Addition Of TiO2 Research Articles

Effect of TiO2 Addition on the Viscosity of Ladle Refining Slags

Effect of TiO2 Addition on the Viscosity of Ladle Refining Slags

Effect of TiO2 addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3 ceramic joints brazed with Ag‐CuO fillers

AbstractIn our work, 0.5 mol.% TiO2 was added to Ag‐xCuO (x = 2, 4, 8 mol.%) fillers whose compositions at 1050°C were in the L2 single liquid phase region, the boundary of the miscible phase region, and the L1+L2 miscible phase region, respectively. The role of TiO2 was derived by comparing the quenching microstructure of the fillers on the Al2O3 ceramics and the effect on the interfacial microstructure and shear strength of the joints before and after the addition of TiO2. The results showed that the TiO2 would dissolve into the CuO‐rich L1 liquid phase of the filler, leading it to spread outside the molten droplet. When brazing with Ag‐4CuO‐0.5TiO2 filler, the CuO at the joint interface almost completely disappeared, and the shear strength of the joint was significantly reduced. In contrast, the joint strength showed a small increase when using Ag‐8CuO‐0.5TiO2 filler, as the excess CuO at the interface of the brazed joint was reduced. When the filler composition was in the L2 single liquid phase region, CuO was diffusely distributed throughout the molten droplet. TiO2 was hardly contacted with CuO and its addition had no significant effect on the interfacial microstructure and the shear strength of the joints.

Effects of TiO2 on fiber spinnability, structure, and mechanical properties of glasses derived from simulated lunar soils

The construction of lunar stations for research and habitation requires high-performance building materials that can adapt to the harsh lunar environment. One of the feasible building materials is fiber-reinforced composites, for which the composition of glass fibers can be designed like lunar soils, i.e., terrestrial basalt, and in turn the “lunar glass” can be drawn into fibers. Because of a wide variation of TiO2 in lunar soils, our study focused on a series investigation on the effect of TiO2 (0.55 wt%-6.14 wt%) on fiber spinnability and strength of the simulated “lunar glass and glass fibers”. The baseline glass composition was derived from a simulated TiO2-lean lunar soil and other glasses were made at different TiO2 doping levels. The addition of TiO2 was found to reduce the thermal stability of the melt, there appears a TiO2 threshold (6.14 wt%), at which fibers cannot be drawn without breakage because of melt devitrification. The fiber tensile strength exhibits a nonlinear characteristic with an apparent maximum at 1.52 wt% TiO2. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic studies were carried out to investigate the glass network structure responses to TiO2 modifications and show TiO2 functions as a network modifier, depolymerizing the silicate network. Statistical structure (FTIR & Raman based)–property modeling was attempted to further elucidate the effect of TiO2-induced structure change on Tg and fiber tensile strength. Good agreements were found between the model predictions and the measured values.

Characterization of composite bioplastic from Cassava starch with titanium dioxide and zinc oxide

This study focused on bioplastics and composite bioplastics with incorporated ZnO and TiO2. The ZnO gave a film more transparent than that made with TiO2. The effects of these additives on physical and mechanical properties, biodegradability, surface morphology, and thermal properties of the films were investigated. The functional groups O-H, C-H, C=O, and C-O in the bioplastic and the composites were confirmed by FT-IR. The addition of ZnO and TiO2 could increase thermal stability. The composites exhibited higher tensile strength than the control bioplastic film. The bioplastic film was 100% biodegradable compared to 14.71% and 14.59% for ZnO and TiO2 containing bioplastic films, respectively.

Modulating NCM622 electrode to efficiently boost the lithium storage and thermal safety of its full batteries

High-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 cathodes necessitate a cost-effective and straightforward electrode modification technique to enhance both lithium storage capacity and thermal safety performance in industrial settings. This paper introduces an economically viable, convenient, and industrially feasible approach: the integration of minute quantities of TiO2 and TiN additives into the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode, aimed at enhancing the performance of NCM622-TT||Graphite pouch full batteries, particularly in terms of lithium storage and thermal safety. Remarkably, under testing conditions of 45 °C and 1C rate, the TiO2&TiN-modified pouch full battery demonstrated a capacity retention rate of 82.6 % after 1000 cycles, representing a substantial improvement of over 53 % compared to the pure NCM622|| graphite pouch full battery. Furthermore, needling tests revealed a notable reduction of 12.4 °C in the average temperature increase during thermal runaway in the modified LIB, indicating a significant enhancement in safety. Comprehensive characterization and mechanistic analysis suggest that the incorporation of TiO2 and TiN enhances interfacial compatibility and stability, mitigates side reactions during cycling, and indirectly improves ion transport kinetics. Unlike traditional approaches involving electrode material modifications and battery structural design, modulating the NCM electrode offers a promising avenue for advancing the research and development of nickel-rich NCM LIBs, with considerable practical implications for industrial applications.

Evaluation of the effect of the addition of TiO2 on the dielectric behaviour of YNbO4 ceramic using impedance spectroscopy

Evaluation of the effect of the addition of TiO2 on the dielectric behaviour of YNbO4 ceramic using impedance spectroscopy

Insights into CO oxidation on Au/TiO2-HMor zeolite catalysts at low temperature

The effect of combining TiO2 and mordenite zeolite (HMOR), employed as support of gold nanoparticles, on the CO oxidation reaction at low temperature is studied. The amount of TiO2 encapsulated into HMOR was varied and the catalyst efficiency was investigated. The deposition-precipitation with urea (DPU) method was used to deposit gold nanoparticles; likewise, the synthesis of monometallic catalysts based on TiO2 and HMOR is reported. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of TiO2 influenced the properties of the TiO2-HMOR composite, and its catalytic performance in the CO oxidation from 20°C. It was established that the 5Au/(28)TiO2-HMOR composite was the most active catalyst at lower temperatures, which was ascribed to the close contact among the components of the TiO2-HMOR composite, gold dispersion, gold and TiO2 loadings, and Au and Ti species present in the catalysts.

Porous polypropylene produced by phase separation for high solar reflectivity and passive cooling

Passive cooling techniques have gained widespread use in everyday life and various industries by utilizing sunlight reflection to cool objects without requiring additional energy input. Porous polymer materials possess the unique ability to provide both thermal insulation and solar reflection due to their inherent multiphase structure. In this study, we developed a porous polypropylene (PP) with a hierarchically structured surface layer using a simple and efficient solvent treatment method based on recrystallization. As a result, the porous structure and hierarchically structured surface significantly increase the solar reflectance from 11 to 86%. We found that by manipulating the recrystallization process and using reflective additives, solar reflectivity can be further improved. With the use of TiO2 and BaSO4 additives, a solar reflectance of 90% was achieved, while a solar reflectance of 93% was achieved with nucleating agents. In practical terms, these improvements result in significant temperature reductions in cooling performance tests compared to extruded PP sheets: 17, 19, and 22 °C for porous PP, porous PP/TiO2 or PP/BaSO4, and porous nucleated PP, respectively. The modification method introduced could help PP offer new possibilities for developing low-cost chemically resistant and thermally insulating layers in thermal management applications.

Kinetics of Decolorization of Reactive Textile Dye via Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Using Titanium Dioxide

The textile industry is known for its excessive water consumption and environmental impact. One of the major challenges it faces is managing pollution generated by dyes, particularly bifunctional dyes, such as sumireact supra yellow s-hbu, with a red appearance and sumifix supra lemon-yellow e-xf, with a yellow appearance. This study aimed to investigate the decolorization kinetics of synthetic solutions of said bifunctional dyes, which comprise triazine and vinylsulfon. We conducted various tests, including modifications of pH, the addition of TiO2 P-50 nanoparticles, exposure to solar radiation, limited contact with oxygen, and eolic agitation. The initial solutions had a concentration of 1000 ppm of textile dye. The study showed that the reaction order for the “red” solutions in the R6 and R9 reactors and all the yellow solutions was ½. The concentration of nanoparticles and pH had a significant impact on the reaction rate. The yellow solutions with a concentration of 800 ppm and pH levels of 3.15, 4.13, and 2.25 demonstrated 100% color discoloration, followed by solutions with a concentration of 400 ppm and pH levels of 3.15, 2.25, and 4.13. The analysis of variance confirmed the reaction rate constants for the yellow solutions and emphasized the significance of pH in this process.

Improving the comprehensive properties of ZrO2–C materials with aid of TiO2 addition

Owing to the harsh working condition, the ZrO2–C materials used in the slag line in the submerged entry nozzle are confronted with serious slag erosion. In order to solve this issue, different amounts of TiO2 addition ranging from 0 to 6 wt% are added and their effects on the erosion resistance of ZrO2–C materials in addition to phase composition, microstructure, physical properties and high-temperature mechanical properties are investigated in this work. When the sintering temperature is above 1400 °C, fine TiC grains and SiC whiskers are in-situ formed and distributed around ZrO2 particles, which can reinforce the matrix and improve the strength of ZrO2–C materials. With the amount of TiO2 addition increasing, the cold strength of ZrO2–C materials increases while the high-temperature strength slightly decreases. Combining with the erosion resistance, the optimum amount of TiO2 in ZrO2–C materials is determined to be 4 wt%, in which the cold compressive strength (46.13 MPa), the cold modulus of rupture (35.12 MPa) and the residual strength after thermal shock (15.01 MPa) reach the maximum. Based on this, the promotion mechanism of erosion resistance is further discussed with aid of molecular dynamics simulation.

Investigation of the effects of titanium oxide concentration on the sinterability, microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, in vitro bioactivity, and cell culture behavior of chicken-derived hydroxyapatite

This study focuses on how titanium oxide (TiO2) in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4% by weight added the hydroxyapatite (CHA) made from chicken femur bones’, affects sinterability, microstructural, mechanical, and in vitro bioactivity properties. According to the results of the experiments, it was determined that CHA decomposed into whitlockite, alpha tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), and calcium oxide (CaO) phases at different temperatures. Rutile and perovskite (CaTiO3) phases were also found in TiO2 added CHAs in addition to these phases. With increasing sintering temperature of CHA, the diameters and the heights of the samples decreased. Density increased up to 1250 °C and decreased at 1300 °C respectively. while the partial density value showed similar behavior with density and hardness, At 1200 °C, the maximum values of fracture toughness (1.071 MPam1/2) and compressive strength (145.417 MPa) were attained; however, as sintering temperatures increased, these values shifted downward to 0.882 MPam1/2 and 111.096 MPa, respectively. It has been determined that grain growth and decomposition are the underlying factors in obtaining the highest density, hardness, fracture toughness and compressive strength values for CHA at different temperatures. Among the TiO2 added CHAs, the best properties are obtained for CHA-0.5TiO2 sintered at 1300 °C (Density: 3.0057 g/cm3, Hardness: 3.973 GPa, Fracture toughness: 1.583 MPam1/2 and Compressive strength: 170.045 MPa) and the properties of the CHA-TiO2 composite decreased with increasing TiO2 ratio. This is due to the fact that increasing TiO2 has a detrimental impact on CHA’s sinterability behavior and causes it to become more porous and degrade more quickly. It was discovered through in vitro bioactivity and cell culture assays that the addition of TiO2 had a detrimental impact on the proliferation of bone tissues.

The Photocatalytic Activity of the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2 Glass Coating

Due to the low melting temperature, the glazes based on the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO system are used as coatings on the surface of industrial glass substrates. Moreover, the composition of these coatings does not contain PbO, meeting the optical and environmental properties requirements. In this study, TiO2 was used in the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO glaze system to improve its photocatalytic ability. This can be considered a four – component glass system Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2. The heating microscopy results show that the melting temperature of the glaze system is 606 °C. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that the TiO2 polyhedra are located independently in the structure without participating in forming a glass network. Thanks to that, the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 are maintained. The X-ray diffraction patterns results show that the formed TiO2 nanocrystals are rutile and anatase crystals. The results of determining the band gap energy using UV-Vis show that the band gap energy of the base glaze system increases with the addition of TiO2. The methylene blue decomposition results also showed that the ability to decompose organic increased when TiO2 was added to the glaze coating. The characteristics such as melting temperature, microstructure, and photocatalytic capacity of Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2 white glazes (5 and 10 % weight of TiO2) also were indicated in this paper.

The role of inorganic nanoparticles in photo-oxidation ageing resistance of the thermochromic asphalt binder

The aim of this research is to reveal the role of inorganic nanoparticles concerning silicon dioxide (SiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in retarding the photodegradation of thermochromic microcapsules for extending the serviceability of thermochromic cool pavement material. Thermochromic asphalt binders (TABs) with and without inorganic nanoparticles were prepared. The varying trends of physical, rheological, chemical and morphological properties with the extended ultraviolet irradiation (UV) ageing duration were compared among asphalt binders. The effects of inorganic nanoparticles on the long-term cooling effects of TABs were evaluated. The results indicate that differing from regular asphalt binder, TABs present an inversely-age hardening phenomenon due to the photodegradation of thermochromic microcapsules. ZnO shows the best efficiency in retarding the photodegradation of thermochromic microcapsules, followed by TiO2 and SiO2. The addition of ZnO or TiO2 can effectively mitigate the impacts of long-term UV ageing on the cooling effects shown by TAB.

A novel self-cleaning ceramic waste-slag geopolymer with nano-SiO2-TiO2 photocatalytic coating

In this investigation, a geopolymer based on ceramic waste (CW) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) was synthesized. To confer the geopolymer with self-cleaning functionality, a nano-SiO2-TiO2 coating with hydrophobic and photocatalytic properties was applied onto the surface of CW-GBFS-based geopolymer. The effect of both the CW content and the alkali activator modulus (molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O) on the compressive strength of the geopolymer was evaluated. The highest compressive strength of 45.6 MPa was attained at 7 days with a composition containing 40 wt% of CW and an alkali activator modulus of 1.4. Furthermore, the geopolymer with the most desirable compressive strength was selected for the preparation of SiO2–TiO2/CW-GBFS-based geopolymer (ST/CGG). The effect of nano-SiO2-TiO2 dosage on the self-cleaning performance of ST/CGG was explored. The self-cleaning surface of the ST/CGG had a maximum water contact angle of 118° when the addition of SiO2 and TiO2 was 5.8 wt%. Moreover, the surface of the ST/CGG underwent testing for methyl orange degradation, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectral analysis, oleic acid decomposition, and bauxite residue removal, validating its superior photocatalytic self-cleaning efficacy. Overall, this work not only highlights the potential of ceramic waste utilization for geopolymers, but also provides a feasible strategy for developing functional geopolymers with self-cleaning ability.

Facile Synthesis of Fiber‐Reinforced Catalyst for High Performance Ethanol and 2‐Propanol Oxidation

In this study, Pd@TiO2 nanostructure is formed by using TiO2 fibers obtained by the electrospinning method and chemical reduction method, and this nanostructure is used in C2, and C3 alcohol oxidation studies as an application. In addition, TiO2 is compared with the Pd catalyst to investigate the effect of TiO2. In the results obtained, peak current values of 193 and 66.7 mA cm−2 for ethanol oxidation and 127.38 and 36.18 mA cm−2 for 2‐propanol oxidation are observed for Pd@TiO2 and Pd catalysts, respectively. With the addition of TiO2 to the structure, the electrocatalytic activity of C2 and C3 alcohol oxidations increases 3–3.5 times and contributes to the onset potential at an earlier potential. It also shows higher durability and stability in long‐term tests. Moreover, the addition of TiO2 to the structure enhances the electrocatalytic activity and provides high current density and long‐term stability in alcohol oxidation. These results show that fibrous structures in combination with metals improve the effect of catalysts and exhibit high potential for their application in alcohol fuel cells.

Characteristics of Bio-ceramic Coating on Corrosion Rate of Stainless Steel 316L and Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V)

Thermal spray coating improves SS 316L corrosion resistance using biomaterials like hydroxyapatite (HA), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), promoting bone binding and biological fixation. The study examined the impact of bio-ceramic coatings like HA, HA+TiO2, and HA+ZrO2 on the corrosion rate of stainless steel and titanium in Hank's Balance Salt Solution and artificial saliva media. Electrochemical testing with polarization was carried out to determine the performance of biomaterials against corrosion rates. The addition of TiO2 and ZrO2 to HA in both SS316L and Ti6Al4V materials reduced the corrosion rate more than HA. This study revealed that coating with HA, HA + ZrO2, and HA + TiO2 biomaterials results in varying thicknesses and roughness under the same spraying parameters. Bioceramic coatings on implants offer an alternative coating to improve the performance of biomaterials.

Effect of Chitosan-TiO2 Membrane Performance for the Degradation of Batik Waste with a Photocatalytic Hybrid System

The treatment of industrial wastewater has gained significant attention in recent years due to its detrimental impact on the environment and public health. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of a photocatalytic hybrid system using a Chitosan-TiO2 membrane for the degradation of batik waste. The performance of the membrane was investigated through a series of experiments, evaluating its ability to remove organic pollutants and enhance the overall treatment efficiency. The morphology, as seen through SEM images, shows a rough surface that enhances photocatalytic efficiency by providing a larger surface area for reactions. The uniform distribution of TiO2 particles within the chitosan matrix is crucial for stable and efficient pollutant degradation during photocatalysis. Furthermore, Chitosan-TiO2 membranes offer a promising solution for batik wastewater treatment. They combine the benefits of chitosan's permeability and organic substance capture with TiO2's photocatalytic capabilities. This integration allows for efficient, one-step hybrid photocatalytic filtration, reducing the use of harmful chemicals and producing environmentally friendlier byproducts. Finally, AAS analysis demonstrated that the addition of TiO2 improved heavy metal degradation in batik waste, with optimal performance observed up to a 89.78% rejection rate, beyond which TiO2 agglomeration occurred.

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by magnetized TiO2-silica nanoparticles from rice husk

In this current study, magnetized TiO2-supported SiO2 nanoparticles, synthesized from rice husk, was applied as a photocatalyst to degrade methylene blue dye (MBD) in aqueous solution using LED lamp as light source. The effects of MBD initial concentration, TiO2 loading, pH and illumination time on the degradation efficiency of the photocatalyst on MBD was investigated using Box–Behnken design as the experimental design tool. Photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. At optimum predicted point where MBD initial concentration, TiO2 loading, pH and illumination time were 10 ppm, 15%, 6 and 75 min, respectively, the predicted and experimental percentage of MBD removed were 97.66% and 96.89%, respectively. Correlation coefficient and ANOVA justified high significance of the developed model for prediction. Experimental data fitted excellently into pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The temperature effect revealed optimum MBD photocatalytic degradation at 50 °C by TiO2/mRH-SNP. Characterization revealed the effects of magnetization and TiO2 addition on the synthesized SiO2 nanoparticles from rice husk. In conclusion, magnetized TiO2-silica nanoparticles from rice husk could be effectively used to degrade MBD in solution.

TiO2 modified para-aramid nanofiber composite separator for thermal runaway prevention and shuttle effect mitigation of lithium-sulfur batteries

The polyolefin separators commonly used in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are not able to withstand high temperatures and easily lead to thermal runaway and cause safety problems. In addition, the pore size of the polyolefin separator is too large to inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfide. Herein, TiO2 modified para-aramid nanofiber (TiO2/ANFs) composite separator for thermal runaway prevention and shuttle effect mitigation of lithium-sulfur batteries was designed and obtained. The TiO2/ANFs composite separators remained intact at 200 °C and showed excellent self-quenching characteristic. In addition, the TiO2/ANFs composite separators could inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites to a certain extent. Therefore, the TiO2/ANFs composite separators could prevent thermal runaway and had excellent safety. And TiO2 could anchor the polysulfide, which could inhibit the shuttle effect. In addition, ionic conductivity had been greatly improved due to the addition of TiO2, which was conducive to high-flux lithium-ion transfer. In particular, 2-TiO2/ANFs composite separators had an average discharge specific capacity of 889.7mAhg−1 at 0.2C. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the effective chemisorption mechanism of active sulfur and TiO2 was deeply carried out. The result showed that TiO2 could ensure the effective chemisorption of active sulfur, resulting in the long-term cycling stability.

Enhancing mechanical, physical, radiation attenuation properties in alumino-barium-titanium-calcium-lithium glasses for nuclear applications: The pivotal role of TiO2additives

This study focused on enhancing key material properties of Alumino-Barium-Titanium-Calcium-Lithium glasses for nuclear applications, specifically by integrating increasing amounts of TiO2 additives. Utilizing the MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code, version 2.7.0, the research aimed to ascertain Transmission Factor (TF) values across a spectrum of well-known radioisotope energies. This analysis was conducted for glass samples with varying thicknesses, ranging from 0.5 cm to 3 cm. The study also delved into the gamma-ray shielding characteristics of these glasses at energy levels between 0.015 and 15 MeV, uncovering notable findings. In exploring the T1 to T12 glass system, various physical and optical methods were employed to measure key parameters like glass density (ρglass), molar volume (Vm), oxygen molar volume (OMV), and oxygen packing density (OPD). A significant outcome of this research was the observation that with an increase in TiO2 content, there was a corresponding rise in glass density, from 3.727 g/cm3 to 3.825 g/cm3. Furthermore, the study noted alterations in the physical and mechanical properties of the glasses. Most notably, the T12 glass sample, which contained the highest concentration of TiO2, exhibited superior gamma-ray shielding properties compared to the other glass compositions analysed.