Adequate Management Research Articles

A Bayesian Approach to Infer the Sustainable Use of Artificial Reefs in Fisheries and Recreation

The presence of artificial reefs (ARs) in the south of Portugal that were deployed a few decades ago and the corroboration of fishing patterns and other activities related to the use of these habitats have not been followed. It is important to note that monitoring the use of ARs was difficult in the past but is currently facilitated by the application of non-intrusive tools. In the present study, an approach is developed where, based on monitoring data from fishing and non-fishing boats, influence diagrams (IDs) are constructed to provide some evidence on fisheries or other use patterns and consequent AR effectiveness as coastal tools. These IDs allow us to infer various usefulness scenarios, namely catches, which are tangible, and satisfaction, which is intangible, and overall assessment of ARs and nearby areas in terms of human activities. After calibrating the Bayesian ID based on monitoring evidence, the obtained model was evaluated for several scenarios. In the base case, which assumes the occurrence of more fishing than recreation (assuming 3:1, respectively), the obtained utility is 18.64% (catches) and 31.96% (satisfaction). Of the scenarios run, the one that obtained the best results in the utility nodes together was the second one. The use of these tailored tools and approaches seems to be of fundamental importance for the adequate management of coastal infrastructures, particularly with regard to the inference of fishing resources and their sustainable use. An adequate interpretation based on the use of these tools implies being able to safeguard the ecological balance and economic sustainability of the communities operating in these areas.

Peran Manajemen Pengelola Perpustakaan dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca Siswa di SMP Plus Maarif NU Parigi Kabupaten Pangandaran

This research is motivated by the development of reading interest and reading ability which is indeed very concerning at this time, how not, this is caused by the methods given to students and students in general are less or even unpleasant, most of the existing methods are only result-oriented not on process. This very low reading habit makes the ability of some students at school to be low. Libraries as educational institutions and information providers will have good performance if they are supported by adequate management, so that all institutional activities will lead to efforts to achieve the goals that have been proclaimed. The focus of his research is the role of library management in an effort to increase students' reading interest. This study uses a qualitative research method using a descriptive approach which is presented in the first and second chapters, each of which discusses the introduction and literature review, while the data exposure and research discussion is in the fourth chapter. The data collection technique used the method of interview, observation and documentation as well as collecting valid documents and data. Planning for school library service standards at SMP Plus Maarif NU Parigi includes; library material planning, human resource planning, facilities and infrastructure planning, service planning and budget planning. Implementation of library management includes; implementation of library material processing, implementation of organizing human resources, implementation of structuring library infrastructure, implementation of library services tailored to the needs and implementation of budget use Evaluation and supervision of libraries is carried out by school principals and vice principals in the field of curriculum.

Evaluation of the Administrative, Coordination, and Financing Capacity of the Sub-National Malaria Elimination Programs in Nigeria: A Case Study of Cross River State.

Background: This study appraised the implementers’ perspective of the program’s existing administrative and management; coordination and collaboration; and financing and accountability capacities to deliver its malaria prevention and control mandate. Method: The instrument used was a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from an already existing National Malaria Programme’s Capacity Assessment tool. Being a widely used open-source program tool, a pretest was done to ascertain its suitability and applicability to the study context and for field assistants to gain familiarity with it. The total population sampling method was used due to the small size of the target population. The target population/sample size was therefore 137, comprising the State Malaria Technical Working Group members, key officers of Cross River State Malaria Elimination Program (CRSMEP), and the Local Government Areas (LGA) Malaria implementing teams. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Each element per section of the questionnaire was weighted using the Likert scale and calculated using simple percentages. Results: Research results showed that the malaria program at the State and LGA level have adequate administrative and management capacity with confirmation by 64% and 82.1% of respondents respectively. 80% of respondents confirmed average coordination and collaboration capacity at the State level while 50% of respondents at the LGA level confirmed that the program has adequate coordination and collaboration capacity. For financing and accountability capacity, 36% of respondents affirmed that there is average capacity at the State level while 37.5% confirmed that there is no capacity at LGA level. Conclusion: The study revealed the program’s capacity gaps at State and LGA in the 3 aforementioned key areas. Therefore, interventions to address the capacity gaps are training/re-training of program staff and health workers on program management, administration, and finance, establishing performance management and accountability mechanisms, conducting evidence-based advocacy visits to policymakers for prioritizing allocating and releasing funds for malaria control activities, especially for intervention areas that are not supported by donor/partner organizations.

General practitioners' representation of early-stage CKD is a barrier to adequate management and patient empowerment: a phenomenological study.

In high-income countries, chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 10% of the population. Identifying these patients early is a priority, especially as new treatments are available to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal morbidity. We aimed at understanding the management and care pathway of patients with early-to-moderate CKD defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45mL/min/1.73m2 (CKD-EPI), by analyzing the experience of general practitioners in a region in France. This qualitative semiopragmatic phenomenological study analyzed in-depth interviews held with a purposive sample (age, gender, training, type of practice, rural/urban context) of 24 general practitioners, with triangulation of research until data saturation. From diagnostic, etiological and prognostic viewpoints, the general practitioners enrolledin our study perceived CKD as a complex, poorly-defined clinical entity in asymptomatic and multimorbid patients. They distinguished it from a rare condition they considered as 'mainly renal'. The fact that they did not perceive early-stage CKD as a disease was a hindrance to patient care, which should protect the kidneys with a preventive approach. Indeed, general practitioners perceived CKD patient management as a pathway requiring a personalized, integrative model, common to all chronic diseases, without necessarily involving a nephrologist, at least in the early stages. This study shows how the general practitioners' representations influence their attitudes and interventions. Clarifying the concept of early-stage CKD by taking factors like age and etiology into account would facilitate personalized management of this heterogeneous, often multimorbid, population. Finally, organizational models to support patient empowerment in an integrative care pathway must be established andvalidated.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Aquaculture System for Optimizing the Quality of Water: A Systematic Analysis

The world population is expected to grow to around 9 billion by 2050. The growing need for foods with high protein levels makes aquaculture one of the fastest-growing food industries in the world. Some challenges of fishing production are related to obsolete aquaculture techniques, overexploitation of marine species, and lack of water quality control. This research systematically analyzes aquaculture technologies, such as sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), and image processing. Through the systematic PRISMA process, 753 investigations published from 2012 to 2023 were analyzed based on a search in Scopus and Web of Science. It revealed a significant 70.5% increase in the number of articles published compared to the previous year, indicating a growing interest in this field. The results indicate that current aquaculture technologies are water monitoring sensors, AI methodologies such as K-means, and contour segmentation for computer vision. Also, it is reported that K means technologies offer an efficiency from 95% to 98%. These methods allow decisions based on data patterns and aquaculture insights. Improving aquaculture methodologies will allow adequate management of economic and environmental resources to promote fishing and satisfy nutritional needs.

Management of varices but not anticoagulation is associated with improved outcome in patients with HCC and macrovascular tumour invasion

Background & aimsThe value of bleeding prophylaxis and anticoagulation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and macrovascular tumour invasion (MVI) is unclear. We evaluated the impact of anticoagulation on thrombosis progression, bleeding events, and overall mortality, and assessed the efficacy of adequate management of varices as recommended for patients with cirrhosis.MethodsHCC patients with MVI who had Child-Turcotte-Pugh A-B7 were included between Q4/2002 and Q2/2022. Localization of the tumour thrombus and changes at 3–6 months were evaluated by two radiologists. Univariable and multivariable logistic/Cox regression analyses included time-dependent variables (i.e., anticoagulation, systemic therapy, non-selective beta blocker treatment).ResultsOf 124 patients included (male: n = 110, 89%), MVI involved the main portal vein in 47 patients (38%), and 49 individuals (40%) had additional non-tumorous thrombus apposition. Fifty of 80 patients (63%) with available endoscopy had varices. Twenty-four individuals (19%) received therapeutic anticoagulation and 94 patients (76%) were treated with effective systemic therapies. The use of therapeutic anticoagulation did not significantly affect the course of the malignant thrombosis at 3–6 months. Systemic therapy (aHR: 0.26 [95%CI: 0.16–0.40]) but not anticoagulation was independently associated with reduced all-cause mortality. In patients with known variceal status, adequate management of varices was independently associated with reduced risk of variceal bleeding (aHR: 0.12 [95%CI: 0.02–0.71]). In the whole cohort, non-selective beta blockers were independently associated with reduced risk of variceal bleeding or death from any cause (aHR: 0.69 [95%CI: 0.50–0.96]).ConclusionAdequate bleeding prophylaxis and systemic anti-tumour therapy but not anticoagulation were associated with improved outcomes in patients with HCC and MVI.

Schistosoma mansoni co-infection modulates Chagas disease development but does not impair the effect of benznidazole-based chemotherapy

The adequate management of parasite co-infections represents a challenge that has not yet been overcome, especially considering that the pathological outcomes and responses to treatment are poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of Schistosoma mansoni infection on the efficacy of benznidazole (BZN)-based chemotherapy in Trypanosoma cruzi co-infected mice. BALB/c mice were maintained uninfected or co-infected with S. mansoni and T. cruzi, and were untreated or treated with BZN. Body weight, mortality, parasitemia, cardiac parasitism, circulating cytokines (Th1/Th2/Th17); as well as heart, liver and intestine microstructure were analyzed. The parasitemia peak was five times higher and myocarditis was more severe in co-infected than T. cruzi-infected mice. After reaching peak, parasitemia was effectively controlled in co-infected animals. BZN successfully controlled parasitemia in both co-infected and T. cruzi-infected mice and improved body mass, cardiac parasitism, myocarditis and survival in co-infected mice. Co-infection dampened the typical cytokine response to either parasite, and BZN reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines in co-infected mice. Despite BZN normalizing splenomegaly and liver cellular infiltration, it exacerbated hepatomegaly in co-infected mice. Co-infection or BZN exerted no effect on hepatic granulomas, but increased pulmonary and intestinal granulomas. Marked granulomatous inflammation was identified in the small intestine of all schistosomiasis groups. Taken together, our findings indicate that BZN retains its therapeutic efficacy against T. cruzi infection even in the presence of S. mansoni co-infection, but with organ-specific repercussions, especially in the liver.

Pengaruh Faktor Biaya, Faktor Pelayanan Dan Efektifitas Operasional Terhadap Performa Manajemen Logistik Perusahaan

Successful companies will always practice logistics, supply chain and inventory management in order to reduce costs and provide services and operational effectiveness. Logistics in the current state of business coordinates and integrates all physical and non-physical movements and unites them with the organization, as well as information aspects. This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate logistics management which includes transportation, warehousing, packaging, inventory and information management to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Reducing the cost of each logistics activity will affect the total cost burden and improve company performance. This article will determine and define what logistics activities are key to the success of the company. Empirical research is based on articles that have been adapted and abstracted and become hypotheses that are generally understood after validation and proven by the results of the findings in these articles. Adequate inventory, storage, warehousing, transportation and information management are the main keys that logistics managers should practice to reduce the overall cost of the company. These findings include the affirmation of the need for logistics managers to optimally manage all logistics activities in order to achieve cost reduction, service improvement and operational effectiveness.

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Masyarakat Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Masyarakat Di Banyumanik

Health is a valuable asset that we need to take good care of. However, in our daily lives, we often get caught up in hectic routines, poor diets, and unhealthy lifestyles. This is why counseling on improving quality of life is so important. Counseling attempts to raise awareness, provide information, and encourage individuals and communities to adopt healthy behaviors. The counseling materials provided are Preventing Disease and Improving Quality of Life. By increasing awareness of a healthy diet, adequate physical activity, stress management, and other life habits, it can help prevent various chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. By adopting healthy behaviors, one can improve their quality of life, reduce the risk of health complications, and enjoy a longer and better life. Increased physical activity or exercise. Physical activity is any movement of the body that causes energy expenditure. The recommendation from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia is that physical activity should be done at least 30 minutes per day for 5 times a week or equal to 150 minutes per week. various types of physical activity that can be done such as climbing down stairs, jogging, brisk walking or cycling.

Investigation of Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Marine Debris on Ghanaian Urban Coastal Beaches

Marine debris has been identified as a form of pollution for more than half a century, and it is a major concern for the general public due to its detrimental effects on the environment and human health. The accumulation of marine debris not only affects the aesthetic appeal of our oceans but also poses a significant threat to safety. The impact of marine debris on the tourism industry, especially the eco-tourism sector, is a growing concern both locally and globally. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of marine debris on three beaches of Ghana along the Gulf of Guinea. It sought to survey the spatiotemporal changes in the concentration of marine debris, quantify the perceptions of locals and beach users of marine debris, examine the citizen science perspectives on marine debris and finally analyse the effects of marine debris on coastal resources. The study employed a shoreline debris survey and citizen science approach to achieve this objective. Content analysis in NVivo was deployed to analyze transcriptions from the interviews. A standing stock beach survey was used to survey debris in 100 m2 quadrants for 30 occasions each for the three studied beaches at 12-day intervals, which spanned one year. Debris was classified and quantified according to the NOAA classification scheme for marine debris. The quantitative data generated were analyzed in SPSS 23.0 to establish debris abundance and spatiotemporal differences. Results revealed that plastics are the dominant debris type, accounting for 52% of the total debris surveyed, which was confirmed by the citizen science approach. Biriwa Beach had a minor debris abundance, statistically different from Abandze and Anomabo. The paper found significant seasonal differences in the concentration and spatial distribution of all debris types except for plastics and processed lumber. Respondents acknowledged the effects of marine debris on humans and the environment. The study recommends making adequate waste management infrastructure available in the area. NGOs and the Municipal Assembly should educate residents on effective mass participation in waste management practices to curb debris accumulation.

Anti-SARS-CoV2 serological profile and associated factors in adults living with HIV followed at Departmental and Teaching Hospital of Borgou in 2022.

Introduction: Literature data suggest that people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are at increased risk of severe forms of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection and related mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological profile in adults living with HIV followed at the Departmental and Teaching Hospital of Borgou (DTH-B) in 2022 and to identify factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in the latter. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the Internal Medicine Department at DTH-B, from June 27, 2022 to July 27, 2022. PLHIV were systematically recruited after informed consent. A survey form was used to collect epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM) were tested using the BIOSYNEX COVID-19 BSS rapid test (Biosynex SA, France). Data were analyzed using STATA/MP14.1 software. The significance level was 5%. Results: A total of 135 adults living with HIV were included in the study. The sex ratio was 0.34 and the mean age 45 ± 11.03 years. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 50.37%. Only one respondent reported a confirmed COVID-19, while vaccination coverage was 37.78%. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in unvaccinated patients was 40.48%. Factors significantly associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in multivariate analysis were vaccination status (p=0.02) and viral load (p=0.001). Conclusion: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detectable in more than half the PLHIV. Their presence was associated with the notion of vaccination and an undetectable viral load. This study therefore suggests the need to promote COVID-19 vaccination among PLHIV followed up at DTH-B, as well as the continuation of adequate management of HIV infection in order to reduce COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in this so-called vulnerable population.

A contemporary update on cancer and takotsubo syndrome.

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by a transient left ventricular systolic dysfunction, burdened by significant acute and long-term mortality and morbidity. The prognosis of TTS, especially in the long-term, is influenced by both non-cardiovascular (non-CV) and CV comorbidities, among which cancer is one of the most common. The presence of a malignancy is proven to be associated with higher mortality in TTS. Moreover, a number of anticancer treatments has been reported to possibly cause TTS as a form of cardiotoxicity, even though clearcut associations are lacking. The aim of this narrative review is to sum up contemporary knowledge on the association of cancer and TTS, addressing unmet needs and practical implications. The importance of a close collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists is herein highlighted, both to allow an adequate management of the acute TTS phase, and to actively and safely return to the oncologic management once the acute setting is resolved.

Engaging healthcare professionals and patient representatives in the development of a quality model for hospitals: a mixed-method study.

Top-down and externally imposed quality requirements can lead to improvement but do not seem as sustainable as intended. There is a need for a quality model that intrinsically motivates healthcare professionals to contribute to quality and safe care in hospitals. This study shows how a quality model that matches the identity and the quality vision of the organization was developed. A multimethod design with three phases was used in the development of the model at a large teaching hospital in Belgium. In the first phase, 14 focus groups and 19 interviews with staff members were conducted to obtain an overview of the quality and safety challenges, complemented by a plenary discussion with the members of the patient advisory council. In the second phase, the challenges that had been captured were further assessed using a hospital-wide survey for all hospital staff. Finally, a newly established quality review board (with internal and external stakeholders) critically evaluated the input of Phases 1 and 2 and defined the basic quality standards to be implemented in the hospital. A first evaluation 2 years after the implementation was conducted based on (i) patients' perceptions of quality of care and patient safety by publicly available indicators collected in 2016, 2019, and 2022 and (ii) staff experiences and perceptions regarding the acceptability of the new model gathered through (grouped) interviews and an open questionnaire. The quality model consists of eight broad themes, including norms for the hospital staff (n = 27), sustained with quality systems (n = 8), and organizational support (n = 6), with aid from adequate management and leadership (n = 6). The themes were converted into 46 standards. These should be supported within a safe, efficient, and caring work environment. The new model was launched in the hospital in June 2021. The evaluation shows a significant difference in quality and safety on different dimensions as perceived by hospitalized patients. The perceived added value of the participatory model is a better fit with the needs of employees and the fact that the model can be adjusted to the specific context of the different hospital departments. The lack of hard indicators is seen as a challenge in monitoring quality and safety. The participation of various stakeholders inside and outside the organization in defining the quality challenges resulted in the creation of a participatory quality model for the hospital, which leads towards a better-supported quality policy in the hospital.

Opportunities and challenges for small-scale fisheries co-management: A case study of the unofficial landing records system in a Brazilian fishing community

The scarcity of information on small-scale fisheries (SSF) prevents the dimensioning of production and the assessment of fish stocks and, consequently, impairs the feasibility of adequate management decisions. This study aimed to analyze the challenges and opportunities of landing records in SSF based on a case study in a fishing community in northeastern Brazil. In addition, the temporal trends of the main exploited fish species were analyzed using the local ecological knowledge of artisanal fishers. Due to the wide data gap, this analysis included the records provided by the fisher Colony Z-19 only from 2017 and 2018 and a comparison from October to January for 2006–2007, 2012–2013, and 2017–2018. The free listing technique was applied to 30 local fishers. The total catch recorded in 2017 was 50.7 tons, and 43.79 tons in 2018, while the average catch per unit effort was 12.32 ± 6.18 and 10.33 ± 5.66 kg/fisher.day, respectively in each year. Landing records encompassed eight multi-specific categories, which strongly restricts the potential use of this information for fisheries management. Despite the relevance of the Colony’s intention to monitor the landings without external support, this is strictly aimed at the commercial control of fishing production. This scenario presents an opportunity, with the cooperation of other stakeholders, to develop standardized methods of fishery statistics that shed light on the conditions surrounding stocks that are fished in SSF. Some recommendations are provided for a national well-established fishing landing monitoring.

Perspectives on menstrual policymaking and community-based actions in Catalonia (Spain): a qualitative study

BackgroundMenstrual research and policymaking have become imperative worldwide. It is necessary that these are informed by women and people who menstruate (PWM) alongside expert professionals and activists.MethodsThe main aim of this study was to identify and propose policies and community-based actions to address menstrual inequity and promote menstrual health in Catalonia (Spain). This study consisted of two qualitative studies: (a) 34 individual photoelicitation interviews with women and PWM, (b) a World Café study with 22 professionals and activists. Sampling for both studies was purposive and selective. Recruitment was conducted through healthcare centres, social media, key contacts, and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected in December 2020-September 2022, and analysed using Framework Analysis.ResultsParticipants considered the implementation of menstrual policies that address the taboo and stigma of menstruation to be crucial. They stressed the need for menstrual education, which should be integrated into formal education curricula. Participants, and especially women and PWM, highlighted the need to improve the access and quality of healthcare services, so that the menstrual cycle and menstruation are seen as health indicators. Health professionals should encourage agentic informed decisions, hence why both participant groups considered menstrual health education amongst health professionals to be pivotal. Taking action to improve the access and affordability of menstrual products was also imperative for participants, especially for socioeconomically vulnerable populations. Participants agreed on guaranteeing fully equipped menstrual management facilities, and and professionals discussed gender-neutral and sex-segregated bathrooms. Workplace menstrual policies to accommodate and ensure menstrual self-care were also suggested.ConclusionsOur study highlights the need for multi-dimensional menstrual policies. These should include actions to address menstrual taboo and stigma, to promote menstrual education that goes beyond the hegemonic biomedical prism, to improve the access and quality of menstrual health services, along with policies ensuring adequate menstrual management facilities in public spaces and the access to menstrual products. Policymaking should also focus on how to ensure menstrual management and care in workplaces. Menstrual policies and community-based actions should be framed within intersectionality, to consider how societal structures of power and oppression influence menstrual experiences.

Towards an integrated type 1 diabetes management in low-resource settings: barriers faced by patients and their caregivers in healthcare facilities in Ghana

Background In Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), young people living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) face structural barriers which undermine adequate T1DM management and lead to poor health outcomes. However, research on the barriers faced by young people living with T1DM have mostly focused on patient factors, neglecting concerns regarding plausible barriers that may exist at the point of healthcare service delivery.Objective This study sought to explore barriers faced by young people living with T1DM and their caregivers at the point of healthcare service delivery.MethodsData were drawn from a qualitative research in southern Ghana. The research was underpinned by a phenomenological study design. Data were collected from 28 young people living with T1DM, 12 caregivers, and six healthcare providers using semi-structured interview guides. The data were collected at home, hospital, and support group centres via face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and videoconferencing. Thematic and framework analyses were done using CAQDAS (QSR NVivo 14).ResultsEight key barriers were identified. These were: shortage of insulin and management logistics; healthcare provider knowledge gaps; lack of T1DM care continuity; poor healthcare provider-caregiver interactions; lack of specialists’ care; sharing of physical space with adult patients; long waiting time; and outdated treatment plans. The multiple barriers identified suggest the need for an integrated model of T1DM to improve its care delivery in low-resource settings. We adapted the Chronic Care Model (CCM) to develop an Integrated Healthcare for T1DM management in low-resource settings.ConclusionYoung people living with T1DM, and their caregivers encountered multiple healthcare barriers in both in-patient and outpatient healthcare facilities. The results highlight important intervention areas which must be addressed/improved to optimise T1DM care, as well as call for the implementation of a proposed integrated approach to T1DM care in low-resource settings.

Theoretical aspects of the organization of the management decision–making process at the enterprise

At the present stage of economic development of Russian entrepreneurship, the most important task is the formation of directions for making competent and timely management decisions for further improvement of the management of financial, economic and organizational activities of organizations and the development of competitive advantages in the market.The constantly occurring changes in the socio-economic relations of the country, taking into account the policy of the state, the dynamics in consumer demand and market conditions, require economic entities to create an adequate enterprise management system based on managerial decision-making. The decisions themselves, of course, are the result of financial analysis, balanced conclusions and action plans, since they are designed to optimize various aspects of the activities of economic entities.

Methodological aspects of the organization of the sales management system in the company

At the present stage of development of the market economy, organizations have to work in a tough competitive mode and in conditions of active introduction of innovative technologies. Effective sales management of the company contributes to the implementation of marketing goals of modern business structures. Due to the fact that the company’s entry into the market requires an instant response to consumer requests, an individual approach to projects and, very often, the fulfillment of orders in a fairly short time, the development of a set of methods for managing the company’s sales is an urgent topic in modern market conditions. The company’s sales management is a complex and multi7stage process aimed at ensuring stable income and high profits through the implementation of a competent and adequate sales management system. The ambiguity of the practical development of the methodological foundations of the company’s sales management lies in the absence of a unified approach, due to the fact that for one manager effective sales management consists in motivating employees responsible for the sale of products or services, other managers tend to the position that successful sales can be built by conducting purposeful work with sales channels, the third category of managers puts emphasis on to implement mechanisms for automating relationships with their partners.

Comparison between measured and modelled data on occupational exposure to organic solvents in degreasing, varnishing and painting activities performed in a Romanian company

This study aims to highlight the similarities and differences between occupational exposure measured (personal and static) and modelled data using the Tier 2 Advanced REACH Tool (ART 1.5) for some organic solvents used in degreasing, varnishing and painting activities. The measurements were performed between 2020 and 2022 in a Romanian company manufacturing metallic components for the energy industry. The conclusion of the study will allow identifying some of the uncertainties related to the use of modelled data versus measured data, and to decide on the adequate operational conditions (OCs) and risk management measures (RMMs) to implement in place, in accordance with the hierarchy of control principles.

Menstrual hygiene practices of adolescent secondary school girls in rural Anambra communities.

Adolescent girls face numerous challenges which hinder their ability to manage menstruation in a healthy and dignified manner. To examine the menstrual hygiene practices of adolescent girls schooling in rural Anambra communities. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were selected using multistage stratified random sampling technique and interviewed using self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Mean age of all, pre-menarche and post-menarche girls were 14.7 ± 1.84, 12.8 ± 1.09 and 15.1 ± 1.73 years, respectively. About 46% of the pre-menarche girls had not received any information on menstruation. Common sources of initial menstruation information were mother (87.3%), school (52.2%) and peers (20.0%). Among the 1091 (85.0% (1091/1283)) post-menarche girls, last menstrual period, last menstrual period duration and cycle length could not be recalled by 53.9%, 34.4% and 39.3%, respectively. Majority (98.3%) who could recall last menstrual period had a cycle length of ⩽30 days and the mean duration of menses was 4.4 ± 0.84 days. Disposable sanitary pad was mostly (60%) cited as recommended product, but cloth/rags (40.6%) or tissue paper (32. 3%) were predominantly used. Majority (88.6%) took their bath ⩾twice/day, 50.9% changed sanitary product ⩽twice/day while 72.5% exhibited poor hand washing. Sanitary products were mostly discarded by burning (45.4%). Fifty-one percent could not change in school predominantly due to lack of functional toilets/changing rooms (84.2%) while 72.5% of those who changed did so in bushes or unused spaces. Challenges faced during menstruation include restriction from holy places (38.9%), waist pain (74.9%), blood stains (36.1%) and lack of money to buy pad (27.0%). Factors significantly associated with using commercial pads were age (p = 0.047), class (p = 0.006), mother's educational status (p < 0.001), social class (p < 0.001), ability to recall last menstrual period date (p = 0.029) or duration (p = 0.001). Menstrual hygiene management was unsatisfactory among studied adolescents. Continuous education of adolescent girls on menstrual hygiene management and advocacy for adequate menstrual hygiene management support are imperative.