Adequate Definition Research Articles

Metal Hypersensitivity or Missed Periprosthetic Joint Infection? A Critical Review.

The World Association Against Infection in Orthopedics And Trauma (W.A.I.O.T.) Study Group on Bone And Joint Infection Definitions Metal hypersensitivity (MHS) has been investigated by several authors as a possible reason for painful total joint arthroplasty, with controversial results. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is another possible source of unexplained pain and implant failure that may be difficult to diagnose if not properly investigated. We performed this critical review to assess whether the current literature on MHS includes an adequate diagnostic workup to discern metal allergy from PJI. The results of this review highlight the importance of assessing patients for PJI before making a diagnosis of MHS and emphasize that the methods currently used to exclude PJI are substantially inadequate. Therefore, well-designed clinical trials with adequate diagnostic protocols and definitions of PJI that can differentiate MHS from low-grade PJI are needed. [Orthopedics. 2022;45(2):e73-e78.].

O pristupima definisanju i operacionalizaciji pojma bezbednosti u školi

The paper looks at different approaches to the defining and operationalization of the concept of school safety, with the aim of identifying the fundamental conceptual and operational dilemmas and problems, as well as highlighting the importance of the concept and of its adequate definition, in view of the implications it has for understanding the phenomenon, for research, and for the creation of school policy. The fundamental question which is the focus of the paper is examined in terms of the conceptual definition of school safety, the problem of operationalization and the problem of research. As part of this question, we have sought to define the concept of school safety, pointing to the broader and narrower definitions of the concept itself, and its relationship with other, related concepts and the conceptual dilemmas arising from this. The problem of the operationalization of this concept is represented through three approaches in the identification of school safety dimensions: the risk management approach; the approach linked to school violence; and the approach of creating a learning-focused school environment. In the last section - the research question - the difficulties identified by researchers while conducting research into school safety are presented. The conclusion states that only a clearly defined and well-founded conceptual framework, the defining of research objectives, that is, the selection of the range of behaviors and experiences relevant to the topic, and the evaluation of the characteristics of the cultural environment and the respondents' age, can lead to the adequate selection and determination of indicators of school safety, as well as the removal of difficulties in its operationalization and measurement.

Defining the digital workplace: A systematic literature review

There have been a significant number of publications about digital workplace transformation. This is due to technological developments in the last decades as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is no adequate overall definition of the term. This leads to misunderstandings and confused interpretation of the digital workplace, sometimes even narrowing it down to a set of tools or a platform. Given the complexity of digital workplace transformation, there is a need to have an integrated prospective and analyze it not just from a technological perspective, but from an organizational and processes point of view as well. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to review the concept and offer a comprehensive definition of the digital workplace. This includes all the important aspects of the transformation including tools and platforms as well as personal issues, organization, processes and management. The paper provides a systematic literature review of the publications in leading bibliographic and citation bases, starting from Web of Science and Scopus to SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore and Association for Information Systems eLibrary. The review includes not only journal papers, but also leading proceedings, books and other referent publications. It addresses the authors' approaches, perspectives, terminologies, focusses and understanding of workplace transformation over the last decade by a comprehensive review of the state of art of the literature in the field of digital workplace. Finally, a set of recommendations are made to further research in increasingly important subject of digital workplace transformation.

Utilization of Evidence-based Intervention Criteria in U.S. Federal Grant Funding Announcements for Behavioral Healthcare.

Recent U.S. federal government policy has required or recommended the use of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), so that it is important to determine the extent to which this priority is reflected in actual federal solicitations for intervention funding, particularly for behavioral healthcare interventions. Understanding how well such policies are incorporated in federal opportunity announcements (FOAs) for grant funding could improve compliance with policy and increase the societal use of evidence-based interventions for behavioral healthcare. FOAs for discretionary grants (n = 243) in fiscal year 2021 were obtained from the Grants.gov website for 44 federal departments, agencies and sub-agencies that were likely to fund interventions in behavioral health-related areas. FOAs for block/formula grants to states that included behavioral healthcare (n = 17) were obtained from the SAM.gov website. Across both discretionary and block grants, EBIs were required in 60% and recommended in 21% of these FOAs for funding. Numerous different terms were used to signify EBIs by the FOAs, with the greatest variation occurring among the block grants. Lack of adequate elaboration or definition of alternative EBI terms prominently characterized FOAs issued by the Department of Health and Human Services, although less so for those issued by the Departments of Justice and Education. Overall, 43% of FOAs referenced evidence-based program registers on the web, which are scientifically credible sources of EBIs. Otherwise, most of the remaining elaborations of EBI terms in these FOAs were quite brief, often idiosyncratic, and not scientifically vetted. The FOAs generally adhered to federal policy requiring or encouraging the use of EBIs for funding requests. However, an overall pattern showing lack or inadequate elaboration of terms signifying EBIs makes it difficult for applicants to comply with federal policies regarding use of EBIs for behavioral healthcare.

Management of the business system of the enterprise

The article is devoted to topical issues of the development of modern enterprises. Today, one of the main elements of the profitability of any production is the rational management of the enterprise's business system. The business system is one of the innovative forms of ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises on national and international markets. Despite the existence of facts of the successful functioning of business systems and significant scientific interest in the peculiarities of their formation and development, today there is no adequate definition of the concept of "business system", the types of business systems are not sufficiently substantiated, and the approaches to them are largely described in fragments formation. To build a business system, it is necessary to cover not only the entire organizational model, but also pay attention to individual elements of management systems. The formation of the business system is carried out by means of modeling business processes, while the activities of the business system are sequentially broken down into a hierarchical structure of business subsystems and individual business processes, which makes it possible to determine fairly repetitive, separate sets of business processes that can be correlated with individual business subsystems, etc. Modern changes in the external environment require the formation of scientifically based methods and mechanisms for managing the development of business systems. Anticipation of changes in the state of the business system, anticipating the actions of competitors, consumers and suppliers, the ability to resist negative factors, where business system development stimulators require appropriate management skills and sufficient potential. The strategic task of business systems is to create conditions for stable continuous development, positive dynamics of expected results. In turn, the assessment of the problematic business space for the development of business systems is the basis for the development and adoption of management decisions regarding the trajectory of their further development. In this regard, the article highlights the main reasons for implementing a business system at an enterprise. To build an effective business system, first of all, a strategy is necessary, that is, the business system should be built from the strategy, and not the other way around. An attempt to build a business system based on "crooked" business processes ends in fiasco.

What is ‘economic criminal law’?

The objective of this paper is to reconstruct the meaning of term ‘economic criminal law’, which is imprecise but widespread in Polish legal culture. It also aims to compose an adequate definition of the concept denoted by this name. The author applied an array of methods: analysis of scholarly statements, historical and comparative analysis as well as the analysis of the law in force. The term ‘economic criminal law’ is a product of linguistic convention manifesting itself in legal discourse. In search of its meaning the author relied mainly on scrutiny of the wording of the discussed name. The content of this notion is composed of so-called economic offences. It was essential to determine common characteristics of such crimes. Having rejected so-called subjective conceptions and ideas referring to criminology and sociology, the author posited the object of a type of crime as the definition’s rudiment. A proper description of the common generic object of economic crimes assumes a compromise between vagueness and rigidity of lengthy enumerations. ‘Economic criminal law’ can be described as a peculiar division of substantive criminal law distinguished by legal theory and practice. It is composed of regulations that establish types of crime, which share a common main generic object of protection which (in a historical and cultural context) are relevant bases of proper trading both in internal, and in external aspects. These two dimensions represent relations between trading participants and institutions and rules of trading, respectively.

Мирный процесс: к содержательному определению

Мирный процесс: к содержательному определению

Definitions of Risk in Health Surveillance: Integrative Review

<p style="text-align: justify;">It is argued that potential risk, understood as the possibility of occurrence of an event, is the most adequate definition of risk for Health Surveillance. This integrative review analyzes the definitions of risk and identifies the purposes of using potential risk within the scope of Health Surveillance. Searches were carried out on a legislation database and on four other databases. A theory and a typology of risk supported the categorization. 14 normative acts and 20 articles were selected. The 70 definitions of risk were grouped into categories: probability of an event; probability and scenarios, consequences or severity of these; uncertainty; possibility of loss; event or consequence and uncertainty about the objectives. The limitations of some definitions were pointed out, such as the difficulty of calculating the probability of events. There are divergences between articles and normative acts regarding the terminology adopted to refer to risk. The definitions are composed of diverse terms, which cannot always be differentiated. Only one article investigates the meanings that professionals attribute to risk. Potential risk, an expression that has different definitions in Brazil and Russia, is used mainly to standardize risk assessment. A convergent effort is needed to intensify the use of the Brazilian theoretical definition attributed to potential risk and to minimize the variety of terms used in the definitions of risk. <strong>Keywords: </strong>Health Surveillance, Review, Risk, Risk Management.

The proliferation of secular religions

The term ‘secular religion’ first appeared in the description of modern totalitarian ideologies but soon became a general category applied to other political, socio-economic and cultural phenomena. The first problem with this approach is the inherent contradiction of the term, since ‘secular’ by all modern definitions means ‘non-religious’, making a secular religion something like a ‘nonreligious religion’. The second is the wide range of examples from communism to liberalism, from capitalism to ecology, or from transhumanism to social media, which suggests that with some creativity almost anything can be described as secular and religious at the same time. The first part of the paper deals with the terminological difficulties, while the second outlines the history of drawing secular-religious analogies, concluding that the ultimate failure to give a coherent narrative of secular religions is rooted in the impossibility of giving an adequate definition of religion in the first place.

Evaluating Assessment Tools in Child Protection: A Conceptual Framework of Internal and Ecological Requirements

Despite substantial evidence on the higher predictive validity of empirically derived instruments compared to clinical judgement, the controversy on the best direction in child protection assessment is far from over. We introduce a conceptual framework that may help explain why this controversy continues. The framework distinguishes between internal and ecological requirements of assessment tools. First, existing frameworks have primarily focused on internal requirements that refer to the psychometric qualities of a tool, which are theoretically independent of the organisational context. For these internal requirements, we suggest a distinction between three types of validity: construct validity, predictive validity, and indicative validity. Second, the degree of fit with the ecological requirements determines how well the tool works in a specific organisation: for example, whether a tool makes sense to practitioners, whether they readily adopt or tacitly adapt it, or how well it fits with the objectives of the organisation and the goals of individual workers. We define four such requirements: adequacy, organisational suitability, practicality and utility. The framework is illustrated with data from an ethnographic study in Switzerland. The framework leads to questions that may guide managers and frontline workers in developing, implementing and evaluating standardised risk assessment in child protection.Key Practitioner Messages The value of an assessment tool in child protection practice only partly depends on the tool's internal qualities, such as the tool's validity in predicting future child maltreatment. In addition, the tool must meet ecological requirements: it must be oriented towards an adequate definition of child maltreatment, must support and be supported by organisational procedures and workers' competencies and must support workers in carrying out their goals effectively. When services consider implementing an existing tool or developing a new one, they should assess the tool's internal and ecological qualities with equal care. Paying attention to one set of requirements alone may be a costly mistake. ‘The controversy on the best direction in child protection assessment is far from over’

Real Liouvillian Extensions of Partial Differential Fields

In this paper, we establish Galois theory for partial differential systems defined over formally real differential fields with a real closed field of constants and over formally p-adic differential fields with a p-adically closed field of constants. For an integrable partial differential system defined over such a field, we prove that there exists a formally real (resp. formally p-adic) Picard-Vessiot extension. Moreover, we obtain a uniqueness result for this Picard-Vessiot extension. We give an adequate definition of the Galois differential group and obtain a Galois fundamental theorem in this setting. We apply the obtained Galois correspondence to characterise formally real Liouvillian extensions of real partial differential fields with a real closed field of constants by means of split solvable linear algebraic groups. We present some examples of real dynamical systems and indicate some possibilities of further development of algebraic methods in real dynamical systems.

Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs

Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs

Aljamiado Literature: The Problem of Definition

The scope of the term “aljamiado literature” is still open to discussion because it is defined differently by scholars in Russia and beyond. In the ‘strict’ literal meaning, the term “aljamiado literature” covers the literature in Spanish written in Arabic script. Its texts were mostly created by the Moriscos (or crypto-Muslims for Spanish people) after the Reconquista and before their expulsion (1609–1614), i. e. mainly during the 16th century.In a broader sense, “aljamiado literature” is defined as the literature of Spanish Muslims in general, and in this case it is meant to include both Arabic and Latin scripts. And it refers therefore not only to the literature of the Moriscos before their expulsion, but also relates to that written after their expulsion in Latin script, as well as to the texts produced, also in Latin script, by the Spanish Muslims before the Reconquista known in literary culture as Mudéjars. This broader definition covers the period from the mid-15th century until late 17th century.Sure, using the term “aljamiado literature” to denote the texts of both the Mudéjars and the Moriscos, i. e. all the texts of Spanish Muslims that had to live outside Al-Andalus, is absolutely correct, but at the same time this raises doubts about whether we may employ the terms “aljamiado literature” or “aljamiado literature of the Moriscos” for describing all the phenomena mentioned above. In this article, taking into account relevant cultural and historical circumstances which shaped this literary phenomenon and related concepts we have described in detail this contradictory usage of the term “aljamiado literature” and suggested a more adequate definition of its scope.

Pulsed ultrasound for bone regeneration - outcomes and hurdles in the clinical application: a systematic review.

Impaired bone-fracture healing is associated with long-term musculoskeletal disability, pain and psychological distress. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive and side-effect-free treatment option for fresh, delayed- and non-union bone fractures, which has been used in patients since the early 1990s. Several clinical studies, however, have questioned the usefulness of the LIPUS treatment for the regeneration of long bones, including those with a compromised healing. This systematic review addresses the hurdles that the clinical application of LIPUS encounters. Low patient compliance might disguise the effects of the LIPUS therapy, as observed in several studies. Furthermore, large discrepancies in results, showing profound LIPUS effects in regeneration of small-animal bones in comparison to the clinical studies, could be caused by the suboptimal parameters of the clinical set-up. This raises the question of whether the so-called "acoustic dose" requires a thorough characterisation to reveal the mechanisms of the therapy. The adequate definition of the acoustic dose is especially important in the elderly population and patients with underlying medical conditions, where distinct biological signatures lead to a delayed regeneration. Non-industry-funded, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of the LIPUS application alone and as an adjuvant treatment for bones with complicated healing, where consistent control of patient compliance is ensured, are required.

The Onlay Rotated Flap (ORF): An Original Technique for Nasal Tip Plasty.

The reshaping of the nasal tip in rhinoplasty according to the expectations of the patient and the surgeon is called tip plasty. in this article, the onlay rotated flap (ORF) is presented as a new technique for reshaping, supporting, and projecting the nasal tip without any resection or grafting. Thirty-two patients (26 female and 6 male) were included in the study retrospectively. Primary rhinoplasty with ORF was performed to all patients. The follow-up period was between 9 and 12months. The nasal tip projection (NTP) with Goode method and nasal tip rotation (NTR) according to nasolabial angle were calculated in standardized preoperative and postoperative(6th month) photographs with image J. SPSS Version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. There were no complications resulting from our procedure. There were no visible tip flaps, no distortion, no asymmetry, and no alar retraction. Revision surgery was not required in any patient. The preoperative and postoperative means of nasolabial angle (Mean ± SD) were 92.06 ± 7.73° and 99.71 ± 6.06°, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative means of NTP (Mean ± SD) were 0.535 ± 0.041 and 0.57 ± 0.386, respectively. The postoperative nasal tip rotation and NTP values of the ORF procedure were found to be statistically significantly higher than the preoperative values (P < 0.05). The ORF technique is another alternative for achieving adequate nasal tip definition and projection and has many advantages and very successful postoperative results. The alar retraction was not encountered in our technique and this is the superior aspect of our technique over similar methods described in the literature.

The paradigm of analyses of poverty and social exclusion

Poverty and social exclusion are notions present in the public sphere, as well as in scientific analysis. Their application is usually not accompanied by adequate definition. This article formulates the thesis that there is one (it is debatable) complex paradigm of poverty and social exclusion. It consists of four levels (called as paradigm elements in this article): (1) history and culture, (2) political concepts, (3) new concepts and attempts of their operationalisation, and (4) discursiveness. This division is based on the multidisciplinary criterion, which means that it may not be quite precise. The development of potential effective programmes to combat poverty and social exclusion requires prior (conceptually appropriate and taking into account their complex nature) defining these phenomena.

Features of aggressive behavior of young men in relation to persons of other nationalities

The extremely high concentration of aggression in society towards people of other nationalities and the lack of an unambiguous and adequate scientific definition of this complex phenomenon make the problem of aggressiveness research one of the most urgent in the modern world. The authors consider four main approaches to the study of aggression, which can be designated as instinctivistic, frustration, behavioristic and cognitive. The article presents the main results of an empirical study in the form of a questionnaire, the respondents of which were high school boys of one of the city's secondary schools.

The Role of Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Background: Ischemic stroke can be classified into five etiological types, according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification, and its adequate investigation and characterization can aid in its clinical management and in preventing new events. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) plays a key role in investigating its etiology; approximately one-third of the patients remain without an adequate definition of the etiology or are classified as the undetermined TOAST type.Objectives: To evaluate if the percentage of patients with indeterminate etiology according to the TOAST classification decreased after transthoracic echocardiography, to determine whether or not the prognosis after ischemic stroke is worse among patients classified as the undetermined TOAST type, and to verify the predictive capacity of echocardiography on the prognosis after ischemic stroke.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, clinical, neurological, and echocardiographic examinations were conducted when the patient was hospitalized for stroke. In-hospital mortality and functional capacity were evaluated at hospital discharge and 90 days thereafter. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for confounding factors. The level of significance was 5%.Results: A total of 1,100 patients (men = 606; 55.09%), with a mean age of 68.1 ± 13.3 years, were included in this study. Using TTE, 977 patients (88.82%) were evaluated and 448 patients (40.7%) were classified as the undetermined TOAST type. The patients who underwent TTE were 3.1 times less likely to classified as the undetermined TOAST type (OR = 0.32; p < 0.001). Echocardiography during hospitalization was a protective factor against poor prognosis, and reduced the odds of in-hospital death by 11.1 times (OR: 0.090; p < 0.001). However, the presence of the undetermined TOAST classification elevated the chance of mortality during hospitalization by 2.0 times (OR: 2.00; p = 0.013).Conclusions: Echocardiography during hospitalization for ischemic stroke reduces the chances of an undetermined TOAST classification and the risk of in-hospital mortality. However, being classified as the undetermined TOAST type increases the chance of mortality during hospitalization, suggesting that evaluating patients using echocardiography during hospitalization for acute ischemic stroke is important.

Study on the Importance of a Slicer Selection for the 3D Printing Process Parameters via the Investigation of G-Code Readings

The work deals with the investigation of the variation of the selected 3D printing process properties that originate from the choice of a slicer. Specifically, the main aim of the present study was to assess the induced changes of the kinematic and geometric properties considered by the slicer for the printing process making use of the G-code readings. The paper provides adequate definitions and formulas required to characterize the slicer’s configuration. Next, the selected cases of the process parameters’ changes were studied, primarily taking into account varying layer height and infill. The authors performed a detailed analysis regarding the geometric implications at the mesoscale due to the slicer’s settings. Appropriate modifications of the slicer’s properties were also proposed and verified, making it possible to match the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the printed part.

State security of Ukraine in modern conditions: problems of competence of government bodies

This paper examines the problem of development of the term “state security” in Ukraine, legal context of implementation, adequate definitions for state authorities` competence in sphere of security. Based on traditional theoretical legal definition of state as organization of political power, security of state depends on the components of security such as politics, economy, scientific and technological policy as the foundation of innovation policy. In today's world economics is driven by knowledge. Therefore, structure of innovation economy may be described as conditional pattern “common economy = economy of science + economy of technics + economy of production (real economy)”. The economy in this context may be described as “economy of science (information =&gt; information resources =&gt; innovations =&gt; qualitatively new knowledge =&gt; intellectual resources), economy of technics and economy of production”. In this sense state security depends on political component of economic security. Systematization of competence of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (national parliament), President of Ukraine, National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, local authorities in the sphere of security is far from perfect. The authors argue that the state security is not only within the competence of Security Service of Ukraine according to prescriptions of the law. These objectives are subjects for other state authorities. However, the problems of separation of competence for state powers and state authorities are complex and need following studies.