Adhesive Index Research Articles

STUDY OF PROBIOTIC ACTIVITY AND SAFETY OF LACTOBACTERIA ISOLATED IN POULTRY FARMS OF UKRAINE

The use of probiotics is quite common in poultry, as they reduce the use of antimicrobials, improve poultry digestion and increase feed conversion.
 The aim of the study was to study the probiotic properties and safety of lactobacilli isolated in poultry farms in Ukraine. For the study, samples were taken from poultry farms in Ukraine, in four regions. Samples of manure and washes from drinking troughs were taken from each of the farms. A total of 40 samples were taken. The delivered samples were examined in the conditions of the Ukrainian laboratory of quality and safety of agro-industrial complex products. Morphological, cultural, enzymatic properties, catalase activity, probiotic properties (synthesis of organic acids, resistance to bile, antagonistic properties and adhesive properties) and safety were investigated in the isolated microorganisms.
 As a result of the study of the selected samples, 56 isolates of lactobacilli were isolated. Since we were interested in isolates with probiotic properties, a study of isolates on the indicator of "resistance to bile" was conducted. As a result of this study, four isolates were identified that were resistant to 1 % bile in the environment, these microorganisms were decided to study the rest of the indicators. According to the results of determining the enzymatic properties, it was determined that isolate 1 belongs to Lactobacillus acidophilus, isolate 2 - Lactobacillus casei, isolate 3 - Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and isolate 4 - Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus had a medium antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and a high one against Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus casei isolate had moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus delbrueckii isolate had high antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The isolate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus had a medium antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and a high one against Escherichia coli. All four studied isolates had an average adhesion index.

Cross-Talk of Focal Adhesion-Related Gene Defines Prognosis and the Immune Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer

Background: Focal adhesion, as the intermediary between tumor cells and extracellular matrix communication, plays a variety of roles in tumor invasion, migration, and drug resistance. However, the potential role of focal adhesion-related genes in the microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivity of gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been revealed.Methods: The genetic and transcriptional perspectives of focal adhesion-related genes were systematically analyzed. From a genetic perspective, the focal adhesion index (FAI) was constructed based on 18 prognosis-related focus adhesion-related genes to evaluate the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity. Then three prognosis-related genes were used for consistent clustering to identify GC subtypes. Finally, use FLT1, EGF, COL5A2, and M2 macrophages to develop risk signatures, and establish a nomogram together with clinicopathological characteristics.Results: Mutations in the focal adhesion-related gene affect the survival time and clinical characteristics of GC patients. FAI has been associated with a shorter survival time, immune signaling pathways, M2 macrophage infiltration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling, and diffuse type of GC. FAI recognizes ALK, cell cycle, and BMX signaling pathways inhibitors as sensitive agents for the treatment of GC. FLT1, EGF, and COL5A2 may distinguish GC subtypes. The established risk signature is of great significance to the prognostic evaluation of GC based on FLT1, EGF, and COL5A2 and M2 macrophage expression.Conclusion: The focal adhesion-related gene is a potential biomarker for the evaluation of the immune microenvironment and prognosis. This work emphasizes the potential impact of the focal adhesion pathway in GC therapy and highlights its guiding role in prognostic evaluation.

Inhibitory Power of Papaya Leaves to the Adhesion of Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria to Neutrophils

Papaya leaves contain several active substances that are thought to inhibit bacterial adhesion. This study aims to determine the inhibitory power of papaya leaf extraction and papaya leaf infusion to the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans bacteria to neutrophils and differences in inhibition in various concentrations. The method used is an in vitro experimental laboratory with a post-test-only control group design. The sample consisted of several concentrations of papaya leaf extraction and papaya leaf infusion (control, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The treatment group was added with neutrophil isolates and incubated for 3 hours, then exposed to Streptococcus mutans for 2.5 hours. Knowing the adhesion index can be done by calculating the average number of Streptococcus mutans attached to 100 neutrophils. The results showed successively with rounding in control, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% papaya leaf infusion, adhesion of 9237, 8929, 7436, 3870, 3162 bacteria to neutrophils occurred. The minimum concentration of 25% papaya leaf extraction and 50% papaya leaf infusion can inhibit the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to neutrophils. There is a difference in the ability between papaya leaf extraction and papaya leaf infusion in inhibiting the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to neutrophils as follows: papaya leaf extraction 25% to papaya leaf infusion 25% obtained sig value ≥0.001* with a mean square of -16.38, papaya leaf extraction 50% to Papaya leaf infusion 50% got a sig value of ≥0.001* with a mean square of -42.91, 75% papaya leaf extraction to 75% papaya leaf infusion got a sig value of ≥0.001* with a mean square of -28.85 and 100% papaya leaf extraction to 100% papaya leaf infusion obtained a sig value of ≥0.001* with a mean square of -26.11.

ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF ORAL BIOCENOSIS REPRESENTATIVES

Medicine pays great attention to the study of microbial organizations on surfaces and in body cavities. In dentistry, it is scientifically proven that plaque microorganisms are the cause of the appearance and development of dental caries. Representatives of the microflora that causes dental caries belong to the normal flora of the oral cavity. Regarding the microbial beginning, a paradigm is currently being developed that this pathology arises due to a violation of the dynamic balance between the forces of opposing, opposing biological objects macroand microorganisms. Recently, studies have begun to address the problem of the symbiosis of microorganisms on biological objects in the form of biofilms. Depending on the tasks that researchers in this field set themselves, the attitude towards microorganisms changes from negative to exactly opposite. This situation makes it relevant to consider the relationship between representatives of the oral microflora. Understanding the interactions between them can help in choosing a therapeutic effect with optimal parameters (type, method, strength, duration). The purpose of this article is to consider the possibility of representing the relationship between the associates of an oral biotope using mathematical analysis. n general, when processing dynamic statistics use similar mathematical formulas. The formula of adhesion index Lactobacillus paracasei 1 is most adapted to the purposes of our research. We will replace in it PA on antagonistic activity, DK1 on number of microorganisms at lower KPU, DK2 on number of microorganisms at higher KPU, Dop on number of microorganisms at the minimum KPU possible for acceptance for the norm. In this case, we get an expression by which we can assess with a certain degree of accuracy the antagonistic activity of the microorganisms-associates of the oral habitat studied by the staff of UMSA. The calculation of the formula can be done using mathematical online calculators.
 The authors, on the basis of studies carried out at the bases of the departments of therapeutic dentistry, microbiology, virology and immunology (UMSA, Poltava), as well as the methods of mathematical accounting used in medicine in such studies, put forward their own approach to accounting for the relationship between the associates of oral biocenosis. One type of symbiotic relationship is antagonism. The antagonistic activity of representatives of the oral biotope was taken as the basis for determining intermicrobial interactions: corynebacteria (Corinebacterium), Candida fungi, hemolytic streptococci (S. γ-haemolyticus, to which S. Mutans belongs).
 The determination of the antagonistic activity of the representatives of the oral biotope was carried out at different intensities of the carious process. It showed that in most cases this is possible. Symbiotic relationships within the oral biocenosis can manifest as antagonism, as indicated by the antagonistic activity index, which in most cases can be calculated. Antagonistic activity can be determined more precisely, for which it is necessary to choose the most suitable methods.
 Populations of bacteria, plants, animals any living species, getting into favorable conditions, increase their numbers exponentially. After some time, due to the excessive size of the population, the habitat is depleted and destroyed. There is an ecological crisis, during which the population is rapidly declining to a level lower than the degraded capacity of the environment. There is a collapse. If during the collapse of the environment is gradually restored, then the population increases. It is in the stabilization phase, and its number will fluctuate at a level set by the capacity of the environment. If not, the population is extinct.
 The antagonistic activity of the biocenosis associates can serve as an indicator of their transition to the “conditionally pathogenic pathogenic” line. An insignificant increase in S. γ-haemolyticus colonies with an increase in the intensity of caries forces us to pay more attention to the study of the cariogenic representative of this group of microorganisms.
 The data on antagonistic activity can be used in carrying out hygienic measures and in the use of methods of influencing the oral microbiocenosis in the treatment of caries. These data on antagonistic activity may have predictive value.

Роль здатності букальних епітеліоцитів до адгезії Candida albicans та впливу на неї регуляторних цитокінів у перебігу інфекційного процесу у хворих на кандидоз слизової оболонки верхнього відділу травного тракту

Роль букальних епітеліоцитів у розвитку кандидозу та їх взаємозв’язок із особливостями цитокінового балансу у хворих на кандидоз верхнього відділу травного тракту продовжує вивчатися й сьогодні. Мета дослідження. Вивчити рівні цитокінів інтерлейкіну‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑4, IL‑6, IL‑8 та фактору некрозу пухлини альфа (ФНП-α) у хворих гастроентерологічного профілю з кандидозом верхнього відділу травного тракту і порівняти отримані дані з показниками здатності букальних епітеліоцитів до адгезії референтного штаму Candida albicans залежно від глибини ураження слизової оболонки. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проведено на букальних епітеліоцитах від 66 пацієнтів, які за результатами мікробіологічного дослідження зскрібка з язика та біоптатів стравоходу і шлунка розподілені на три групи. Перша група (1) — 31 пацієнт із орофарингеальним кандидозом і поверхневим ростом грибів у біоптатах, із них 1А підгрупа — 8 осіб із поверхневим ростом, друга група (2) — 25 хворих із інвазією грибів у слизову оболонку, третя група (3) — 10 осіб без орофарингеального кандидозу та без росту грибів. Результати. Показано, що середнє значення індексу адгезії букальних епітеліоцитів було у 1,3 і 1,6 раза вищим у 2 групі порівняно з 1 групою та 1А підгрупою (р < 0,05 і р < 0,05 відповідно). В обстежених пацієнтів значно знижений рівень IL‑4 (р < 0,001), на фоні якого у 1 і 2 групах спостерігається істотне підвищення рівня IL‑8 (р < 0,01 і р < 0,001), та у 1 групі — IL‑1β (р < 0,05). Пацієнтів 1А підгрупи відрізняє значно вищий рівень IL‑6 та ФНП-α порівняно із 2 групою (р < 0,05 і р < 0,05 відповідно). Підвищення здатності букальних епітеліоцитів до адгезії Candida albicans знаходиться у прямому кореляційному зв’язку з рівнем IL‑8 та у зворотному — з рівнем IL‑4, а залежно від глибини ураження слизової оболонки має різноспрямований зв’язок із IL‑6 та ФНП-α. Висновки. Характер перебігу інфекційного процесу залежить від здатності букальних епітеліоцитів хворих до адгезії Candida albicans, що пов’язана з особливостями у цитокіновому статусі пацієнтів.

Biofilm Formation Capability of Clinical Helicobacter pylori Isolates on MKN-45 Cells

Background: In vitro biofilm formation of H. pylori is demonstrated; however, its potential role in the persistent infection of the human stomach has not yet been addressed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the biofilm formation of clinical H. pylori isolates on an epithelial cell line, a line that produces mucin. Methods: H. pylori isolates consisting of an efficient (19B) and a weak (4B) biofilm formation ability, were selected from screening of the clinical isolates. Their adhesion index was determined after 2h incubation with the semi-confluent monolayers of MKN-45 cells. Their biofilm formation was evaluated after 24 and 72 h incubation with MKN-45 cells using a modified adherence assay developed in this work. Production of biofilm was quantitatively assessed by CFU enumeration and qualitatively by the immunofluorescence, and scanning-electron-microscopic (SEM) methods. Due to the importance of mucin in the binding of H. pylori and biofilm formation, the binding strength of the mucin binding protein, MUC5AC, and MUC1 with docking was investigated using cluspro webserver. Results: Using MKN-45 epithelial cell line as a model, significant differences were observed between the adhesion index of 19B and 4B isolates. After 24h, both isolates were able to form biofilms with significantly higher numbers of CFU for the 19B isolate. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence and SEM such that after 24h, a cluster of coccoid bacteria on the MKN-45 cells in the form of microcolonies was observed. The docking results showed that MUC5AC demonstrated the most favorable interaction with H. pylori urease and BabA with docking energy scores of -931.1 and -906.3 kcal.mol-1, respectively. Conclusions: By developing an appropriate in situ biofilm assay, we investigated biofilm formation by clinical H. pylori isolates on the MKN-45 epithelial cell line. The establishment of such an in-situ model for studying the biofilm formation ability of clinical isolates can also be used to study cell-bacteria interactions in the context of a complex biofilm and also as a model for drug screening applications.

Adhesive Performance of Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives from Different Preparation Processes.

A series of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) was prepared using a constant monomeric composition and different preparation processes to investigate the best combination to obtain the best balance between peel resistance, tack, and shear resistance. The monomeric composition was a 1:1 combination of two different water-based acrylic polymers—one with a high shear resistance (A) and the other with a high peel resistance and tack (B). Two different strategies were applied to prepare the adhesives: physical blending of polymers A and B and in situ emulsion polymerization of A + B, either in one or two steps; in this last case, by polymerizing A or B first. To characterize the polymer, the average particle size and viscosity were analyzed. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble polymer fraction was used to calculate the gel content, and the soluble part was used to determine the average sol molecular weight by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The adhesive performance was assessed by measuring tack as well as peel and shear resistance. The mechanical properties were obtained by calculating the shear modulus and determination of maximum stress and the deformation energy. Moreover, an adhesive performance index (API) was designed to determine which samples are closest to the requirements demanded by the self-adhesive label market.

Photocurable Epoxy Acrylate Coatings Preparation by Dual Cationic and Radical Photocrosslinking

In this work, epoxy acrylate resin (EA) based on the industrial-grade bisphenol A-based epoxy resin (Ep6) and acrylic acid (AA) has been synthesized in order to develop hybrid resin comprising both epoxide group and reactive, terminal unsaturation. Obtained epoxy acrylate prepolymer was employed to formulate photocurable coating compositions containing, besides the EA binder, also cationic or radical photoinitiators. Hence, when cationic photoinitiators were applied, polyether-type polymer chains with pending acrylate groups were formed. In the case of free radical polymerization, epoxy acrylates certainly formed a polyacrylate backbone with pending epoxy groups. Owing to the presence of both epoxy and double carbon–carbon pendant groups, the reaction product exhibits photocrosslinking via two distinct mechanisms: (i) cationic ring-opening polymerization and (ii) free radical polymerization. Therefore, photopolymerization behavior of synthetized hybrid resin with various photoinitiators was determined via photo-differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC) and real-time infrared spectroscopy (RT-IR) methods, and properties of cured coatings were investigated. The performance of the following type of photoinitiators was tested in the cationic photopolymerization: diaryliodonium cations or triarylsulfonium cations, and the following type of photoinitiators were used to induce free radical photopolymerization: α-hydroxyketones, acylphosphine oxides, and their mixtures. Lastly, the basic physicomechanical properties of cured coatings, such as tack-free time, hardness, adhesion, gloss, and yellowness index, were evaluated. Some structural factors and parameters of cationic and radical photoinitiators and photopolymerization mechanisms affecting the epoxy acrylate hybrid coatings performance are discussed.

Evaluation of the biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable vascular grafts of various polymer composition with atrombogenic and antimicrobial drug coating

Creation of vascular grafts with atrombogenic and antimicrobial coating is a very important area.Objective: to evaluate the biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable vascular grafts of various polymer compositions with atrombogenic and antimicrobial drug coating.Materials and methods. Modification of the surface of the biodegradable vascular grafts was performed through complexation with polyvinylpyrrolidone, which was polymerized with polymer scaffold surface by means of ionizing radiation at 10 and 15 kGy. Physical and mechanical properties, as well as hemocompatibility were evaluated. Bacteriological studies were carried out using test strains of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae spp. ozaena No. 5055, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Proteus mirabillis ATCC3177, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results. There was no influence of modifying manipulations with ionizing radiation on the physical and mechanical characteristics of biodegradable prostheses. Vascular grafts with atrombogenic and antimicrobial coatings exhibited atrombogenic properties upon contact with blood, reducing platelet aggregation by 5–7 times (p < 0.05). Also decrease in adhesion and platelets deformation index was found on the surface of drug-eluting scaffolds (for PCL-based prostheses, the latter decreased by 1.9 times relative to unmodified counterparts (p < 0.05), for PHBV/PCL-based prostheses – by 1.3 times relative to unmodified counterparts and 1.5 times relative to scaffolds with polyvinylpyrrolidone (p < 0.05). Bacteriological studies revealed a local inhibitory effect in the place where scaffolds with cationic amphiphile were applied on agar. No growth retardation zones were identified. Polymeric composition of the scaffolds and the used dose of ionizing radiation did not lead to a difference in the bacteriostatic properties of the scaffolds with amphiphile.Conclusion. A full cycle of surface modification of biodegradable polymer prostheses based on both PCL and РHBV/PCL composition resulted in significant increase in the atrombogenic and antimicrobial properties of prostheses and did not worsen the physical-mechanical and biocompatible properties of the structures being developed.

Correlation Between Levels of Interleukin-6 in Peritoneal Fluid With Degree of Pain, Adhesion, and Endometriosis Fertility Index Score in Endometriosis

Introduction : Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Several theories have been proposed to explain the occurrence of endometriosis, one of which is the theory of inflammation. Endometriosis lesions can produce inflammatory cytokines, resulting in their increased levels in the peritoneal fluid. This process causes disruption in pelvic anatomy, ovarian function, prostaglandin production and growth factor production that causes pain, adhesions and infertility. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important and potential inflammatory cytokine in assisting the diagnosis of endometriosis. These cytokines act as activating macrophages that can stimulate endometrial cell proliferation and modulate the secretion of other cytokines such as IL-10, IL-13 and TNF-α which augments the inflammatory process. High levels of IL-6 in the peritoneum are relatedto advanced endometriosis associated with pain, severe pelvic adhesions and embryotoxic effects leading to infertility. The effect of IL-6, both local and systemic, on the growth of endometriosis lesions and its associated symptoms is great that this cytokine is considered an important marker.Objective : This study aims to determine the relationship between local inflammatory factors (IL-6 in peritoneal fluid) obtained during laparoscopy with the degree of pain, the degree of adhesions and the correlation with the Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI) score in endometriosis patients.Material and methods : This is a quantitative analytic research with a cross sectional study design which was conducted on 22 patients with endometriosis. Prior to the laparoscopy, historical factor (EFI score) was recorded and an assessment of the pain scale was performed by filling out a questionnaire. Intraoperatively, the peritoneal fluid was obtained. If the peritoneal fluid was found, it was taken directly with a volume of 3-5 cc using 10 cc syringe. If no fluid was found, peritoneal rinsing was performed using 0.9% NaCl fluid, then 3-5 cc fluid was aspirated using a 10 cc syringe. Subsequently, an examination was carried out using the RayBio Human IL-6 ELISA Kit. During the laparoscopy procedure, the degree of adhesion of the pelvic organs was assessed by looking at the shape and how the adhesions can be separated. Surgical factor (EFI score) was assessed intraoperatively to obtain data for the least function score, AFS endometriosis score and AFS total score. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t test and correlation test.Results : The mean age of the respondents was 34.86 ± 6.11 years, 81.8% were nulliparous, 100% were married, 100% experienced both primary and secondary infertility and 81.8% had no prior pregnancy history. In the study, it was found that IL-6 levels of peritoneal fluid were higher in patients with the degree of severe pain (P <0.05) compared to moderate with the results of 32.58 ± 7.31 pg/ml and 25.39 ± 2.70 pg/ml. IL-6 levels were found to be higher in grade three adhesions than grade two (P <0.05) with results of 32.78 ± 6.65 pg/ml and 23.86 ± 2.18 pg/ml. The mean peritoneal fluid IL-6 levels were 30.75 ± 7.01 pg/ml and the mean EFI score was 4.09 ± 2.09. The correlation of IL-6 levels in peritoneal fluid with EFI score showed a value of r = -0.448 which had moderate strength and a negative pattern, indicating that the higher the IL-6 level of peritoneal fluid, the lower the EFI score (P <0.05).Conclusion : There is a relationship between IL-6 levels of peritoneal fluid in endometriosis with the degree of pain and the degree of adhesion, where IL-6 levels were found to be higher in the degree of severe than moderate pain (P <0.05), higher in third degree adhesions than second degree ( P <0.05). There was a correlation between IL-6 levels of peritoneal fluid with EFI score (P <0.05) with a negative pattern of moderate strength analysis results (r = -0.448).Keywords: Endometriosis, Interleukin-6, Degree of Pain, Degree of Adhesion, Endometriosis Fertility Index Score

Effect of Propolis on the Adhesion Index, Morphology and Viability of Candida albicans Cells on Biofilm Formation

About 70-75% of reproductive women have experienced vulvovaginal candidiasis at least once and 40-45% will have recurrences. Candida albicans is the most etiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis and is able to form biofilm that can lead to antifungal resistances and recurrences. One of the natural products that have an antibiofilm effect is propolis. This study expected that propolis from Lawang can be the one of antibiofilm agent candidates to antifungi resistant cases. This study aimed to know the antibiofilm effect of propolis ethanol extract to cell adhesion index, morphology, and viability of Candida albicans cell on biofilm formation. The adhesion index was counted on 100 epithelial cells under light microscopy (1000x). Morphology was seen using light microscopy (400x). Cell viability was examined by CFU assay. At 12.5% concentration of propolis ethanol extract, adhesion index decreased (p=0,000) and hyphal growth was inhibited. Colony growth decreased at 2.5% concentration and was not seen at 10% concentration of propolis ethanol extract (p=0,000). This results indicated that propolis ethanol extract can decrease adhesion index, failed the Candida albicans morphology transition from yeast to hyphal, and decreased Candida albicans cell viability on biofilm formation. Propolis ethanol extract is likely to be one of alternatives to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment, especially caused by Candida albicans biofilm formation.

Effect of Propolis on the Adhesion Index, Morphology and Viability of Candida albicans Cells on Biofilm Formation

About 70-75% of reproductive women have experienced vulvovaginal candidiasis at least once and 40-45% will have recurrences. Candida albicans is the most etiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis and is able to form biofilm that can lead to antifungal resistances and recurrences. One of the natural products that have an antibiofilm effect is propolis. This study expected that propolis from Lawang can be the one of antibiofilm agent candidates to antifungi resistant cases. This study aimed to know the antibiofilm effect of propolis ethanol extract to cell adhesion index, morphology, and viability of Candida albicans cell on biofilm formation. The adhesion index was counted on 100 epithelial cells under light microscopy (1000x). Morphology was seen using light microscopy (400x). Cell viability was examined by CFU assay. At 12.5% concentration of propolis ethanol extract, adhesion index decreased (p=0,000) and hyphal growth was inhibited. Colony growth decreased at 2.5% concentration and was not seen at 10% concentration of propolis ethanol extract (p=0,000). This results indicated that propolis ethanol extract can decrease adhesion index, failed the Candida albicans morphology transition from yeast to hyphal, and decreased Candida albicans cell viability on biofilm formation. Propolis ethanol extract is likely to be one of alternatives to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment, especially caused by Candida albicans biofilm formation.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADHESIVE AND FILM-FORMING PROPERTIES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. - PATHOGENS OF INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN SOFT TISSUES OF JAW AND FACIAL AREA

The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between film-forming and adhesive properties of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. Materials and methods. The study included 20 clinical isolates of S. aureus and 10 isolates of S. epidermidis obtained from purulent exudates in patients with infectious inflammatory diseases of soft maxillofacial tissues. Cultivation of these isolates was performed according to standard methods. The assessment of the adhesive properties of the clinical isolates of microorganisms under the study was performed using the standard method of V. I. Brillis et al. Adhesive properties were evaluated by the index of microorganism adhesion. The study of the film-forming property of clinical isolates was performed using the spectrophotometric method of MtP-test "microtiter plate test" by G.D. Christensen. The correlation coefficient (r-Pearson) was applied to determine the relationship between the variables. Results. Clinical strains of S. aureus have been found to possess high adhesive and film-forming properties. In turn, index of adhesion of clinical isolates of S. epidermidis indicates the moderate adhesive properties of the pathogen. Moreover, S. epidermidis showed a moderate ability to form biofilms. The study had shown a close relationship between the adhesion and film formation in clinical isolates of the genus Staphylococcus. Conclusions. Clinical isolates of S. aureus have been found to have high adhesive and film-forming properties. Isolates of S. epidermidis show a moderate ability to adhere and form biofilms. There is a direct strong correlation between the adhesive and film-forming properties of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus.

Calculation of reinforcement to concrete adhesion in reinforced concrete elements

A model and method for calculating of reinforcement to concrete adhesion in reinforced concrete elements have been developed. The basic parameters by means of which it is possible to control interaction of reinforcement with concrete at any stage of a reinforced concrete element deformation are defined. These parameters are associated with the processes of formation and development of normal cracks. A criterion is proposed by which it is possible to determine the adhesion forces of a reinforcing rod with concrete along its conditional cylindrical surface and to estimate, thus, the degree of violation of their interaction. It is recommended to calculate the specified efforts in the simplest way: by means of average stresses of reinforcement with concrete adhesion on sites between adjacent cracks. It is statistically substantiated that the function of these stresses is nonlinear with respect to normal stresses in the reinforcement. An analytical dependence is proposed to calculate the coefficient taking into account the profile of the reinforcement (its adhesion index to concrete).

Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) gut derived Bacillus safensis SDG14 with enhanced probiotic competence for food and feed applications

Probiotics are considered as functional food as they provide health benefits along with traditional nutrition. Spore forming probiotic Bacillus are of commercial interest than Lactic Acid Bacillus due to their relatively lower cost of production and higher survivability. In the present study we identified the bacterial strain SDG14 isolated from Indian oil Sardine by Average Nucleotide Identity of whole genome sequence. The whole genome of SDG14 was also explored for pathogenicity, the presence of genes responsible for probiotic traits such as spore formation, resistance to host gastrointestinal tract conditions, adhesion to intestinal mucosa, interference in pathogen survival, expression of bacteriocins, oxidative and other stress responses, absorption of nutrition, production of essential amino acids and vitamins. Wet lab experiments for probiotic characterization were also conducted. The organism was confirmed to be Bacillus safensis SDG14. The possible pathogenicity of the organism was also ruled out by in silico analysis. Bacillus safensis SDG14 was able to survive at pH 3 and bile salt concentration of 0.5% (w/v). The adhesion index of Bacillus safensis SDG14 on HEp-2 was 36.82 ± 5.93 and 45.54 ± 9.55 respectively after 60 and 90 min of incubation and self aggregation percentage was 18.4 ± 0.48% after 3 h. Bacillus safensis SDG14 produced bacteriocin and co-aggregated with E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The genomic data supported the findings of wet lab study and vice versa. Bacillus safensis SDG14 was proved to be a non-pathogenic, spore forming, pH and bile salt resistant, bacteriocin, amino acid and vitamin producing probiotic with proposed food and feed applications.

Novel Multifunctional Epoxy (Meth)Acrylate Resins and Coatings Preparation via Cationic and Free-Radical Photopolymerization.

In this work, a series of novel multifunctional epoxy (meth)acrylate resins based on a low-viscosity aliphatic triepoxide triglycidyl ether of trimethylolethane (TMETGE) and acrylic acid (AA) or methacrylic acid (MMA) have been synthesized. Thanks to the performed modification, the obtained prepolymers have both epoxides as well as carbon–carbon double bonds and differ in their amount. The obtained results indicate that the carboxyl-epoxide addition esterification occurs in the presence of a catalyst (triphenylphosphine) at a temperature of 90 °C, whilst the required degree of conversion can be achieved simply by varying both the reagents ratio and reaction time. The structure of synthesized copolymers was confirmed by spectroscopic analyses (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and studied regarding its nonvolatile matter content (NV), acid value (PAVs), as well as its epoxy equivalent value (EE). Due to the presence of both epoxy and double carbon–carbon pendant groups, one can apply two distinct mechanisms: (i) cationic ring-opening polymerization or (ii) free-radical polymerization to crosslink polymer chains. Synthesized epoxy (meth)acrylate prepolymers were further employed to formulate photocurable coating compositions. Hence, when cationic photoinitiators were applied, polyether-type polymer chains with pending acrylate or methacrylate groups were formed. In the case of free-radical polymerization, epoxy (meth)acrylates certainly formed a poly(meth)acrylate backbone with pending epoxy groups. Further, photopolymerization behavior and properties of cured coatings were investigated regarding some structural factors and parameters. Moreover, reaction rate coefficients of photo-cross-linking by both cationic ring-opening and free-radical photopolymerization of the received epoxy (meth)acrylate resins were determined via real-time infrared spectroscopy (RT-IR). Lastly, basic physicomechanical properties, such as tack-free time, hardness, adhesion, gloss, and yellowness index of cured coatings, were evaluated.

Effectiveness of two rehabilitation treatments in the modulation of inflammation during the acute phase in patients with knee prostheses and assessment of the role of the diet in determining post-surgical inflammation

Clinical trial numberNCT04580069. BackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty is associated with an elevated inflammatory response both at a local and systemic level. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of lymphatic drainage and connective tissue techniques in modulating systemic inflammation. Another objective is to evaluate the existence, at baseline, of a correlation between the inflammation indices and the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Methods34 patients were recruited, and divided into three groups. The control group followed the normal rehabilitation protocol. The other two groups were subjected, in addition to the standard treatment, to manual lymphatic drainage treatment or connective tissue techniques. The outcomes were recorded in three stages: upon entering the hospital, 1 week after entry and at follow-up 21 days after surgery. ResultsThe results of the study showed that both methods, compared with the standard treatment only, positively influenced the final outcomes. In regard to the systemic inflammation, lymphatic drainage and connective techniques showed equal efficacy and similar timing in modulating ESR, while they differ in how they affect CRP. With regard to the local inflammation, the effectiveness of both methods was confirmed with some differences in the location. Finally, analysis of the correlation between inflammatory T0 indices and adherence to the Mediterranean diet showed that patients with higher adhesion index have on average lower PCR, EDO and EDU values. ConclusionsThe post-surgical inflammatory pattern can be positively modified by the rehabilitation methods analyzed, albeit with different methodologies and timing.The influence of the diet on inflammatory parameters, although less evident, seems to show encouraging results worth of further studies.

Investigating the Efficacy of Biocides Used in Tanta University Hospitals on Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence of Bacterial Isolates: Thesis Abstract

Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotic is a serious challenge. There is a need to study the impact of biocides on the emergence of this resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 samples including 600 clinical samples compromising urine (58), blood (166), sputum (247), stool (36), and wound pus (93) plus 400 environmental samples were collected from different departments of Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt. All samples were cultured on nutrient agar, then stained by Gram stain and examined microscopically. Gram negative (n=485) and Gram-positive bacteria (n=115) were subjected to biochemical identification and then confirmed by culture on Hi chrome agar medium. The susceptibility of all the recovered bacterial isolates (n=600) to different antibiotics and different biocides (BAC, TCS, phenol, hydrogen peroxide, chlorohexidine and citric acid) was performed using agar dilution and broth dilution methods, respectively. Results: The increase in antibiotics MICs was relatively more pronounced in Escherichia coli (n=78), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=50), Proteus mirabilis (n=31) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) isolates after adaptation to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and triclosan (TCS). After adaptation, multiple observations were recorded: 1) BAC and TCS significantly increased (p˂ 0.05) efflux activity in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively; 2) marked increases in the expression of the efflux pump genes acrB and yihV, mdfA; and norE genes; 3) significant decreases in the membrane integrity and permeability; 4) morphological modifications ranged from deformed cells, with individual bumps, grooves, ridges, and cavities, to overall cell surface wrinkling; 5) increases in the average adhesion index; and 6) increases in the HI and in intI and intII genes were detected in the tested isolates. Conclusion: There is a potential of certain biocides to contribute in the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This might have a role in the detection of the relatively high percentage of the multidrug resistant bacterial isolates in the present work.

Formation of adhesions after cesarean section

Purpose. To assess the frequency of adhesions after cesarean section and to investigate the prevalence and location of pelvic adhesions in women with a history of cesarean section.Materials and methods. In total, the study included 390 patients who underwent a caesarean section at the 1st Clinical Medical Center in Baku, Azerbaijan in the period from January 2013 to January 2015. We studied 30 cases of primary CS surgery and 360 cases of repeated CS operations. We used 3 classifications to assess adhesions: the peritoneal adhesion index (PAI), the classification of the adhesive process according to T. Tulandi and the general classification of the prevalence of adhesions, the degree and severity of adhesions were assessed prospectively.

Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Gene of Vibrio cholerae Isolated

Vibrio cholerae is the factor of cholera disease in human and it has been becoming a serious problem in human health. This study was conducted to identify the genetic characteristics and antibiotic resistance of V. cholerae isolated in Tra Vinh Province. From the results, twenty-five (25) Vibrio spp. were isolated, including 6 strains of Vibrio (V.) cholerae (24%), 8 strains of V. paraheamolyticus (32%), 4 strains of V. vulnificus (16%), 5 strains of V. fluvialis (20%), and 2 strains of V. alginolyticus (8%). The serogroup results showed that all the 6 V. cholerae belonged to serogroup O1, with 50% positive to serotype Inaba, and 50% positive to Ogawa. No strain belonged to serogroup O139. The results also showed that 50% of V. cholerae were resistant to streptomycin and 33% were resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Two of the 6 strains had an antibiotic resistance gene (gene tetA) encoding for a tetracycline-resistant factor. Gene blaSHV, gene aac(3)-IV and gene dhfrI encoding for β-lactam, aminoglycoside, trimethoprim resistant factors were not detected. Additionally, the results showed that adhesion indexes of V. cholerae strains T1 and T3 in the intestinal mucosa of rabbits shared the same antigens with the bacteria used to produce cholera vaccine (mORCVAX) available in Vietnam. V. cholerae was prevalent in the environment and clams in Tra Vinh province. Information from this research may be useful for further studies.