Additional Thermal Stress Research Articles

Residual Stress Characterization in Microelectronic Manufacturing: An Analysis Based on Raman Spectroscopy

AbstractIn the rapidly evolving era of information and intelligence,microelectronic devices are pivotal across various fields, such as mobile devices, big data computing, electric vehicles, and aerospace. However, the electrical performance of these devices often suffers due to residual stress from microelectronic manufacturing. This issue is compounded by the additional thermal stress that accumulates during device operation. Therefore, it is essential to understand, characterize, and control this residual stress to ensure the reliability and efficiency of microelectronic devices. Raman spectroscopy emerges as an invaluable tool for nondestructive, fast, noncontact, and precise testing of micro‐scale mechanics, significantly aiding in stress and strain analysis within microelectronic manufacturing. This article aims to provide a thorough overview of the theory and application beyond a mere compilation of recent advances. Theoretically, it critically evaluates existing models that describe the Raman‐stress relation. Practically, it explores the application of Raman spectroscopy in researching residual stress in various components, including substrate materials, epitaxial films, and packaging. Through a detailed examination of current applications, it highlights the significance of Raman spectroscopy in understanding micro‐scale mechanics. Finally, it offers both theoretical and practical insights into the future developments of Raman‐stress detection technology.

Сomputational approach to thermal-stressed state modeling of tire based on the algorithm of its self-heating analysis. Part 2 – Practical results of applying the approach

Elastomers and their composites are widely used in modern innovative technology: for the production of aviation and automobile tires, anti-vibration elements (rubber, rubber-metal springs), dampers, elastomeric bearings. Also they are used in shaft suspensions, as spacers between structural parts, supporting parts and fasteners. Elastomeric elements of structures have a high dynamic load, in particular of a cyclic nature, which is accompanied by the formation of hysteresis loops and, as a result, the occurrence of the phenomenon of self-heating. An increase in temperature in the middle of materials causes significant changes in their mechanical properties, reduces strength characteristics, accelerates aging and degradation processes, and has a significant impact on fatigue processes. In addition, an increase in temperature causes an additional thermal stress state, capable of significantly changing the qualitative picture of the structure's deformation characteristics' distribution. Thus, the purpose of this study is development of approach to assessing the thermal stress state of structures made of elastomeric materials for the possibility of further analysis of its influence on the structure work as a whole. The appropriate approach was built on the basis of numerical modeling of thermal and deformation processes which takes place into the structure during operation. The proposed approach includes several related calculations by using FEM and is based on the fundamental approaches of the theories of elasticity and viscoelasticity, thermal conductivity and thermo-elasticity. Thus, the article presents an approach to the analysis of the thermal stress state of structural elements under operating conditions. This approach was applied to determine the thermo-strain-stress characteristics of a pneumatic tire and corresponding pictures of its distribution were obtained.

Study on thermo-mechanical properties of energy piles based on the improved exponential model

To further investigate the effects of temperature on the bearing capacity of the energy pile, the influence of soil temperature was considered and the pile top displacement corresponding to the ultimate side friction resistance of the energy pile was obtained. An improved exponential model that accounts for the influence of pile-soil temperature was developed. The feasibility of the model was verified through an indoor model test and numerical simulation. The results indicate that the error between the improved exponential model and the indoor model test was smaller compared with the numerical simulation. The maximum side friction error between the improved exponential model and the model test reached 0.8 % and 4.6 % at the end of the heating and cooling stages, respectively. The maximum additional thermal stress error between the improved model and the model test was 1.3% and 3.9% at the end of the heating and cooling stages, respectively. The error of the traditional and improved exponential model of additional thermal stress was 16 %. It is established that the improved exponential model was proved suitable for thermo-mechanical coupling analysis of energy piles. The temperature effect of the soil should be considered in the investigation of the energy pile.

Model test on thermo-mechanical properties of static drill rooted energy pile under long-term temperature cycles

Static drill rooted (SDR) pile emerges as a composite of a prefabricated pile and cemented soil. SDR pile technology was introduced into the energy pile design due to its high load-bearing capacity, excellent heat transfer performance and favorable stability. Indoor model tests were established to investigate the thermo-mechanical behavior of an SDR energy pile under long-term temperature cycles. It was found that the studied pile had better heat transfer performance and bearing capacity (50%) than the ordinary pile. After twenty long-term temperature cycles, Additional tensile and compressive stress were observed in the pile. The additional thermal stress in the pile initially increased and then decreased with the increasing depth of the pile. The stress fluctuation would not damage the pile material since it was maintained within the design value of concrete strength. The side friction of the pile gradually increased with the increasing cycle numbers. The cumulative settlement of the SDR energy pile was induced by temperature cycles and reached −0.155 mm (0.18% D) after 20 cycles, less than the ordinary pile. The first two cycles accounted for 53% of the total cumulative settlement, and cooling was the main factor causing pile top settlement. The ultimate bearing capacity of the SDR energy pile was decreased by 9% after 20 cycles. The investigation of the long-term thermo-mechanical behavior of the SDR energy pile provides a theoretical basis for its practical application. SDR energy piles are significant for the efficient use of shallow geothermal energy.

Evolution of temperature and damage in rock mass after heat shock

Heat shock is a feasible means to break rock mass in engineering duo to the large additional thermal stress caused by thermal expansion. This paper established a coupled thermal transfer and rock deformation model based on the energy conservation and the elastic deformation theory of rock. In the model, the failure and damage of rock are judged according to the Drucker-Prager criterion. A finite element method of COMSOL Multiphysics to study the characteristics of temperature, stress distribution and damage zone on a rock surface is proposed. Results show that the failure of rock mass occurs at the cusps of the heater first duo to stress concentration and then grows at both sides of the heater greatly.

Computational approach to thermal-stressed state modeling of tire based on the algorithm of its self-heating analysis . Part 1 – Theoretical basics of the approach

Elastomers and their composites are widely used in modern innovative technology: for the production of aviation and automobile tires, anti-vibration elements (rubber, rubber-metal springs), dampers, elastomeric bearings. Also they are used in shaft suspensions, as spacers between structural parts, supporting parts and fasteners. Elastomeric elements of structures have a high dynamic load, in particular of a cyclic nature, which is accompanied by the formation of hysteresis loops and, as a result, the occurrence of the phenomenon of self-heating. An increase in temperature in the middle of materials causes significant changes in their mechanical properties, reduces strength characteristics, accelerates aging and degradation processes, and has a significant impact on fatigue processes. In addition, an increase in temperature causes an additional thermal stress state, capable of significantly changing the qualitative picture of the structure's deformation characteristics' distribution. Thus, the purpose of this study is development of approach to assessing the thermal stress state of structures made of elastomeric materials for the possibility of further analysis of its influence on the structure work as a whole. The appropriate approach was built on the basis of numerical modeling of thermal and deformation processes which takes place into the structure during operation. The proposed approach includes several related calculations by using FEM and is based on the fundamental approaches of the theories of elasticity and viscoelasticity, thermal conductivity and thermo-elasticity. Thus, the article presents an approach to the analysis of the thermal stress state of structural elements under operating conditions. This approach was applied to determine the thermo-strain-stress characteristics of a pneumatic tire and corresponding pictures of its distribution were obtained.

Do predator (Mystus gulio) and prey (Penaeus monodon) have differential response against heatwaves? Unveiling through oxidative stress biomarkers and thermal tolerance estimation

Extreme climatic events such as heatwaves are anticipated to intensify in future and impose additional thermal stress to aquatic animals. Knowledge regarding an organism's thermal tolerance or sensitivity is therefore important in determining the effects of fluctuating water temperature on physiological responses. Thus, thermal tolerance tests can serve as a first step in understanding the present and future effects of climate warming. Climatic variability will alter prey-predator attributes differentially and impact their subsequent interactions. The key objective of this study was to compare and decode the stress responses, resistance and vulnerability of two economically important species from Sundarbans estuarine system- Penaeus monodon (prey) and Mystus gulio (predator) subjected to acute thermal challenges such as sudden heatwaves. Both the species were subjected to an increasing thermal ramp of 1°C h−1 from 22°C to 42°C. Organisms were observed continuously throughout the ramping period and changes in the locomotory behaviour were followed until their loss of equilibrium. The digestive tissue samples were dissected out from both M. gulio and P. monodon at every 2°C and also after a recovery period of 48 h. The SOD, CAT, GST, LPO were measured and integrated biomarker response (IBR) was analysed. The results from thermal tolerance maxima estimation, biomarker study, IBR responses indicated more intense stress response in fish M. gulio whereas recovery potential was greater in shrimp P. monodon. Our findings corroborate the ‘trophic sensitivity hypothesis’ which advocates predators to be less tolerant in aggravated environmental stress than their prey.

Evolution features of in-situ permeability of low-maturity shale with the increasing temperature, Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation, northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Temperature-triaxial pressure permeability testing at the axial pressure of 8 MPa and confining pressure of 10 MPa, closed shale system pyrolysis experiment by electrical heating and scanning electron microscopy analysis are used to study the evolution mechanism of in-situ permeability in the direction parallel to bedding of low-maturity shale from Member 2 (K2n2) of Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in northern Songliao Basin with mainly Type I kerogen under the effect of temperature. With the increasing temperature, the in-situ permeability presents a peak-valley-peak tendency. The lowest value of in-situ permeability occurs at 375 °C. Under the same temperature, the in-situ permeability decreases with the increase of pore pressure. The in-situ permeability evolution of low-maturity shale can be divided into 5 stages: (1) From 25 °C to 300 °C, thermal cracking and dehydration of clay minerals improve the permeability. However, the value of permeability is less than 0.01×10−3 μm2. (2) From 300 °C to 350 °C, organic matter pyrolysis and hydrocarbon expulsion result in mineral intergranular pores and micron pore-fractures, these pores and fractures form an interconnected pore network at limited scale, improving the permeability. But the liquid hydrocarbon, with high content of viscous asphaltene, is more difficult to move under stress and more likely to retain in pores, causing slow rise of the permeability. (3) From 350 °C to 375 °C, pores are formed by organic matter pyrolysis, but the adsorption swelling of liquid hydrocarbon and additional expansion thermal stress constrained by surrounding stress compress the pore-fracture space, making liquid hydrocarbon difficult to expel and permeability reduce rapidly. (4) From 375 °C to 450°C, the interconnected pore network between different mineral particles after organic matter conversion, enlarged pores and transformation of clay minerals promote the permeability to increase constantly even under stress constraints. (5) From 450°C to 500 °C, the stable pore system and crossed fracture system in different bedding directions significantly enhance the permeability. The organic matter pyrolysis, pore-fracture structure and surrounding stress in the different stages are the key factors affecting the evolution of in-situ permeability.

Ab initio Cu alloy design for high-gradient accelerating structures

Operation of normal conducting accelerator structures at high accelerating gradients is beneficial for many accelerator applications in basic science, industry, medicine, and National Security. RF breakdown is the major factor that limits the achievable accelerating gradients. Previous experiments on copper (Cu) have demonstrated that RF breakdown probability can be significantly decreased by hardening the material and alloying Cu with solutes such as silver (Ag). In this paper, we propose a figure-of-merit (FOM) that characterizes the ability of Cu alloys to withstand high-gradients. The FOM represents a trade-off between hardening through solid solution strengthening and the additional thermal stress induced by incremental RF pulse heating resulting from changes in electronic properties induced by alloying. We performed high-throughput ab initio calculations and computed the FOM for a large number of binary Cu alloys. Several promising candidate alloys for high-gradient accelerating structures were identified, such as CuAg, CuCd, CuHg, CuAu, CuIn, and CuMg. CuAg alloys have previously exhibited low RF breakdown rates in experiments. The results provide guidance for selecting alloys for the future high-gradient normal conducting accelerating structures operating at very high gradients.

Estimacija dinamičke termičke margine rotora hidrogeneratora

Field winding temperature of the synchronous generator is one of limiting factors shaping generator PQ capability curve. Therefore of great operational importance is to have information about this temperature estimated with the utmost accuracy. It can be measured directly using built-in temperature sensors or determined indirectly. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into the high-voltage transmission system, the fundamental changes happen in the way conventional generating units work, including hydrogenerators. They are facing the new operating modes characterized by rapid load changes and an increased number of start-stop cycles. These modes of operation lead to additional thermal stress of the hydrogenerator parts, including the rotor. In order to be able to respond to new demands that they are faced with, it is necessary to estimate the actual thermal capacity of the rotor and its influence on the dynamic hydrogenerator PQ capability curve.

A Linear Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic Solar Collector: A Methodology Proposal of Optical and Thermal Analysis

The photovoltaic cell surface in linear hybrid concentrated solar collectors receives non-uniform radiative flux, causing additional thermal stress due to hot spots and reducing its electrical performance and durability. The current study proposes a parametric methodology to determine the optimal receiver displacement required in a linear Cassegrain-type hybrid solar collector. The aim was to achieve a minimal non-uniformity distribution and a high radiative flux over the photovoltaic cells, considering optical errors close to real environment conditions and analyzing the heat transfer to determine the electrical and thermal efficiencies. The developed methodology was applied to analyze a case study with a receiver width of 0.125 m and rim angle of 80° and using a commercial silicon photovoltaic cell that supports up to 7000 W/m2. After applying the methodology, a hybrid solar collector with a concentration ratio of 13.0 and receiver displacement of 0.14 m is recommended. As a result, 5728 W/m2 of average radiative flux with non-uniformity lower than 4% was achieved. Thus, thanks to the proposed configuration, a low non-uniformity and high radiative flux were achieved, benefiting the photovoltaic cells’ life while improving their operation.

Experimental Study of Thermal Response of Vertically Loaded Energy Pipe Pile

Energy piles are a relatively new technology that have dual function as heat transferring and load bearing. Due to the influence of temperature cycles, additional thermal stress and relative displacement of the pile will be generated; this is different from the load transferring mechanism of the conventional pile. In order to study the thermodynamic characteristics of the energy pipe pile under dual working conditions and temperature cycles, field tests were carried out on the PHC (prestressed high-strength concrete) energy pipe pile without constraining on the top of the piles. Displacement gauges were arranged on the top of the pile, and concrete strain gauges (temperature, strain) were embedded in the pile. The variation laws of temperature, thermal strain, thermal stress, side friction resistance, and displacement of the pile top during the temperature cycling were analyzed. The test results show that the heat exchange system reached a stable state after being heated for 5 days in summer. The average temperature of the pile increased by 15.17 °C, to 34.68 °C; it was low at both ends and high in the middle part. After 5 days in the winter environment, the average temperature of the pile decreased by 10.09 °C, to 9.54 °C, which was high at both ends and low in the middle. The thermal stress was generated inside the pile, and the maximum compressive stress was 3.446 MPa and the maximum tensile stress was 2.69 MPa. The neutral point of the side friction resistance appeared 8 m below the pile top, about 2/3 of the pile length. The maximum negative side friction resistance under the summer condition was 42.06 KPa, the maximum positive side friction resistance under the winter condition was 29.93 KPa, and the lateral resistance of the pile degraded in winter. Under the influence of thermal load, the final pile top displacements in the summer and winter were −0.7 mm (0.175%D) and 0.77 mm (0.193%D), respectively.

Acclimation History of Elevated Temperature Reduces the Tolerance of Coralline Algae to Additional Acute Thermal Stress

Increasing atmospheric CO2 is driving major environmental changes in the ocean, such as an increase in average ocean temperature, a decrease in average ocean pH (ocean acidification or OA), and an increase in the number and severity of extreme climatic events (e.g., anomalous temperature events and heatwaves). Uncertainty exists in the capacity for species to withstand these stressors occurring concomitantly. Here, we tested whether an acclimation history of ocean warming (OW) and OA affects the physiological responses of an abundant, reef-building species of crustose coralline algae (CCA), Porolithon cf. onkodes, to chronic and acute thermal stress. To address this, we exposed algae to varying temperature and pH levels for 6 weeks and this chronic treatment experiment was followed by an acute exposure to an anomalous temperature event (+4–6°C from acclimation temperature). Net photosynthetic rate was negatively affected across all treatments by increasing temperature during the acute temperature event, however, algae acclimated to the control temperature were able to maintain photosynthetic rates for +4°C above their acclimation temperature, whereas algae acclimated to elevated temperature were not. Average relative change in O2 produced resulted in a 100–175% decrease, with the largest decrease found in algae acclimated to the combined treatment of elevated temperature and reduced pH. We conclude that acclimation to chronic global change stressors (i.e., OW and OA) will reduce the tolerance of P. cf. onkodes to anomalous increases in temperature, and this may have implications for reef building processes.

Electro-Thermal Control on Power Electronic Converters: A Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control Approach

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the increasing attention towards electric vehicles (EV), power electronics technology has become more prominent on vehicular systems. EV requires compact energy conversion and control technology to improve system efficiency and optimize the sizing of power components. Therefore, it is important to reduce thermal losses, while supplying an adequate amount of power to different EV devices. Silicon carbide (SiC)-based power semiconductors provide performance improvements such as lower power losses, higher junction temperature and higher switching frequency compared to the conventional silicon (Si)-based switching devices. High-frequency switching is preferred for power converters to minimize the necessity of passive filters; however, high-frequency switching causes additional thermal stress on semiconductor switches due to the increase in switching losses. The degradation of switching devices in power converters are primarily related to the junction temperature. One method to improve the lifetime of semiconductors is to control the module junction temperature by controlling switching losses in the switching state, while providing power quality in the required limits and maintaining voltage stability. This concept is referred to as active thermal management. This paper illustrates the Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) approach on how electrical performance can be preserved while providing electro-thermal management for the SiC-based switching devices on three-level three-phase power converter to improve system efficiency and reliability.</div></div>

Study on the Effect of High-Temperature Heat Treatment on the Microscopic Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Tight Sandstone

The investigation of changes in physical properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic pore structure characteristics of tight sandstone after high-temperature heat treatment provides a theoretical basis for plugging removal and stimulation techniques, such as high energy gas fracturing and explosive fracturing. In this study, core samples, taken from tight sandstone reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, were first heated to different temperatures (25-800°C) and then cooled separately by two distinct cooling methods—synthetic formation water cooling and natural cooling. The variations of wave velocity, permeability, tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, and microscopic pore structure of the core samples were analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that, with the rise of heat treatment temperature, the wave velocity and tensile strength of tight sandstone decrease nonlinearly, yet its permeability increases nonlinearly. The tight sandstone’s peak strength and elastic modulus exhibit a trend of the first climbing and then declining sharply with increasing temperature. After being treated by heat at different temperatures, the number of small pores varies little, but the number of large pores increases obviously. Compared to natural cooling, the values of physical and mechanical properties of core samples treated by synthetic formation water cooling are apparently smaller, whereas the size and number of pores are greater. It can be explained that water cooling brings about a dramatic reduction of tight sandstone’s surface temperature, generating additional thermal stress and intensifying internal damage to the core. For different cooling methods, the higher the core temperature before cooling, the greater the thermal stress and the degree of damage caused during the cooling process. By taking into consideration of changes in physical properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic pore structure characteristics, the threshold temperature of tight sandstone is estimated in the range of 400-600°C.

Study on Safety Characteristics of Gate Valve Transient Operation in High Temperature Molten Salt Thermal Energy Storage System

At present, the new energy industry in the world is thriving, but there are obvious intermittent and random characteristics of various power generation methods such as solar energy and wind power. The molten salt energy storage power generation system can effectively reduce the peak fluctuations of the power grid and greatly improve the overall economic advantage. As an important component of the pipe system, the gate valve is widely used in power generation systems. Because molten salt systems may face faster power changes so during certain transient process, the main gate valve may have to withstand rapid changes in mass flow and temperature, which may cause rapid changes in the temperature field of the valve body, resulting in additional thermal stress. In this paper, the CFD method is used to analysis the flow and temperature fields of the main gate valve during the transient process. The key to success is to describe the geometry as accurately as possible and to build a reasonable grid because of larger calculation quality for transient. Then based on the temperature field of valve body the thermal stress and change law can be obtained, which can provide guidance for the design of the gate valve.

Effect of water cooling on microscopic damage and dynamic properties of high-temperature granite

The microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties of high-temperature granite after water cooling were studied through wave velocity test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) impact test and scanning electron microscope（SEM）test. The variation of porosity and dynamic mechanical parameters of granite were analyzed. The results show that the wave velocity of high-temperature granite decreases nonlinearly after water cooling and the components of porosity with large pore increase with the increase of temperature. Moreover, water cooling leads to the more cracks and greater crack sizes than that of natural cooling. The dynamic parameters of high-temperature granite after water cooling show that the increase in temperature results in a decrease in the peak stress, an increase in the peak strain, and an increase at first then decrease in the elastic modulus. Additional thermal stress, resulted from sharply decrease in surface temperature of the high-temperature granite, leads to increased internal damage and decreased wave velocity and peak stress. Compared with natural cooling, the plasticity of high-temperature granite is reduced, because the cold hardening effect improves the hardness of surface granite. After water cooling, the granite specimens exhibit the brittle failure characteristics and their peak strain decreases but their elastic modulus increases. Cooling way has a minor effect on the cracks induced by shock before 400 ℃. As the temperature up to 800 ℃, the impact fracture surface of granite after natural cooling is characterized by honeycomb and irregular shape, in contrast, the impact fracture surface of granite after the water cooling is relatively flat.

Physical Analysis of Damage Sites Introduced by SEGR in Silicon Vertical Power MOSFETs and Implications for Postirradiation Gate-Stress Test

The damage sites introduced by single-event gate rupture (SEGR) in Si vertical power MOSFETs were physically analyzed to clarify their location and structures. It was found that the damage sites were located on the neck region between p-body diffusions as expected, and the gate oxide was replaced by Si to electrically connect the gate poly-Si and Si-substrate at the damage sites. As a result, the complicated electrical properties observed on the damaged device were successfully modeled by assuming an Si spike at the damage site in device simulations. It was also suggested that the postgate-stress test with applied voltage higher than that applied during the SEGR test might have forced additional thermal stress on the damage site and have caused the failure attributable to the postgate-stress test itself.

Alterations in Organismal Physiology, Impaired Stress Resistance, and Accelerated Aging in Drosophila Flies Adapted to Multigenerational Proteome Instability.

Being an assembly of highly sophisticated protein machines, cells depend heavily on proteostatic modules functionality and on adequate supply of energetic molecules for maintaining proteome stability. Yet, our understanding of the adaptations induced by multigenerational proteotoxic stress is limited. We report here that multigenerational (>80 generations) proteotoxic stress in OregonR flies induced by constant exposure to developmentally nonlethal doses of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) (G80-BTZ flies) increased proteome instability and redox imbalance, reduced fecundity and body size, and caused neuromuscular defects; it also accelerated aging. G80-BTZ flies were mildly resistant to increased doses of BTZ and showed no age-related loss of proteasome activity; these adaptations correlated with sustained upregulation of proteostatic modules, which however occurred at the cost of minimal responses to increased BTZ doses and increased susceptibility to various types of additional proteotoxic stress, namely, autophagy inhibition or thermal stress. Multigenerational proteome instability and redox imbalance also caused metabolic reprogramming being evidenced by altered mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed insulin/IGF-like signaling (IIS) in G80-BTZ flies. The toxic effects of multigenerational proteome instability could be partially mitigated by a low-protein diet that extended G80-BTZ flies' longevity. Overall, persistent proteotoxic stress triggers a highly conserved adaptive metabolic response mediated by the IIS pathway, which reallocates resources from growth and longevity to somatic preservation and stress tolerance. Yet, these trade-off adaptations occur at the cost of accelerated aging and/or reduced tolerance to additional stress, illustrating the limited buffering capacity of survival pathways.

Harmonic Analysis of 3-Phase Induction Motor at PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa

In a developing country, the rate of electricity demand is increasing along with the increasing rate of population growth and the rate of economic development of the country. With the growing development of the use of electronic technology in power systems, more and more non-linear equipment is used in the industry. This non-linear equipment can affect power quality because this non-linear load is the primary source of harmonic interference. To minimize the impact of the harmonic generation that occurs on non-linear loads such as induction motors, harmonic filter equipment is needed. This study also compared the current and voltage THD levels based on the IEEE standard and performed calculations to design a single tuned passive filter. This calculation is done because of the emergence of harmonics on a 3-phase induction motor that has exceeded the standard limit, so it must reduce the harmonics. Moreover, disturbances that occur, such as torsion vibrations caused by the interaction of the fundamental harmonic magnetic field, causing higher noise. Furthermore, it leads to additional thermal stress on electric motors, which have an impact on reducing the life of motor insulation. Based on the comparison and analysis obtained that the measured current THD still exceeds the IEEE standard limits. Then the interference that arises in the 3-phase RAW MILL induction motor will have an adverse impact if not handled correctly and adequately.