Adequate Fat Intake Research Articles

The Relationship of Breakfast’s Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status with Physical Fitness of 4th Grade Students In Urban Area SDN Cililitan 02 Jakarta Timur

Physical Fitness is very needed for primary school-age children’s development because the growth and development in this period of age are very fast, both physically and spiritually. Before starting activities at school, children need an adequate intake from their breakfast. This research aims to know the relationship between breakfast’s nutrition intake and nutritional status with physical fitness of 4th grade students in urban area SDN Cililitan 02 Jakarta Timur. This type of research is Analytical study with cross sectional design with total sample 77 people and were taken by systematic random sampling which qualified the inclusion in this research’s needed. Physical fitness data was obtained based on the Triple Hop Test. Breakfast’s nutrition intake from food recall 1x24 hours method in the school’s time. Nutritional Status Data (BMI) is measured using the anthropometric method. Data analysis with Frequency Distribution and Chi-Square Test. From 77 respondents, almost of them have a good physical fitness at 63.6 %, Good Nutritional Status Data (BMI) at 49.4 %, Adequate energy intake 80.5 %, Adequate protein intake 53.2 %, Adequate fat intake 83.1 % and Adequate carbohydrate intake 89.6 %. There is no relationship between nutritional status and physical fitness (p=0.213) and similarly there is no relationship between protein intake and physical fitness (p=0.669). There is a significant relationship between energy intake, fat intake, and carbohydrate intake with physical fitness (p=0.047), (p=0.024), and (p=0.011).

청소년에서 건강식생활 실천 여부에 따른 영양소 및 식품섭취상태 분석 연구 - 2018~2020년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 -

This study set out to provide an overview of practicing healthy diet in high school students aged 15~18 yrs and to compare and analyze nutrient and food intake according to the practicing healthy diet. The study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018~2020 and determined the practicing healthy diet in 541 adolescents, who are classified into practicing healthy diet (PHD) group (103 males; 117 females) and non-practicing healthy diet (NPHD) group (179 males; 142 females) according to sex. Among indicators of healthy eating practice, fat intake indicator showed the highest proportion of subjects with adequate fat intake, with 65.68% of subjects consuming fat energy within acceptable range, followed by using nutrition labels (29.28%), sodium intake (27.77%), and fruit and vegetable intake (11.56%). Also, energy and nutrition density between PHD and NPHD were analyzed. Both male and female PHD had a significantly lower daily energy intake, but higher folate, phosphorus, and potassium intake density compared to NPHD. Fat and sodium intake density was significantly lower in PHD than in NPHD. These findings suggest that nutrition education is needed to promote practicing healthy diet in adolescents for their balanced nutrient intake and proper eating habits.

Molecular Differences Based on Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Profile to Personalize Dietary Strategies between Adults and Children with Obesity.

As the obesity epidemic continues to grow inexorably worldwide, the need to develop effective strategies to prevent and control obesity seems crucial. The use of molecular tools can be useful to characterize different obesity phenotypes to provide more precise nutritional recommendations. This study aimed to determine the fatty acid (FA) profile of red blood cell (RBC) membranes, together with the evaluation of their dietary intake and biochemical parameters, of children and adults with obesity. An observational study was carried out on 196 children (113 with normal weight and 83 with obesity) and 91 adults (30 with normal weight and 61 with obesity). Mature RBC membrane phospholipids were analyzed for FA composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Dietary habits were evaluated using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Children with obesity presented higher levels of ω-6 polyunsaturated FAs (mainly linoleic acid, p = 0.01) and lower values of ω-3 FAs (mainly DHA, p < 0.001) compared with adults. Regarding blood biochemical parameters, children with obesity presented lower levels of glucose, LDL cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase compared with adults with obesity. These lipidomic differences could be considered to provide specific nutritional recommendations for different age groups, based on an adequate fat intake.

Pengaruh Gaya Hidup Terhadap Status Gizi Pegawai Direktorat Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Medan

Gaya hidup sebagai salah satu faktor tidak langsung, memegang peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi status gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh gaya hidup terhadap status gizi. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional dengan sampel pegawai Direktorat Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Medan sebanyak 70 sampel. Metode penarikan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Faktor-faktor yang diukur adalah pola makan (kecukupan asupan karbohidrat dan lemak, jenis makanan dan frekuensi makan), aktivitas fisik, durasi tidur dan status gizi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi status gizi responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh kecukupan asupan karbohidrat (p=0,000), kecukupan asupan lemak (p=0,022), aktivitas fisik (p=0,000) dan durasi tidur (p=0,000) dengan kejadian obesitas. Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi status gizi yaitu jumlah asupan karbohidrat.

Hospital Diet Enriched With Rapeseed or Sunflower Oils Is Associated With a Decrease in Plasma 16:1n‐7 and Some Metabolic Disorders in the Elderly

We recently demonstrated that the prevalence of dysglycemia was high among hospitalized elderly people who were fed a low fat diet (27.7% of energy) and was positively associated with plasma 16:1n-7, an indicator of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Fatty acids in the DNL pathway have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of fat enrichment (up to 34.1%en) of the hospital diet in 111 patients (30 men and 81 women, 84 ± 7 years) during 6 weeks. Based on gender, they were randomly given a diet supplemented either with rapeseed oil (RO) or with sunflower oil (SO). Fatty acids of cholesteryl esters and erythrocyte phospholipids and markers of metabolic disorders were evaluated before and after dietary intervention. Both enriched diets significantly, and to a similar extent, decreased (1) the overall prevalence of dysglycemia (by 25-33%) and MetS (by 31-43%) and (2) plasma 16:1n-7 mol% in men and women. Dysglycemia prevalence adjusted by the diets was reduced in men versus baseline; no change was found in women. Enrichment of the diet with RO or SO resulted in a difference in fatty acid compositions, that is, EPA (mol%) and the omega-3 index increased with RO, while proportions of 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, and EPA decreased with SO. These findings highlight the need for adequate fat intake in the elderly. For supplementation of the hospital diet, RO, which led to a higher proportion of circulating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and is known to be beneficial, may be preferred to SO.

A novel self-micro-emulsifying delivery system (SMEDS) formulation significantly improves the fasting absorption of EPA and DHA from a single dose of an omega-3 ethyl ester concentrate

BackgroundAbsorption of EPA and DHA from Omega-3-acid ethyl ester (EE) concentrate supplements occurs most efficiently when taken in context of a fatty meal; adequate fat intake is required to release bile salts that emulsify and pancreatic enzymes that digest omega-3-containing lipids in the intestine. Current guidelines recommend reduction in fat intake and therefore there is a need to optimize the absorption of Omega-3 in those consuming low-fat or no-fat meals. To this end, BASF has developed an Absorption Acceleration Technology, a novel self-micro-emulsifying delivery system (SMEDS) formulation of highly concentrated Omega-3-acid EE which enables rapid emulsification and microdroplet formation upon entering the aqueous environment of the gut therefore enhances the absorption.MethodsTwo separate single dose, crossover studies were conducted to determine the relative bioavailability of omega-3-acid EE concentrate, either as a novel SMEDS formulation (PRF-021) or as control, in healthy fasted male and female adults at two dose levels (Study 1 “low dose”: 630 mg EPA + DHA in PRF-021 vs. 840 mg EPA + DHA in control; Study 2 “high dose”: 1680 mg EPA + DHA in PRF-021 vs. 3360 mg EPA + DHA in control). Blood samples were collected immediately before supplementation and at defined time intervals for 48 h. Plasma concentration of total EPA and DHA were determined for pharmacokinetic analysis, area under the curve (AUC) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax) was determined.ResultsTotal EPA plus DHA absorption from SMEDS formulation PRF-021 were 6.4 and 11.5 times higher compared to control in low- and high-dose studies respectively, determined as the ratio of baseline corrected, dose normalized AUC0-24h of PRF-021 over that of control. EPA and DHA individually showed differing levels of enhancement: the AUC0-24h ratio for EPA was 23.8 and 25.7 in low and high dose studies, respectively, and the AUC0-24h ratio for DHA was 3.6 and 5.6 in low and high dose studies, respectively. Cmax was also increased for both EPA and DHA 2.7- to 9.2-fold.ConclusionPRF-021 is a novel SMEDS formulation of Omega-3-acid EE demonstrating a marked improvement in absorption of a single dose of EPA and DHA EE under fasted conditions. This allows adequate absorption of Omega-3 from the supplement without the requirement of a high-fat meal.

Mistaken perception of lipid intake and its effects: a randomized trial

BackgroundAlthough the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is promising for behavioral interventions, it may be limited by an inability to understand perceptions of food consumption. The following questions and gaps presented by the scientific community prompted this study: What is the concordance between perceived and actual food consumption? What proportions of individuals are in the pseudo-maintenance (PM) stage (overly optimistic perception of fat consumption)? What is the proportion of individuals in the non-reflective action stages (adequate fat intake but do not recognize it)? Is it necessary to develop specific strategies for individuals in these stages? Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the proportion of “pseudo-respondents,” or those in the PM and non-reflective action stages, and to explore subgroup effects by PM classification.MethodsIn a previously conducted randomized controlled trial, participants in the usual care group (UCG) and the TTM-intervention group (TM-IG) were post-hoc classified as “true respondents” or “pseudo-respondents”; the latter included those in the PM (mistakenly perceived their lipid intake as adequate) or non-reflective action (did not recognize the adequacy of their lipid intake) stage. The 6-month TTM-based intervention for fat consumption was performed with a sample of Public Health Service users.ResultsSeventy-one women completed all of the phases. About half of the participants were in the PM stage (UCG: 14 of 31; TM-IG: 19 of 40), and only two were in the non-reflective action stage. Post-intervention, PM individuals in the TM-IG evolved differently, with greater progression to later stages of change and reduced calorie intake, weight, and body mass index (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOwing to the high proportion of participants in the PM stage and the differing performance, this stage is important. The intervention had a previously unreported differential effect on the progression of the stage of change and nutritional status by PM classification.Trial registrationRBR-5TDHZY (retrospectively registered in August 2017 in Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials).

Association of carbohydrate and fat intake with metabolic syndrome

In Asia, dietary pattern has been changed with increased intake of refined carbohydrates, sugar, and saturated fat, while the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is on the rise. However, it remains unclear whether a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat diet is more metabolically harmful, and the optimal amount of carbohydrates and fat has not been determined. The aim of our study was to examine the role of carbohydrate and fat intake in MetS in a Korean population. Data were obtained from a large, population-based, cross-sectional study (6737 males and 8845 females). The subjects were divided into nine groups based on carbohydrate and fat proportion, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for confounding variables. Regardless of fat intake, the risk of MetS significantly increased in males with higher carbohydrate proportions (of total energy intake). In females, the risk of MetS was significantly elevated only in those with both the highest carbohydrate proportion and lowest fat proportion. A high carbohydrate proportion was associated with a higher prevalence of MetS in males, and a high carbohydrate proportion combined with a low fat proportion was associated with MetS in females. Our results indicate that reduction of excessive carbohydrate intake paired with an adequate fat intake, taking into consideration optimal types of fat, is useful for MetS prevention. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the optimal types and amounts of carbohydrate and fat proportions as well as the mechanism underlying these relationships.

Fatigue and interleukin-6 - a multi-faceted relationship

Many connective tissue diseases are characterized by fatigue, which is described in the literature as prostration, weakness, lassitude or asthenia. In many other diseases (autoimmune, neurologic or metabolic) fatigue impinges on daily activities and thus influences the quality of life. Different molecular backgrounds are involved in the development of fatigue. Not only does the immunosuppressive treatment of autoimmune diseases reduce fatigue, but also selective nutritional components may have an effect on secretion of cytokines which are responsible for development of the sensation of tiredness (e.g. secretion of interleukin-6). The beneficial influence of selected food components (such as polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, nutritional antioxidants or adequate fat intake with the diet) on proinflammatory cytokine secretion has been demonstrated in many studies. In this review, the biochemical, neurological and nutritional aspects of fatigue in autoimmune diseases are underlined.