Addition Of Molasses Research Articles

PRODUCTIVITY OF ROTIFER Brachionus plicatilis CULTURED UNDER BATCH SYSTEM BY USING SUGAR BEET MOLASSES AS A SUBSTITUTE MEDIUM

This study deals with the determination of availability of sugar beet molasses as a nutritional enrichment factor for rotifer cultures. A series of experiments under varying conditions such as ratio of sugar beet molasses in the nutrient complex were carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of sugar beet molasses as a carbohydrate and mineral source for the purpose of aquacultural operations. The culture water of Brachionus plicatilis with the salinity of 38% was treated through mechanical filtration and UV sterilization. 1 T cylindro-conical tanks are utilized for rotifer culture. Parameters of culture water were stabilized at values as following; Oxygen concentration:5 to 10 ppm, temperature: 27 0 C and pH:6.8 to 7.4. Rotifers were counted by using Sedgewick Rafter Cell on a daily basis in order to determine increase of number of individuals. The study was conducted as 3 different trial groups, each consisting three separate tanks, so triplicate determinations were obtained. For the Group I, 10% molasses by weight of Culture Selco Plus (200 gr Selco Plus+20 gr molasses per tank) was added 6 times a day with 4 hours’ intervals. For the Group II, 20% molasses by weight of Culture Selco Plus (200gr Selco Plus+40gr molasses per tank) was added and lastly for the control group, Group III, no molasses has been added and 200 gr Culture Selco Plus was only added per tank. The addition of molasses to nutritive complex has a decreasing effect on the number of rotifer and increasing effect on the number of ciliate. From the study, it is clear that sugar beet molasses should not be used as an additional nutritional factor for rotifer cultures due to its decreasing effect on the number rotifers and stimulating effect on the ciliate booming. Addition of 10% and 20% molasses resulted in 31.4% and 23.3% decrease in number of rotifers at the time of T3, respectively. On the other hand, it was observed that addition of molasses in the nutritive complex has not affected on the percentage of rotifers bearing eggs.

Pengaruh Penambahan Molase pada produksi Bioethanol dari Limbah Padat Industri Pati Aren

Penelitian ini telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan molase terhadap produksi bioetanol dari limbah padat industri pati aren. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi persiapan bahan baku, delignifikasi limbah padat pati aren, analisis kadar lignin, produksi enzim, fermentasi anaerob dan analisa kadar etanol. Delignifikasi limbah padat pati aren menggunakan larutan NaOH 3%. Produksi enzim dihasilkan dari jamur A. Niger dan Trichoderma sp. Fermentasi menggunakan 5 gram sampel hasil delignifikasi ditambahkan larutan nutrisi, gabungan enzim selulase dari A. niger dan Trichoderma sp. dengan perbandingan (1:2), larutan molase 35 % dan Saccharomyces cereviseae dari ragi roti. Analisis kadar etanol dilakukan setiap hari hingga hari ke-6. Delignifikasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 3% dapat menurunkan kadar lignin pada sampel 17,15%. Penambahan molase mengandung gula 35% sebagai sumber gula pada limbah padat pati aren akan meningkatkan kadar bioethanol dari 0,0904 % menjadi 3, 5407 %, sedangkan. molase dengan kadar gula 40 % menghasilkan kadar bioethanol lebih rendah. Semakin tinggi kadar gula akan diperoleh kadar bioethanol semakin tinggi, tetapi apabila kadar gula terlalu pekat mengakibatkan proses fermentasi lambat pada produksi bioethanol.

Effects of nutrient composition on the formation of biofilm and biocorrosion in MEOR biostimulation medium based on response surface methodology

Nutrition addition in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) application is one of the methods used to increase oil production. Nutrition injection in MEOR application must be done carefully because the lack of proper nutrition addition can induce biofilm and biocorrosion formation. The composition of biostimulation medium for optimizing beneficial indigenous bacterial growth in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) was evaluated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). Three main factors for the medium composition were molasses, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), and NPK. The RSM was used to know the most effective medium composition towards biofilm production and strength that high potential leads to biocorrosion. Molasses, NPK, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) are utilized as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate supplementary substrate in Brine water as basal medium. Molasses concentration was 0%-10% while DAP and NPK was 0%-0.5%. Both aerobic and anaerobe sessile bacteria, as well as acid producing bacteria, were enumerated by total plate and turbidity methods. Statistical analysis with α=0.05 proves molasses give significance effect to biofilm strength and sessile anaerobic bacteria. DAP gives significance effect to biofilm strength and sessile aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. NPK give significance effect to sessile anaerobic bacteria. Molasses addition decrease brine pH by microbial activity, make the carbon steel coupon ST-37 corrosion rate increased. Meanwhile, the addition of DAP increased the pH of brine medium and decrease the corrosion rate.

Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Molasses Addition on the Fermentation Characteristics and Nutrient Compositions of Sorghum Silage

Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Molasses Addition on the Fermentation Characteristics and Nutrient Compositions of Sorghum Silage

Calidad fermentativa de ensilajes líquidos de chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes) tratados con yogur natural, suero de leche y melaza

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de la adición de yogur natural, suero de leche y melaza en ensilajes líquidos de chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes) sobre indicadores físicoquímicos, biológicos y organolépticos para su uso en la alimentación animal. Se trabajó con tres ensilados utilizando la drupa madura de la planta: chontaduro con yogur natural (CYN), chontaduro con suero de leche (CSL), y chontaduro con suero de leche y melaza (CSLM). Se preparon 30 microsilos por tratamiento de un 1 kg cada uno que se evaluaron los días 1, 4, 8, 15, 30 y 60 de iniciado el proceso de conservación (cinco por tratamiento). Las variables estudiadas fueron temperatura, pH, presencia de bacterias (E. coli, Clostridium spp, Salmonella spp), olor, color y consistencia. Temperaturas más altas se encontraron en CYN (22.56 ºC) y CSLM (22.52 ºC) en el día 1, CYN (22.48 ºC) y CSL (22.42 ºC) en el día 15, CYN (22.50 ºC) en el día 30, y CYN (22.46 ºC) y CSL (22.34 ºC) en el día 60 (p<0.05). Los valores más altos de pH se observaron en CYN (4.82) en el día 1 y día 4 (4.49) con relación a los otros tratamientos (p<0.05). CSLM presentó el menor pH entre los días 8 y 60 (4.19-4.17) (p<0.05). No hubo presencia de las bacterias en estudio en ninguno de los tratamientos. Los ensilados presentaron olor dulce fermentado, color café amarillento y consistencia semidura en todas las evaluaciones. Los tres ensilados líquidos de drupa de chontaduro presentaron un comportamiento adecuado de los indicadores físicoquímicos, microbiológicos y organolépticos hasta el día 60, todos aptos para el consumo de animales.

Synergistic mycoflora–natural farming mediated biofertilization and heavy metals decontamination of lithospheric compartment in a sustainable mode via Helianthus annuus

Crop yield augmentation is dependent upon the supply of different nutrients at different stages. Such requirements are fulfilled by synthetic fertilizers marked by considerable environmental deterioration in long term. The current research has for the first time prepared a sustainable biofertilizer comprising of the soils’ inherent microbial pool, natural farming inputs, i.e., organic botanical extracts, fish liquids with the addition of molasses, compost indigenous microorganisms (IMOs) comprising mycoflora (i.e., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum). The prepared biofertilizer was utilized for the growth enhancement of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in addition to the heavy metals remediation in the contaminated soils. Selected soils’ and sunflower characterization was done for the determination of nutrient content evaluation and decontamination of heavy metals. IMO isolation was done from pedospheric compartment and was cultured by fermentation of rice with addition of molasses. Randomized block design was used for the greenhouse pot experimentation. Biofertilization potential of IMO was compared with various variations, i.e., single IMO, natural farming inputs and isolated mycoflora. Sunflower treatment with IMO in different variations was done before seed sowing stage by using double concentration at early plantation stage. A remarkable increase in sunflower morphological parameters was indicative of its good remediation potential from the heavy metals contaminated soils. The present results confirm the biofertilization potential of mycoflora–natural farming inputs-based formulation for soil mitigation and crop production. Heavy metal chelation by prepared biofertilizer is a cost-effective, eco-friendly and quick method for sustainable agriculture.

Addition of algicidal bacterium CZBC1 and molasses to inhibit cyanobacteria and improve microbial communities, water quality and shrimp performance in culture systems

In recent years, cyanobacterial blooms occur with increasing frequency during the process of aquaculture. They could cause damage on aquaculture systems and bring huge economic losses. It is necessary to develop effective and ecofriendly methods to control cyanobacterial blooms. In this study, a 56-day field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of algicidal bacterium CZBC1 (group B) and its combined use with molasses (group BC) against a cyanobacterial bloom in Litopenaeus vannamei culture systems. During the experimental period, the densities of Oscillatoria and microalgae decreased gradually in groups B and BC, and both percentages of Oscillatoria in microalgae decreased significantly to <4% at the end of the experiment. Meanwhile, the densities of total bacteria and cultivable heterotrophic bacteria increased faster in groups B and BC compared with the control group. The result from 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that the relative abundance of the Cyanobacteria phylum and the Oscillatoriophycideae class in groups B and BC decreased to very low levels, and the phyla of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in group BC after 7 days. The bacterial richness (Chao1 and ACE) increased gradually in all experimental groups, while the addition of molasses appeared to have some effects on α-diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) of bacterial community. Furthermore, the peak concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen were found to be significantly lower in groups B and BC compared with the control group, and molasses significantly promoted the increase of total suspended solids concentration. Consequently, survival, final weight, growth rate and feed conversion rate of cultured shrimp were improved in groups B and BC. Notably, a synergistic effect could be found when CZBC1 and molasses were used in combination for cyanobacteria control. The results of this study indicate a promising practical method for cyanobacteria control in aquaculture systems.

Attribution of molasses dosage on fresh and hardened performance of recycled aggregate concrete

Molasses is a by-product of sugar production; which not only improves concrete fluidity but also prevents early hardening of cement paste. Moreover, the usage of recycled aggregates in concrete is not a novel practice; however, the key issue observed in its utilization is the high water absorption of aggregates leading to low workability and ultimately poor mechanical strength. This paper investigates the possibility of using cane molasses as a water-reducing admixture in recycled aggregate concrete. The addition of molasses along with recycled aggregate in concrete has the potential of mitigating the negative effects observed with the use of recycled aggregate only. Hence, various dosages of cane molasses (0.25–0.75% by weight of cement) were utilized in this study to investigate the fresh properties of cement pastes and recycled aggregate concrete. Key properties of hardened concrete, such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and shear strength were assessed up to 365 days. X-ray diffraction analysis was also performed at all ages of testing. With the addition of molasses reduction in water demand for normal consistency, whereas increase in setting times and workability was observed. By experiments and analytical discussions, improvement in mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete was also revealed with the addition of molasses up to 0.25%. The obtained results disclosed that the use of molasses in concrete with recycled aggregates is encouraging, provided that the dosage limitations are taken into account.

Complementarity of the raw material composition of Very High Gravity (VHG) mashes as a method to improve efficiency of the alcoholic fermentation process

Abstract The aim of the research was to optimize the composition of the VHG (Very High Gravity) media by selecting the proportions of various plant materials, complementary in terms of the composition of substrates affecting the fermentation process and efficiency. The addition of 25, 33 and 50% of molasses in VHG mash resulted in higher ethanol concentration above 112 g L−1. The highest ethanol concentration of 129.96 ± 0.58 g L−1 and high actual fermentation yield as compared to theoretical one of 90.47 ± 0.40% was found for VHG mash made from all four plant materials used in the same proportions (25%). Raw spirit obtained by distillation of this medium was also characterized by the lowest content of acetaldehyde (332.8 ± 8.3 mg L−1 EtOH) and esters (94.3 ± 1.6 mg L−1 EtOH) in comparison with the spirit samples obtained from mash with a similar degree of attenuation. Addition of molasses to VHG mashes resulted also in lowering the concentration of higher alcohols in distillates to 3815 mg L−1 EtOH as compared to spirits obtained from substrates using starchy materials only. Use of only a complementary raw material composition ensuring that VHG mashes are rich in nutrients resulted in intensification of the alcoholic fermentation process.

Stimulatory Effects of Sugarcane Molasses on Fumigaclavine C Biosynthesis by Aspergillus fumigatus CY018 via Biofilm Enhancement.

Biofilms are of vital significance in bioconversion and biotechnological processes. In this work, sugarcane molasses was used to enhance biofilms for the improvement of the production of fumigaclavine C (FC), a conidiation-associated ergot alkaloid with strong anti-inflammatory activities. Biofilm formation was more greatly induced by the addition of molasses than the addition of other reported biofilm inducers. With the optimal molasses concentration (400 g/l), the biofilm biomass was 6-fold higher than that with sucrose, and FC and conidia production was increased by 5.8- and 3.1-fold, respectively. Moreover, the global secondary metabolism regulatory gene laeA, FC biosynthetic gene fgaOx3, and asexual central regulatory genes brlA and wetA were upregulated in molasses-based biofilms, suggesting the upregulation of both asexual development and FC biosynthesis. This study provides novel insight into the stimulatory effects of molasses on biofilm formation and supports the widespread application of molasses as an inexpensive raw material and effective inducer for biofilm production.

Effect of molasses addition at different C:N ratios on growth and survival rate of spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) fingerling in biofloc system

Effect of molasses addition at different C:N ratios on growth and survival rate of spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) fingerling in biofloc system

Second-generation ethanol from pineapple leaf fibers

ABSTRACTThe use of different lignocellulosic residues for the production of cellulosic ethanol is an alternative for the expanding demand of this fuel without increasing the planting area of traditional carbohydrate crops. One of the proposed alternatives is the use of pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) residues, which is a material rich in cellulose that can be used as raw material for second-generation (2G) ethanol production. In this study, the PALF was pretreated using an alkaline medium combined with a steam explosion and the 2G ethanol produSction was analyzed by two-way processes to enzymatic hydrolysis using separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Using SHF, the alcoholic fermentation process with addition of molasses provided good fermentability and can handle larger loads of carbohydrate in shorter fermentation time. The SSF was a better method for 2G ethanol production from PALF yielding 96.12%. Therefore, PALF is presented as good raw material for production of 2G ethanol, with all the environmental and social advantages of such approach.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LEVEL MOLASES TERHADAP KUALITAS FISIK DAN ORGANOLEPTIK PELLET PAKAN KAMBING PERIODE PENGGEMUKAN

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LEVEL MOLASES TERHADAP KUALITAS FISIK DAN ORGANOLEPTIK PELLET PAKAN KAMBING PERIODE PENGGEMUKAN The Effect of Molases Level Addition on Physical and Organoleptic Quality of Goat Feed Pellets on Fattening Period Risti Sstyaning Ismi, Retno Iswarin Pujaningsih, dan Sri Sumarsih Faculty of Animal and Agriculture Science, Diponegoro UniversityProf. H. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesiae-mail : ristisatya357@gmail.com ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to study the effect of molasses level increase on physical quality and organoleptic of fattening period goat feed in pellet form. Material used in the research is rice bran, cassava peel, elephant grass, tofu waste product, molasses and premix. Completely randomized design was used in a study with 4 replications and 4 treatments, T0 = pellet ration + 0% molases, T1 = pellet ration + 3% molases, T2 = pellet ration + 5% molases, and T3 = pellet ration + 7% molases. Parameters observed were hardness, durability, color, texture and pellet scent. The results showed that the addition of molasses level had significant effect (P&lt;0,05) on the improvement of physical quality of pellet and the decreasement of pellet organoleptic quality. Pellet with the addition of molasses as much as 3% has the best physical and organoleptic quality. Research conclusions recommended that the addition of molasses up to level 3% can provide good effect for the physical quality and organoleptic pellet. Keywords : Molasses Level, Pellet, Physical Quality, Organoleptic Quality.

Semi-passive in-situ pilot scale bioreactor successfully removed sulfate and metals from mine impacted water under subarctic climatic conditions

Mine drainage contaminated with metals is a major environmental threat since it is a source of water pollution with devastating effects on aquatic ecosystems. Conventional active treatment technologies are prohibitively expensive and so there is increasing demand to develop reliable, cost-effective and sustainable passive or semi-passive treatment. These are promising alternatives since they leverage the metabolism of microorganisms native to the disturbed site at in situ or close to in situ conditions. Since this is a biological approach, it is not clear if semi-passive treatment would be effective in remote locations with extremely cold weather such as at mines in the subarctic. In this study we tested the hypothesis that sulfate-reducing bacteria, which are microorganisms that promote metal precipitation, exist in subarctic mine environments and their activity can be stimulated by adding a readily available carbon source. An experiment was setup at a closed mine in the Yukon Territory, Canada, where leaching of Zn and Cd occurs. To test if semi-passive treatment could precipitate these metals and prevent further leaching from waste rock, molasses as a carbon source was added to anaerobic bioreactors mimicking the belowground in-situ conditions. Microbial community analysis confirmed that sulfate-reducing bacteria became enriched in the bioreactors upon addition of molasses. The population composition remained fairly stable over the 14 month operating period despite temperature shifts from 17 to 5 °C. Sulfate reduction functionality was confirmed by quantification of the gene for dissimilatory sulfite reductase. Metals were removed from underground mine drainage fed into the bioreactors with Zn removal efficiency varying between 20.9% in winter and 89.3% in summer, and Cd removal efficiency between 39% in winter and 90.5% in summer. This study demonstrated that stimulation of native SRB in MIW was possible and that in situ semi-passive treatment can be effective in removing metals despite the cold climate.

Supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid to increase in vitro digestibility of ammoniated corn cob in ruminants feed

&lt;p&gt;Corn cob contains high fiber and lignin which causes low nutritive value. The objective of the study was to improve the digestibility of ammoniated corn cob (CC) by supplementation of molasses and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA: valine, leucine and isoleucine). CC was processed by addition 3% urea. The first stage of in vitro test was done with 4 levels of molases 0, 5, 10 and 15% of dry matter (DM) of CC. The experiment was carried out using complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The second stage was also in vitro study of supplementation of two levels each for valine = V, leucine = L and isoleucine = I namely 0.1 and 0.2% of DM of ammoniated CC. There were 8 treatments combination of the BCAA as follow: A = V0.1 L0.1 I0.1; E = V0.2 L0.1 I0.1; B = V0.1 L0.1 I0.2; F = V0.2 L0.1 I0.2; C = V0.1 L0.2 I0.1; G = V0.2 L0.2 I0.1; D = V0.1 L0.2 I0.2; H = V0.2 L0.2 I0.2 and 1 control (V0.0 L0.0 I0.0). The experiments were done using completely randomized design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that treated CC with urea was able to increase protein content by 78% (increased from 3.34% to 5.95%) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased by 15.4%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 7.9% and lignin 16.7%. Addition of molasses in ammoniated CC increased DM digestibility (P &amp;lt;0.05) by 7.5% (41.9 vs 43.51-46.26%) and NDF by 17.7% (38.41 vs 43.76 – 46.31%). Supplementation of BCAA resulted in the highest DM, OM and NDF digestibility (P &amp;lt;0.05) in the treatment of A, C, D and G. Compare to treament I, the digestibility of DM, OM and NDF in G treatment increased by 31.4%, 27.5% and 36.5%, respectively and produced the highest total population of rumen bacterial of 12.4 x 109 colonies /ml. It can be concluded that the digestibility of ammoniated CC increased by the supplementation of 5% molases and BCAA combination consisted of 0.2% valine, 0.2% leucine and 0.1% isoleucine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kata kunci: Tongkol jagung, amoniasi, molases, asam amino bercabang.&lt;/p&gt;

Study of Black Cotton Soil Characteristics with Molasses

Civil engineering structure resting on expansive soil needs more attention since it causes undesirable engineering behavior when the soil comes in contact with water. The areas consisting of expansive soil need a proper stabilization method to solve the site problems faced by the civil engineers. Pavements constructed on such soil shows signs of damage continuously during the service life of the pavement eventually increase the maintenance costs. Stabilization of this soil is a usual practice for improving the strength. In this work an attempt was made on the utilization of Molasses with soil by adding various percentages of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15% in soil and accessed their geotechnical behavior for different curing periods. The effects of Molasses treatment on the strength improvement of compacted expansive clays are studied based on Unconfined Compression tests for different curing periods of 0, 7 and 14 days. UCS performed on these mixes and identified that addition of Molasses attained high strength with the increasing percent of Molasses in soil. From the test results, it was observed that the UCS peak value were increases to 160%. From the experimental study, it is observed that the treatment of the expansive soil with the addition of Industrial waste material Molasses is more efficient in subgrade modification and other geotechnical applications.

Conservación del forraje de la Typha domingensis (Typhaceae). Ensilaje y henificación

Integrar la gestión de la tifa en prácticas de alimentación de ganado proporciona, desde una perspectiva de gestión, mantenimiento de espejos de agua para aves y, para productores, la fuente de alimento para animales rumiantes cuando las lluvias bajas reducen el crecimiento de forraje. Determinamos la capacidad de la tifa cosechada a cuatro meses de rebrote de ser henificada y ensilada. Para el heno, hemos secado el forraje bajo la luz del sol de 10am a 2pm durante 4 días. En el caso del ensilado, se añadió melaza melazas al 3% p/p, y se probaron tres niveles de urea (0,5, 1 y 1,5% p/p) a un nivel constante de melaza (3% p/p). Este heno de tifa contiene mejor valor de proteína cruda y perfil DIVMS que el informado anteriormente para Transvala, la tifa es una fuente alternativa aceptable de forraje cerca del humedal. El ensilado tiene un comportamiento adecuado cuando se expone a la fermentación anaeróbica, que, junto con la adición de urea y melaza, conserva y aumenta el nitrógeno.

Modification of growth medium of mixed-culture species of microalgae isolated from southern java coastal region

Globally, there is growing interest in microalgae as production organisms. Microalgae contain lipids (oil), proteins and carbohydrates (sugars), and, especially marine algae have been used as food and feed for centuries. Recently, production cost reduction related to the supply of growth nutrients is necessary to make it profitable. Therefore, utilization of molasses, a byproduct of sugar production, as the natural carbon, macronutrients, and micronutrients sources can be helpful. The analysis showed that the content of sucrose, glucose, fructose, potassium, zinc, and magnesium was 68.4% w/w, 18.5% w/w, and 13.1% w/w, 5.5% w/w, 3.91 ppm, and 1,370 ppm respectively. This work aimed to determine the effect of molasses addition to the physio-chemical properties of multi-culture species of microalgae isolated from southern Java coastal region in Indonesia grown under mixotrophic culture. The cultivation in this work used medium which was self-formulated by the authors consisting of NaNO3 (5 mL/L), H3BO3 (1 mL/L), EDTA (1 mL/L), N2H2PO4 (5 mL/L), FeSO4 (1 mL/L), MgSO4 (1 mL/L), NaCl (1 mL/L), micronutrients (1 mL/L), vitamin B1 (1 mL/L), and vitamin B12 (1 mL/L) in 500 mL of water. The medium will be treated to have molasses concentration of 0.05% v/v, 0.15% v/v, 0.25% v/v, 0.35% v/v, and 0.45% v/v.

THE EFFECT OF MOLASSES, Lactobacillus plantarum, Trichoderma viride, AND ITS MIXTURES ADDITION ON THE QUALITY OF TOTAL MIXED FORAGE SILAGE

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of molasses, Lactobacillus plantarum, Trichoderma viride, and its mixtures addition on the quality of total mixed forage silage. Molasses was added 4% (w/w), L. plantarum 0,1% (v/w), and T. viride 0,1% (v/w). Each treatment was made 3 replication and then fermented for 21 days anaerobically. Variables measured were physical, chemical, and biological quality includes color, odor, texture, fungi, pH, lactic acid content, and ammonia. Data were analyzed using the analyses of variance Completely Randomized Designs. If there was significant among the treatment, it followed by a test of the average between two treatments with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test . Test the quality of physical showed a yellowish green color, smell sour, dense texture, and the presence of the fungus little / no fungi. The addition of molasses alone or a mixture of molasses and L. plantarum/T. viride lowered pH and ammonia (P <0.05), while the lactic acid content increased (P <0.05). The addition of molasses or water-soluble carbohydrate is a must to produce good quality total mixed forage silage that shown with pH 3.60, lactic acid content 4.28% DM, ammonia content 0.43% DM.

Water lily (Nymphaea sp.): an alternative organic amendment for treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by chemical–biological stabilization

The chemical–biological stabilization technology has been employed in several successful studies using sugarcane cachasse as the organic amendment. However, in some petroleum-producing areas, there are no sugar mills nearby (which is the source of this material), and the cost of transport to the contaminated site is prohibitive. Therefore, water lily, which is considered a weedy plant in many tropical and subtropical areas, was evaluated as an alternative. In 3-month experiment, water lily was compared (with and without addition of molasses) with cachasse for the treatment of clayey sediment contaminated with > 6% extra-heavy crude oil. All treatments resulted in a reduction in the hydrocarbon concentration of 15–23%, without significant differences (P > 0.05). During this process, the pH was reduced to the 7–7.5 range and water repellency (molarity ethanol drop) to 3.5–3.6 M. Also, field capacity increased to 36.3–38.5% humidity, establishing adequate conditions for the development of vegetation at this site. Likewise, toxicity was reduced to practically null (Vibrio fischeri bioassay), and hydrocarbons in leachates were reduced to 3.4–4.3 mg/l, conditions adequate for the protection of groundwater and human health in rural areas. This study confirms that water lily is an adequate substitute for the application of this treatment method for hydrocarbon-contaminated sites that are far from sugar production areas.