Additional Categories Research Articles

The offense characteristics of maternal filicides in eSwatini: adding to Resnick's classification model.

Maternal filicide, the murder of a child by a mother, is a complex phenomenon. Relatively little is known of filicide on the African continent, especially in eSwatini. This study highlights the complex dynamics at play when these crimes are committed. This retrospective study explored offense characteristics of maternal filicide cases in eSwatini from 2005 to January 2024. Thirty-one cases were identified through court documents and news reports. Content analysis was conducted on these cases. The study revealed that socio-cultural factors such as the role of a woman in society and traditional beliefs contributed to these crimes. Poverty and contextual challenges also contributed to the systemic reasons for these murders. Relationship challenges featured prominently. A unique finding in this study was the use of poison by biological mothers in all the filicide-suicide attempts. We argue for the inclusion of an additional socio-cultural category to Resnick's classification model. Ultimately, there is a need for further exploration of filicide in eSwatini and other contexts. This would aid in identifying risk factors in pregnant mothers, in young mothers, among couples, and within socio-cultural practices.

ULUSAL HABER WEB SİTELERİNDE KİŞİLİK BOZUKLUKLARININ DAMGALAMA AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Societies consider the media as an important source of information on psychological disorders. Evaluated from this perspective, the content of news in the media may contribute to an increase in stigmatization. This study aims to examine the news related to personality disorders on the most traffic-receiving news websites in Turkey in terms of stigmatization. The content analysis method was employed in this research. Relevant news between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2023, were included and evaluated. The news was segregated by researchers into four main themes: informative, crime-related, culture/art/events, and entertainment) based on similarities in content. In terms of stigmatization, the news content was assessed under headings such as murder, violence, threat/harassment, and others (deception, fraud, self-harm). The news content scanned in four media outlets between 2019 and 2023 was classified as negative or neutral. 54.26% of the news was negative, while 45.74% was neutral. According to the data, 54.26% of the news was negative, while 45.74% was neutral. The utilization of murder was observed in 20.00% of news articles with negative content, while violence was present in 25.71% of such articles. Among the negatively toned news, 20.00% was associated with murder, 25.71% with violence, 18.57% with threat/harassment, and 35.72% with other forms of stigmatization (deception, fraud, self-harm). In 60.00% of the news, the person’s photograph was included, while 54.29% included the person's name. These statistics suggest that these topics were employed to stigmatize certain individuals or groups. Photographic representations of individuals were employed in 60.00% of the news articles, while the mention of individuals’ names was seen in 54.29% of the news articles. Considering the scope of the issue and the stigmatizing content in the media, these results support the need for strong national and international alliances against stigma to coordinate the linguistic content in the news.

Dual functional roles of nutritional additives in nutritional fortification and safety of thermally processed food: Potential, limitations, and perspectives.

The Maillard reaction (MR) has been established to be a paramount contributor to the characteristic sensory property of thermally processed food products. Meanwhile, MR also gives rise to myriads of harmful byproducts (HMPs) (e.g., advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and acrylamide). Nutritional additives have attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to their potential to simultaneously improve nutritional quality and attenuate HMP formation. In this manuscript, a brief overview of various nutritional additives (vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, amino acids, dietary fibers, and miscellaneous micronutrients) in heat-processed food is provided, followed by a summary of the formation mechanisms of AGEs and acrylamide highlighting the potential crosstalk between them. The main body of the manuscript is on the capability of nutritional additives to modulate AGE and acrylamide formation besides their traditional roles as nutritional enhancers. Finally, limitations/concerns associated with their use to attenuate dietary exposure to HMPs and future perspectives are discussed. Literature data support that through careful control of the addition levels, certain nutritional additives possess promising potential for simultaneous improvement of nutritional value and reduction of AGE and acrylamide content via multiple action mechanisms. Nonetheless, there are some major concerns that may limit their wide applications for achieving such dual functions, including influence on sensory properties of food products, potential overestimation of nutrition enhancement, and introduction of hazardous alternative reaction products or derivatives. These could be overcome through comprehensive assay of dose-response relationships and systematic evaluation of the diverse combinations from the same and/or different categories of nutritional additives to establish synergistic mixtures.

Projectivity and subprojectivity domains in exact categories

We generalize to exact categories some new perspectives on projectivity, which allow us to unify a series of recent concepts from module categories or abelian categories and to obtain automatically dual results. We discuss objects having a minimal subprojectivity domain in exact categories, and we study properties of such domains, including several closure properties. We give applications to (possibly non-abelian) quasi-abelian categories, finitely accessible and exactly definable additive categories, and in particular, to module and comodule categories.

Exploring patient and caregiver perceptions of the meaning of the patient partner role: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe re-conceptualization of patients’ and caregivers’ roles in research from study participants to co-researchers (“patient partners”) has led to growing pains within and outside the research community, such as how to effectively engage patients in research and as part of interdisciplinary teams. To support the growth of more successful research partnerships by developing a shared understanding of how patient partners conceptualize and contribute to their role, this study aimed to explore patient partners’ motivations for engagement and understanding of their role.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with participants (n = 13) of an online survey of activities and impacts of patient engagement in Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research projects. Eligibility criteria included being a patient partner that indicated interest in interview participation upon survey completion, the ability to read/write in English and provide informed consent. Data were analyzed thematically using an inductive, codebook thematic analysis.ResultsIlluminating the lived/living patient and caregiver experience was central to how most patient partners conceptualized the role in terms of its definition, purpose, value, and responsibilities. Participants also identified four additional categories of motivations for becoming a patient partner and contributions that patient partners make to research that build upon and are in addition to sharing their lived/living experiences. Lastly, participants highlighted important connotations of the term patient partner, including temporal and context-specific considerations for the term “patient” and what “partner” may imply about the nature of the research relationship.ConclusionsAt the onset of partnership, academic researchers and patient partners must create the space necessary to discuss and understand each other’s underlying motivations for partnering and their perspectives on the purpose, value, and responsibilities of the patient partner role. These early conversations should help unearth what research partners hope to get out of and feel that they are able to contribute to engaging, and in such contribute to the development of reciprocal relationships that work towards shared and valued goals.Trial registration Not applicable.

Mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequencing confirms the presence of the invasive sea anemone Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) in Argentina.

Diadumene lineata is one of the most widespread sea anemone species worldwide. Although this species has been reported a few times on the Argentine coast since 2004, its identification has traditionally been based on external morphological characteristics, and in most cases no voucher specimens are available to support previous records. In this study, we obtained DNA sequences of two mitochondrial markers (12S and 16S) and two nuclear markers (18S and 28S) from specimens of D. lineata collected in two locations on the Argentine coast separated by almost 800 km. Additionally, we conducted an analysis of the morphology, as well as the types and size ranges of cnidae, using specimens collected at three different locations along the Argentine coast. Furthermore, since introduced populations of D. lineata are presumably ephemeral and only reproduce asexually outside their native range, we examined the internal anatomy of representatives from the Argentine coast for gametogenic tissue as an indication of whether they might be capable of sexual reproduction. DNA data support our morphological identification, including cnidae analyses, of the specimens as D. lineata. Furthermore, all specimens examined were determined to be sterile. Genetic sequence comparisons, phylogenetic reconstruction, and cnidae data support the identification of individuals of D. lineata from Mar Chiquita and Garipe Beach, confirming the presence of the species on the Argentine coast using both morphological and molecular tools. The absence of fertile specimens suggests that each sampled population is likely reproducing only by asexual reproduction and possibly composed of clones. The presence of an additional category of longer p-mastigophores B2a in the actinopharynx and filaments, as well as holotrichs in the column, is also reported. For the first time, we have confirmed the presence of D. lineata in Argentina through molecular data. Additionally, our findings indicate that the analyzed specimens are sterile, suggesting that this species is not engaging in sexual reproduction in the studied localities. It is crucial to continue monitoring the populations of D. lineata along the Argentine coast to assess whether they establish sexual reproduction, expand their distribution range or disappear, or potentially cause any harm to local species or alterations in benthic communities.

The Family Environment as a Source for Creating the Dietary Attitudes of Primary School Students-A Focus Group Interview: The Junior-Edu-Żywienie (JEŻ) Project.

The family environment plays a crucial role in creating the health behaviours of children and youth. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of parents with children aged 7-12 who represent an influential environment for creating the eating behaviours of children. A qualitative study was conducted using focus-group interviews (FGI) involving 101 parents from various socioeconomic backgrounds. Three categories of parents were identified based on their level of involvement and awareness of nutrition: 'aware', 'determined', and 'relaxed'. Among parents of 10-12-year-old students, an additional category, 'distanced' parents, was identified. The study revealed that parents require support in terms of providing compelling arguments and practical recommendations related to meals and reducing or eliminating their children's consumption of sweets, snacks, fast food, and, in the case of older students, energy drinks. Parents reported that their children had a moderate understanding of the principles of proper nutrition. The majority of respondents viewed this knowledge as primarily theoretical and expressed a need for practical guidance and activities, which they believe should be offered by schools. To achieve positive outcomes in educational activities related to food and nutrition, it is essential to involve children, parents, guardians, teachers, and other school staff in these efforts.

Homological Transfer between Additive Categories and Higher Differential Additive Categories

Homological Transfer between Additive Categories and Higher Differential Additive Categories

Dimensionless Groups by Entropic Similarity: II-Wave Phenomena and Information-Theoretic Flow Regimes.

The aim of this study is to explore the insights of the information-theoretic definition of similarity for a multitude of flow systems with wave propagation. This provides dimensionless groups of the form Πinfo=U/c, where U is a characteristic flow velocity and c is a signal velocity or wave celerity, to distinguish different information-theoretic flow regimes. Traditionally, dimensionless groups in science and engineering are defined by geometric similarity, based on ratios of length scales; kinematic similarity, based on ratios of velocities or accelerations; and dynamic similarity, based on ratios of forces. In Part I, an additional category of entropic similarity was proposed based on ratios of (i) entropy production terms; (ii) entropy flow rates or fluxes; or (iii) information flow rates or fluxes. In this Part II, the information-theoretic definition is applied to a number of flow systems with wave phenomena, including acoustic waves, blast waves, pressure waves, surface or internal gravity waves, capillary waves, inertial waves and electromagnetic waves. These are used to define the appropriate Mach, Euler, Froude, Rossby or other dimensionless number(s)-including new groups for internal gravity, inertial and electromagnetic waves-to classify their flow regimes. For flows with wave dispersion, the coexistence of different celerities for individual waves and wave groups-each with a distinct information-theoretic group-is shown to imply the existence of more than two information-theoretic flow regimes, including for some acoustic wave systems (subsonic/mesosonic/supersonic flow) and most systems with gravity, capillary or inertial waves (subcritical/mesocritical/supercritical flow). For electromagnetic wave systems, the additional vacuum celerity implies the existence of four regimes (subluminal/mesoluminal/transluminal/superluminal flow). In addition, entropic analyses are shown to provide a more complete understanding of frictional behavior and sharp transitions in compressible and open channel flows, as well as the transport of entropy by electromagnetic radiation. The analyses significantly extend the applications of entropic similarity for the analysis of flow systems with wave propagation.

The experiences of migrant pharmacists: A phenomenographical study

ObjectivesTo understand the experiences of migrant pharmacists in Ireland as they applied for recognition of their qualifications and registration with the national accrediting body. MethodsSemi structured interviews were conducted with eight participants recruited using purposive sampling. Interview transcripts were subject to a phenomenographic study using a stepwise, inductive approach. ResultsData analysis led to the development of a number of categories or descriptions of understanding that provided insight into the ways that participants experienced and conceptualised the phenomenon under study. Five categories of description were identified. These are (1) the migrator, (2) the navigator, (3) the student again, and (4) the registrant. For some, an additional category, (5) the mentee, was experienced. Within these categories, variation in participants' experiences was explored. ConclusionsParticipants reported a variety of reasons for migration, and upon embarking on the process, applicants were required to take on a variety of roles, with variation within each role dependent on a number of personal and external factors. Applicants faced personal, administrative, experiential and regulatory hurdles prior to registration, all of which should inform the development of future iterations of this and similar processes.

NCOG-32. THE SPECIFIC PSYCHOSOCIAL BURDEN OF CAREGIVERS OF ADULT NEURO-ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abstract OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of a brain tumor represents high burden for the patients’ caregivers (CG). Psychosocial screening tools adapted to the burden profile of CG are urgently required but do not exist. The aim was to develop a problem list for neuro-oncological CGs’ unmet needs for an application in combination to the Distress Thermometer scale. METHODS CG were prospectively assessed regarding changes in everyday life, relationship, social life, emotional, physical problems, and support needs, either via questionnaire (Center A) or by a qualitative interview (center B). A qualitative content analysis was performed by an inductive/deductive approach using MAXQDA® software. RESULTS A total of 50 caregivers were assessed (25 in center A via questionnaire, 25 in center B via interviews) during outpatient visits. Most frequently reported need was the need for psychological support (29/50, 58%). This was true after initial diagnosis (26/50, 52%) as well as in case of clinical deterioration of their loved-one (30/50, 60%). The results leaded to problem categories, congruent to the NCCN distress thermometer categories for cancer patients (practical, social, emotional, physical, and spiritual/existential problems). We detected new topics including “constraints/organization of (medical) appointments” (25/50, 50%) or “constant availability required for partner” (21/50, 42%). Also, 70% (35/50) put their own interests last or adapted their leisure activities. In the qualitative interviews (Center B), further items were identified, e.g., “dealing with psychological problems of the patient” (3/25, 12%), “different coping strategies among patient/caregiver” (4/25, 16%). We defined additional problem categories specifically adapted to CG of neurooncological patients, e.g., “problems due to neurocognitive/neuropsychological symptoms of the loved-one” and “problems with role as a caregiver”. CONCLUSION The interviews reflected the unmet needs of brain tumor caregivers. Our problem list developed for CG of neurooncological patients might allow for the targeted assessment and optimization of care.

Study on microstructural evolutions and properties of the magnesium oxysulfate cement in the initial curing processes

Magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) cement is a new type of cement building material with broad application prospects. The mechanical properties of MOS cement are closely related to the category of additives, and the content and process of hydration as well as their nanostructure. In particular, the nanostructures that have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of MOS require a thorough understanding. The morphology, heat properties, crystal processes and nanostructural changes of MOS cements had been studied by SEM, DTA/TG, XRD, and SAXS techniques. The new 5Mg(OH)2∙MgSO4∙7H2O (5−1−7) crystal phase in the MOS matrix crystallized in the form of micro-sized needles. Synchrotron radiation XRD experiments didn’t show the growth of the 5–1–7 crystalline phase before the final setting time. The nanostructural changes of MOS cements were studied by in-situ SAXS technique. The SAXS measurements revealed that the nanostructural change was mainly related to the nanopores in the MOS cement matrix and there had different hydration processes in the samples prepared with pure MgO or light-burned MgO and different additives after immersion in water for about 460 min. Additionally, the size increases of nanostructures in the samples prepared with light-burned MgO and KH2PO4 additive indicated the growth of 5–1–7 crystal phase and a rough surface structure from 1251 to 1918 min. The SAXS results enrich the nanostructural understanding on changes in nanostructures in cements and provide knowledge orientation for MOS practical applications.

282 Awardee Talk: Effects of Various Feed Additives on Finishing Pig Feed Efficiency: A Review

Abstract Several feed additives have shown benefits throughout the literature in improving growth performance and carcass characteristics when fed to finishing pigs. The mechanisms of action of these feed additives may be by improving health status, energy metabolism, and/or nutrient digestibility. However, the results have been variable and have not been well summarized. In addition, few of the feed additives have a review of all the available literature, and to our knowledge, no review summarizes each feed additive in one centralized effort. Therefore, this review summarizes the available research on feed additives fed in swine diets for the grow-finish phase (Table 1). The feed additive categories chosen for this review were acidifiers, betaine, Cr, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), Cu, direct-fed microbials (DFM), carbohydrases, proteases, phytases, multi-enzymes, essential oils (EO), L-carnitine, yeasts, and Zn. Research articles were collected from online research databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were utilized to select qualified research articles. The percentage difference for each response variable between the treatment and control group was calculated to determine the magnitude of effect. Results indicated that positive outcomes for each feed additive can be found; however, the magnitude of improvement varied, and many experiments did not observe statistically significant improvements in response criteria. For G:F, acidifiers (n = 65 total comparisons, 3.1% improvement across all comparisons), betaine (n = 35, 2.7%), CLA (n = 57, 3.5%), multi-enzymes (n = 29, 3.3%), DFM (n = 66, 3.3%), L-carnitine (n = 24, 2.5%), and yeasts (n = 33, 2.7%) showed relatively large and positive effects (> 2%) across a reasonable number of comparisons (n > 20) with > 14% of them being statistically ( P≤ 0.10) positive. For ADG, DFM (n = 71, 3.3%), Cu (n = 155, 2.5%), L-carnitine (n = 24, 2.1%), and multi-enzymes (n = 29, 3.1%) showed relatively large and positive effects (>2%) across a reasonable number of comparisons (n >20) with > 21% of them being statistically (P ≤ 0.10) positive. Moreover, except for betaine, Cr, CLA, and L-carnitine, most feed additives showed little, inconsistent, or non-significant effects on carcass characteristics. The improvements in carcass characteristics were probably due to the improved energy metabolism. Publication bias and the location of studies need to be considered when evaluating the data, as many studies that show no effect might not be published. Furthermore, even though the economics was not discussed in this review, the decision to include feed additives in the pig diets should consider the return on investment based on the price and the magnitude of benefit. In conclusion, this literature review provides descriptive analysis and databases for commonly used feed additives in the hope of better understanding the effect of feed additives on improving the efficiency of swine production.

Examining impact of Twitter sentiment & source on COVID-19 info sharing by public

Abstract Introduction Public health communication programs have the power to affect change in people and groups by increasing awareness, enhancing knowledge, modifying attitudes and altering behaviours when they are properly designed, meticulously executed and maintained over time. There has been an influx of public health communication on social media during COVID-19. Aim To investigate if the Twitter user category (source) and/or message type (sentiment) impacts sharing behaviour of the public during COVID which would help understand how to use social media when communicating health messages. Methods All tweets in English were extracted using Twitter API and Python script. Data was extracted from 1 Jan 2020 to 31 Mar 2022 for Ireland and UK which resulted in 867,485 tweets in total. Four coders identified user categories by studying the user descriptions in an iterative process and sentiment analysis was conducted to identify message types during the pandemic. For sentiment categorisation, a similar approach was followed where four message categories were identified from existing public health literature and additional categories were created through the analysis of Twitter messages by five coders. Different Machine learning (ML) models and Chat GPT were applied to assign user categories and sentiments to the entire dataset and the model with the highest level of agreement with human coders was chosen. Results Overall the public sentiment was negative during the pandemic. Twelve user categories and seven message types were identified from our analysis. Conclusions Further detail of this ongoing analysis will be presented at the conference. Key messages • The abstract introduces a study that investigates the impact of Twitter user categories on the sharing behaviour of the public during COVID-19. • The study investigates the impact of message types on the sharing behaviour of the public during COVID-19 on Twitter.

Chain duality for categories over complexes

We show that the additive category of chain complexes parametrized by a finite simplicial complex K forms a category with chain duality. This fact, never fully proven in the original reference (Ranicki, 1992), is fundamental for Ranicki's algebraic formulation of the surgery exact sequence of Sullivan and Wall, and his interpretation of the surgery obstruction map as the passage from local Poincaré duality to global Poincaré duality. Our paper also gives a new, conceptual, and geometric treatment of chain duality on K -based chain complexes.

Компенсация аддитивных помех в технологических процессах молочной промышленности

The possibility of appropriation in the food industry, in particular dairy, of technical approaches and solutions used in the high-tech industry sector using corrective and compensation schemes is shown. The direct application of known solutions is impossible due to the complex matrix of the composition and properties of the raw material and / or intermediate product. A variant of interpreting dairy raw materials as an input signal of the corresponding circuits is proposed, and deviations of the values of the components of the composition and property indicators (flowability, acidity, density, humidity, etc.) from the nominal values are considered as perturbations, on the basis of which the introduction of the required volume of the component is determined as a compensation signal to obtain the specified characteristics of the finished product. Adapted generalized solutions and algorithms for their implementation are presented. The additive category of interference is considered as the most common in the production of dairy products, the impact of which is described by two types.

Reconstruction of a surface from the category of reflexive sheaves

We define a normal surface X to be codim-2-saturated if any open embedding of X into a normal surface with the complement of codimension 2 is an isomorphism. We show that any normal surface X allows a codim-2-saturated model Xˆ together with the canonical open embedding X→Xˆ.Any normal surface which is proper over its affinisation is codim-2-saturated, but the converse does not hold. We give a criterion for a surface to be codim-2-saturated in terms of its Nagata compactification and the boundary divisor.We reconstruct the codim-2-saturated model of a normal surface X from the additive category of reflexive sheaves on X. We show that the category of reflexive sheaves on X is quasi-abelian and we use its canonical exact structure for the reconstruction.In order to deal with categorical issues, we introduce a class of weakly localising Serre subcategories in abelian categories. These are Serre subcategories whose categories of closed objects are quasi-abelian. This general technique might be of independent interest.

The osteopath-parent-child triad in osteopathic care in the first 2 years of life: a qualitative study.

Enactivism and active inference are two important concepts in the field of osteopathy. While enactivism emphasizes the role of the body and the environment in shaping our experiences and understanding of the world, active inference emphasizes the role of action and perception in shaping our experiences and understanding of the world. Together, these frameworks provide a unique perspective on the practice of osteopathy, and how it can be used to facilitate positive change in patients. Since the neonatal period is a crucial time for development, osteopaths should aim to create a therapeutic relationship. Arguably, through participatory sense-making, osteopaths can help the baby build a generative model (with positive priors) to deal with stress and needs throughout their life. Since the literature considers that interactions with the environment, which enact the patients' experiences, depending on contextual factors and communication between patient and caregiver, this research explored whether there is a correspondence between the indications in the literature and clinical practice in the management of the mother/parent-child dyad during osteopathic care on children aged 0 to 2 years old. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of nine osteopaths with experience in the field of pediatrics. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and constructivist grounded theory was used to conceptualize, collect and analyze data. Codes and categories were actively constructed through an interpretive/constructionist paradigm. The core category was the idea of the pediatric osteopath as a support for the family, not only for the child. Four additional categories were identified: (1) Preparing a safe environment for both children and parents, (2) Communication, (3) Attachment and synchrony, and (4) Synchronization. Through participatory sense-making, osteopaths manage contextual factors to establish an effective therapeutic alliance through the osteopath-parent-child triad to facilitate the construction of the child's internal generative model to promote healthy development. The therapeutic encounter is considered an encounter between embodied subjects, occurring within a field of affordances (ecological niche) that allows the interlocutors to actively participate in creating new meanings through interpersonal synchronization. Participatory sense-making and the establishment of a therapeutic alliance through the osteopath-parent-child triad are crucial to promote healthy development in the child.

Social Values in Economic Environmental Valuation: A Conceptual Framework

Economic environmental valuation remains a much debated and contested issue. Concerns have been voiced that it is unable to capture the manifold immaterial values of ecosystems due to conceptual and methodological issues. Thus, additional value categories (social values) as well as novel valuation approaches like deliberative (monetary) valuation are areas of growing interest, yet the theoretical foundations are rather weak. Against this background, this article aims to develop a consistent conceptual framework for making sense of social values in economic environmental valuation. Based on a holistic view of society and individuals, the role of institutions, the social environment, culture and transcendental values is emphasised. To synthesise diverging concepts of value into an economic concept and to account for the multidimensionality of social values, the framework consists of three spheres: social, natural and contextual. The novel framework demonstrates that social values may be integrated into a preference-based utility framework when denoting a holistic understanding of social preferences and human embeddedness in nature and society.

Outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the conventional therapy for both symptomatic gallbladder stones and acute cholecystitis; nevertheless, these outcomes are representative of the overall population. Our study’s objective was to evaluate the efficacy of LC in individuals aged 60 and older. Methods This prospective research was performed on 200 elderly cases aged 60 or older who underwent LC. Cases were classified into two groups regarding the age, group (A): Cases aged greater than or equal to 70 years and group (B) Cases aged 60 −less than or equal to 69 years. Group (A) were subdivided into three groups: age from 70 to 72 years (group A1), age from 73 to 76 (group A2), and age from 77 to 80 (group A3) were the additional age categories created from the original group of patients. Results American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score increased with age in both groups. In group B, 15.5% had ASA scores greater than or equal to 3, and increased to 37.5% in group A1, 68.8% in group A2 and 80.0% in group A3. ASA classification was significantly different between both groups (P<0.001). Acute cholecystitis was found in 8 (17.8%) patients in group A and 24 (15.48%) patients in group B whereas chronic cholecystitis was found in 37 (82.2%) patients in group A and 131 (84.5%) patients in group B, with no significant difference between both groups (P=0.890). The majority of surgically treated patients in all research groups were diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis. Conclusion LC in elderly patients is applicable with low mortality and morbidity rates. Despite the common prevalence of concurrent disorders involving the lung, heart, and diabetes mellitus (DM) in geriatric patients treated with LC, these medical conditions contributed slightly to the morbidity findings.