Adenosine Disodium Triphosphate Research Articles

Supplement of exogenous inorganic pyrophosphate inhibits atheromatous calcification in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice

Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is the endogenous inhibitor for vascular calcification (VC). The present study was to investigate the effects of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ADTP) and alendronate sodium (AL), two exogenous PPi sources, on the atheromatous calcification (AC) in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. ApoE KO mice were randomly divided into five groups: ApoE KO group, ApoE KO + ADTP (Low) group, ApoE KO + ADTP (High) group, ApoE KO + AL (Low) group and ApoE KO + AL (High) group. The mice in ApoE KO + ADTP (Low) group and ApoE KO + ADTP (High) group were intraperitoneally injected with ADTP with dose of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg/day for 2 months respectively. The mice in ApoE KO + AL (Low) group and ApoE KO + AL (High) group were intraperitoneally injected with AL with dose of 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg/day for 2 months respectively. The age matched C57 mice were used as control group. All ApoE KO and C57 mice were fed with normal chow throughout the experiment. The calcification was evaluated using von Kossa method. The contents of PPi, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were measured. The results showed that compared with C57 mice, ApoE KO mice developed severe AC accompanied with high levels of TC, TG, LDL, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum and with low levels of PPi and IL-10 in serum. Both ADTP and AL dose-dependently reduced the AC in ApoE KO mice compared with that of ApoE mice, without affecting the contents of lipid profiles. In addition, ADTP and AL increased the contents of PPi and IL-10 while decreased the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ in serum of ApoE KO mice, having no affection on ALP activity. The results suggested that ADTP and AL reduced AC in ApoE KO mice by increasing the PPi level and regulating the inflammation.

The roles and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in pathological myocardial remodeling.

Pathological myocardial remodeling was still one of the leading causes of death worldwide with an unmet therapeutic need. A growing number of researchers have addressed the role of epigenome changes in cardiovascular diseases, paving the way for the clinical application of novel cardiovascular-related epigenetic targets in the future. In this review, we summarized the emerged advances of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, Histone posttranslational modification, Adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling, Non-coding RNA, and RNA modification, in pathological myocardial remodeling. Also, we provided an overview of the mechanisms that potentially involve the participation of these epigenetic regulation.

Ratio fluorometric determination of ATP base on the reversion of fluorescence of calcein quenched by Eu(III) ion using carbon dots as reference

A kind of nitrogen doped carbon dots (NCDs) with excellent stable luminescence performance was prepared by pyrolysis using ethanolamine as precursor. By simply mixing solution of NCDs and calcein-Eu3+, a ratio fluorometric probe with carbon dots as "internal reference" and calcein-Eu3+ as recognition group was constructed for ATP detection. The fluorescence of the calcein can be selectively quenched by Eu3+, and can be restored when ATP was added because Eu3+ ions exhibit higher affinity to the oxygen-donor atoms originated from phosphates than that from carboxylate groups. Meanwhile, fluorescence of NCDs was not affected by Eu3+, calcein or ATP. By adding NCDs as "internal reference" in the above system, a new ratiometric strategy for detecting ATP was conducted. The dynamic linear range for ATP detection was 5.0 × 10−8 mol L−1~ 2.0 × 10−6 mol L−1, and the detection limit was 2.0 × 10−8 mol L−1.The method was successfully applied to detecting ATP in adenosine disodium triphosphate injection. Compared with calcein- Eu3+ probe without NCDs as reference, the ratio fluorometric probe effectively reduced interference and improved the accuracy and sensitivity.

Spectroscopic study of the interaction between adenosine disodium triphosphate and gatifloxacin-Al3+ complex and its analytical application.

A new and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been proposed to determine trace amount of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP). The method is based on the fluorimetric interaction between gatifloxacin (GFLX)-aluminium (III) (Al(3+) ) complex and ATP and studied using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Weak luminescence spectra of Al(3+) were enhanced after complexation with GFLX at 423 nm upon excitation at 272 nm due to energy transfer from the ligand to the Al(3+) ion. It was observed that the FL emission spectrum of GFLX-Al(3+) was enhanced significantly by the addition of ATP. Under the optimal conditions, the enhancement of FL intensity at 423 nm was responded linearly with the concentration of ATP in the range 1.3 × 10(-10) - 1.0 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9981. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1.1 × 10(-11) mol L(-1) for ATP with the standard deviation (RSD) of 1.21% for five repeated measurement of 2.3 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) ATP. The presented method is simple, sensitive, free from coexisting interferents and can be applied successfully to determine ATP in the real samples.

Determination of principal components and related substances in adenosine disodium triphosphate preparation by ion chromatography

A new method was developed for the determination of adenosine disodium triphos- phate (ATP-Na2 ) and its related substances in ATP-Na2 preparation by ion chromatography (IC). The sample was diluted with ultrapure water and filtrated by 0.22 μm polyether sulfone filter membrance, and then analyzed by IC directly without any more pretreatment. The analysis was performed on a Dionex IonPac AS11-HC column (250 mm x 4 mm) and a guard column Ion-Pac AG11-HC (50 mm x 4 mm). A KOH eluent generator cartridge was used for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was performed by a Dionex suppressed (Dionex AERS 500 4-mm) conductivity detector. The injection volume was 10 μL. The assay was quantitatively completed by external standard method and the related substances were calculated with correction factors. The linear ranges of the method for ATP-Na2, adenosine disodium diphosphate (ADP-Na2) and adenosine disodium monophosphate (AMP-Na2) were 0.000 146-1.83 g/L (r = 0.9997), 0.000484-1.51 g/L (r = 0.9996) and 0.000426-0.804 g/L (r = 0.9999), respectively. The average recoveries of ATP-Na2 were 96.50%, 96.57% and 96.77% at three spiked levels. The limits of quantitation (S/N = 10) of ATP-Na2, ADP-Na2 and AMP-Na2 were 1.5 ng, 4.8 ng, 4.3 ng, and the limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.58 ng, 1.21 ng, 1.28 ng, respectively. The results demonstrated that the system has the advantages of high sensitivity, facile automation and simple sample pretreatment. The method is suitable for the quality control of adenosine disodium triphosphate preparations.

Sensitive determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate in soil, milk, and pharmaceutical formulation by enoxacin–europium (III) fluorescence complex in solution

A new spectroflurometric method for the determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP) is developed. Fluorometric interaction between ATP and enoxacin (ENX)–Eu 3+ complex was studied using UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Weak luminescence spectra of Eu 3+ were enhanced after complexation with ENX at 589 nm and 614 nm upon excitation at 395 nm due to energy transfer from the ligand to the lanthanide ion. It was observed that luminescence spectrum of Eu 3+ was strongly enhanced further at 614 nm after incorporation of ATP into the ENX–Eu 3+ complex. Under optimal conditions, the enhancement of luminescence at 614 nm was responded linearly with the concentration of ATP. The linearity was maintained in the range of 1.5×10 −10–1.15×10 −8 M ( R=0.9973) with the limit of detection (3σ) of 4.71×10 −11 M. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 9 repeated measurements of 1×10 −9 M ATP was 1.25%. Successful determinations of ATP in soil, milk, and a pharmaceutical formulation with the proposed method were demonstrated.

Determination of Adenosine Disodium Triphosphate Using Water-solubility Cation Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer as a Fluorescence Probe

Determination of Adenosine Disodium Triphosphate Using Water-solubility Cation Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer as a Fluorescence Probe

Fluorimetric study of the interaction between ATP and ciprofloxacin-Y 3+ complex and its application

A simple spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of trace amount of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP). Under the optimum conditions, we studied the interaction between CIP-Y 3+-ATP complex by using absorption and fluorescence spectra. It was observed that ATP remarkably enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the CIP-Y 3+ complex at λ em=415 nm and the enhanced fluorescence intensity of Y 3+ ion remained proportional to the concentration of ATP. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of ATP in ATP injection sample. A suitable mechanism of fluorescence enhancement between CIP-Y 3+ and the CIP-Y 3+-ATP system was proposed and discussed.

Determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate using prulifloxacin–terbium(III) as a fluorescence probe by spectrofluorimetry

A new spectrofluorimetric method is developed for determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP). The interactions between prulifloxacin (PUFX)–Tb 3+ complex and adenosine disodium triphosphate has been studied by using UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. Using prulifloxacin–Tb 3+ as a fluorescence probe, under the optimum conditions, ATP can remarkably enhance the fluorescence intensity of the prulifloxacin–Tb 3+ complex at λ = 545 nm and the enhanced fluorescence intensity is in proportion to the concentration of ATP. Optimum conditions for the determination of ATP were also investigated. The dynamic range for the determination of ATP is 4.0 × 10 −7 to 2.0 × 10 −5 mol L −1, and the detection limit (3 σ/ k) is 1.7 × 10 −8 mol L −1. This method is simple, practical and relatively free interference from coexisting substances and can be successfully applied to determination of ATP in real pharmaceutical samples. The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement of prulifloxacin–Tb 3+ complex by ATP was also discussed.

Spectroscopic study on the interaction of acridine yellow with adenosine disodium triphosphate and its analytical application

The interaction of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP) with acridine yellow and its analytical application have been studied. In an alkalescent medium, adenosine disodium triphosphate react with acridine yellow to form an ion-association by virtue of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of resonance light scattering (RLS) intensity of acridine yellow. The maximum scattering wavelength is at 325 nm. The spectral characteristics of the ion-associates, the effective factors and the optimum conditions have been investigated. The enhanced RLS intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of ATP in the range of 0.80–20.0 μg ml −1 with the detection limit 0.086 μg ml −1. The method has been successfully applied to the quick determination of ATP in tablet and injection samples. The results of the present method are in agreement with those obtained by the method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP) using norfloxacin–Tb 3+ as a fluorescence probe by spectrofluorimetry

A new spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of trace amount of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP). Using norfloxacin (NFLX)–terbium (Tb 3+) as a fluorescent probe, in the buffer solution of pH=7.40, ATP can remarkably enhance the fluorescence intensity of the NFLX–Tb 3+ complex at λ = 545 nm and the enhanced fluorescence intensity of Tb 3+ ion is in proportion to the concentration of ATP. Optimum conditions for the determination of ATP were also investigated. The dynamic range for the determination of ATP is 1.00×10 −6–1.60×10 −5 mol/L with detection limit of 4.13×10 −8 mol/L. This method is simple, practical and relatively free interference from coexisting substances and can be successfully applied to determination of ATP in samples.

Determination of ATP as a Fluorescence Probe with Europium(III)-Doxycycline

A new spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP). We studied the interactions between the doxycycline (DC)-Eu3+ complex and adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP) by using UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra. Using doxycycline (DC)-Eu3+ as a fluorescence probe, under the optimum conditions, ATP could remarkably enhance the fluorescence intensity of the DC-Eu3+ complex at lambda = 612 nm. The enhanced fluorescence intensity of the Eu3+ ion was in proportion to the concentration of ATP. The optimum conditions for the determination of ATP were also investigated. The linear ranges for ATP were 1.00 x 10(-7) - 2.00 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) with detection limits of 4.07 x 10(-8) mol L(-1). This method is simple, practical and relatively free of interference from coexisting substances, and can be successfully applied to the determination of ATP in samples. The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement between the doxycycline (DC)-Eu3+ complex and ATP was also studied.

Fluorescense Study of the Interaction Between Adenosine Disodium Triphosphate (ATP) and Ciprofloxacin‐ Tb3+ and Its Analytical Application

A new spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP). We studied the interactions between ciprofloxacin (CIP)‐ Tb3+ complex and adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP) by using UV–Visible absorption and fluorescence spectra. Using CIP‐ Tb3+ as a fluorescence probe, under the optimum conditions, ATP can remarkably enhance the fluorescence intensity of the CIP‐Tb3+ complex at λ = 545 nm and the enhanced fluorescence intensity of Tb3+ ion is in proportion to the concentration of ATP. Optimum conditions for the determination of ATP were also investigated. The linear ranges for ATP are 1.00 × 10−7∼1.00 × 10−5 mol/L with detection limits of 4.60 × 10−8 mol/L. This method is simple, practical, and relatively free of interference from coexisting substances and can be successfully applied to determination of ATP in samples. The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement between CIP‐ Tb3+ complex and ATP was also studied. The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China for its financial support. (Grant No. 20271043).

Determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP) using oxytetracycline–Eu 3+ as a fluorescence probe by spectrofluorimetry

A new spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP). We studied the interactions between oxytetracycline (OTC)–Eu 3+ complex and adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP) by using UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. Using oxytetracycline (OTC)–Eu 3+ as a fluorescence probe, under the optimum conditions, ATP can remarkably enhance the fluorescence intensity of the OTC–Eu 3+ complex at λ = 612 nm and the enhanced fluorescence intensity of Eu 3+ ion is in proportion to the concentration of ATP. Optimum conditions for the determination of ATP were also investigated. The linear ranges for ATP are 8.00 × 10 −8–1.50 × 10 −6 mol L −1 with detection limits of 2.67 × 10 −9 mol L −1. This method is simple, practical and relatively free interference from coexisting substances and can be successfully applied to determination of ATP in samples. The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement between oxytetracycline (OTC)–Eu 3+ complex and ATP was also studied.