Additive Technology Research Articles

“The improvement of Iraqi Non-specialist learners' writing motivation and performance through the blogging technique: A Case Study”

The current study probed the impact of the blogging technique on Iraqi non-specialist students' writing motivation and competence to provide further insight into the value of weblogs in learning contexts. Convenience sampling was used to choose 50 Iraqi non-specialist students from two intact university courses to participate in the study. Next, 25 students were assigned to the experimental group, while 25 students were assigned to the control group at random. In the procedure of instructing writing skills, the experimental group's students used blogs to publish their homework, while the control group was given conventional instruction without utilizing blogs or any additional technology. Data were collected using a pretest along with a posttest that consisted of the L2 writing motivation measure and the IELTS tests for writing. The results shown that while the two groups’ writing skills and motivation increased, the blog group's students outperformed the control group, indicating the use of the blogging procedure in instructing significantly improved the writing skills and motivation of non-specialist students. Such results can have important ramifications for teachers who teach non-specialist students.

Comparison of the Intensity of Biofilm Production by Oral Microflora and Its Adhesion on the Surface of Zirconia Produced in Additive and Subtractive Technology: An In Vitro Study.

This in vitro study set out to find out how well oral cavity-dwelling bacteria can form biofilms and adhere on the surfaces of zirconium oxide samples created by 3D printing and milling technologies. 5 strains of microorganisms were used for the study, and 40 zirconium oxide samples were prepared, which were divided into two groups (n = 20)-20 samples produced using removal technology comprised the control group, while 20 samples produced by 3D printing technology comprised the test group. The prepared samples were placed in culture media of bacteria and fungi that naturally occur in the oral cavity. Then, the intensity of biofilm build-up on the samples was determined using qualitative and quantitative methods. The results for both materials were compared with each other. No variations in the degree of biofilm deposition on zirconium oxide samples were found for the microorganisms Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. For Candida albicans fungi, more intense biofilm deposition was observed on samples made using 3D printing technology, but these differences were not statistically significant. The biofilm accumulation intensity of ceramics produced by additive technology is comparable to that of milled zirconium oxide, which supports the material's broader use in clinical practice from a microbiological perspective. This ceramic has demonstrated its ability to compete with zirconium oxide produced by milling techniques in in vitro experiments, but sadly, no in vivo tests have yet been found to determine how this material will function in a patient's oral cavity.

Polymer materials to produce wrist-hand orthoses using the additive method

Wrist-hand orthosis was developed using PolyJet Matrix (PJM) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) additive technologies. MED610 and PLACTIVE were used as the filament. The orthosis was divided into parts A and B. The accuracy of both parts was checked using an optical scanner. The PJM method was more accurate. The compressive strength and stress relaxation of the orthosis were also tested. Greater strength was achieved for part A made using PJM technology, and for part B made using FFF technology.

The Potential of 3D Printing in Thermal Insulating Composite Materials-Experimental Determination of the Impact of the Geometry on Thermal Resistance.

This paper focuses on the analysis of the thermal properties of prototype insulation structures produced using SLS and SLA additive technologies. There is a noticeable lack of analysis in the scientific literature regarding the geometry of 3D-printed structures in terms of their thermal properties. The aim of this paper was to analyze printed samples of prototype thermal insulation composite structures and their potential for use in building applications. The research material consisted of closed and open cell foams of varying structural complexity. Increasing the complexity of the composite core structure resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient λ and the heat transfer coefficient U, and an increase in the thermal resistance Rc. The experimental results showed that the geometric structure of the air voids in the material is a key factor in regulating heat transfer. The control of porosity in materials produced by additive technology can be an effective tool for designing structures with high insulation efficiency. The best performance of the prototype materials produced by the SLS method was a three-layer cellular composite with a gyroid core structure. It was also shown that the four-layer gyroid structure panels with an outer layer of metallized polyethylene film produced using 3D SLA printing had the best thermal insulation. As a result, the analysis confirmed the possibility of producing energy-efficient insulation materials using 3D printing. These materials can be used successfully in construction and other industries. Further research will significantly improve the quality, accuracy, and speed of printing insulation materials, reduce the negative impact on the natural environment, and develop intelligent adaptive solutions.

AUTOMATED SELECTION SYSTEM FOR MEASURING GEOMETRIC VALUES FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES DETAILS OF COMPLEX SHAPE

Based on the analysis of the characteristics of modern measuring instruments, the functioning of automated systems
 of metrological equipment and the design of technological processes, methodological, algorithmic and software
 procedures for the selection of measuring instruments of geometric quantities of parts of complex shape for the technological
 preparation of additive and subtractive machine-building industries are proposed, taking into account the type
 of magnitude, metrological characteristics of measuring instruments, measurement conditions and application features
 related to the geometry of surfaces, the technology of their form formation, accessibility and location, which allows to
 reduce the complexity of design work and improve the quality of technological solutions. The system can be used in
 design bureaus of machine-building enterprises; IT companies for the creation and improvement of automated systems;
 educational process for the training of specialists in the production of products based on additive and subtractive technologies.

Comparative analysis of the results of using individual titanium frameworks and resorbable collagen membranes in alveolar bone reconstruction

This article describes a method of directed bone regeneration (DBR) of alveolar bone using 3D printed individual titanium framework membranes (ITFMs). Using computer modelling and additive technologies, we have designed and manufactured ITFMs for directed bone regeneration. The use of such membranes made it possible to reduce the duration of operations and obtain a larger volume of bone regenerate. Barrier membranes made of cross-linked collagen with a long resorption time were used as a comparison group.Results. The use of ICTM for alveolar bone reconstruction allowed us to achieve a maximum bone regenerate height of 6.28 mm, while using Lamina collagen membrane – 2.75 mm. The median difference of bone height before and after surgery with ICTM was 3.605 mm, for Lamina – 1.33 mm. The obtained results allowed us to recommend the use of Lamina membrane for restoration of alveolar bone width and/or height within 3 mm. In case of combined defects of alveolar bone width and height of more than 3 mm, we recommend the use of customized 3D printed titanium frame membranes.

Comparison of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Hybrid Light Aircraft with traditional and additive winding technologies

Electrical motors are key components in the electrical transition required for greenhouse gas reduction programs. Future aircraft will certainly employ electrical motors for primary and secondary surface control, for landing gear and for other actuations such as high-lift systems, and they will also need electrical motors for propulsion. The motors pose the hardest challenge due to the high-power density required. Hybrid-Electric propulsion represents one of the most important topics in the aerospace industry and offers an opportunity to pursue the electrification change especially in light aircraft segments. The focus of this paper is the comparison among permanent magnet synchronous motors for Hybrid Light Aircraft propulsion with traditional and additive winding technologies.

Martensitic Transformation in Austenitic Steel 316L Produced by Additive Technology

Martensitic Transformation in Austenitic Steel 316L Produced by Additive Technology

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF PROSTHETICS

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the state of innovative solutions for prosthetics technologies, in particular using 3D printing, in Ukraine and the world, based on the patent information search. Methodology of research. The abstract and logical method was used to achieve this goal in aim to develop the needs and status of innovative solutions in the field of prosthetics; comparative and economic method - to analyse the domestic and world experience of introducing innovative products in the field of prosthetics; statistical analysis and generalization - to conduct a patent information search and formulate the relevant conclusions of the study. Findings. The article analyses the prosthetics and rehabilitation industry in Ukraine and the world, defines the landscape and analyses the needs to meet the market of a new industry sector for Ukraine. Based on the patent information research conducted according to the formed search query, the results show that the dynamics of patenting prosthetic technologies in the world is positive and has peaked in recent years. The companies that occupy a leading role in the prosthetics market are identified and their quantitative patent portfolios are visualized. The number of patents related to the use of new 3D printing technologies was determined by a refined search query. A separate search and analysis of patent solutions in Ukraine was carried out, which shows the absence of valid patents for industrial property rights in the field of prosthetics, which is a negative factor for prosthetic companies, people who need prosthetics and the innovation ecosystem of Ukraine in general. Originality. The practical and methodological foundations for the development of the prosthetic industry in Ukraine, the actualization of the creation of competitive prosthetic solutions, which should be acquired as objects of intellectual property rights, are substantiated, and recommendations for the development of new technologies in Ukraine through the system of RnD centres are provided. Practical value. The results of the conducted patent information research can be used in planning strategies for the creation of intellectual property rights, in finding partners from other countries for the exchange of experience and potential cooperation, and in determining the state of the art of innovative technologies in general. As a way to improve the quality of products of prosthetic enterprises and the possibility of wide scaling of technologies, it is proposed to create RnD centres where it will be possible to create a prototype and test it before production. Faster delivery of a new result will help many people to receive high-quality prostheses, which is directly related to the quality of their lives. Key words: innovation, patent, enterprise, prosthesis, additive technologies, RnD centre.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕХАТРОННОГО СТАНОЧНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ В ГИБРИДНОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

World trends and prospects of development of technological equipment complexes are considered. The applied stages and phases of machining equipment design are analyzed by means of constructing design schemes traditional for machine mechanics. It is proposed to create technological machine tool complexes by layout synthesis with the help of element base, which should contain functional technological and service modules, and the service purpose of the machine tool should include the nomenclature of manufactured surface modules. It is shown that the prospects of application of energy flows for intensification of machining processes should be analyzed at the early stages of design, using thermal and electrophysical criteria to study the emerging relations in the system. It is suggested to start designing mechatronic systems of machine tool complexes from the analysis of structural relations of information technologies in hybrid production including traditional and additive technologies.

The Effect of the Crane Load on the Floor Slab Made Using a 3D Printer

The possibility of installing a floor slab made using additive technologies by layer-by-layer printing by a crane in the design position is being studied. According to the design, this plate consists of an outer and an inner layer, which are connected by an undulating inner element. The floor slab measuring 4.8х5 meters is planned to be manufactured on the ground in a vertical position, then the structure is transferred to a horizontal position by a crane and mounted in the design position. For this design, the finite element method is used to calculate 3 cases for the action of a crane load. The calculation results showed that when the structure is rearranged in a vertical position, the probability of tearing off the sling loops is high. When the structure is rotated from a vertical position to a horizontal position, cracks opening of more than 0.5 mm are observed in uncovered areas. When lifting the plate in a horizontal position by a crane and installing it in the design position, there is a multiple crack opening of more than 0.5 mm. Based on the calculation results, it was concluded that printing large floor slabs in a vertical position is not advisable, since during subsequent installation the structure receives multiple cracks and is not suitable for overlapping a residential building.

Theoretical and experimental research on the mechanical tests of 3D printed samples from various materials

At this moment, a real industrial, scientific and technological revolution is being discussed worldwide, consisting in the development of Additive Manufacturing AM technologies through the use of 3D printing. The FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) 3D printing technology consists in the deposition of fusible material layer by layer in the XOY plane, the thickness of the 3D printed layer is g = 0.12 ÷ 0.24 mm, the resolution of 3D printing is r = 0.1mm, while the print head advances vertically on the OZ axis. The purpose of the work is to determine the breaking moment through destructive mechanical bending tests of some samples made by 3D printing from the following materials: ABS+, PETG and PLA. 5 samples were made in 3 printing directions: horizontal, vertical and lateral, resulting in 15 samples for each material. The total number of samples used is 45. Knowing these values, depending on the requirements of the specifications, a certain material and a certain printing position can be used.

Systems vaccinology studies – achievements and future potential

Human immune responses to vaccination are variable both within and between populations. Systems vaccinology, which is the application of multi-omics technologies to vaccine studies, seeks to understand such variation and predict responses to optimise vaccine strategies. Here, we outline new approaches to systems vaccinology, focusing on the incorporation of additional cohorts, endpoints and technologies.

High-Dimensional Methods of Single-Cell Microglial Profiling to Enhance Understanding of Neuropathological Disease.

Microglia are the innate myeloid cells of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, functionally implicated in almost every defined neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder. Current understanding of disease pathogenesis for many neuropathologies is limited and/or lacks reliable diagnostic markers, vaccines, and treatments. With the increasing aging of society and rise in neurogenerative diseases, improving our understanding of their pathogenesis is essential. Analysis of microglia from murine disease models provides an investigative tool to unravel disease processes. In many neuropathologies, bone-marrow-derived monocytes are recruited to the CNS, adopting a phenotype similar to that of microglia. This significantly confounds the accurate identification of cell-type-specific functions and downstream therapeutic targeting. The increased capacity to analyze more phenotypic markers using spectral-cytometry-based technologies allows improved separation of microglia from monocyte-derived cells. Full-spectrum profiling enables enhanced marker resolution, time-efficient analysis of >40 fluorescence parameters, and extraction of cellular autofluorescence parameters. Coupling this system with additional cytometric technologies, including cell sorting and high-parameter imaging, can improve the understanding of microglial phenotypes in disease. To this end, we provide detailed, step-by-step protocols for the analysis of murine brain tissue by high-parameter ex vivo cytometric analysis using the Aurora spectral cytometer (Cytek), including best practices for unmixing and autofluorescence extraction, cell sorting for single-cell RNA analysis, and imaging mass cytometry. Together, this provides a toolkit for researchers to comprehensively investigate microglial disease processes at protein, RNA, and spatial levels for the identification of therapeutic targets in neuropathology. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Processing the mouse brain into a single-cell suspension for microglia isolation Basic Protocol 2: Staining single-cell mouse brain suspensions for microglial phenotyping by spectral cytometry Basic Protocol 3: Flow cytometric sorting of mouse microglia for ex vivo analysis Basic Protocol 4: Processing the mouse brain for imaging mass cytometry for spatial microglia analysis.

The Use of 3D Printed Sand Molds and Cores in the Castings Production

As a part of this work, an analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of additive technology - binder jetting in the production of castings was made. The binder jetting (so-called 3D printing) has become the leading method of sand mold and core production. Within this paper types of molding and core sands with organic and inorganic binders that are and can be used in technology were analyzed. The need to carry out works aimed at developing pro-ecological molding / core sands with inorganic binders and organic binders with reduced harmfulness to the environment dedicated to binder jetting technology was noticed. The influence of technology parameters on the properties of molding / core sands and the properties of cast components was analyzed. It was shown that thanks to the unlimited shapes of the systems obtained with the use of additive technologies, it is possible to influence the rate of heat dissipation through the mold, which positively effects the process of solidification and crystallization of the castings.

Fast Disaster Event Detection from Social Media: An Active Learning Method

This study introduces a novel framework for fast disaster event detection from social media,hich incorporates active learning into Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM). In theace of increasing disaster-related information on social media platforms, our method addresses thehallenge of efficiently processing vast, unstructured datasets to accurately extract crucial disasterrelatednsights. Leveraging the contextual processing strengths of Bi-LSTM and the data efficiencyf active learning, our approach significantly outperforms several baseline models in accuracy,recision, recall, and F1-score. We demonstrate that our method effectively balances these metrics,nsuring reliable disaster detection while minimizing false positives and negatives. The studylso explores the impact of various model parameters on performance, offering insights for futureptimizations. Despite its promising results, the study acknowledges limitations such as datauality, representativeness, and computational resource requirements. Future work will focus onnhancing data preprocessing, expanding language and scenario applicability, and integrating theodel with additional technologies for broader disaster management applications.

Determinants of Physical Teachers’ Attitude toward Technology Integration in Shenzhen Schools, China

Background and Aim: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing Physical teachers’ attitudes toward technology integration in Shenzhen Schools, China. The variables used in this research framework include Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Knowledge, Technology Pedagogy and Content Knowledge, Technology Integration Self-efficacy, Intention to Integrate Technology, Teaching Style, Contextual Factors, Intention to Integrate Technology and Instructional Technology Outcome Expectation. Materials and Methods: The research utilized a quantitative survey research method using a questionnaire to investigate the influencing factors. The purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit 359 respondents in Shenzhen City to participate in the study. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural equation model was utilized to test the hypotheses. Results: The results revealed that physical education teachers’ intention to integrate technology can be influenced by the attitudes of Technological Integration Self-efficacy and Contextual Factors. In addition, the Technology Integration Self-efficacy is influenced by Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge. For the instructional technology outcome expectation, this factor can be influenced by the TISE and the IIT. Furthermore, the mediating effects were found for the teachers’ intention to integrate technology and the technology integration self-efficacy. Conclusion: The results showed that for physical education teachers to change their attitude toward technology integration, they need to increase their self-efficacy level. It is also important for the school to provide additional technology knowledge or support for teachers to ensure that the teachers can increase their competency toward technology usage, which could result in the increased utilization of technology in physical education classes.

Asymmetric role of green energy, innovation, and technology in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions: evidence from India.

The primary cause of environmental degradation, which poses a danger to the long-term viability of the ecosystem, is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). For this reason, the Glasgow Climate Pact (COP26) established a decarbonization goal in response to this ecological concern, for which all economic players have a responsibility. India is among the participants who have a target set for them to decarbonize their economies by the year 2060 via the use of green energy and the advancement of science and innovation. Nevertheless, the asymmetrical effect of green energy, technology, and innovation on India's decarbonization program was not sufficiently explored in the prior study; hence, this research aims to fill this literature vacuum by considering India's GHG emissions from 1990 to 2020 by leveraging the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The findings reveal the asymmetric influences of variables of interest on GHG emissions during the short and long term and under positive and negative shocks. Regarding the positive shock, long-term findings demonstrate that innovation and technical know-how grow GHG emissions and accelerate environmental degradation. However, a negative shock in innovations and technological know-how is opposed to a positive shock and improving environmental conditions. Further, positive shocks in green energy boost environmental effectiveness by reducing GHG secretions in India. In contrast, the negative shock in green energy deteriorates the environment by triggering GHG releases. These factual findings compel the Indian government to prioritize green technologies in addition to green energy generation to decouple economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions and meet rising energy demands.

Additive and Lithographic Manufacturing of Biomedical Scaffold Structures Using a Versatile Thiol-Ene Photocurable Resin.

Additive and lithographic manufacturing technologies using photopolymerisation provide a powerful tool for fabricating multiscale structures, which is especially interesting for biomimetic scaffolds and biointerfaces. However, most resins are tailored to one particular fabrication technology, showing drawbacks for versatile use. Hence, we used a resin based on thiol-ene chemistry, leveraging its numerous advantages such as low oxygen inhibition, minimal shrinkage and high monomer conversion. The resin is tailored to applications in additive and lithographic technologies for future biofabrication where fast curing kinetics in the presence of oxygen are required, namely 3D inkjet printing, digital light processing and nanoimprint lithography. These technologies enable us to fabricate scaffolds over a span of six orders of magnitude with a maximum of 10 mm and a minimum of 150 nm in height, including bioinspired porous structures with controlled architecture, hole-patterned plates and micro/submicro patterned surfaces. Such versatile properties, combined with noncytotoxicity, degradability and the commercial availability of all the components render the resin as a prototyping material for tissue engineers.

The Influence of Additional Virtual Synchronous Generator Technology in VSC-MTDC Systems with Wind Power on System Frequency

Introduction: A frequency control strategy is proposed based on additional virtual synchronous generator technology for voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high voltage direct current systems with wind power. Method: This strategy addresses the system's inertia reduction and frequency stability issues caused by integrating large amounts of wind power through multi-terminal DC transmission. Firstly, the virtual synchronous generator mathematical model is constructed based on the system structure. Secondly, for the problem of zero rotational inertia of voltage source converter in a flexible DC transmission system, based on the P-U droop control method of the converter station, additional virtual synchronous control generation technology is applied to simulate the P-f droop characteristics of the synchronous generator by adding virtual rotational inertia, so that the converter has the inertial response of synchronous generator to realize primary frequency regulation. Result: Finally, the simulation is verified on the PSCAD/ EMTDC platform with an example of a three-terminal parallel MTDC transmission system. Conclusion: the analyzed results demonstrate that the virtual synchronous generator control strategy is very valuable and useful for improving the frequency performance of the system.