Additional Reserves Research Articles

The use of an energy feed additive in the rations of highly productive cows of Ayrshire breed

Under the conditions in the Vologda region the organization of complete feeding of cows in highly productive herds is especially difficult, since the range of harvested feed is reduced and their quality issues remain problematic. In the region many of the normalized nutrients in the rations of dairy cattle are limiting, which reduces the effi ciency of production of its products. The purpose of the work was to increase the effi ciency of milk production when using the energy additive Tirzana BSK in the rations of highly productive cows of Ayrshire breed. Studies on the eff ectiveness of the use of the energy additive Tirzana BSK were carried out in the winter-stall period of housing cows on the basis of the agricultural complex “Maysky Breeding Farm” in the Vologda region. A comprehensive research of the technology of milk production with the use of an energy additive in the rations of cows was carried out It was found that as a result of feeding the energy additive Tirzana BSK, there is an improvement in the digestibility of nutrients in rations, especially organic matter and fi ber. Higher digestibility coeffi cients in animals of experimental groups are obviously achieved due to the optimization of microbiological processes in the gastrointestinal tract due to the components of the additive, which includes propylene glycol, glycerin, polysaccharides and a complex of biologically active substances. Feeding Tirzana BSK additive has a positive eff ect on increasing milk productivity without reducing product quality. New data on the animal husbandry and economic feasibility of using the energy additive in feeding cows with a milk yield of over 8500 kg of milk per lactation have been obtained, which make it possible to identify additional reserves for increasing milk yields with rational expenditure of feed. The use of the energy additive Tirzana BSK in feeding highly productive cows of Ayrshire is economically justified, especially during periods of late dry period and the first 100 days of lactation.

Factor of adaptation in agriculture of the Lower Volga region

Since the inception of agriculture, it has been adapting for various natural and, above all, soil and climatic conditions. The geographical position of Russia and its vast expanses contribute to the use of various farming systems and agricultural technologies. For a long time in areas of insufficient moisture, systematic work was carried out to expand the diversity of crops, as a result, new crops appeared on the fields, such as triticale, chickpeas, safflower, spring and winter camelina, coriander, oil flax, which have positively proven themselves in the region. A significant contribution to the adaptability system is made by crop breeding, a vivid example of this is the promotion of winter wheat in the south-east of the Russian Federation. An adaptive cultivation methods are aimed at moisture accumulation and include soil protection tillage with stubble, mulching of the soil surface, creation of vegetable wings, snow retention, direct sowing, which provides additional moisture reserves in the meter soil layer up to 30-40 mm and an increase in crop productivity up to 6-8 centners / ha in grain units. At present, an important role belongs to new technologies for the use of symbiotic microorganisms that improve soil fertility. Zonal farming systems began to be practiced (since the 80s of the last century), including the system of dry farming in the Volgograd region, which determines the share of pure fallow in the amount of 20-24% of the arable land. In the modern system of agriculture, a worthy place is occupied by the forest reclamation complex, which performs an important protective and ecological function of preserving and restoring degraded territories and soils. As a result of the research, it was found that farming systems and crop cultivation technologies should contain the main elements or factors of adaptability, such as the arrangement of the territory (size and configuration of fields), a balanced proportion of the main categories of agricultural land (the structure of agricultural land), typification of arable land by slopes and humus content in the soil, adaptive crop rotation (by the number of fields, a set of crops, the method of alternating crops in space and time), the recommended amount of total forest cover, taking into account the zonal aspect , justified type and design of field shelterbelts, which ultimately ensures the formation of an ecologically balanced agricultural landscape.

Factor of adaptation in agriculture of the Lower Volga region

Since the inception of agriculture, it has been adapting for various natural and, above all, soil and climatic conditions. The geographical position of Russia and its vast expanses contribute to the use of various farming systems and agricultural technologies. For a long time in areas of insufficient moisture, systematic work was carried out to expand the diversity of crops, as a result, new crops appeared on the fields, such as triticale, chickpeas, safflower, spring and winter camelina, coriander, oil flax, which have positively proven themselves in the region. A significant contribution to the adaptability system is made by crop breeding, a vivid example of this is the promotion of winter wheat in the south-east of the Russian Federation. An adaptive cultivation methods are aimed at moisture accumulation and include soil protection tillage with stubble, mulching of the soil surface, creation of vegetable wings, snow retention, direct sowing, which provides additional moisture reserves in the meter soil layer up to 30-40 mm and an increase in crop productivity up to 6-8 centners / ha in grain units. At present, an important role belongs to new technologies for the use of symbiotic microorganisms that improve soil fertility. Zonal farming systems began to be practiced (since the 80s of the last century), including the system of dry farming in the Volgograd region, which determines the share of pure fallow in the amount of 20-24% of the arable land. In the modern system of agriculture, a worthy place is occupied by the forest reclamation complex, which performs an important protective and ecological function of preserving and restoring degraded territories and soils. As a result of the research, it was found that farming systems and crop cultivation technologies should contain the main elements or factors of adaptability, such as the arrangement of the territory (size and configuration of fields), a balanced proportion of the main categories of agricultural land (the structure of agricultural land), typification of arable land by slopes and humus content in the soil, adaptive crop rotation (by the number of fields, a set of crops, the method of alternating crops in space and time), the recommended amount of total forest cover, taking into account the zonal aspect , justified type and design of field shelterbelts, which ultimately ensures the formation of an ecologically balanced agricultural landscape.

DETALIZATION OF RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS IN DIAGNOSING PATIENTS AND EVALUATING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS

The issues of detailing recognition algorithms in order to increase the validity of their solutions in diagnosing patients are considered using the example of processing nephrology data. The training of algorithms with a teacher is implied. Procedures for detailing complexes of clinical signs and criteria for comparing such complexes in decision-making are proposed. This means dividing these objects into elements, extracting additional information for them from a priori and current data, and taking them into account in algorithms. Research in the work was focused on the development of software tools for detecting and evaluating additional reserves and opportunities for improving the quality of decisions of recognition procedures by extracting additional useful information from a priori and current data and using them in the process of detailing decision-making procedures. On a specific algorithm, various approaches to such detailing and to the study of its effectiveness were analyzed. Such detailing can be built on the basis of using the experience of clinical practice of observation of patients and their diagnosis in the form of training samples of symptom complexes and (or) observed signals in clinical cases with reliably confirmed diagnoses in the relevant databases.
 Detailing these algorithmic procedures can lead to the emergence of a multi variance of possible solutions for differently detailed algorithms and require the use of additional procedures for generating a generalizing conclusion based on the results of their mutual consultation. The order and results of detailing are demonstrated in the MatLab environment on two modifications of the proposed algorithm. The introduction reveals the relevance and content of the research. Section 1 reveals the composition of a priori patient data in demo examples and the information that is extracted from them at the training stage. Section 2 proposes two modifications of the algorithm to detalize it. Section 3 proposes software procedures for the statistical evaluation of the performance of the detalization of the algorithms under study. Section 4 describes the refinement of algorithms by introducing weights into the decision criterion, taking into account the spread of values of clinical signs. Section 5 demonstrates the detalization of the algorithms taking into account the information content of the features. The conclusions summarize the results of the work. In general, they are positive.

Multicriteria investigation of the efficiency of combining a NPP power unit with a heat storage system

A heat storage system, including an additional low-power steam turbine, can provide effective participation of nuclear power plants in covering daily irregularities in energy consumption in the power system. In addition, the system provides an additional reserve for the NPP’s own needs, due to the possibility of using the energy of residual heat release from the reactor core to supply power to the station’s own needs. In the paper, the methodology developed by the authors is presented, which allows to research ways to improve the efficiency of nuclear power plants based on a comprehensive assessment of technical and economic efficiency, changes in plant safety and effects for the entire state energy system as a whole, achieved through the installation of new equipment. As an example, a thermal storage system, a steam-gas plant, and a system for passive heat removal from the reactor core have been investigated.

The influence of the stubble biodestroyer and the main tillage method on the nutrient regime of the soil

Annually, soil fertility indicators decrease in Ukraine. Therefore, to ensure a deficit-free soil balance, it is necessary to attract additional reserves of organic raw materials, in particular, post-harvest residues of agricultural crops, and to use biological preparations for their destructuring. To date, the effect of stubble biodestructors on the processes of mineralization of post-harvest plant residues has not yet been fully studied, especially under different methods of main tillage, therefore the purpose of our study was to determine the influence of the destructor Ecostern Classic and the method of main tillage on its nutritional regime in the conditions of southern Ukraine. Research methods: field, laboratory. Research has established that the amount of nitrates, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium that remained on average over the years of research in the soil of the experimental site after harvesting winter wheat was 6.3, respectively; 47.5 and 208.8 mg/kg of soil, and after harvesting winter barley – 5.9; 42.8 and 202.4 mg/kg of soil. After partial mineralization of plant residues of winter crops, in three months, the content of nutrients in the soil increased, especially when treated with the Ecostern Classic biodestroyer. It was determined that the use of plowing contributed to the acceleration of the mineralization of plant residues of winter wheat and the greater accumulation of nutrients in the soil. Thus, during the treatment of post-harvest remains of winter wheat with a biodestructor using plowing, 11.3 mg/kg of soil nitrates, 53.9 mg/ kg of soil of mobile phosphorus and 261.8 mg/kg of soil of exchangeable potassium were determined. For the processing of post-harvest remains of winter barley, the indicators were slightly lower – 10.5, respectively; 51.5 and 251.0 mg/ kg of soil. The practical value of the research lies in the improvement of the processes associated with increasing the fertility of the soils of southern Ukraine due to the much more rational use of post-harvest remains of winter wheat and barley

Geological features of gas-condensatedeposits with additional increase of gas reserves

The purpose of the work is to elucidate general peculiarities and characteristic features of geological conditions for the occurrence and development of gas-condensate fields of the Dniprovsko-Donetskyi depression (DDD), on which the growth for the gas reserves is obtained with the further use of these indicators as forecast-estimated. The methods. The age of industrial horizons, a type of reservoir, a type of deposit, the presence of salt deposits, a depth of deposit roof, a deposit regime, levels of gas-bearingness, calculated thickness of reservoirs and their total thickness at the field, the initial formation pressure, initial gas reserves, volumes of excess of initial gas reserves were determined; the maximum geostatic pressure was calculated, the minimum reservoir gas pressure until its growth jump or stabilization was established; the value of the compression pressure for the reservoir of deposits was calculated and the relationship between the effective pressure in the deposit and the strength of the porous sandstone-reservoir was established; the common features and characteristics for the geological conditions of gas condensate field (GCF) with additional resources were undertaken, among which the predictive and estimated indicators were selected. Findings. The authors carried out a detailed analysis of the well-known gas and gas condensate fields of Ukraine. Gas-condensate deposits of the Mashivsko-Shebelynskyi gas-bearing area of the Dniprovsko-Donetskyi depression (DDD) are chosen as an object of the research. It has been established that the power of the gas column, the structure area, and the total power of productive horizons characterize the promising volume of the gas-bearing structure, which allows approximately give a predictive quantitative assessment of the production of additional gas reserves. Attracting additional gas volumes is due to the gas influx from newly made technogenic collectors, which were formed under the action of a geomechanical factor in the process of long-term development of the field. The formation of technogenic collectors occurred due to the compression of the main reservoir, the deformation of the rock strata, and the decomposition of the overlying rocks, the development of the crack propagation, permeability increase and gas recovery rising. The originality. It has been established that the power of the gas column, the structure area, and the total power of productive horizons characterize the promising volume of the gas-bearing structure, which allows approximately give a predictive quantitative assessment of the production of additional gas reserves. Practical implimintation. The geomechanical factor management opens up the prospect of obtaining additional industrial gas influx in the late stages of the development of gas and gas-condensate fields, by predicting the geological conditions for the formation of improved secondary filtration and capacitive properties favorable to form technogenic gas deposits.

Seismic early warning systems for the transport cascade under the “SHIPKA” pass

The report presents an early warning system against earthquakes of the conceptual design of the tunnels under the “Shipka” Pass. Bulgaria gives many victims on the roads - those killed in traffic crashes and accidents. In the case of tunnel facilities in seismic areas, chain accidents in tunnel pipes are particularly dangerous. Early warning systems for tunnels make it possible to immediately stop traffic by the traffic police or automatically, to include additional ventilation equipment and turn on the additional reserve lighting installations.

Natural Gas Resource from Gas Hydrates Offshore the East Coast of Trinidad

SummaryThe global shift toward environmentally friendly fuels has led to an increase in the usage of natural gas as an energy source. Natural gas is currently being produced from conventional gas reservoirs; however, there has been increased interest in the large repositories of highly compressed natural gas sequestered in gas hydrates. Well logs, as well as 3D seismic surveys, aid in the identification of geophysical features which support the presence of natural gas hydrates. Geophysical features include bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs), amplitude blanking, and enhanced reflections. Previous studies of the deepwater blocks offshore the eastern coast of Trinidad provided conflicting conclusions regarding the existence of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Blocks 25A, 25B, 26, and 27. This study investigated not only the presence, but additionally the location, depth of the BSRs, and associated natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments, as well as the volumetric estimation of the hydrate-bound gas in these blocks, as well as Block 4B. Six gas hydrate-related BSRs were identified; one each in Blocks 4B, 25A, and 26, and three in Block 27. No BSRs were observed in Block 25B. Closer inspection revealed that the BSR in Block 26 is an extension of one of the BSRs in Block 27. A total gas resource in place is estimated to be 4–19 Tcf, which indicates that the eastern coast of Trinidad has the potential to provide additional natural gas reserves.

Carbon saving agricultural technologies and mitigation of the greenhouse

The paper generalizes and analysis the data of soil organic carbon (SOC) amount in agricultural land on the example of the field studies carried out in 2013–2016 on the area of the Upper Volga Federal Agrarian Research Centre on the gray forest soils. The purpose of the study was to determine the stocks and the losses SOC in the agricultural land; to evaluate the factors reducing SOC in the arable soils and to show the ways to maintain and to increase the soil organic carbon; to study the influence of the technological factors on the balance of organic carbon in gray forest soils. Authors consider the transition to carbon-saving technologies of arable soils in Russia can restore almost 2.2 Gt C of the SOC and can play a significant role in the reducing of the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. This SOC value can be a significant additional reserve for achieving Russia’s commitments on mitigating climate change. The result of the field experiment showed the most effective approach is the choice of agricultural crops, as the perennial grasses using the manure as an organic fertilizer and the use of resource-saving non-moldboard tillage methods.

UNDERSTANDING NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS

Naturally fractured reservoir differs from clastic reservoirs in the sense that the concepts of porous media which were usually applied for clastic reservoir analysis must be modified. This means that handling naturally fractured reservoir is also different compared to handling clastic reservoir. The porosity may be changed a bit bigger but the permeability is drastically changed. Also at a depth where rock layers are usually tight, naturally fractured reservoirs converts it to become a good reservoirs. Naturally fractured reservoirs can be found in some part of the Indonesian basin which may contribute a considerable additional reserves in the near future.

Dynamic ultimate strength of a ultra-large container ship subjected to realistic loading scenarios

When technically specifying ships for the future, the following aspects are examples of what we will have even more focus on than today: bigger, lighter, and faster. Thereby, the hydroelastic type of structural response will be more and more significant. Furthermore, it is well-known that the whipping-induced stresses are having a higher frequency than the ordinary wave-induced stresses; hence, some doubts are cast on the probability that the dynamic effects may provide additional strength reserves. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the dynamic ultimate capacity of ultra-large container ships under realistic loading scenarios. The hull-girder is subjected to a combined bending moment, resulting from a long-term hydroelastic analysis, with the lateral loads and to local loads given by different cargo loading cases. The numerical results are discussed, and the dynamic load factors are derived as the ratio between the dynamic capacity and the quasi-static one. Finally, it is shown that the strain rate effect is negligible in the analysis of the ultimate strength of ship structures subjected to whipping-induced stresses.

Phosphorites and Glauconites as Additional Reserves in the Development of Titanium-Zirconium Sands of the Centralnoye Deposit (Tambov Region of Russia)

After the Soviet Union demise, Russia was plagued by severe titanium resource problems. The bulk of titanium concentrates is imported from Ukraine. But Russia has its own titanium resources not lesser than in leading countries of the world (China, Brazil, South Africa). Ores form both primary and alluvial deposits, including those located in economically developed regions. The better example is the ancient marine placer of the Centralnoye deposit in the Rasskazovsky district of the Tambov region. In addition to ilmenite, rutile and zircon, ore sands also include phosphates and glauconite. The deposit was discovered in the middle of the last century and, after geological prospecting, was classified as one of the ten largest world objects of placer titanium ores. Despite this, for many years the Centralnoye deposit remained abandoned, since by that time, in the Soviet Union in Ukraine, several mining plants were already operating, which satisfied the industry’s demand for titanium. Today Russia is in dire need of titanium raw materials and the question of the need to develop the deposit has been repeatedly raised. This topic is being discussed especially actively today since a decision has been made on the expediency of its development. However, in the modern market environment, the implementation of this decision is an extremely difficult task. Here, the factors that can reduce operating costs that can improve the economic performance of mining and processing of ore sands become important. These factors include mining and use of both phosphorites and glauconites contained in titanium-zirconium ores and in the “overburden” rocks. The article describes the technogenic waste (tailings) of titanium - zirconium ores. Their material, mineral and granulometric composition is considered, and the technological properties of phosphorites and glauconites are described in the article. On the basis of experimental data, it has been shown that the accumulated concentrates represent high-quality raw materials for the production of phosphate rock and effective phosphorus and potassium ameliorants.

High Level of Phenotypic Differentiation of Common Yew (Taxus baccata L.) Populations in the North-Western Part of the Balkan Peninsula

Common or English yew (Taxus baccata L., Taxaceae) is a conifer species, native to Europe, northern Africa, Asia Minor and Caucasus. It is a dioecious, wind-pollinated and animal-dispersed tree, known for its high-quality wood and medicinal properties, albeit poisonous. The species is rare and has been legally protected at the European and national levels. In addition, its low population density and disjunct character of distribution have reinforced the need for its protection as regeneration is mostly lacking. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterise the north-western Balkan yew populations. Phenotypic diversity was examined for seven populations, using morphometric analysis of nine phenotypic traits of needles. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the inter- and intrapopulation variability. In addition, to test correlations between geographic, climatic and phenotypic data, Mantel test was used. We identified a geographic structure across studied populations that exhibited high levels of variability on intra- and interpopulation levels. Two groups of populations have been defined and are consistent with previously described genetic divergent lineages from separate refugia. In addition, a significant correlation between phenotypic and geographic data were revealed, i.e., isolation by distance (IBD). However, the Mantel test revealed no significant correlation between morphometric and environmental data. In conclusion, our data reveal that the historical events and persistent IBD acted in combination to produce the morphological patterns observed in common yew populations in the north-western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Finally, we suggested conservation measures to be implemented on a stand level, with habitat preservation as the main goal. In addition, ex situ conservation should be considered, both in the form of collections and urban planting, as both provide additional gene pool reserves.

Геологічне обґрунтування зон, перспективних для накопичення затрубних запасів газу (Східно-Новоселівське нафтогазоконденсатне родовище, Дніпровсько-Донецька западина)

The practical experience of long-term operation of hydrocarbon deposits confirms the presence of geomechanical processes and their significant impact on the state of the gas-saturated massif of rocks. In fields that are being operated for a long time, the prospects for industrial hydrocarbon accumulation can be associated with secondary gas traps of non-traditional type, in particular, technogenic ones, which are formed in low-pore reservoirs. A detailed analysis of the geological conditions of the East-Novoselovskyi field was carried out. They contribute to the formation of additional gas resources (“behind-pipe reserves” category), as well as the establishment of geological-industrial indices of the perspectivity for the formation of technogenic deposits was carried out. The purpose of the work is geological justification and finding perspective zones for the accumulation of behind-pipe reserves through the formation of technogenic deposits under the impact of a geomechanical factor, using the example of the East-Novoselovskyi oil-gas condensate field. For the geological conditions of the East-Novoselovskiy Oil-Gas Condensate Field, producing the additional gas reserves should be expected from technogenic deposits that are located above the industrial horizons that are being developed and formed in low-porous reservoirs under the action of a geomechanical factor, as a result of their decompaction after gas extraction from an industrial reservoir as a result of its compression. In accordance with the conducted research, the most perspective section, from the standpoint of the formation of a technogenic deposit and the accumulation of behind-pipe reserves, within the East-Novoselovskyi Oil-Gas Condensate Field there is the strata identified in the area of wells No. 16, 18, 60, in the section interval at a distance of 92.4 m up from the roof of the horizon (B-3b), which is located from a depth of 2141 m to the roof of the horizon B-3a, at a depth of 2 233 m. It is worthwhile to further carry out appropriate geophysical work for conducting the technological work for the development of technogenic deposits in perspective zones behind the casing column in operated wells. The account of the geomechanical factor opens up the perspective of producing the additional industrial gas influx at the late stages of the development of gas and gas-condensate fields, by predicting the geological conditions for the formation of the improved secondary filtration-capacitive properties favorable to form technogenic gas deposits.

TRENDS AND STATE INCENTIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESSING INDUSTRY ON THE BASIS OF NATURAL RESOURCE TYPES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE REGION

The purpose of the article is to develop and test on the example of a particular region (Volyn region) methodological approach to assessing the level of industrial processing of primary products of natural resource economic activities, as well as comparison with relevant indicators for the country as a whole to identify additional domestic reserves of economic growth areas of Polissya and Forest-Steppe, which were less affected by hostilities. A methodological approach to determining the multiplier and value added index to assess the scale and reserves of development of processing industries and the base of natural resource complexes in the region. The evaluation results showed that in Volyn region, compared to Ukraine as a whole, there are positive trends to reduce the index of excess value added of resource species over processing, as well as to increase the multiplier of value added of processing and natural resource complexes, but added value resource value of economic activity is still dominated by the added value of processing, so there are reserves to improve the situation in this direction. The analysis of state incentives for the development of processing industry in the Volyn region, which are laid down in the Strategy for the development of the Volyn region, state and regional programs for the development of natural resource complexes in the region. It was found that the list of instruments of financial and economic incentives is insufficient and takes the form of mostly budget funding, the amount of financial assistance is limited, and expenditures from the regional (local) budget do not have a specific purpose. It is concluded that there is a need to further substantiate the directions of economic incentives for the development of complex processing industries based on local natural resources and waste, which will create new jobs, increase budget revenues at all levels, increase profitability for business owners and investors, promote rural development. territories and economic growth of the region as a whole.

Процесс яровизации как фактор повышения урожайности картофеля в условиях Магаданской области

The article substantiates the need for the development of effective potato growing based on seed production of zoned potato varieties. The analysis of the state of the industry on the territory of the region was carried out, as a result of which the trends of its development were determined. Thus, production volumes make it possible to meet the needs of the population by only 62.3%, which is clearly not enough in the context of a policy of accelerated import substitution. Potato sown areas are decreasing every year; over the past 5 years, the decline was 12.2%. In 2020, potato crops occupied 657 hectares, which is 82.6% of the total area under food crops. The yield of potatoes from year to year has unstable dynamics and amounts to 118.6 c/ha, which is almost 28% higher than in 2019, but 9% lower than in 2018. The relevance and practical significance of research is determined, which consists in finding additional reserves to increase the efficiency of potato production in the conditions of the Magadan region. An assessment is given of economically valuable and varietal characteristics of varieties of local selection. The process of pre-planting preparation of potato tubers is considered as an affordable, low-cost way to increase productivity. The recommended vernalization measures (warming, gardening and germination) contribute to the rapid emergence of shoots that appear after 10-14 days or (240-336 hours) after planting, and the formation of tubers occurs half a month earlier than for tubers not subject to the process. In addition, as a result of experimental studies, it was found that the vernalization process contributes to an increase in potato yield by 25–40%. In the advisory part of the work, methods for pre-planting treatment of tubers using local biological resources are proposed based on a review of the material on this issue.

Мотиваційна методика навчання вправам фітнес-аеробіки на уроках фізичної культури старшокласників

One of the effective forms of ensuring the formation of positive interest in students, motivation to engage in physical culture, development of physical qualities, health promotion is fitness aerobics. To develop a method of using fitness aerobics in physical education classes as a tool for forming motivation for high school girls to exercise. Methodology research is based on scientific principles set forth in the works of famous teachers, coaches, psychologists, specialists in physical culture and sports, physical education and physical training; specialists in the theory and methods of development of motor skills; modern specialists in the field of aerobic technologies; specialists in medical and biological foundations of health physical culture. Scientific novelty is that the method of using fitness aerobics in the lessons of physical culture of high school students is theoretically substantiated and developed; improved the content of independent classes planned in the educational process of physical culture, which were used as an additional reserve for motivation and development of physical qualities of girls, increase their weekly physical activity and laid the foundation for personal organization of independent classes; added data on the use of fitness aerobics to increase the level of physical fitness of high school students and motivation to exercise. In order to determine the impact of our methodology aimed at improving physical education lessons and motivation for the classes themselves, a re-study was conducted during the formative part of the experiment. The results of this study show that the number of girls who regularly started attending physical education classes increased by 20 % to 88%. It is also important to note that after the introduction of aerobics in physical education classes, the number of students who began to enjoy physical education lessons increased to 96 %, while before the introduction of the method, their number was 84%.

Fitness exercises as a means of motivation for physical education classes for high school students

In the article, fitness aerobics is considered as one of the effective forms that provide the formation of interest and motivation among high school students for physical exercises and health promotion. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for using fitness aerobics in physical education classes in physical education classes for high school girls. The study was conducted on the basis of Kharkov Specialized School № 33. The study involved 25 students in grades 10–11. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical observation; pedagogical experiment; pedagogical testing; methods of mathematical statistics. The method of using fitness aerobics in the physical education classes of high school girls was theoretically substantiated and developed. Improved the content of the planned independent fitness classes, which were used as an additional reserve of motivation and increase weekly physical activity. The data on the use of fitness aerobics to increase the level of physical fitness of high school students and motivation for physical education have been supplemented. The results of the study show that after the introduction of aerobics in physical education classes, the number of students who began to engage in physical education increased to 96 %, while before the introduction of fitness aerobics, attendance was 84 %.

Сучасні перспективні металеві матеріали для бронеперешкод (огляд)

To date, means of protection of all types of armored vehicles against damage by small arms are actively being developed, new grades of steel with increased anti-projectile resistance indicators are being developed, which ensure a reduction in the metal content of structures while simultaneously increasing the tactical and technical characteristics of the product. The constant increase in requirements for the protection of armored vehicles, caused by the improvement of highly effective means of attack, dictates the need to find new approaches to increase the dynamic stability of armored steels using modern metallurgical, material science and construction achievements. The development and design of workable materials and structures of armor protection is a complex scientific and technical problem. The purpose of the work is to determine, based on the analysis of literary sources, the main trends in the development and improvement of modern metal materials for the manufacture of armored obstacles, which have high dynamic resistance against modern highly effective small arms weapons. The paper analyzes the most widely used metal materials for the manufacture of armored barriers, presents information about their advantages and disadvantages, and provides an assessment of the prospects for further development of this industry. It is noted that the current concept of weapons development is aimed at the use of high-tech materials and innovative methods that allow improving protective functions without increasing the mass and dimensions of armor protection. Currently, many different materials are used to create armor protection: metal plates based on steel, titanium, aluminum and their alloys, aramid or polyethylene fibers, as well as ceramics based on boron carbides, silicon, and others. In accordance with the existing concept of increasing the effectiveness of armor protection and ensuring a combination of firepower, security and mobility, the use of promising materials for the creation of armor protection provides an additional reserve for increasing the combat and military-economic efficiency of military equipment.