Addition Of Zeolite Research Articles

Synthetic Zeolite A as Zinc and Manganese Fertilizer in Calcareous Soil

ABSTRACTThe Leccino olive cultivar was grown in pots contained calcareous rendzina soil amended with NPK fertilizer (control treatment) or with further addition of Zeolite A (ZA) containing either zinc (Zn2+) or manganese (Mn2+) (Zn-ZA and Mn-ZA). After one year, vegetative growth and root morphological parameters were measured and elemental analysis was performed on the root, stem, and leaves. Compared to other treatments, the Zn-ZA fertilizer enhanced Zn concentration and total quantity in the root, stem, and leaves, as well as the root diameter. The root volume was greater using Zn-ZA treatment than control treatment. The total quantity of Mn in root and the root length were enhanced when using Mn-ZA compared to control or Zn-ZA treatment. According to the results of this study, it appears that zeolites containing Zn provide favorable conditions for Zn uptake in calcareous soils, while both Zn and Mn zeolites have a positive impact on olive root morphology.

Adsorption study of methyl orange by chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/zeolite electrospun composite nanofibrous membrane

The chitosan/polyvinyl Alcohol/zeolite electrospun composite nanofibrous membrane was fabricated for adsorption of methyl orange. The EDX, TGA and tensile test were carried out for the characterization of the membrane. The Young’s Modulus of the nanofibrous membranes increased by more than 100% with the addition of zeolite to chitosan/PVA. The batch adsorption tests were conducted by varying the initial concentration of methyl orange, contact time and pH of the dye solution. UV–vis results showed that most of the dye was adsorbed within 6 min. An adsorption kinetic study was carried out using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Lagergren-first-order model and intra particle diffusion model. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the Pseudo second order model. The adsorption mechanism was analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The experimental data fits well with the Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity of the membrane was 153 mg/g. Adsorption capacity was decreased with increasing pH value. The resulting nanofiber became less active over methyl orange after several runs.

Impacts of zero valent iron, natural zeolite and Dnase on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes during thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure

This study investigated the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during mesophilic (mAD) and thermophilic digestion (tAD) of swine manure through zero valent iron (ZVI), natural zeolite and Dnase addition. Changes of microbial community, intI1, heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) and virulence factors (VFs) were followed to clarify the influencing factors to ARGs reduction. Results showed that AD could realize ARGs reduction with tAD superior to mAD, and ZVI and natural zeolite could further enhance the reduction, especially for natural zeolite addition at mAD. The reduction efficiency of the relative abundance of ARGs was increased by 33.3% and 138.5% after ZVI and natural zeolite addition, respectively, but Dnase deteriorated ARGs reduction at mAD. Most of ARGs could be reduced effectively except sulII and tetM. Network analysis and partial redundancy analysis indicated that co-occurrence of MRGs followed by microbial community contributed the most to the variation of ARGs fate among treatments.

Influence of Nutrient Impregnated into Zeolite Addition on Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) was wastewater generated from palm oil milling activities which was brownish liquid, acidic with pH 3-4, and contained soluble materials which were hazardous to the environment. It was characterized by high organic loading (COD 40,000–60,000 mg/L). According to its characteristics, POME was identified as a potential source to generate renewable energy through anaerobic digestion. In other words, a combination of wastewater treatment and renewable energy production would be an additional advantage to the palm oil industries. Methanogenesis was the rate limiting step in anaerobic digestion. In the conventional anaerobic digester, it required large reactors and long retention time. The addition of microbial immobilization media was to improve anaerobic reactor performance in term of higher organic removal and methane production. Additionally, better performance could lead to reduction of reactor volume and shorter retention time in high rate anaerobic digester. The loading of essential microorganism nutrient into the media might increase the affinity of bacteria to attach and grow on the media surface.Activating or inhibition effects of natural and modified zeolite addition in anaerobic digestion of POME was studied in batch reactors using erlenmeyer of 1,000 mL at COD concentrations of about 8,000 mg/L. Zeolite was impregnated with nickel and magnesium at concentrations of 0.0561 mg Ni/g zeolite and 0.0108 mg Mg/g zeolite. The effect of the different zeolite addition was determined by the measurement of soluble COD (sCOD), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) and biogas production. Greater effect of modified zeolite was observed in zeolite impregnated with nickel with a 54% increase of biogas production. Meanwhile, the modified zeolite impregnated with magnesium had no positive impact to the methanogenic bacteria activities.

The addition of zeolite adsorbents and calcium oxide on purification of bioethanol from sugar palm (arenga pinnata merr)

Bioethanol (C2H5OH) is a biochemical liquid produced by microorganisms through fermentation process on sugar molecules from carbohydrates. Bioethanol is a fuel of vegetable oil that has similar properties to premium. With its main product of palm juice, Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is a potential source of sugar and carbohydrate for bioethanol production. Production of palm juice can reach up to 12-14 liters/tree/day with total sugar content in palm juice ranges from 12-15%. The purpose of this research was to produce highly-concentrated bioethanol from palm juice through fermentation proccess to subtitude fossil fuel. This study was conducted with three stages of treatment, namely: the fermentation of palm juice, distillation of bioethanol, and purification of bioethanol with the addition of adsorbent zeolite and calcium oxide.

Chemical and biological assessment of Cd-polluted sediment for land use: The effect of stabilization using chitosan-coated zeolite

Disposal of dredged sediment contaminated with heavy metals on site or in landfills inevitably causes leaching of metals that generate new environmental problems. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of stabilizing heavy metal Cd in sediment taken from Dongting Lake, China, using a chitosan-coated zeolite, and assessed the feasibility of reusing the stabilized sediment in river bank soil based on chemical and biological analyses. Results showed that the addition of chitosan-coated zeolite significantly reduced acid-exchangeable Cd by 8% in the dredged sediment and 7% in a sediment–soil mixture. Cadmium leachability was greatly reduced in the amended sediment or sediment–soil mixture. Toxicity bioassay using Eisenia fetida showed the mortality rate of worms reduced by 16% in sediment–soil mixture with a Cd concentration of 550 mg/kg and by 17% under a Cd concentration of 250 mg/kg, both with the addition of modified zeolite. Moreover, assimilation of Cd in the earthworms was decreased by a maximum of 36 mg/kg in the sediment–soil mixture with zeolite amendment. These results indicate that the reuse of Cd-contaminated sediment following chitosan-coated zeolite modification is a feasible option for treating the dredged sediment, and could thus benefit both aquatic and terrestrial systems.

Evaluation of the addition of immobilizing agents on selected physicochemical properties of soil contaminated with heavy metals

This study was aimed at determining effects of increasing simultaneous contamination of soil with Pb and Zn at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg·kg -1 and with Cd at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg·kg -1 soil, after the addition of immobilizing agents (zeolite, diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, limestone, and activated carbon), on selected properties of soil. In the soil without the immobilizing agents, the highest doses of metals caused a decrease in pH value, total sorption capacity, total exchangeable base cations and saturation of the sorption complex with base cations as well as an increase in hydrolytic acidity and electrical conductivity of the soil. Among the agents applied, dolomite and activated carbon exerted a positive effect on the analyzed properties of soil, as they contributed to an increase in pH value, total exchangeable bases, and total sorption capacity, and to a decrease in hydrolytic acidity of the soil. The addition of zeolite caused soil electrical conductivity to decrease compared to the control pot, at all levels of soil contamination with Pb, Cd, and Zn.

Blood biochemical changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) fed different levels of copper sulphate and zeolite

In this study, copper toxicity, was investigated after the addition of zeolite to the diet of common carps (Cyprinus carpio). The experiment included four groups with three replicates each. The 4 group feeds were [CuSO4; CuSO4 + Zeolite; Zeolite, and the control without CuSO4 or Zeolite with three replicates each. Fishes were kept in 80 L glass aquariums with 10 fishes with a mean weight of 60.6 ± 0.2 g. At the end of each period, a necropsy was performed on fishes from each treatment, and gross clinical signs were recorded. We found significant changes in the blood parameters of the common carps with or without different levels of zeolite and copper. Changes in cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), magnesium (Mg2+), and ferrous (Fe+2) were also significant. Our results suggest that zeolite can be used in fish feeds at a rate of 40 mg/l to mitigate the toxic effects of copper.

Changing the characteristics and properties of zeolite Y and nano-anatase in the formation of a nano-anatase/Y composite with improved photocatalytic and adsorption properties

Zeolite Y and the NTD/Y nanocomposite, which were synthesized in situ (the addition of zeolite Y to the reaction mixture in the course of the synthesis of NTD by the sulfate method), were studied by a variety of methods. The decrease in the particle size (scanning electron microscopy) and the water content in pores (X-ray powder diffraction study, the full-profile Rietveld method, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry), the increase in OH groups content and the decrease in the water content on the surface of zeolite (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) in the composition of NTD/Y compared to the initial zeolite Y were all established. A larger specific surface area of NTD/Y (Brunauer–Emmet–Teller method) compared to the initial zeolite Y is due to the fact that zeolite Y in the nanocomposite contains a smaller amount of water because of the synthesis conditions and the presence of nanocrystalline NTD on the surface of zeolite particles. It was found that NTD/Y nanocomposite exhibits a higher photocatalytic activity in the model decomposition reaction of methyl orange under UV and adsorption capacity for the extraction of P(V) and As(V) ions from aqueous media compared to the initial zeolite and pure NTD obtained under the same conditions, which differs from NTD/Y by the larger particle size, the smaller specific surface and the smaller content of OH groups and water on the surface. The role of Bronsted and Lewis centers in the realization of properties is discussed.

Biogas Improvement by Adding Australian Zeolite During the Anaerobic Digestion of C:N Ratio Adjusted Swine Manure

Maintenance of the ideal carbon: nitrogen (C:N) ratio with a minimum level of TAN is a key challenge for achieving maximum potential CH4 production through the anaerobic digestion process of agricultural waste such as swine manure. Biogas production can be enhanced by adding zeolite into the anaerobic digestion medium. However, the effects of zeolite addition to C:N ratio adjusted feedstock, on the digester performance is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of Australian zeolite on anaerobic digestion of swine manure with a C:N ratio adjusted to 30 and to determine the optimal zeolite application rate to achieve the best performance. The Australian zeolite significantly enhanced CH4 production and reduced the lag phase of anaerobic digestion in batch production. The optimal addition rate of zeolite was appeared to be around 40 g/L. The better digester performance was attributed by the reduction of dissolved ammonium from the digestate. This study indicates that Australian zeolite is an effective treatment to address problems associated with co-digestion of swine manure with different carbon sources.

Effect of Australian zeolite on methane production and ammonium removal during anaerobic digestion of swine manure

Anaerobic digestion is one of the most effective methods for treating swine manure by converting it into green energy, and efficiently reducing methane (CH4) emission to the atmosphere. Low C/N ratio of swine manure and the production of high levels of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) during acidogenesis due to the high N contents of swine manure considerably reduce CH4 yield. The reduction of N during anaerobic digestion by the addition of zeolite improves CH4 production and reduces potential environmental threats associated with ammonia (NH3) emissions from anaerobic digestion of swine manure. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimum Australian zeolite dose that produces maximum NH4+ recovery at optimum CH4 production. In laboratory experiments, swine manure was treated with natural and sodium zeolites at 0, 10, 40, 70, 100 mg/L and digested anaerobically for 60 days. Natural zeolite at a dose of 40 g/L resulted in the largest increase (29%) in total CH4 yield from swine manure compared to the nil zeolite treatments. The lag phase of digestion was decreased with increasing zeolite doses up to 100 g/L. Natural and sodium zeolites at a dose of 100 g/L reduced NH4+ by 50% and 52% in the media, respectively, compared to the nil zeolite treatments. However, the increases in CH4 yield of natural and sodium zeolites at a dose of 100 g/L were only 10% and 12%, respectively. Variations of cation concentrations in the digesters caused by adding zeolite at different rates might be a reason for variation of biogas and CH4 productions from various rates of zeolites digesters.

Effects of zeolite application on grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

With the increasing scarcity of water resources and growing population, the dual goal of saving irrigation water and increasing grain yield has become a major challenge in rice production around the world. A two-year lysimetric experiment was conducted to assess the effects of zeolite application (Z0: 0 and Z1: 15 t/hm2) and water regimes (W0: continuous flooding irrigation, W1: energy-controlled irrigation, W2: alternate wetting and drying irrigation) on grain yield, water use and total nitrogen uptake of rice. Zeolite addition to paddy field significantly increased grain yield, total N uptake, and water use efficiency (WUE), despite a negligible effect on amount of irrigation water used. Compared with W0, the separate use of W1 and W2 each considerably decreased irrigation water. However, W2-grown rice showed a significant decline in grain yield. In contrast, W1 showed comparable grain yield with W0, and achieved the highest WUE. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, water consumption, and total N uptake. It is concluded that the combination of zeolite application at the rate of 15 t/hm2 and energy-controlled irrigation could be recommended to benefit farmers by reducing irrigation water while improving grain yield on a clay loam soil. Keywords: zeolite, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, rice, yield, water use efficiency DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.3064 Citation: Zheng J L, Chen T T, Xia G M, Chen W, Liu G Y, Chi D C. Effects of zeolite application on grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(1): 157–164.

Evaluation of Zeolite/Backfill Blend for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation in Coal Mine

Brazilian coal exhibits high ash and sulfur content, making it more susceptible to acid mine drainage (AMD). Furthermore, combustion of this coal generates a significant amount of ash containing amorphous silicon and aluminum oxides, allowing alkaline hydrothermal processing of this waste via zeolites. These versatile compounds have been suggested as an alternative material for AMD remediation. This study aims to evaluate the use of zeolite Na–P1 in backfill blends for application in coal mines. Laboratory scale leaching experiments were performed, and several techniques (major and trace elements, pH, and conductivity) were monitored over time, in order to assess AMD remediation and the mobilization of ions in leachates using different zeolite/tailing blends. The results indicate that the addition of zeolites, obtained from coal ash, promotes the remediation of metal content in water generated by AMD and is therefore a more beneficial process in the removal of metal ions. With regard to the 50:50 backfill...

The effect of zeolite addition on parameters of concrete containing recycled ceramic aggregate

In the paper it was decided to recognize the material characteristics of concrete based on ceramic aggregate, aluminous cement with the addition of zeolite (5%, 10%, 15%) and air entraining admixture. Aggregate crushed to 2 fractions was used for designing the concrete mix : 0-4 mm, and 4-8 mm. The research involved the use of clinoptilolite derived from the zeolite tuff deposit at Sokyrnytsya (Transcarpathia, Ukraine). The dominant component in the zeolite is clinoptilolite in an amount of about 75%. The research carried out by the authors showed that the addition of zeolite, among others, increases the compressive strength of concrete, significantly improves the frost resistance, which in the case of using only aluminous cement is very low. The obtained results confirm the possibility of using the above-mentioned components, which improve the concrete material properties and are environmentally friendly.

Effects of the Incorporation of Zeolite on Zoo technical Parameters of Chicken

This study aims to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of zeolite in poultry feeds on broiler performance. Three regimens were formulated for this study: A0, A0.5 and A1 containing 0%, 0.5% and 1% of zeolite, respectively. The Fattening experiment was performed for a 39 days period. A total of 200 one day old Hubbard JV chicks were allotted in nine pens of 22 birds. Each diet was distributed to 3 homogenous groups (3 × 3 × 22). For each regimen, animals were fed ad libitum starter CF1 (1-17 days of age), then grower-finisher CF2 (18-39 days of age) concentrates. Live body weight, daily gain, feed intake and mortality were recorded during the fattening trial. Overall results indicate that zeolite had no influence on global growth performance (48, 71 g). Live body weight (1937, 33 g), feed intake (93, 54 g), feed conversion ratio (1.92) and mortality rate averaged (10, 48%). At the beginning of the fattening trial, a nonsignificant negative effect of zeolite was found on chickens’ growth performance. Then, with the transition from CF1 to CF2, a non-significant positive effect was detected. A slight incidence (p>0.63) of zeolite has been observed either on feed digestive coefficients or nitrogen retention. In conclusion, it appears that the addition of zeolite in broiler feeds does not have any impact on the different parameters studied.

Effects of zeolite application on grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

With the increasing scarcity of water resources and growing population, the dual goal of saving irrigation water and increasing grain yield has become a major challenge in rice production around the world. A two-year lysimetric experiment was conducted to assess the effects of zeolite application (Z0: 0 and Z1: 15 t/hm2) and water regimes (W0: continuous flooding irrigation, W1: energy-controlled irrigation, W2: alternate wetting and drying irrigation) on grain yield, water use and total nitrogen uptake of rice. Zeolite addition to paddy field significantly increased grain yield, total N uptake, and water use efficiency (WUE), despite a negligible effect on amount of irrigation water used. Compared with W0, the separate use of W1 and W2 each considerably decreased irrigation water. However, W2-grown rice showed a significant decline in grain yield. In contrast, W1 showed comparable grain yield with W0, and achieved the highest WUE. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, water consumption, and total N uptake. It is concluded that the combination of zeolite application at the rate of 15 t/hm2 and energy-controlled irrigation could be recommended to benefit farmers by reducing irrigation water while improving grain yield on a clay loam soil. Keywords: zeolite, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, rice, yield, water use efficiency DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.3064 Citation: Zheng J L, Chen T T, Xia G M, Chen W, Liu G Y, Chi D C. Effects of zeolite application on grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(1): 157–164.

Use of zeolite to neutralise nickel in a soil environment

Nickel is a heavy metal which is a stable soil pollutant which is difficult to remediate. An attempt to reduce its impact on the environment can be made by changing its solubility. The right level of hydrogen ions and the content of mineral and organic colloids are crucial in this regard. Therefore, methods to neutralise heavy metals in soil are sought. There are no reports in the literature on the possibility of using minerals in the detoxication of a soil environment contaminated with metals. It is important to fill the gap in research on the effect of zeolites on the microbiological, biochemical and physicochemical properties of soils under pressure from heavy metals. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted on two soils which examined the effect of various levels of contamination of soil with nickel on the activity of soil enzymes, physical and chemical properties and growth and development of plants. An alleviating effect of zeolite Bio.Zeo.S.01 on the negative impact of nickel on the soil and a plant (oats) was examined. The enzyme activity and the oat yield were found to be significantly and negatively affected by an excess of nickel in the soil, regardless of the soil type. The metal was accumulated more in the oat roots than in the above-ground parts. An addition of zeolite decreased the level of accumulation of nickel in oats grown only on sandy-silty loam. Zeolite Bio.Zeo.S.01 used in the study only slightly alleviated the negative effect of nickel on the biochemical properties of soil. Therefore, its usability in the remediation of soil contaminated with nickel is small.

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by photolysis and photo-Fenton oxidation

This work aimed at comparing different UV and H2O2 based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) −photolysis, UV/H2O2, and photo-Fenton reaction- for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a common ingredient of phytosanitary products. The influence of oxidant dose (H2O2), catalyst type and concentration, pollutant concentration, water matrix and irradiation spectrum was also analyzed. Under reference conditions (25 mg/L of 2,4-D in osmosed water), photo-Fenton oxidation using Fe2+ salt, initial pH value of 2.6 and a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp (10 W, λ = 254 nm) yielded more than 85% of pollutant mineralization in one hour, as compared to 60% and less than 10% for UV/H2O2 and photolysis, respectively. Such a performance could be achieved in 10 min only when applying optimal concentration range for Fenton’s reagent (2 to 5 times the stoichiometric amount of H2O2 and oxidant-to-catalyst molar ratio from 25 to 40). Conversely, addition of a ZSM-5 zeolite bearing iron active sites albeit catalyzing Fenton oxidation at natural pH – did not bring additional benefit to UV/H2O2 process. Use of wastewater treatment plant effluent as aqueous matrix or irradiation in the UVA-visible range somewhat lowered the fficiency of the homogeneous photo-Fenton process. Nonetheless, bench scale experiments under sunlight gave promising results for 2,4 D remediation in wastewater, leading to over 80% conversion of the pollutant within ten minutes.

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of poly(butylene succinate)/NaY zeolite nanocomposites

The poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable polymer widely employed in the industry and its microstructure is strongly determined by its crystallization. Consequently, this paper investigates the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of PBS nanocomposites filled with NaY zeolite. The samples were prepared by melt blending with the insertion of 1 and 2 wt% filler. The nonisothermal crystallization was investigated from differential scanning calorimetry, whereas the crystalline structure was studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and the morphology of spherulites was observed by Optical Microscopy. From these techniques, the crystallinity of PBS appeared to increase with the addition of zeolite and the crystals displayed a larger size. In the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics Avrami model was found to be applicable. Dobreva’s method highlighted the nucleating effect induced by the zeolite and the crystallization activation energy indicated a modification of the polymer chain diffusion. The results showed that the zeolite induced two simultaneous effects with promoting the nucleation and also the crystal chains expansion of PBS during its nonisothermal crystallization.

English

The ban on use of antibiotic growth promoter for fattening chickens has created demand for other weight and health promoting supplements. Phytogens, and especially essential oils (EO) or their components, have attracted great interest. They are considered 'natural' and leaving no unwanted tissue residue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of XTRACT (R) (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and capsicum oleoresin) and natural zeolite clinoptilolite as feed additives in broiler chicken. Addition of XTRACT (R) and/or zeolite had positive influence at antioxidative enzymes SOD and GPx during chicken fattening. This indirectly resulted in higher final body weight of chicken. Lower lipid peroxidation in breast meat and drumsticks was also observed in experimental groups. The sensory quality of chicken breast meat and drumstick meat, expressed as color, structure, juiciness, tenderness, odor and taste acceptability was improved in experimental groups.