Adhesive Index Research Articles

The Likelihood of Adhesive Bowel Obstruction after Appendectomy.

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of patients who were operated on for acute adhesive bowel obstruction and had a history of only appendectomy, and to identify risk factors for the development of acute adhesive bowel obstruction based on this frequently encountered surgical condition. A retrospective study was conducted on 84 patients, all of whom were operated on for acute adhesive bowel obstruction, had a history of appendectomy only, and were over 18 years old. The study period was from 2020 to 2024. The following statistical data were collected: gender, age at the time of surgery for acute adhesive bowel obstruction, method of surgical access during appendectomy, method of processing the stump of the vermiform appendix, duration of hospitalization, histological features of acute appendicitis, complications of acute appendicitis, time from appendectomy to surgery for acute adhesive bowel obstruction, data on the prevalence of the adhesive process using the peritoneal adhesion index, and the presence of purulent complications of wounds after appendectomy. Signs of early acute adhesive intestinal obstruction were observed in 21 patients, 8 of whom were resolved conservatively. The conservative treatment consisted of infusion therapy, intestinal stimulation by intramuscular injection of neostigmine methylsulfate, and cleansing enemas with a hypertonic solution. The study showed that the likelihood of developing adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity is more frequent after complicated forms of acute appendicitis due to late diagnosis, general purulent peritonitis, and open surgical approaches to appendectomy.

Effects of Several Bile Acids on the Production of Virulence Factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The presence of bile acids in the cystic fibrosis patient’s lungs contributes to an increase in the inflammatory response, in the dominance of pathogens, as well as in the decline in lung function, increasing morbidity. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to primary and secondary bile acids on the production of several virulence factors which are involved in its pathogenic power. The presence of bile acids in the bacterial culture medium had no effect on growth up to a concentration of 1 mM. However, a slight decrease in the adhesion index as well as a reduction in the virulence of the bacteria on the HT29 cell line could be observed. In this model, exposure of P. aeruginosa to bile acids showed a significant decrease in the production of LasB and AprA proteases due to the reduction in the expression of their genes. A decrease in pyocyanin production was also observed in relation to the effects of bile acids on the quorum sensing regulators. In order to have an effect on gene expression, it is necessary for bile acids to enter the bacteria. P. aeruginosa harbors two potential homologs of the eukaryotic genes encoding the bile acid transporters NTCP1 and NTCP2 that are expressed in hepatocytes and enterocytes, respectively. By carrying out a comparative BLAST-P between the amino acid sequences of the PAO1 proteins and those of NTCP1 and NTCP2, we identified the products of the PA1650 and PA3264 genes as the unique homologs of the two eukaryotic genes. Exposure of the mutant in the PA1650 gene to chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) showed a less significant effect on pyocyanin production than with the isogenic PAO1 strain. Also, no effect of CDCA on the PA3264 gene mutant was observed. This result indicated that CDCA should enter the bacteria by the transporter produced by this gene. The entry of LCA into bacteria seemed more complex and rather responded to a multifactorial system involving the product of the PA1650 gene but also the products of other genes encoding potential transporters.

АДГЕЗИВНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ К СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ ДЛЯ 3D ПЕЧАТИ И ВАКУУМНОЙ ФОРМОВКИ

Relevance: The adhesive activity of the oral microbiome to new generation materials is the subject of study by the global medical community, and the issue of choosing structural materials is still being discussed in the scientific community and is of a controversial nature. Objective: To study the adhesion of representatives of the oral microbiome to samples of modern dental materials under experimental conditions (in vitro). Materials and methods: Samples of photopolymer resins for 3D printing: Dental Crown LCD, Dental Sand A1-A2, Dental Clear Pro, (n=30), (1-3 groups), thermoforming plates for vacuum forming: EV Gasket Bleaching 080, Bioplast multicolor 3.0*123 mm, Bioplast color 3.0*125 mm (n=30), (groups 4-6); clinical isolates of the microbiome as test strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus oralis, Neisseria subflava, Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans (n=5). Research methods: experimental, microbiological, cultural, analytical and statistical. Results: The degree of adhesion of representatives of the oral microbiome to the studied structural materials is in the range from 0 to 4.91 (Ia) and depends on both the species composition of the microbiome and the physico-chemical properties of the materials. The high adhesion index for all microbiota groups was noted for vacuum forming materials (4.91), and the lowest was Dental Crown LCD (0), which makes it possible to recommend it for practical use. Conclusions: The choice of structural material should be made, including taking into account the adhesive activity of the oral microbiome in order to reduce the risk of complications. It is recommended to give preference to materials with a low adhesive activity index.

The influence of professional oral hygiene on the indicators of local immunity

Professional oral hygiene is an important part of measures aimed at preventing and maintaining the patient’s health. Local immune response is the first barrier of immune protection capable of preventing infection diseases. The aim of the study - the influence of professional hygiene on the indicators of local immunity has been studied. The study involved two groups of patients: the first group included 19 individuals with chronic caries of varying depths (class I), and the second group comprised 15 individuals with moderate periodontal disease. To evaluate nonspecific oral protection, the index of natural colonization of the buccal epithelium and the activity of microbial adsorption by oral mucosal cells were assessed. Specific immunity was evaluated by measuring the concentration of immunoglobulins in unstimulated saliva. All indicators were recorded both before and after professional oral hygiene procedures. When studying the index of natural colonization of the buccal epithelium, it was found that professional cleaning in both groups led to normalization of the spectrum of bacteria adhered to the epithelium: there was a decrease in the amount of gram-negative microflora, atypical for this biotope, while maintaining a high adhesion index of gram-positive cocci. In persons with caries, before sanation, “unsatisfactory” resistance of oral mucosa was revealed in a third of the examined, after sanation, the number of such patients decreased by 3 times, with “satisfactory” resistance increased by 2 times. In the group with periodontal disease, all patients exhibited “unsatisfactory” mucosal resistance before the hygiene procedures. After sanitation, 20 % “unsatisfactory” resistance persisted. In the majority of patients (80 %), the resistance of the oral mucosa improved to “satisfactory”. The concentration of all classes of immunoglobulins in both groups before sanitation was significantly below the norm, after the measures taken, the indicators increased significantly and reached the level typical for healthy individuals. Carrying out professional cleaning of the teeth leads to the normalization of local immune status even without additional medical immunocorrection.

Прогнозування післяопераційної спайкової кишкової непрохідності та її рецидиву в дітей

It is known that the expressiveness of the adhesion process (AP) depends on the individual characteristics of the connective tissue metabolism. In recent years, the role of acetylation processes in predicting pathological adhesion formation has been actively studied. A genetically determined fast type of acetylation is an unfavorable background for the development of peritoneal adhesion disease (PAD). Aim - to study the effectiveness of predicting postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction (AIO) and its recurrence in children based on determining the acetylation phenotype (APh). Materials and methods. In order to reveal the prognostic value of the acetylation phenotype in the formation of postoperative (AIO), we studied the activity of acetylation in 30 children aged 4-16 years, operated on for appendicular peritonitis (the main group). The control group consisted of 30 somatically healthy children. In addition, a study of APh was conducted in 42 children aged 3-17 years, who underwent surgery for postoperative AIO, to study the informativeness of this test as a prognostic factor for AIO recurrence. APh was established in children by determining the biochemical activity of the enzyme N-acetyltransferase (NAT). Results. It was established that in children operated on for appendicular peritonitis, in which postoperative AIO occurred, rapid acetylation phenotype (RAP) prevailed (57.14% of children), and in children without signs of AIO, RAP was detected in only one case (6.25%). Among the children operated on for postoperative AIO, the proportion of patients with RAP was even higher (63.64%). Opposite results were noted regarding slow acetylation phenotype (SAP). Among children with recurrent AIO, RAP was detected in 57.14% of cases, and among patients without relapse RAP was diagnosed in 25.0% of children. The opposite pattern was observed in patients with SAP. A direct correlative relationship between NAT activity and the value of the peritoneal adhesion index (PAI) was noted - the higher level of NAT activity, the higher PAI. Conclusions. Determination of APh in children based on the biochemical activity of the NAT enzyme allows to establish the degree of risk of AIO. AIO and its recurrence are significantly more common in patients with RAP. Detection of RAP in a patient can serve as a prognostic criterion for the severity of AP. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all institutions mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the women was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ride Test on Vehicles Travelling Over Speed Bumps: Simulation with CarSim Software

This study explores the effects of different speed bump geometries—flat-topped, sinusoidal, and parabolic—on vehicle dynamics and ride comfort using CarSim simulations. The analysis focuses on key parameters such as vertical forces on the suspension, vertical acceleration, and the wheel surface adhesion index. The results show that flat-topped bumps generate the highest vertical forces, reaching peaks of up to 6,000 N on the front suspension, leading to increased discomfort. Sinusoidal bumps, in contrast, generate smoother transitions, with vertical forces peaking at approximately 3,500 N, improving ride comfort. At vehicle speeds of 30 km/h, the vertical forces on the suspension increase significantly, with flat-topped bumps reducing the wheel surface adhesion index to as low as 0.6, indicating a higher risk of wheel slip and compromised vehicle stability. In contrast, sinusoidal bumps maintain a more favorable adhesion index of 0.85 at similar speeds. These reductions in adhesion elevate the risk of loss of control, especially at higher speeds. The findings suggest that adaptive suspension systems, capable of adjusting damping and stiffness based on the bump geometry and vehicle speed, would enhance ride quality and stability. Additionally, smoother bump designs, such as sinusoidal profiles, are recommended to reduce the impact on vehicle dynamics, particularly in urban environments. These insights contribute to improving both vehicle design and road safety, ensuring safer and more comfortable driving experiences.

Evaluation of Mechanical and Elemental Properties of Bioceramic-Coated Orthodontic Brackets and Enamel Surface.

The aim is to coat orthodontic brackets with two different bioactive materials and to compare the mechanical and morphological properties of coated brackets and tooth surfaces. A total of 120 stainless steel brackets were divided equally into three groups, that is, the uncoated brackets and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA)-coated, and nanobioactive glass (nBG)-coated brackets using a spin coater machine. The brackets were bonded on the enamel surface and underwent remineralization/demineralization cycles for days 1, 7, 14, and 30. At each time interval, the bond strength of the brackets was assessed using mechanical loading. An optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for surface evaluation, and the adhesive remanent index (ARI) values were obtained and quantified. One-way analysis of variance using Tukey's test was used to compare the differences among the groups. A uniform distribution of nanoparticles occurred on the surfaces of brackets. The shear bond strength (SBS) showed no significant differences in any tested groups on days 1, 7, and 14. However, control and nBG showed a significant difference from nHA at day 30. On days 7, 14, and 30, the nHA group showed the highest SBS values among the groups. For ARI, most samples showed an adhesive nature of failure at the enamel-brackets interface. The images confirmed the presence of coated particles on brackets and remnants of adhesives after SBS. This study confirmed that the nHA- and nBG-coated brackets have a high potential for application in orthodontics regarding structural and mechanical properties.

Improving the physicochemical and sensory properties and volatile profile of goat ricotta cream with Limosilactobacillus mucosae CNPC007 supplementation

This study assessed the effects of the autochthonous strain Limosilactobacillus mucosae CNPC007 on the techno-functional characteristics, physicochemical properties, volatile profile, and sensory aspects of goat ricotta cream during refrigerated storage. Three cheese formulations were tested: CRC (without probiotic), RCLM (with L. mucosae CNPC007), and RCLA (with commercial probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5). L. mucosae CNPC007 influenced color, adhesiveness, lactose content, acidity, and proteolysis depth index in goat ricotta cream. RCLA and RCLM maintained a probiotic viable cell count >6 log CFU g−1. RCLM had the highest proteolysis depth index and free amino acid release. Seventeen distinct volatile compounds were identified in the formulations. Probiotic supplementation did not affect global acceptance or purchase intention. RCLA and RCLM were preferred over CRC in the ranking test and considered ideal for goat aroma in the JAR test. L. mucosae CNPC007 supplementation has the potential to improve the nutritional, functional, aromatic, and sensory aspects of goat ricotta cream.

Interfacial adhesion features of high-viscosity asphalt and aggregate under water conditioning: Micro perspective and molecular simulation

Interface properties between asphalt and aggregate intimately affect the service performance and long-term durability of asphalt pavement. This study seeks to explore the interfacial adhesion features of high-viscosity asphalt (HVA)-aggregate under water conditioning to provide the understanding for the moisture damage of HVA-aggregate interface and asphalt pavement. To this end, the HVA was initially suffered from different durations of water conditioning, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) test was employed to gather the microscopic phase structure and adhesion force of water-conditioned HVA and aggregate, to analyze the adhesion variations of HVA-aggregate interface. Further, molecular dynamics method was used to simulate the changing process and influencing mechanism of adhesion effect at the HVA-aggregate interface under water immersion. The findings indicated that with the increasing water immersion, Catana phase of HVAs vanished, and concave and convex structures appeared on the surface, along with pit groove dispersion phase structures. Longer immersion time resulted in augmented surface roughness of HVA and a more dispersed height distribution in the area domain, most notably during the initial stages of water immersion. Aging increased sensitivity to immersion duration in terms of surface roughness, mechanical properties and adhesion ability of HVAs. Water immersion had a diminishing effect on the mechanical properties of HVA at different aging degrees, although it increased the micro-mechanical modulus of HVAs and impaired the interface adhesion with aggregates. Under water immersion, the phase structure and mechanical properties of HVAs and the interface adhesion indexes all distinguished a prominent negative Pearson correlation (correlation coefficient |R| > 0.7000), and these factors were critical for HVA-aggregate interface adhesion, as alterations in surface phase structure and micro-mechanical traits of HVAs triggered variations in the HVA-aggregate interface adhesion. In addition, water content in the interface layer, simulation temperature and mineral anisotropy significantly affected the interfacial adhesion of HVA and aggregate in water environment. The introduction of water and the rise of temperature considerably weakened the interfacial adhesion effect of asphalt-aggregate system, and the interface adhesion failure occurred once the water layer thickness surpassed 5 Å. Comparatively, the HVA-calcite system demonstrated better interfacial adhesion competence than the HVA-α-quartz system, and the HVA-calcite {1 0 4} system showed the optimal interfacial adhesion.

Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength, Enamel Microfracture, and Adhesive Remnant Index of APC Flash-Free System Versus Traditional Bonding: An In-Vitro Study.

In orthodontics, shear bond strength plays an important role because it provides a good bond between the brackets and tooth surface; it avoids fracture of the tooth surface and prevents debonding of brackets from the tooth surface. All of these allow sufficient treatment time. Many factors, including the adhesive, its thickness, its strength, the bonding procedure, the clinician's ability, the base design, the geometry of the bracket, the material, and the kind of bracket all contribute to the shear bond strength. Brackets joined using conventional adhesive and adhesive pre-coated (APC) flash-free glue were the subjects of this comparison and evaluation research, which aimed to measure shear bond strength, enamel microfracture, and adhesive residual index. 60 recently removed premolars from humans were used in this investigation. Before mounting on the acrylic block, the teeth were meticulously cleaned and preserved in artificial saliva. Two groups were formed from the collected premolars the control group and the experimental group. For the control group, we used American Orthodontics (AO) Master/Mini Master series brackets glued with resin composite kits. To make sure the adhesive was uniformly thick, we flashed extra adhesive around the brackets. In the meantime, samples were bonded using 3M Unitek APC flash-free technology in the experimental group. The research indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups to the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and mean shear bond strength. The shear bond strength of the experimental group averaged 10.96 megapascals (MPa), whereas the control group's was 5.70 MPa. The control group's ARI score was 2.97, whereas the experimental group's score was 2.4. There was no statistically significant change seen in enamel microfracture. A more robust shear bond may be possible using APC flash-free brackets. Compared to conventional bonding techniques and brackets, APC flash-free brackets have a lower adhesive residual index. The APC flash-free bracket technology also causes more enamel microfracture than conventional bonding and bracketing methods.

Preparation and performance evaluation of a novel orthodontic adhesive incorporating composite dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate-Polycaprolactone fibers.

This study addressed enamel demineralization, a common complication in fixed orthodontic treatment, by evaluating a novel orthodontic adhesive with DMAHDM-PCL composite fibers. These fibers, produced through electrospinning, were incorporated into orthodontic adhesive to create experimental formulations at different concentrations and a control group. The study assessed antimicrobial properties, biosafety, and mechanical characteristics. New orthodontic adhesive exhibited significant bacteriostatic effects, reducing bacterial biofilm activity and concentrations. Incorporating 1% and 3% DMAHDM-PCL did not affect cytocompatibility. Animal tests confirmed no inflammatory irritation. Shear bond strength and adhesive residual index results indicated that antimicrobial fibers didn't impact bonding ability. In conclusion, orthodontic adhesives with 3% DMAHDM-PCL fibers are potential antimicrobial bonding materials, offering a comprehensive solution to enamel demineralization in orthodontic patients.

Количественная оценка антиадгезивного и антибактериального эффектов биологически активной добавки Уронекст® в отношении уропатогенов: микробиологическое исследование.

Introduction. Antibacterial drugs are the basis of pharmacotherapy of lower urinary tract infections (UTI), and there is a growing interest in alternative nonantibacterial methods of their treatment and prevention. Purpose of the study. Quantitative evaluation of the anti-adhesive and antibacterial effects of the dietary supplement «Uronext®» containing D-mannose, vitamin D3 and cranberry extract against uropathogens isolated from patients with recurrent UTI. Materials and Methods. 124 strains of uropathogens isolated from the urine of women with recurrent UTI were studied. At the first stage of the study we determined the sensitivity of microorganisms to Uronext dietary supplement. In its presence, uropathogens were the material for the second stage of the study, during which the minimum inhibitory concentration of «Uronext®», its effect on the adhesion index (AI) of uropathogens, as well as the degree and duration of antimicrobial activity were evaluated. Results. The direct antibacterial effect of «Uronext®» against 53.7% of Gram-negative and 51.7% – of Gram-positive microorganisms strains was revealed. A pronounced anti-adhesive effect of the investigated product was noted, especially against Gram-negative bacteria. The anti-adhesive effect of «Uronext®» was the greatest in the first 4 hours and lasted for the whole 24-hour observation period. The minimum inhibitory concentration of «Uronext®» for Gram-negative bacteria was 8 times lower than for Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial activity of «Uronext®» was manifested already 1 hour after the product was added to the cell culture, reached the highest value in 2 hours and remained at the maximum level during 5 hours of observation. The mentioned tendency was characteristic for all investigated microorganisms. Conclusion. The conducted study allowed to establish and quantitatively evaluate the expression of anti-adhesive and antibacterial action of the product «Uronext®» against the main uropathogens. The presence of these effects determines the pathogenetic validity of the prescription of the dietary supplement «Uronext®» to patients with recurrent UTI.

Effect of unilateral surface compression technique and heat treatment on industrial application performance of poplar

The utilization of unilateral surface compression technique offers significant advantages such as reduced volume loss of wood and energy consumption, making it highly promising for widespread applications. This work focused on fast-growing poplar (Ctrl) as research subject. The unilateral surface compression technique was employed to prepare compressed wood (USW), while superheated steam was utilized to suppress rebound effects (resulting in the formation of US＆HW). The results showed that the combination of densification and heat treatment technology significantly enhanced the application performance of wood. Compared to Ctrl, the densified area exhibited a significant reduction in the volume of cell cavities, with a stepped distribution evident on the VDP. Furthermore, heat treatment resulted in a decrease in the relative amount of hydroxyl in the wood, as well as a slight increase in crystallinity. This effectively reduced deformation in dense wood, resulting in a 20.02% reduction in its recovery rate, without causing excessive damage to the VDP. Additionally, Heat treatment resulted in a darker wood color, reduced glossiness, increased roughness, and further increase the water contact angle of the compressed wood. The mechanical performance of US＆HW achieved an excellent grade, with a score of 48, while all six processing performance grades of US＆HW exceeded Grade 3, surpassing those of both USW and Ctrl. The finishing performance of the US＆HW was good, although slightly lower than that of USW in terms of ball impact performance. And the adhesion, hardness and abrasion resistance indexes of the paint film meet the requirements of excellent products in the standard.

Обеспечение безопасного контроля радиационно-защитных свойств спецодежды пожарных

The radiation-protective clothes production to equip firefighters guarding nuclear power plants has been established in Russia. Special protective clothes were designed at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the supervision of Boris Benetsky (1933–2015). According to the state standard GOST R 53264—2019, the radiation-protective properties of special protective clothes are tested with gamma and beta rays in accordance with the methodology developed at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which ensures the radiation safety of the test. It is required to check the decontamination coefficient; however, this testing method is still hazardous due to the use of open-type radiation-hazardous substances. To ensure the safety of the test, the simulation method has been proposed based on the substitution of the hazardous substance with a safe dust-like pollutant, whereas the decontamination is to be assessed by the adhesion index. The adhesive tape method to assess the contamination of the surface is used. Two casts are taken from two sections of the tested surface before and after the treatment with a detergent. The images of the casts are converted into digital form via a scanner and then computer-processed by the specially designed GLASS application. The contamination of the casts depends on the amount of dust stuck. Upon the determination of the average contamination of each cast, data is obtained to calculate the adhesion index. The result of the test of the same material by simulation method differs from the standard method by 20 %.

Orthodontic adhesive loaded with different proportions of ZrO2 silver-doped nanoparticles: An in vitro μTBS, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and antimicrobial analysis.

Zirconium dioxide silver-doped nanoparticles (ZrO2AgDNPs) impacts the adhesive material in terms of its physical characteristics, antimicrobial properties, degree of conversion (DC), and micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface. A comprehensive methodological analysis utilizing a range of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, DC analysis, and μTBS testing. A light-curable orthodontic adhesive, specifically Transbond XT, was combined with ZrO2AgDNPs at 2.5% and 5%. As a control, an adhesive with no incorporation of ZrO2AgDNPs was also prepared. The tooth samples were divided into three groups based on the weightage of NPs: group 1: 0% ZrO2AgDNPs (control), group 2: 2.5 wt% ZrO2AgDNPs, and group 3: 5 wt% ZrO2AgDNPs. EDX graph demonstrated silver (Ag), Zirconium (Zr), and Oxygen (O2), The antibacterial efficacy of adhesives with different concentrations of NPs (0%, 2.5%, and 5%) was assessed using the pour plate method. The FTIR spectra were analyzed to identify peaks at 1607 cm-1 corresponding to aromatic CC bonds and the peaks at 1638 cm-1 indicating the presence of aliphatic CC bonds. The μTBS was assessed using universal testing machine (UTM) and bond failure of orthodontic brackets was seen using adhesive remanent index (ARI) analysis. Kruskal-Wallis test assessed the disparities in survival rates of Streptococcus mutans. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons test calculated μTBS values. The lowest μTBS was observed in group 1 adhesive loaded with 0% ZrO2AgDNPs (21.25 ± 1.22 MPa). Whereas, the highest μTBS was found in group 3 (26.19 ± 1.07 MPa) adhesive loaded with 5% ZrO2AgDNPs. ZrO2AgDNPs in orthodontic adhesive improved μTBS and has acceptable antibacterial activity against S mutans. ZrO2AgDNPs at 5% by weight can be used in orthodontic adhesive alternative to the conventional method of orthodontic adhesive for bracket bonding. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The highest μTBS was found in orthodontic adhesive loaded with 5% ZrO2AgDNPs. ARI analysis indicates that the majority of the failures fell between 0 and 1 among all investigated groups. The colony-forming unit count of S. mutans was significantly less in orthodontic adhesive loaded with nanoparticles compared with control. The 0% ZrO2AgDNPs adhesive showed the highest DC.

Investigation of adhesive shear strength of universal adhesives for fixing ceramic braces

Relevance. At the present stage, the choice of high-quality adhesive material is an important task of dentistry. The choice of the ideal adhesive material remains an urgent task to this day.The aim of the study was to study in laboratory conditions the adhesive shear strength for fixing ceramic braces of a universal adhesive system containing 3D-SR monomer (Universal Bond II (Tokuyama Dental)) and adhesive cement ESTECEM II PLUS (Tokuyama Dental) before and after thermal cycling, with and without the use of varnish.Materials and methods. For the preparation of samples, removed teeth without carious lesions and large fillings were used. Samples of 60 teeth were divided into 2 groups (n=30) with and without varnish. In each group, the adhesive shear strength was studied before and after thermal cycling (n=15). The following materials were used: two-component self-curing dental adhesive system Universal Bond II (Tokuyama Dental), varnish SHIELD FORCE PLUS (Tokuyama Dental), adhesive fixing cement double curing ESTECEM II PLUS (Tokuyama Dental). Tests of the adhesive shear strength of the prepared samples were carried out on a universal testing machine «SYNTHEZ 5» at a traverse speed of 5 mm/min according to the methodology of GOST R 56924-2016 (р. 7.15).Results. The adhesive strength index of the control group (before thermal cycling) was 4.33±1.28 MPa, in the main subgroup (after thermal cycling) 3.48±0.81 MPa. The presence of varnish on the enamel surface did not affect the adhesive strength of the bonding of the bracket system and tooth tissue and amounted to 4.50±0.25 MPa and 3.14±0.82 MPa, respectively (p= 0.0005).Conclusions. The presence of varnish on the enamel surface did not affect the adhesive strength of the connection of the bracket systems with tooth tissues in the control (before thermal cycling) and the main (after thermal cycling) subgroups (p≤ 0.05). The adhesive strength index in the control subgroups (before thermal cycling) and the main ones (after thermal cycling) of both groups differed slightly. Thermal cycling reduces the adhesive strength of braces with tooth tissues when using universal adhesive Universal Bond II (Tokuyama Dental) (p≤ 0.05).

Comparative analysis of the microbiological stability of modern polymers for the manufacture of removable prostheses

The aim of the study is to study the degree of adhesion of reference strains of microorganisms to the surface of modern polymer materials for the manufacture of removable prostheses. The primary and residual microbial adhesion of 4 types of polymers was studied: acrylic polymer (Villacryl H Plus), monomerless polymer (Vertex ThermoSens), photopolymers for additive manufacturing (Harz Labs Dental Denture Base, Harz Labs Dental Sand). C. albicans, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. mutans were used as reference strains. The analysis of the primary adhesion of C. albicans, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. mutans revealed statistically significant differences between the adhesion indices to the studied material samples. The minimal indices of primary and residual adhesion were noted for the photopolymers for additive manufacturing samples while monomerless polymer samples showed the highest adhesion index in all cases. The indicators of residual adhesion of the reference strains were extremely low. Photopolymers for additive manufacturing have a lower index of primary and residual microbial adhesion in comparison with acrylic and non-monomeric polymers. These materials are potentially inert from a microbiological point of view and can be recommended for the manufacture of removable prostheses.

Novel Root Conditioner Apple Cider Vinegar versus Citric Acid on Teeth with Periodontal Disease: A Pilot In-vitro SEM Analysis

Introduction: Root biomodification in periodontal therapy aims at removing the smear layer and enhances the clot stability necessary for periodontal regeneration. Citric Acid (CA), EDTA, fibronectin has been used routinely. But if used injudiciously acidic erosion of the periodontal tissues might occur. Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) an organic acetic has been reported to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Aim: To assess the effect of smear layer removal and fibrin clot adhesion of ACV in comparison to CA on periodontally affected teeth. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted at Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India, for three months, starting in January 2024 and ending in March 2024. 8 Teeth extracted due to periodontal reasons were cleaned, scaled and root planed. From the extracted teeth 16 dentin block samples were obtained, of which eight underwent CA testing (Control group) and eight underwent ACV testing (test group). The SEM analysis was done to assess the efficiency of smear layer removal and fibrin clot adhesion. Results: Under qualitative Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, though ACV (50%) and CA (50%) group exhibited significant level of smear layer removal, complete dentinal tubule opening (RMSI score 2) was observed only in ACV category. In regard to Blood Element Adhesion Index (BEAI) both the groups demonstrated moderate fibrin clot adhesion (BEA score 2) in 50% of their samples. Considering both the parameters, root conditioning effects of ACV was better than CA. Conclusion: Teeth treated with ACV had a comparable effect as the CA in terms of root biomodification. This novel agent with several medicinal effects can be considered for future studies to determine its regenerative effectiveness.

IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF PROBIOTIC SURVIVAL IN SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL CONDITIONS AND ADHESIVE PROPERTIES

The study focused on evaluating the functional properties of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains – Lactobacillus fermentum 30, Lactobacillus cellobiosus 36, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 36/1, and Lac-ticaseibacillus paracasei 30/1 – and their associations, aiming to assess acid resistance, bile tolerance, enzyme stability, and adhesion capabilities using in vitro methods. The survival rates of these LAB strains and their associations were investigated under simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and simulated intestinal juice (SIJ). In SGJ, the association L. fermentum 30 + L. cellobiosus 36 showed higher survival rates compared to individual strains, with approximately 75% viability after 2 hours incubation. Similarly, the associa-tion L. paracasei 30/1 + L. paracasei 36/1 exhibited enhanced survival in SGJ, maintaining about 80% viability. In SIJ, both associations demonstrated improved survival compared to individual strains, with L. fermentum 30 + L. cellobiosus 36 and L. paracasei 30/1 + L. paracasei 36/1 maintaining approxi-mately 70% and 75% viability, respectively. The adhesion capabilities of these LAB strains and associa-tions were evaluated using human erythrocytes. All strains displayed high adhesive activity, particularly notable in L. paracasei 36/1 + L. paracasei 30/1, which demonstrated a significantly higher adhesion index compared to other strains. These findings highlight the robust survival and adhesive properties of the LAB strains and their associations under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Further research is warranted to explore their potential applications in promoting gut health and combating gastrointestinal disorders.

A Phase 2, Open-Label Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety of Orally Administered Epeleuton in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Background. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a rare hereditary multi-system disorder that is caused by a single mutation in the beta allele of the hemoglobin gene, leading to the production of sickle hemoglobin (HbS). HbS polymerizes when deoxygenated, resulting in red blood cell (RBC) sickling and membrane damage, ultimately leading to a cascade of events which include hemolysis, chronic anemia, inflammation, and vaso-occlusion. Despite recent progress, there is a need for additional disease-modifying therapeutic options. Epeleuton is 15-hydroxy eicosapentaenoic acid (15(S)-HEPE) ethyl ester, a novel synthetic second generation w-3 fatty acid which targets key drivers of hemolysis and multicellular adhesion. In preclinical studies in Townes humanized SCD mice and SCD patient RBCs, epeleuton acts as a disease-modifying agent by simultaneously decreasing (a) systemic and local inflammatory activation, (b) endothelial adhesion, (c) organ damage and (d) intravascular hemolysis and sickling. Epeleuton has been administered to 343 subjects in clinical trials, with a favorable safety and tolerability profile. Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of orally administered epeleuton in patients with SCD. Study Design and Methods. This open-label, phase 2, multicenter study (NCT05861453) will enroll approximately 30 adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SCD (HbSS and HbSß0-thalassemia). Participants must have hemoglobin levels of 5.0-9.5g/dL at screening, 2-10 vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in the past 12 months, and a high adhesion index at screening defined as RBC laminin adhesion > 400 cells. Concomitant treatment with a stable dose of hydroxyurea is permitted during the study. Key exclusion criteria include receiving an RBC transfusion within three months of enrolment, receiving voxelotor, crizanlizumab or l-glutamine within six weeks of enrolment and, prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The trial has a 28-day screening period, followed by a 16-week treatment phase and a 30-day post-treatment follow-up period. Study participants will attend the clinic on 6 occasions at screening, baseline, weeks 4, 8 and 16 (end-of-treatment) and the week 20 post-treatment follow-up visit. Enrolled patients will receive epeleuton 2g BID (4g daily) for 16 weeks. Study endpoints include change from baseline in hemoglobin levels, hemolytic markers, assessments of RBC health, soluble adhesion molecules, RBC adhesion, whole blood adhesion and rates of VOC. Conclusion: Treatments that can simultaneously target hemolysis and cellular adhesion may have an important disease-modifying utility for patients with SCD. The results of this study are anticipated to confirm the potential of epeleuton to address multiple aspects of SCD and to guide the design and conduct of future studies in patients with SCD.