Addition Of SiO2 Research Articles

Effect of Si/Al additives on Cl fate during MSWI fly ash thermal treating process

SiO2 and Al2O3 (Si/Al) are proper additives for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash melting. However, Si/Al additives impact the emission of chlorine (Cl), which is harmful to the ecology and environment. In this study, co-thermal treating experiments of fly ash and SiO2 or Al2O3 were carried out to determine chlorine migration and transformation. Results show that the release of HCl is significantly promoted by the addition of SiO2 or Al2O3. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation shows that the reaction rate between additives (SiO2 or Al2O3) and CaCl2 is the main factor limiting the release of HCl. Besides, SiO2 has an obvious effect on reducing Cl percentage in residues, as the addition of 30% SiO2 raises the Cl removal rate to 99.72% at 1250 °C. Main component in the residuals is Ca-silicate after addition of SiO2. Compared to SiO2, the addition of Al2O3 is more likely to retain Cl in the residues. Al2O3 reacts with fly ash to generate Cl-containing minerals, such as Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 and Ca12Al10.6Si3.4O32Cl5.4, leading to a lower removal rate of Cl. Moreover, Cl combined with Na and K is transformed to secondary fly ash by volatilization and condensation. Our findings may assist in pollutant discharge control in developing a new melting furnace.

Preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate)-silica nanocomposites via DMP-assisted RAFT polymerization and NR/PMMA-RAFT-SiO2 hybrid membrane for pervaporation

Poly(methyl methacrylate)-silica (PMMA-RAFT-SiO2) nanocomposite emulsion was successfully synthesized via a combination of differential microemulsion polymerization (DMP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The PMMA-RAFT-SiO2 emulsion with a low SiO2 loading (10 wt%) exhibited nano-sized particles (49 nm) with a core–shell structure and a high monomer conversion (88%). Natural rubber (NR) latex filled with PMMA-RAFT-SiO2 nanocomposites was cast to form hybrid membranes for pervaporation. The addition of SiO2 enhanced the physical properties of the composite membranes. The NR/PMMA-RAFT-SiO2 hybrid membrane with 4.0 wt% SiO2 content showed good mechanical properties. The hybrid membranes had hydrophilic properties and gave a high separation performance in the pervaporation of an ethanol solution (flux = 1,873–2,245 g/m2hr and pure water in permeate = 98–99%). Thus, the PMMA-RAFT-SiO2 nanocomposites had a great potential to be used as an effective filler in hybrid membranes for separation technology.

Cytotoxicity and bactericidal activity of alginate/polyethylene glycol films with zinc oxide or silicon oxide nanoparticles for food packaging

In the food industry, packaging is used to protect food. However, traditional packaging has serious environmental impacts. Thus, studies have investigated packaging composed of biodegradable polymers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to obtain and characterize polymeric films of sodium alginate and polyethylene glycol crosslinked with tetraethoxysilane and doped with nano-zinc oxide or nano-silicon oxide and evaluate their cytotoxicity and bactericidal activity against coliforms and Escherichia coli. The nanoparticles and crosslinked materials were characterized using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the films was evaluated using a direct contact assay with a bovine fibroblast cell model. The bactericidal activity of the films was assessed by determining whether the contamination indicators were activated. The average sizes of the ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles were 408.3 and 125.3 nm, respectively, and their zeta potentials were −31.6 and −31.1 mV, respectively. Cell growth inhibition zone tests indicated that 75 ALG/25 PEG/SiO2 was slightly toxic, while 25 ALG/75 PEG/ZnO exhibited mild toxicity. Cell area analysis showed that the addition of SiO2 decreased the cytotoxicity of the obtained films. Finally, it was possible to observe the inactivation of both contamination bioindicators. Therefore, films containing nanoparticles could be promising biomaterials for packaging in the food industry.

Pervaporation separation of N, N-dimethylformamide/water using poly (vinyl alcohol) based mixed matrix membranes

Pervaporation is a separation technique relying on the concentration gradient, often expressed as partial vapor pressures, across polymeric or polymer-composite membranes. Those membranes inevitably exhibit a strong trade-off bottleneck between permeability and selectivity of target compounds, making the search for alternative materials with advanced performance characteristics highly desirable. This work aims to incorporate the advance of polymer and inorganic fillers to synthesize mixed matrix membranes. Effect of inorganic filler on properties and separation performance of Poly (vinyl alcohol) based mixed matrix membranes was investigated extensively in terms of several means of characterization methods. The results showed that the addition of inorganic fillers, NaA, SBA-15, SiO2 and SiO2-NH2 not only enhanced the separation factor but also increased the flux of water and DMF resulting in advance in total flux. This study may provide a guide to separate DMF-water solutions and will contribute to expand the high-value utilization of mixed matrix membranes in pervaporation.

Research on Energy and Economics of Self-Made Catalyst-Coated Membrane for Fuel Cell under Different Oxidants.

In the context of global warming, clean energy represented by fuel cells has ushered in a window period of rapid development; however, most research mainly focuses on the improvement of catalysts and performance, and there is very little research on the performance differences and energy consumption between different oxidants. In this paper, the performance differences of fuel cells with different oxidants (air and oxygen) are studied using a self-made CCM, and the economic aspect is calculated from the perspective of power improvement and energy consumption. Firstly, the CCM and GDL are prepared, and the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of GDL are realized by the addition of PTFE and SiO2, respectively. Secondly, through the experiment, it is found that the fuel cell can achieve the best comprehensive performance at 60 °C, and the use of oxygen can achieve the highest power increase, 117.1%, compared with air. Finally, from the perspective of economics, after excluding the power consumed for preparing oxygen, the use of oxygen as an oxidant still achieved a net power increase of 29.512%. The research in this paper clearly shows that using oxygen instead of air can greatly improve performance and is good economically, which makes it a useful exploration for the research of fuel cells.

The Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on the Texture and Properties of In Situ Synthesized PI/SiO2 Nanocomposite Film

PI/SiO2 composite films have been prepared by using in situ polymerization. The influences of the dosage of silane coupling agent (KH-560) on the structure and performance of PI/SiO2 composite film have been investigated. The results show that in the components without KH-560, the addition of SiO2 decreases the transmittance of the sample. Compared to the same SiO2 doping amount, the transmittance in the visible light range of the sample using KH-560 is higher than that of the sample without KH-560. After adding KH-560, the tensile strength, the elastic modulus the elongation at break of the sample have largely changed. The thermal stability and the ability to resist ultraviolet radiation of the composite film first increases and then decreases. Furthermore, the optimal dosage of KH-560 is 3%. Moreover, the addition of KH-560 has little effect on the transmittance of the PI/SiO2 composite films before and after UV irradiation.

Mechanochemical remediation of fluoranthene contaminated soil and biotoxicity evaluation

ABSTRACT A mechanochemical (MC) method was employed for the remediation of soil contaminated with fluoranthene (C16H10, FL) a four-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) containing three benzene rings and a central five-membered heterocyclic ring, with the effects of soil inorganic components, milling conditions, and the degradation mechanism investigated. Results showed that the addition of SiO2 and kaolin to soil resulted in a greater increase in the effectiveness of FL removal than other inorganic additives. After 3 hours of milling at 500 rpm, the FL removal rate from SiO2 containing soil, reached 99.26%, with the removal efficiency increasing in accordance with an increase in milling duration and speed. The milled samples were characterized by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis, revealing the mechanism of FL degradation, including destruction of the aromatic skeleton structure and the formation of amorphous carbon and graphite. The MC remediation method was applied to FL contaminated soil, showing that FL was efficiently degraded in soil without any soil additives, resulting in a significant reduction in the biotoxicity of the remediated soil. The organic matter, moisture content and pH of the actual soil changed slightly after mechanical ball milling. Thus, the MC method has high potential in the remediation of PAH-contaminated soils. HIGHLIGHTS A mechanochemical (MC) method for the degradation of fluoranthene was assessed. The use of silica and kaolin as soil additives enhances fluoranthene remediation. Fluoranthene can be efficiently removed from contaminated soil by milling alone. The degradation mechanism was skeleton structure destruction and carbonization. The biotoxicity of soil was significantly reduced by milling.

Preparation of high-performance PVDF mixed matrix membranes incorporated with PVDF-g-PMMA copolymer and GO@SiO2 nanoparticles for dye rejection applications

In the textile industry, a high-efficiency dye removal is demanded to recycle wastewater. In this study, we decide to report the fabrication of high-performance mixed matrix nanofiltration PVDF membranes (MMMs) through the incorporation of different loading amounts of PVDF-g-PMMA copolymer and GO and GO@SiO2 (GS) nanoparticles separately and in coupled with each other. This copolymer was synthesized by grafting methyl methacrylate monomers onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) via the atom transfer radical polymerization method (ATRP), and graphene oxide@SiO2 was synthesized by using the modified hummer method, followed by the addition of SiO2 to the as-prepared GO nanosheets. The PVDF/PVDF-g-PMMA/Graphene Oxide@SiO2 membrane with optimum properties not only resulted in a high dye rejection of above 99% for Crystal Violet (CV) and Direct yellow (DY) dyes, but also led to a remarkable enhancement in water Flux from 1.96 L/m2·h·bar, for the neat PVDF, to 2.5 L/m2·h·bar, for the optimum PVDF/PVDF-g-PMMA/Graphene Oxide@SiO2 membrane, owing to the addition of the hydrophilic PVDF-g-PMMA copolymer and Graphene Oxide@SiO2 nanoparticles to the PVDF membrane matrix. Furthermore, the durability and antifouling abilities of the optimum membrane were also investigated, by which a significant performance was obtained.

Study on structural and functional properties of porous SiO2 core‐shell construction/polyethylene nanocomposites with enhanced interfacial interaction

AbstractThe addition of inorganic particles can endow polymer matrices with different new features, thereby realizing an optimization to the structural and functional properties of composite. The overall properties of composites are greatly influenced by both fillers dispersion and fillers‐polymer interfacial interaction. However, to simultaneously improve these mentioned two issues is still a critical challenge in the field of polymer‐based nanocomposite. Herein, a typical core‐shell structured mesoporous silica‐coated silica (SiO2@mSiO2) construction was successfully synthesized by using a bi‐phase method. The SiO2@mSiO2 filled polyethylene (PE) nanocomposite was fabricated through a precisely controlled melt‐mixing approach. Benefiting from the additional mesoporous SiO2 shell, both the dispersion of SiO2@mSiO2 and the SiO2@mSiO2‐PE matrix interfacial interaction are improved. Moreover, the stress–strain behavior, temperature‐dependent mechanical property, thermal stability, and electrical insulating property of SiO2@mSiO2/PE composite were studied in detail. It is found that SiO2@mSiO2 core‐shell nanoparticles are capable of not only making a balance between the strength and toughness of the PE‐based composite, but also improving the thermal stability of the composite. In addition, the SiO2@mSiO2/PE composite exhibited an enhanced breakdown strength (256.4 MV·m−1) when filled with as small as 1 wt% SiO2@mSiO2, which is 108% higher than neat PE. All these optimized features are attributed to the well‐designed core‐shell structure. These experimental results provide a promising way to design and fabricate future advanced composite with excellent structural and functional properties in the future.

Effect of the Lubrication on the Friction Characteristics of EN AW-2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy Sheets

The article presents the results of friction tests conducted on EN AW-2024 Alclad aluminium alloy sheets. The lubrication efficiency of oleic acid, mineral and vegetable oils with the addition of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles was determined using the strip drawing test to assess the friction conditions in the flange area in the deep drawing process. The samples in the form of sheet metal strips were pulled between countersamples with a rounded surface at a speed of 2.5 mm/s. Gear oil and oleic acid demonstrated the lowest value of the coefficient of friction (COF) in the whole range of nominal pressures investigated. The lowest efficiency in reducing the COF was shown by hydraulic oil, olive oil and machine oil. A high content of TiO2 nanoparticles (0.5-0.9%wt%) is beneficial in the friction process involving oleic acid.

Simple controllable foam structure NiCo2S4 for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

In this work, to reduce the “dead volume” due to the accumulation of synthesized products, the foam-structured NiCo2S4 (FSNCS) with a specific surface area of 25.4 m2g −1 was successfully synthesized by using well-dispersed SiO2 nanospheres as the framework. The FSNCS exhibited 559.3 C g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1, which was 173.3 C g −1 higher than the performance of the NCS synthesized without the addition of SiO2. Additionally, a hybrid supercapacitor is successfully assembled with FSNCS as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The FSNCS//AC displays maximum specific energy of 28.8 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 375.0 W kg−1, together with good cyclic life with 88.9% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at 8 A g −1. It is worth noting that the hybrid supercapacitor can provide strong power for the operation of the motor fan. The simple structure design provides an innovative and effective way to develop high-performance energy storage devices.

Macrostructural design of highly porous SiOC ceramic foams by preceramic polymer viscosity tailoring

Highly porous SiOC ceramic foams with gradient or uniform macrostructures were obtained through polymer derived ceramic routes. Precuring of preceramic polymers and introduction of SiO 2 powders were used to tailor precursor viscosity and hence SiOC foam macrostructure. Effects of polymer viscosity on porosity, pore size, pore distribution were investigated by light microscopy and micro-computed tomography techniques. SiOC ceramic foams. Foams from one unmodified precursor, showed pore size gradient with small pores located at bottom and large pores at the top. To address this non-uniformity, the viscosity of the precursor was increased by pre-curing the preceramic polymer, which resulted in decrease of the average pore size and improvement in pore size uniformity. For a different system with a self-foaming preceramic polymer, because of the simultaneous release of foaming gases and rapid increase in viscosity during crosslinking, the foam had non-uniform macrostructure with large pores and thick struts at the bottom. By addition of SiO 2 fillers, the crosslinking reaction rate was reduced leading to homogeneous pore nucleation and uniform small pore size foams.

Conductivity, microstructure and mechanical properties of tape-cast LATP with LiF and SiO2 additives

LATP sheets with LiF and SiO2 addition prepared by tape cast as electrolytes for solid-state batteries were characterized regarding conductivity, microstructure and mechanical properties aiming toward an optimized composition. The use of additives permitted a reduction of the sintering temperature. Rietveld analyses of the samples with additives revealed a phase mixture of NaSICON modifications crystallizing with rhombohedral and orthorhombic symmetry as a superstructure with space group Pbca. It seems that LiF acts as a sintering additive but also as a mineralizer for the superstructure of LATP. As general trend, higher LiF to SiO2 ratios led to lower porosities and higher values of elastic modulus and hardness determined by indentation testing, but the presence of the orthorhombic LATP leads to a decrease in the ionic conductivity. Micro-pillar testing was used to assess the crack growth behavior revealing weak grain boundaries.

Immobilization of fluorides from spent carbon cathode in a copper smelting slag

The fluorides from spent carbon cathodes could be effectively solidified in a molten copper smelting slag (FeO-Fe3O4-SiO2- CaO-Al2O3) in forms of CaF2 and Ca4Si2F2O7. The results of thermodynamic analysis, chemical analysis, and XRD and EPMA analyses showed that the F solidification efficiency increased with the CaO amount and decreased with the addition of Al2O3 and SiO2. In addition, it was noteworthy that the F solidification efficiency decreased with an excessive CaO amount, which could be ascribed to the consumption of SiO2 through forming CaSiO3 and Ca3Si2O7. It restricted the solidification of the fluoride into Ca4Si2F2O7. Under the conditions of melting temperature of 1300?C, residence time of 60 min, and N2 flow rate of 40 ml/min, the optimum CaO and NaF amounts were found to be 20 wt.% and 6 wt.%, respectively, in which the F solidification efficiency in the copper smelting slag of FeO-Fe3O4-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 obtained 98.35%.

Influence of Epoxy/Nanosilica on Mechanical Performance of Hemp/Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite with an Ultrasonic Frequency

Ultrasonic vibration was employed in blending the nanosilica into epoxy resin to manufacture hemp/kevlar/nanosilica-based epoxy composites, with an ultrasonic occurrence of 20 kHz and a 900 W capacity of power. An ultrasonic probe was utilized to ensure the consistent dispersion of the nanoparticles in the epoxy. The mechanical characteristics of hemp/kevlar fiber reinforced with epoxy/nanosilica in a mat form have been studied. Hand layup procedures were used to create these composites, including varying weight % of nanosilica and variable fiber stacking sequencing. The different weight % are 3, 6, and 9, and the stacking sequences are B, C, and D. The effectiveness of ultrasonic irradiation on mechanical characteristics was investigated and related. The inclusion of 6 wt.% of SiO2 to the B type resulted in a 25% rise in tension and a 37% in bending. The addition of 6 wt.% silica to the C-type hybridization nanocomposite results in a 34% rise in tension and a 38% rise in bending. Extreme tension behavior is attained at 6 wt.% SiO2 with epoxy with the B type piling order, and extreme bending behavior is obtained at 6 wt.% SiO2 with the C type piling order. A B-type model composite with a 6-wt.% SiO2 addition performed better in hygroscopic than A, C, and D type model composites. An SEM is utilized to observe the microstructure of shattered materials.

Experimental investigation of GO-HPAM and SiO2-HPAM composite for cEOR: Rheology, interfacial tension reduction, and wettability alteration

The interest in designing and developing polymeric nanoparticles has grown in recent years. The inclusion of nanoparticles in polymer solutions enhances several properties, such as stability, rheological and shear characteristics, polymer adsorption, wettability alteration, and so on, leading to increased oil recovery. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and Aerosil 300 Silica oxide (SiO2) are the superior nanoparticles because of their robust thermal and mechanical properties. However, a systematic study of the use of GO and SiO2 in hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) has not been reported. The present research seeks to improve the stability of nanoparticles, the rheological characteristics of polymeric nanofluids, and to understand the functional interaction of nanoparticles in reducing interfacial tension and altering wettability. The nano polymer composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The samples were treated with NaCl (30,000 mg/L) and CaCl2 (1000 mg/L) brine solutions at 25 °C and 80 °C. The findings indicated that the addition of GO and SiO2 into HPAM significantly improves rheological properties, reduced IFT, and decreased contact angle. GO performs better than SiO2 in terms of better rheological properties and the reduction of IFT. However, the use of SiO2 in HPAM resulted in a lower contact angle in comparison to GO-HPAM nano-polymeric solution. The synergetic effect of GO and SiO2 with HPAM showed promising results under harsh reservoir conditions and hence can be considered as a good candidate for the application of chemical enhanced oil recovery.

Study on the effect of ZrO2 and SiO2 additions type on the properties of high alumina crucibles for melting heat-resistant alloys and steels

The technology of vibrocasting high-quality refractories from granular masses of different chemical composition, size, configuration and weight of products, in particular crucibles for induction melting of heat-resistant alloys was developed and introduced by JSC “URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy”. According to the developed technology, mullite-alumina zircon-containing crucibles contain ZrO2 ~ 8 %, zirconia-containing crucibles — ~ 17 %, alumina zircon-containing crucibles — ~ 8 %, ~ 8—10 % and ~ 25 %, have open porosity < 20 %, cold crushing strength depending on the used raw materials and firing temperature within ~ 50—230 N/mm2, thermal shock resistance> 20 thermal cycles (1300 °C — water).
 The article studies the effect of ZrO2 and SiO2 additives type introduced with zircon or zirconia in combination with a silica-containing additive on the main properties of vibrocasting samples after firing at 1580 °C.
 As a result of the studies the high alumina samples with 10 % ZrO2, introduced by zircon or zirconia powder, were produced, which are characterized by apparent density of 3.12 and 3.08 g/cm3, open porosity of 14.4 and 15.5 %, cold crushing strength 145 and 210 N/mm2, thermal shock resistance > 20 thermal cycles and 6 thermal cycles (1300 °C — water) respectively. That is, with practically the same chemical composition, samples with zircon have better indicators of apparent density and especially thermal shock resistance than samples with zirconia in combination with silica. The high thermal shock resistance of samples with zircon can be explained by a nature of the pores which long irregular in configuration and connected to each and, as well as microfractured structure due to the decomposition of zircon and the formation of microcrystalline monoclinic zirconia while in the structure of the samples, which included zirconia powder and silica and a mixture of joint grinding of alumina and a silica-containing additive, the pores are predominantly round isolated. Considering also that zircon is a domestic material and is cheaper than imported ZrO2, it is more expedient to use zircon for crucibles.

Synthesis and characterization of hydrophobic properties of silicon dioxide in palm oil based bio-coating

This research aims to synthesize a biobased polyurethane coating from epoxidized palm oil (EPO) and determine the effect of different silicon dioxide (SiO2) loadings on the hydrophobicity performance of the coating. In this work, EPO was firstly undergoing an acrylation reaction and followed by the addition of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to form Polyurethane (PU). Improvement was made by adding SiO2 at different loadings into the palm oil-based PU to provide hydrophobic properties to the coating materials. The sample was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), water sliding angle test, and water absorption test. Based on the FTIR results, PU was successfully synthesized from EPO with SiO2 addition. The results also proved that the addition of SiO2 successfully improved the hydrophobicity of the coating. The higher the SiO2 content in palm oil PU, the shorter the time taken for the water to slide down the 25° angle coated glass and lower the water absorption percentage of the coating material. Based on the analysis, 3 phr SiO2 content showed the highest hydrophobicity performance, which could be applied in further research.

Impedance spectroscopy and magnetic studies on Co2Z ferrite sintered with SiO2 and Bi2O3 additives

Z-type (Ba3Co2Fe24O41) ferrites with Bi2O3 and SiO2 additives were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The electrical transport properties were systematically investigated and analyzed by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz at different temperatures. The peak broadening in real and imaginary part of impedance spectra demonstrates the existence of multiple relaxations. Two distinct slopes of relaxation time observed represent the deviation from non-Debye type relaxation. Partially overlapped scaling behavior illustrated that the dynamic process of charge carriers was temperature dependent. The additives got segregated along the grain boundaries and exhibit their own resistance, which is verified by fitting of the Nyquist plots. This relaxation process was explained on the basis of Maxwell-Wagner effect with three heterogeneous dielectric media (grain, grain boundary and additive layer). The translatory motion of dynamic charge carriers and lattice ions is governed by small and large polaron hopping in the material. The saturation magnetization of Co2Z-Si is higher compared to Co2Z-P and Co2Z-Bi samples, due to formation of minor M-type phase.

Effects of seawater corrosion environment on the impact behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube and SiO2 reinforced basalt/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites

In this study, the impact behaviors of nano silica (SiO2 nanoparticles), MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotube), and SiO2+MWCNTs (nano silica vs multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrid) nanoparticle additives in basalt fiber reinforced composites exposed to seawater corrosion were investigated. The Mediterranean was chosen as the corrosive sea water due to its high salinity. Basalt fiber reinforced composites immersed in seawater have quick mass absorption during the first 30 days. However, it can also vary between the first 28 and 40 days depending on the structure of the composite and environmental conditions. Immersion times were determined as 0, 10, 20, and 40 days. Tensile and low velocity impact tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical performance after seawater corrosion. Low velocity impact tests were carried out at 10 and 20 J energy levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of corrosion caused by quick mass absorption on the tensile and impact behaviors of basalt fiber reinforced composites. And also to investigate the contribution of SiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticle additives to the mass absorption mechanism and mechanical performance of basalt fiber reinforced composites. SiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticle additives increased the tensile and impact strength of basalt fiber reinforced composites. However, the tensile and impact behaviors of nanoparticle filled and nanoparticles unfilled basalt fiber reinforced composites were adversely affected by the seawater corrosion environment. Due to the geometric structure of SiO2 nanoparticles, the best mechanical performance was observed in SiO2 filled basalt fiber reinforced composites.