleated tubercles with sinuous folds on both distal and proximal sides. The surface ornamentation among examined Pteris taxa show variability. PCA analysis indicated that spore quantitative data identified distinct groups, underscoring taxonomic significance. Nevertheless, there was variation observed in surface ornamentation and spore shape, indicating the potential for discrimination among taxa. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Spore morphology of 10 Pteridaceae taxa has been investigated through LM and SEM. Investigated species shows differences in spore shape, sizes, exospore thickness, and in surface ornamentation. Ornamentation on the perispore provides several valuable characteristics, establishing useful taxonomic distinctions. Spore morphological analysis is effective at the generic level, with minor distinctions discernible at the species level.

Foliar phenols and flavonoids level in pteridophytes: an insight to culturable fungal endophyte colonisation.

There are many available reports of secondary metabolites as bioactive molecules from culturable endophytes, nevertheless, there are scarce research pertaining to the levels of metabolites in plants with respect to the incidence and colonisation of fungal endophytes in the same foliar tissues. Therefore, the study was focussed to examine whether fungal endophyte colonisation and the accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and phenols, in the plants are related in any way. For this reason, the study aims to analyse phenols and flavonoids from the fronds of eleven pteridophytes along with the culture-dependent isolation of fungal endophytes from the host plants subsequently assigning them to morphological category and their quantitative analysis and further resolving its identities through molecular affiliation. The results revealed that nine morpho-categories of fungal endophytes were allotted based on culture attributes, hyphal patterns and reproductive structural characters. Highest numbers of species were isolated from Adiantum capillus-veneris and least was recorded from Pteris vittata and Dicranopteris linearis. Maximum phenol content was analysed from the fronds of P. vittata and lowest was recorded in A. capillus-veneris. Highest flavonoid content was measured in D. linearis and lowest was detected in Christella dentata. Significant negative correlation was observed between phenol content of ferns and species richness of fungi. Moreover, significant positive correlation was observed with the relative abundance of Chaetomium globosum and flavonoid content of ferns and negative significant relation was found between relative abundance of Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis and phenol content of pteridophytes. The occurrence and the quantitative aspects of endophytes in ferns and their secondary metabolites are discussed.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Utilizations for Urban Landscapes of Ferns on Buildings in Taipei City

<p>橫跨熱帶與亞熱帶地區的台灣，處處都有蕨類的蹤跡，即使在高度發展的台北都市區裡，仍可見自發生長的蕨類旺盛生長，蕨類植物除了可增加都市生物多樣性提升生活舒適性，在恢復都市生態景觀中亦發揮著潛在的重要生態功能。本研究於2022年5月至 2023年3月的10個月間，透過台北都市區進行依附建物生長蕨類的種類、土地使用分區、方位、棲息地年齡 (建築開發後的年數) 與材質等調查，探索台北都會區建築的蕨類分布及其生態特性。在台北12個行政區486樣區內，共紀錄23種蕨類，其中出現頻度超過5%的6個物種，依頻度高低排序，分別為鱗蓋鳳尾蕨 (Pteris vittata L.)、鳳尾蕨 (Pteris multifida Poir.)、鐵線蕨 (Adiantum capillus-veneris L.)、腎蕨 (Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl)、野小毛蕨 (Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy)、東洋山蘇花 (Asplenium setoi N. Murak. & Seriz. )。蕨類所依附之建築年齡至少要50年以上，棲位以牆角 (43%) 與牆面 (28%) 居多，基質以水泥 (41%) 與磚牆 (32%) 佔優勢，本研究顯示逾20種台灣原生蕨類植物可生存在台北都市區幾近無土且人為嚴重干擾的嚴苛環境中，首度證實多種台灣原生蕨類族群在都市裡可穩定生長開始，納入都市景觀的潛力要件，為都市景觀增添多樣性及野性氣息，可在規劃都市設計時綠建築與發展景觀生物多樣性時之植物素材，落實親生命城市規劃目標。</p> <p> </p><p>In the metropolitan area of Taipei, ferns could grow spontaneously. In the tropical-subtropical region of Taiwan, we can observe them everywhere. Ferns play an important role in the horticultural business. significance and provide important ecological services. In addition to climate change and its destruction of natural habitats, it may lead to widespread loss of biodiversity; however, the high abundance of ferns and soil structure, which is more abundant in steep, dry and wet soil areas, through Reducing runoff from roads, mitigating splash and hydro-surface erosion processes, trapping sediment from which plant seeds can germinate, providing nutrient-rich runoff, and moderating harsh surface temperature environments all play potentially important ecological roles in urban ecological landscape restoration. The research investigates fern species, land-use subdivisions, building age, location, and growth matrix in Taipei metropolitan area over a 10-month period from May 2022 to March 2023. The results show that 23 fern species were recorded in 489 plots across 12 administrative districts of Taipei City, with 6 species occurring at a frequency of more than 5%. These species include Pteris vittata L., Pteris multifida Poir., Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl, Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy, and Asplenium setoi N. Murak. & Seriz. Ferns were found exclusively on old buildings, typically at least 50 years old. The primary locations for fern growth were wall corners (43%) and wall surfaces (28%), with cement (41%) and brick (32%) being the most predominant growth matrices. This study highlights that certain fern species can thrive in harsh environments without soil and with minimal human interference, such as those found in the Taipei metropolitan area. As a result, ferns hold potential as plant materials for building, landscape, and urban planning designers in the future. This study first documented that many native ferns can stably grow in urban areas. They are now considered to be potential elements for urban landscapes, adding diversity and wildness. These ferns can serve as plant materials for green buildings and contribute to enhancing urban biodiversity. This aligns with the goal of creating biophilia cities that prioritize life and well-being.</p> <p> </p>

Exploring plant-derived small molecules as inhibitors of Marburg virus RNA binding protein activity

The search for antiviral medications is greatly influenced by the hunt for potent inhibitors of viral proteins. To find possible inhibitors of the RNA binding activity of the Marburg virus VP35 protein, we used a thorough in silico drug discovery approach in this investigation. A comprehensive virtual screening process, followed by a detailed MMGBSA analysis, led to the discovery of four potential inhibitory compounds viz. Kudzuisoflavone A, Miquelianin, Rutin, and Protopseudohypericin. They were identified from an extensive library of phytomolecules derived from three medicinal plants: Adiantum capillus-veneris, Hypericum perforatum, and Pueraria montana. In molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, all these compounds showed steady binding to the target protein and favourable interactions. Notably, the free binding energies of all the selected compounds were better than the myricetin, a well-known blocker of the VP35 protein of the Ebola virus. Overall, this investigation offers insightful information about the molecular interactions and binding dynamics of the identified inhibitors’ binding to the VP35 protein of the Marburg virus. The findings highlight the potential of three particular medicinal plants as sources of key chemicals for the creation of brand-new Marburg virus antiviral drugs. More experimental validation and optimization of the identified inhibitors are necessary in order to transform these findings into effective medicines for treating Marburg virus infections. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

A phytochrome/phototropin chimeric photoreceptor promotes growth of fern gametophytes under limited light conditions.

Many ferns thrive even in low-light niches such as under an angiosperm forest canopy. However, the shade adaptation strategy of ferns is not well understood. Phytochrome 3/neochrome (phy3/neo) is an unconventional photoreceptor, found in the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris, that controls both red and blue light-dependent phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation, which are considered to improve photosynthetic efficiency in ferns. Here we show that phy3/neo localizes not only at the plasma membrane but also in the nucleus. Since both phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation are mediated by membrane-associated phototropin photoreceptors, we speculated that nucleus-localized phy3/neo possesses a previously undescribed biological function. We reveal that phy3/neo directly interacts with Adiantum cryptochrome 3 (cry3) in the nucleus. Plant cryptochromes are blue light receptors that transcriptionally regulate photomorphogenesis; therefore, phy3/neo may function via cry3 to synchronize light-mediated development with phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation to promote fern growth under low-light conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that phy3/neo regulates the expression of the Cyclin-like gene AcCyc1 and promotes prothallium expansion growth. These findings provide insight into the shade adaptation strategy of ferns and suggest that phy3/neo plays a substantial role in the survival and growth of ferns during the tiny gametophytic stage under low-light conditions, such as those on the forest floor.

Species from the collection of tropical and subtropical plants of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University in need of protection

One of the current areas of work of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro, Ukraine) is considered conservation, introduction, study of tropical and subtropical plants needed protection. The fund collection of tropical and subtropical plants in protected soil, where the total number of taxa is 830 units from 105 families, and those listed in the Red Book of Ukraine and international lists are more than 70 (28 families), among them, the vast majority of species (60) are included in the World Red List and, in particular, Adiantum capillus-veneris L. – in the Red Book of Ukraine has been studied. The geographical origin and life forms of the collection species needed protection are studied. Their habitats have been found to represent almost all areas of the tropics and subtropics; there are a large number of endemics, including the Galapagos Islands, Madagascar, and the islands of Norfolk and Rodriguez. Among the life forms, most belong to succulents (35 taxa) and trees (20). The taxonomy and systematic position of species according to the classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV) have been determined. It has been determined that almost all rare and endangered plants of the Laboratory of the Tropics and Subtropics of DNU have a decorative appearance and can be used in the phytodesign of various interiors, some of them are plants in which fruits, leaves, stems and other parts have a high biological value, in particular as a source of antioxidants, and are a source of physiologically active compounds and vitamins, can be raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industries. It was found that the largest number among the species in need of protection is the life form of succulents. Among them, the family Cactaceae Juss dominates: 13 genera, 16 species and the family Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort. – 7 species of Aloe L. The collection of tropical and subtropical plants of the DNU Botanical Garden is constantly used for educational work among the population, thousands of people visit it throughout the year. Protected soil plants serve as the basis for environmental education for adults and children, schoolchildren in particular from the Junior Academy of Sciences, students.

Unraveling the interplay of leaf structure and wettability: A comparative study on superhydrophobic leaves of Cassia tora, Adiantum capillus-veneris, and Bauhinia variegata

In this article, superhydrophobic leaves of Cassia tora, Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV), and Bauhinia variegata are reported for the first time, and the wettability of these leaf's surfaces was correlated with their surface morphology at micro- and nanoscale. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images of the surfaces were used to get surface morphological information at the micro-nanoscale structures. A special drying method was implemented to ensure the minimal structural collapse of these surfaces under the high vacuum of FESEM. FESEM images of Cassia tora leaves showed widely spaced, low aspect ratio nanopetals distributed on bumpy blunt microfeatures, responsible for high contact angle hysteresis, and high roll angle measured on the Cassia tora leaves. ACV leaves showed the presence of micrometer-scale spherical morphology made of nanoscale hair-like features. These hierarchical re-entrant surface features generated a very high contact angle and low roll-off angle. Leaves of Bauhinia variegata showed similar superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. However, surface features were different, which consisted of a higher aspect ratio and closely spaced nanopetals uniformly distributed over flat surfaces consisting of micro-scale ridges. Our comprehensive investigation covers a detailed analysis of droplet impact studies, shedding light on the intricate dynamics governing droplet behavior on these superhydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, we extended our analysis to encompass droplet impact on macrostructures to assess their influence on droplet receding and rebound phases. Notably, it was observed that only the microstructure of Cassia tora had a discernible impact on the receding and rebound phases of droplets. Additionally, our experiments examining maximum spreading diameter demonstrated good agreement with established models, further strengthening the scientific basis of our findings. These findings not only contribute to the advancement of our understanding of surface wetting phenomena but also bear practical implications for the development of water-repellent and self-cleaning materials.

Controlling Argas arboreus and A. persicus (Acari: Argasidae) by Adiantum capillus-veneris L. extracts with phytochemical analysis

Argas species are parasites associated mostly with birds. Their infestations of the host may cause blood loss, resulting in anemia and finally death. Egypt loses millions of tons annually from birds because of these parasites. In addition, they can transmit pathogens to animals and humans. The acaricidal effects of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris at different concentrations (1–4%) against semi-fed adults of Argas arboreus and A. persicus were investigated during 30 days after treatments. Mobility and mortality, acaricide efficacy, and the concentration that kills 50% of specimens (LC50) were estimated. The percentage of dead adults of both Argas species appeared during 6 days considerably until 30 days was significantly increased after treatment of either ethanol or methanol extracts of Adiantum at 1–4%, versus control groups. Ethanolic extracts (100% mortality) were more effective than methanolic ones (90% mortality) for both Argas species. Argas arboreus (80% efficacy and 5.9% LC50) was more resistant than A. persicus (100% efficacy and 4.1% LC50). Generally, males were more resistant than females. The chemical profile (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis) for the ethanolic extract of Ad. capillus-veneris at 4% (the most effective extract) was provided for the first time, which showed that the major group was sugars and sugar alcohols, and the main components were thymol-ß-d-glucopyranoside, D-(-)-Tagatofuranose, D-Arabinose, D-Galactose, D-(-)-Fructofuranose and Anthracene, 1-methyl. The efficiency of all these components was discussed. Based on the findings, bioactive compounds present in Ad. capillus-veneris have the potential to be applied as substitutes for synthetic acaricides and a biological control agent in the management of A. arboreus and A. persicus ticks.

Applications of pteridophytes in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya: An ethnobotanical perspective

Ferns exhibit wide distribution in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), with Himachal Pradesh providing optimal climatic conditions for diverse fern species. This study documents the ethnobotanical applications of 45 pteridophyte species, spanning 16 families and 21 genera in Himachal Pradesh. Pteridophytes hold economic importance due to their edibility, ornamental appeal, and medicinal properties. Local communities extensively employ Pteridophytes with medicinal attributes to address various health concerns, including boils, wounds, colds, coughs, gastrointestinal diseases, gonorrhea, typhoid, urinary problems, uterine disorders, and hair loss. Moreover, Pteridophytes exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling properties, where plant paste is directly applied to the skin for swelling reduction. The monsoon season sees substantial growth of ferns in moisture-rich soil. Apart from their utilitarian purposes, ferns contribute to aesthetic values and serve as outdoor and ornamental plants. Noteworthy ornamental ferns, such as Adiantum capillus-veneris, Pteris cretica, Pteris multifida, Polypodium polypodioides, and Lepisorus thunbergianus, are acknowledged for their potential to enhance air quality. Diplazium esculentum, an edible fern, stands out as a popular and nutritious cuisine in Himachal Pradesh. The article concludes with recommendations for the conservation and sustainable utilization of ethnobotanically significant Pteridophytes in Himachal Pradesh.

Efficacy of an Oral Solution Containing Five Herbal Extracts in the Treatment of Urolithiasis: A Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

The high prevalence of urolithiasis and its recurrence entail the preparation of an efficient drug with the least side effects. Tribulus terrestris, Urtica dioica, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Stigma maydis (corn silk), and Cucumis melo are herbal remedies utilized in traditional medicine for urolithiasis. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of these plants' extracts in treating urolithiasis. In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, participants meeting inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the drug (n = 27) and placebo (n = 27) groups to take herbal or placebo solutions, respectively, at a dose of 60 drops 3 times daily for 4 weeks with standard treatment. Before and after the intervention, 24-h urine volume and the quantities of calcium, sodium, citrate, oxalate, urea, creatinine, and uric acid in 24-h urine, and urinary pH were measured. The number and size (diameter in mm) of stones were determined by ultrasonography and recorded for each patient. Except for 24 h urine volume, other urinary parameters did not alter significantly at the end of the intervention compared to baseline. Furthermore, the two groups had no significant difference regarding these indices. Regarding stone parameters, the stone size decreased significantly in the drug group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.049). The number of cases with complete stone expulsion in the drug group was significantly higher than in the placebo group (12 cases vs. 4 cases, respectively, P = 0.017). Oral consumption of the herbal solution causes stone size reduction and stone expulsion in patients with urolithiasis.

Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosomes of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris for Antimicrobial Activity

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,468-477.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.048Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Supriya Ganesh Jagtap, Vedant Vinay Kajale, Mukta Mahesh Abhyankar, Aditi Shrinivas Kulkarni, and Minal Rushikesh Ghante Author(s) affiliations:Supriya Ganesh Jagtap1,*, Vedant Vinay Kajale2, Mukta Mahesh Abhyankar1, Aditi Shrinivas Kulkarni1, Minal Rushikesh Ghante2 1Department of Pharmacognosy, STES’s, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA. 2Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, STES’s, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Natural plant extracts and phytoconstituents have high in vitro bioactivity but low in vivo bioactivity because of poor lipid solubility, multiple ring large molecules, or digestion in the gut. Polyphenolic phytoconstituents were complexed with phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, which molecularly attaches components to one another to produce novel drug delivery systems like phytosomes. The important constituents of the herbal extract are designed to protect from being disrupted by gastric juices and gut bacteria, as phytosomes have the ability to cross the bio-membranes that which are lipid enriched and boost bioavailability. Objectives: The current work is aimed to formulate and evaluate phytosomes from Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV) hydroalcoholic extract for antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: Antisolvent precipitation method was chosen on the basis of the solubility of hydroalcoholic extract in dichloromethane. The prepared trial batches of the phytosomes complex were characterized by using particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, drug content, and in vitro drug release study. The optimized batch of phytosomes was characterized for compatibility studies by using Infrared Spectrometry (IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TSM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and further for stability studies. Results: The results revealed that ACV hydroalcoholic extract and phosphatidylcholine were found to be connected by a non-covalent bond and did not generate a new molecule in the ACV hydroalcoholic extract-phosphatidylcholine complex and showed enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to the hydroalcoholic extract. Conclusion: The complex's dissolution profile was found to be improved. As a result, the phospholipid complex of ACV extract can therefore be concluded to have the potential to enhance bioavailability. Keywords:Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV), Antimicrobial activity., H-ACV extract phytosomes, Hydroalcoholic extract, PhytosomesView:PDF (549.56 KB)

Protective effect of aqueous extract of Adiantum capillus leaves against renal toxicity induced by gentamicin

The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Aqueous Extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris leaves (AEA) against nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamicin. Twenty four adult male rats housed in animal house unit / college of veterinary, underwent to the necessary laboratory conditions. Study period was 8 days. Rats divided into four groups: first was normal control, second treated gentamicin(80mg/kg/day.im), third group treated with gentamicin(80mg/kg/day.im) and AEA(250mg/kg/day. oral) and fourth group treated with gentamicin (80mg/kg/day.im) and metformin (100mg/kg/day.oral). Blood were taken by cutting jugular vein serum were used to estimate levels of albumin, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Also Kidney were weighted and homogenate to estimate oxidant-antioxidant parameters. Results showed a significant increase in albumin, urea, creatinine, MDA and a significant decrease in GSH and SOD in rats treated by gentamicin compared to control in P<0.01, while treating by AEA and metformin showed a significant decrease in Albumine, Urea, creatinine, MDA and a significant increase in GSH and SOD and CAT in AEA group compared to gentamicin group. The significance was higher in AEA than metformin. We concluded that AEA has a therapeutic activity against nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in male rats.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Herbal Medicinal Plant Extract against Paracetamol Induced Liver Injury in Rats

The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatoprotective efficacy of Whole plant extract of Adiantum capillus against Paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Wistar albino rats were orally fed 500 mg/kg of body weight of Methanolic and Acetonic extract of Adiantum capillus Whole plant, with Silymarin serving as the reference. By restoring functional parameters, physical parameters, biochemical parameters, and decreasing blood enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TBL) in the selected animal, the methanolic and Acetonic extracts exhibited a potent hepatoprotective effect. The plant's chemical composition includes, among others, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins. The overall experimental data suggest that bioactive phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, present in the Methanolic and Acetonic extracts of Adiantum capillus plant may be responsible for the plant's significant hepatoprotective effect. The results thus support the use of Adiantum capillus plant as a hepatoprotectant.

Protective Effect of Herbal Medicinal Plant Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury in Rat

Adiantum capillus (AC) Linn (Family: Adiantaceae) commonly known as “Hansraj” It is used in common cold, cough, pyrexia inflammation, acts as purgative. It improves digestion and renal function. This study was performed to investigate the hepato-defensive potential of Adiantum capillus in contradiction of carbon tetrachloride tempted hepatic damage in rats. The rodents were dosed with Acetonic extract (AEAC, 500mg/kg) extract of Adiantum capillus against Carbon Tetrachloride induced hepatic damage. Results shows thst Carbon Tetrachloride elevated the level of hepatic markers like SOPT, SGPT, bilirubin and ALP as well as altered the antioxidant enzymes. The level of hepatic biomarkers, as well as antioxidant enzyme, were recovered after the administration of at 500mg/kg, p.o., which was further confirmed by the histopathological. From above results it was concluded that The Acetonic extract (500 mg/kg, bw) extract of Adiantum capillus (ACE) recover the biochemical as well as antioxidant parameters, which were affected by Carbon Tetrachloride. The histopathological analysis supports the outcomes of antioxidants parameters.
 Key Words: Adiantum capillus, , , x, ,

Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Activity in Lipid Absorption Using Traditional Plants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from excessive accumulation of fat. With a significant annual increase, it has become a health concern across the globe in the last decades. To tackle this problem, an exploration of traditional medicinal plants (TMP) functioning as anti-obesity drugs using an ethnopharmacology approach has been carried out. Research on the drug development of obesity treatment was directed at how to inhibit pancreatic lipase as the enzyme accounted for lipid absorption. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, this current study investigated TMP anti-obesity from the articles published in 6 scientific databases, i.e., Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Cengage Library, Ebsco, and Emerald, using particular keywords. The review resulted in 19 articles containing 91 eligible data based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta-analysis extracted data as follows: IC50, number of replications, and standard error, regarding the anti-obesity effects of medicinal plants and orlistat as a positive control. The results showed 8 medicinal plants showing anti-obesity via inhibition of pancreatic lipase, including Solenostemma argel, Garcinia vilersiana, Phyllanthus chamaepeuce, Cassia auriculata, Moringa oleifera, Ficus carica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Adiantum capillus-veneris.

Dried Leaves Powder of Adiantum capillus-veneris as an Efficient Biosorbent for Hazardous Crystal Violet Dye from Water Resources

The dyeing industry uses many chemicals and dyes. After the dying process is completed, they release a significant amount of dyes in wastewater. The dyes’ color emissions are extremely poisonous and dangerous for aquatic and terrestrial life. Due to the toxic nature of dyes, the current study was carried out to evaluate whether it would be effective to employ an adsorption procedure with leaves from the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant as an adsorbent to remove commonly used textile dyes from an aqueous dye solution and wastewater. The effect of pH, concentration, time and the adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was studied in order to determine the maximum adsorption under ideal conditions. The selected pH was 3; the optimum concentration was 30 ppm with a contact time of 90 min and the optimized adsorbent dose was 60 mg. The absorbent under study showed excellent results when compared with commercial adsorbents i.e., animal charcoal and silica gel. The leaves of the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant revealed a maximum removal of 90.36 percent crystal violet dye (adsorption capacity (Qe) 9.05 mg/g) without any treatment to activate or alter the surface chemistry of the biosorbent. Its effectiveness was also tested with water gathered from several sources, including canal water, tap water, distilled water, and saline water, to determine whether it was practical. In both the canal and the tap water, the adsorbent displayed good removal efficiency. From the results of the current study, it can be inferred that the leaves of the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant are a reasonably priced biosorbent that can be used to remove toxic dyes from wastewater to protect water bodies from toxic pollution and can be used to treat industrial wastewater directly.