Adding Basalt Fiber Research Articles

Development of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Fine-Grained Cementitious Composites for Textile Reinforcements

Cementitious composites have been the prevalent field of research in recent eras due to their excellent bending and high strains. However, textile reinforcement requires materials with fine grain size to make proper binding between the yarns in the textile reinforcement and improve the strength characteristics. This concern has led to the development of fine-grained cementitious composites by dispersing chopped basalt fiber to improve strain-hardening capabilities with reduced voids. The basalt fiber content is varied by 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 and 1% to the volume of the cementitious matrix. Various testing methods have evaluated the mechanical and microstructural properties of fine-grained cementitious composites with basalt fiber. Adding basalt fiber up to 0.4% to the volume of the matrix improves the compressive, split tensile, flexural strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity compared to the controlled cementitious matrix. Also, higher fiber content escalated the impact resistance and degree of carbonation. From the results, obtained basalt fiber reinforced fine-grained cementitious composites have higher mechanical characteristics, and the particles are densely packed compared to cementitious composites. Thus it provides good bonding between the textile reinforcement and helps to construct thin structural elements.

Flexural Capacity of Concrete Beams with Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars and Stirrups.

The flexural properties of six 120 × 300 × 4500 mm concrete beams reinforced with bars made from basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) basalt fibers and concrete stirrups were investigated. The beams contained different concrete compositions (with or without basalt fibers). Steel and BFRP bars were used as longitudinal and shear reinforcement. As expected, all the beams failed by the crushing of the concrete in the top compression fibers because of using BFRP bars. Beams with BFRP bars should be designed to fail by concrete crushing because it is safer than a brittle failure of the bars. The beams with composite reinforcement were characterized by the greatest number of cracks with the largest crack width. The use of basalt fibers resulted in slightly reduced cracks in beams. The most significant deflections were recorded for the beams with BFRC composite reinforcement, the smallest for FRC beams. Adding basalt fibers to the concrete resulted in slightly reduced deflection of FRC beams compared to RC beams and significantly reduced deflection compared to BFRC beams. Results showed that introducing basalt fibers to the concrete increased curvature ductility of these beams. A theoretical analysis of flexural capacity showed that the ACI standard design is more similar to experimental values (0.87). A more restrictive standard, as it turns out, is the fib Model Code (0.68).

Study on Pavement Performance of Cement Stabilized Recycled Brick Aggregate Base with Basalt Fiber

The solution to environmental problems caused by the generation of construction brick waste is its use as a substitute for natural gravel aggregate in highway base material. The preparation of basalt fiber cement stabilized recycled brick aggregate base material is by adding basalt fiber to cement stabilized recycled waste brick mixture. With the help of nonlateral compressive strength test, indirect tensile (splitting) strength test, and flexural tensile strength test, the influence of basalt fiber with different dosages on the compressive strength, crack resistance, and durability of cement stabilized recycled waste brick mixture was analyzed. The effects of basalt fiber on water loss rate, dry shrinkage strain, and frost resistance of cement stabilized recycled waste brick mixture were analyzed by dry shrinkage test and freeze-thaw test. The bonding morphology of fiber and cement slurry was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that when the waste brick aggregate content is 30% and basalt fiber content is 1‰, the 28-day compressive strength of cement stabilized waste brick mixture is 19% higher than that of the specimen without fiber; indirect tensile strength increased by 36.6%; flexural strength increased by 37.0%; water loss rate decreased by 15.5%; the coherent shrinkage strain decreased by 30.3%; and BDR value (compressive strength loss percentage) increased by 12.3%. Basalt fiber and cement slurry have good bonding force and friction force, which act as tensile reinforcement in the mixture. Fiber bundle and fiber filament compose a fiber network to enwrap the mixture, so that the fiber network and mixture are embedded with each other, thereby improving the mechanical properties and durability of cement stabilized recycled waste brick mixture.

Experimental Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Short Columns under Axial Compression

Adding basalt fiber to concrete can improve the mechanical properties of concrete, and it is also one of the best ways to enhance the ultimate bearing capacity of concrete structure. In this paper, the construction performance and the compressive strength of basalt-fiber-reinforced concrete (BFRC) with five kinds of fiber lengths and eight kinds of fiber volume content subjected to an axial load are systematically investigated. The optimum fiber length and fiber volume content are obtained by comprehensively considering the construction performance and compressive strength. Moreover, the prediction model and finite element analysis method of the ultimate bearing capacity of basalt-fiber-reinforced concrete are developed. The results show that the optimum fiber length is about 12–24 mm and the fiber volume content is 0.15%. Adding an appropriate amount of basalt fiber can effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity of concrete short columns, with maximum and average increases of 28% and 24%, respectively. In addition, the comparison with the experimental results shows that both the proposed prediction method and the finite element modeling method have good applicability, and they can be used to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of the BRFC short columns in practical engineering.

Road Performance Comprehensive Evaluation of Polymer Modified Emulsified Asphalt Fiber Microsurfacing

To further improve the road performance of microsurfacing, two kinds of polymer modified emulsified asphalt and three kinds of fibers were selected to prepare a variety of microsurfacing mixtures. The composition of the microsurfacing was optimized and verified. The effects of polymer modified emulsified asphalt and fiber types on the road performance of the microsurfacing were analyzed. Based on TOPSIS method of entropy weight, the road performance of the microsurfacing was comprehensively evaluated, and the microsurfacing with the best comprehensive road performance was optimized. The results show that the addition of waterborne polyurethane can further improve the water stability and low-temperature crack resistance of the waterborne epoxy resin modified emulsified asphalt fiber microsurfacing. Adding fiber can effectively improve the road performance of the microsurfacing. After adding polypropylene fiber, the bonding performance and water damage resistance of polymer modified emulsified asphalt microsurfacing were improved to the maximum. After adding basalt fiber, the deformation resistance, the 60°C dynamic stability, and the −10°C splitting strength of polymer modified emulsified asphalt microsurfacing reached the maximum. Among the three fibers, polypropylene fiber microsurfacing has the best comprehensive road performance, followed by basalt fiber microsurfacing.

Quantifying Computed Tomography of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Concrete under Unconfined Compression

The macroscopic aspects of adding basalt fiber (BF) to concrete has been the subject of studies that document great increases in compression strength. Research into the microscopic aspects of the reinforcement mechanism is still in an exploratory stage, and the quantitative analysis and visual observation of fibers in the concrete matrix are difficult. In this paper, the reinforcement effect of fiber on concrete is studied by means of computed tomography (CT) scanning technology and digital image processing (DIP) technology, combined with the macro-mechanical properties obtained from the unconfined compression strength test, and quantitative analysis from the micro point of view. At the same time, the fiber visualization is realized with the help of Avizo. The results show that with the increase in fiber dosage, the peak stress of concrete first increases and then decreases. When the fiber dosage is 3 kg/m3, the peak stress is 44.4 MPa, which is 41.85% higher than that of ordinary concrete. Additionally, the proportion of macropores is the least, which is the best fiber dosage. It is found that when the fiber dosage is 3 kg/m3, the angular distribution of φ is relatively uniform, and the uniform distribution of fibers forms a dense network structure, which significantly increases the peak stress of concrete. However, when the fiber dosage is too high, it will lead to the accumulation of fibers and produce macropores, and these excess fibers mainly appear in the horizontal direction and do not contribute to the compression strength.

Research on dynamic splitting damage characteristics and constitutive model of basalt fiber reinforced concrete based on acoustic emission

In order to effectively utilize fiber reinforced concrete in engineering, it is necessary to investigate its mechanical properties and damage characteristics under dynamic tensile loads. This paper studied the effects of loading rate and fiber content on the tensile strength and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) in dynamic splitting tests. Brazilian disc splitting tests were carried out on the BFRC specimens with various fiber volume fraction (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%). Then the dynamic splitting AE characteristics were analyzed by means of parameter analysis method. Additionally, the stress–strain curves of BFRC were fitted by the constitutive model modified based on AE rate-process theory. The test results indicate that the tensile strength is enhanced with the increasing loading rate while adding basalt fibers has the same effect. Preferable fiber contents are 0.1% and 0.15%. Then it is found that loading rate and fiber content exert considerable impacts on the AE characteristics. Furthermore, the good fitting results suggest that the mechanics behavior of BFRC under dynamic splitting loads can be well described by the modified constitutive model.

Investigation on Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mixture Reinforced by Basalt Fiber.

Basalt fiber has been widely used in asphalt mixture due to its excellent mechanical properties and good combination with asphalt. In order to systematically evaluate the enhancement effect of basalt fiber on the fatigue performance of the mixtures, gradations of Stone Mastic Asphalt and Superpave with different nominal maximum aggregate sizes, namely SMA-13, SUP-20 and SUP-25, were prepared, and a four-point bending beam fatigue test was adopted under the strain control mode. The fatigue damage mode was assessed based on the phenomenology theory, energy dissipation theory and change rate of dissipated energy. The results showed that basalt fiber could well increase the fatigue life of the mixtures. Basalt fiber could also increase the cumulative dissipated energy of the mixtures, and it was linearly correlated with the fatigue life in double logarithmic coordinates. In the meantime, adding basalt fiber could increase the change rate of dissipated energy of the mixtures. Furthermore, it is not appropriate to take the stiffness modulus declined to 50% of the original as the fatigue failure criterion of the mixture; this paper suggested that it is reasonable when the stiffness modulus was 15–25% that of the initial. These findings provide a theoretical basis for exploring the fatigue failure of asphalt pavements.

The effect of using basalt fibers compared to steel fibers on the shear behavior of ultra-high performance concrete T-beam

The effect of using basalt fibers in the matrix of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) T-beam on the diagonal crack-load and ultimate shear capacity was investigated experimentally. The results compared to similar T-beam containing steel fibers in equal percent. The beam was reinforced with longitudinal bars but did not have transverse shear reinforcements. Two parameters were adopted in this study. These were the volume fraction of fibers and the shear span to effective depth ratio. The results showed that using steel fibers in the matrix led to a ductile behavior upon failure more than adding basalt fibers. Adding basalt fibers to UHPC enhances compressive strength more than the addition of steel fibers at equal percent. The enhancement was reflected in the shear capacity of the compression zone of the T-beam. Also, the compression zone in the T-beam was enlarged due to the presence of the flange. Therefore, the flange contributed to raising the compression shear capacity. Incorporating basalt fibers in the matrix of UHPC delayed the initiation of diagonal cracking more than steel fibers did. Adding basalt fibers at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% raised the cracking shear load by 160% over the non-fibrous one. However, the 0.5% and 1.0% basalt fibers upheaved the ultimate shear capacity more than the 1.5% content. The 1.5% steel fiber content promoted the shear capacity by 133% over the non-fibrous one. Also, the shear span to effective depth (a/d) ratio had a significant effect on the shear capacity of the beam. Increasing the a/d ratio led to decreasing the shear capacity and raising the mid-span deflection of the T-beam. However, the recorded deflection of the UHPC T-beam was low compared to the conventional concrete one.

Temperature Impact on Engineered Cementitious Composite Containing Basalt Fibers

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a new generation of fiber-reinforced concrete with high ductility and exceptional crack control capabilities. However, ECC can suffer a substantial reduction in ductility when exposed to elevated temperatures resulting in a loss of crack-bridging ability. In this study, the effect of adding basalt fiber (BF), which is an inorganic fiber with high-temperature resistance for the production of ECC, was studied. Moreover, the change in the mechanical properties of ECC, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, was experimentally investigated under elevated temperatures up to 400 °C. The results showed that the addition of BF to reinforced ECC improved the tensile and flexural strength of concrete effectively, but compressive strength marginally decreased. A significant decrease was observed in the range from 300 to 400 °C, while it increased smoothly when heated up to 300 °C. The compressive and flexural strength diminished after a slight strain gained when heated up to 100 °C. This work paves the way for future investigations focusing on the development of high-temperature resistance ECC.

Characterization of Internal Defects and Fiber Distribution of BFRC Based on the Digital Image Processing Technology

Adding basalt fiber into concrete can significantly improve its mechanical properties. In order to explore the influence of basalt fiber content on the uniaxial compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete and the mechanism of fiber action, this paper conducts compressive and splitting tensile tests on three kinds of basalt fiber concrete specimens with different fiber content and obtains the relationship between the macro mechanical properties and the fiber content. At the same time, with the help of CT scanning equipment and digital image processing technology, the microstructure of basalt fiber concrete with three groups of fiber content is reconstructed, and the pore, crack, and fiber distribution are quantitatively described using the calculation and processing function of the Avizo reconstruction software. The results show that when the optimal fiber content is 3 kg/m3, the improvement rates of uniaxial compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are 31.9% and 23.7%, respectively. The network structure formed by fiber in concrete has the best compactness and the least number of pores, with an average sphericity of 0.89 and an average pore volume of 20.26 μm3. Through analysis, it was found that the initial defects of basalt fiber concrete exist in the form of pores, and the addition of basalt fiber will destroy the large pore size of concrete, change the pore size distribution, and increase the average sphericity; The distribution of the fiber in the concrete is a three-dimensional network, and the distribution of the fiber in the initial defect distribution area is parallel to the direction of pore arrangement.

Mechanical Properties Test and Strength Prediction on Basalt Fiber Reinforced Recycled Concrete

In order to study the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced recycled concrete (BFRRC), nine groups of tests are designed with three different replacement rates of recycled aggregates (40%, 70%, and 100%) and volume fraction of basalt fibers (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). Another group of tests on ordinary concrete without fiber and recycled aggregate is used as comparison. The workability, cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of BFRRC are tested and analyzed. The effects of fiber content and recycled aggregate replacement ratio on the mechanical properties of concrete are studied. The strength development of fiber reinforced recycled concrete is predicted by using convolution neural network theory. The test results show that the fluidity of concrete mixtures decreases, while the cohesion and water retention are better than ordinary concrete with the increase of replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate and basalt fiber content. The compressive and flexural strength of recycled concrete first decrease and then increase slightly, while the splitting tensile strength of recycled concrete continue to decrease with the increase of replacement ratio of recycled aggregate. The flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of recycled concrete are obviously improved after adding basalt fiber, while the compressive strength increases first and then decreases with the increase of fiber content. A convolution neural network model for predicting the strength of basalt fiber reinforced recycled concrete is established. The predicted results are very close to the measured values and can be used as reference for the mix ratio of basalt fiber reinforced recycled concrete.

Investigating the effect of basalt fiber additive on the performance of clay barriers for radioactive waste disposals

Radioactive materials are widely used in mining, manufacturing, medicine, and agricultural processes. The waste products from these materials are hazardous and should be appropriately dumped. As a result, a proper radiation shielding barrier is required to avoid the contamination of the surrounding environment. Clay soil is an efficient and eco-friendly radiation shielding material, which is commonly used to cap the hazardous and radioactive landfills. In this research, the effects of basalt fiber additive in four percentages, including 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 on the bentonite clay radiation shielding performance, were investigated using experimental and simulation methods. Also, the permeability of the mixtures is controlled to be in the acceptable range as a vital parameter for radioactive disposal barriers. Chemical and microstructure analyses were conducted on the utilized material, using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Linear attenuation coefficient (μ), representing the material radiation shielding performance, was evaluated using the HPGe spectrometer detector, MCNP simulation code, and XCOM web program on the three commonly used gamma-ray energy levels of 137Cs (661.6 keV) and 60Co (1173.5 and 1332.5 keV). An acceptable agreement was observed between experimental and simulation results, revealing that adding basalt fiber improves the shielding performance due to a higher linear attenuation coefficient (μ), where 2% of basalt fiber leads to the highest values of 12.3 m−1, 10.14 m−1, and 8.5 m−1 obtained for 661.6 keV, 1173.2 keV, and 1332.5 keV energy levels, respectively. The results concluded that, due to radiation shielding performance, workability, and permeability limitations, the 2% basalt-bentonite mixture could be a new candidate covering low-level radioactive waste disposal.

Heat Treatment of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Expanded Clay Concrete with Increased Strength for Cast-In-Situ Construction

Expanded clay concrete (ECC) is a promising structural material for buildings due to its light weight and heat- and sound-insulating properties. Adding basalt fibers (BFs) in ECC reduces its brittleness and enhances its mechanical properties. The heat treatment (HT) of BF-reinforced ECC can significantly accelerate the strength growth during cast-in-situ construction, which allows the reduction of the turnover of the formwork and the construction period, as well as leading to lower construction costs. This paper presents an HT technology for load-bearing structures, containing a BF-reinforced ECC mix and using infrared rays for cast-in-situ construction. The issue of the strength growth of BF-reinforced ECC during HT has been studied. Microsilica and fly ash were added to the ECC mix to obtain a compressive strength of more than 20 MPa. Four different mixes of ECC with chopped BFs in the ratios of 1:0, 1:0.0045, 1:0.009 and 1:0.012 by weight of cement were studied. Test specimens were heated by infrared rays for 7, 9, 11, 13, 16 and 24 h. Then, the heat-treated specimens were tested for compressive strength after 0.5, 4, 12 and 24 h cooling periods. The analysis and evaluation of the experimental data were carried out based on probability theory and mathematical statistics. Mathematical models are proposed for forecasting the strength growth of BF-reinforced ECC during cast-in-situ construction.

Suitability of Fiber Lengths for Hot Mix Asphalt with Different Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size: A Pilot Experimental Investigation.

Fiber length is a key parameter for the mixture design of basalt fiber-reinforced hot mix asphalt (HMA), which significantly affects the mix performance. To evaluate the suitability of fiber lengths for HMA with different nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS), basalt fiber with the lengths of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 mm were selected for dense graded gradations with different NMASs (namely, SUP-13, SUP-20, and SUP-25), so as to prepare the fiber-reinforced HMA mixtures. Then, the mix performance was evaluated by an indirect tensile asphalt cracking test (IDEAL-CT), a four-point bending beam fatigue test, a wheel tracking test, a uniaxial penetration test, a low temperature bending beam test, and a freeze-thaw splitting test. Based on the performance results, the optimum fiber length for each mix gradation was proposed by the normalization method. The results showed that adding basalt fiber can enhance the comprehensive performance of all three types of HMA to a great extent. Furthermore, fiber length presented remarkable impact on the crack resistance, the fatigue resistance of the HMA, and the low temperature crack resistance, but it had limited influence on the high temperature deformation resistance, and water stability. The optimum fiber length for SUP-13, SUP-20, and SUP-25 was 6, 9, and 12 mm, respectively.

Mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal stability of basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

AbstractIn this article, the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal stability of basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (BFRPPs) and polypropylene (PP) were investigated and compared. The combustion performance and thermal stability of BFRPPs and PP were evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimeter test (CCT), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that basalt fibers could enhance mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal stability of PP. With the increase of basalt fiber content, the strength and stiffness of BFRPPs increased significantly, and the elongation decreased obviously. Adding basalt fibers into PP could improve the LOI value. BFRPPs burned appreciably more slowly than PP under the same oxygen concentration. Simultaneously, BFRPPs indicated a better anti‐melt dripping effect than PP matrix. The heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), rate of smoke release (RSR), and total smoke release (TSR) of BFRPPs decreased compared to PP matrix. Moreover, the addition of basalt fibers to PP could contribute to the formation of a more compact and continuous char layer, which effectively reduced the transfer of heat and oxygen, resulting in a better flame retardancy of BFRPPs.

Performance Characterization of Hot Mix Asphalt with High RAP Content and Basalt Fiber.

Incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) into asphalt mixtures achieves astonishingly environmental and economic benefits. However, there is hesitation to use higher RAP content due to the concern regarding the deterioration in pavement performance, especially the cracking resistance. Basalt fiber has been considered an effective additive to reinforce the performance of asphalt mixtures and, subsequently, the reinforcement effect is also expected for high-RAP content mixtures. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of basalt fiber on the pavement performance of asphalt mixtures with 0%, 30%, 40%, and 50% RAP contents against high-temperature performance, moisture susceptibility, low-temperature and intermediate-temperature cracking resistance, based on the wheel-tracking test, the uniaxial penetration test, the freeze-thaw splitting test, the low-temperature bending beam test, the semicircular bend fracture test and the indirect tensile asphalt cracking test, respectively. In addition, a performance-space diagram was developed to determine the mixture performance shift caused by basalt fiber. The results showed that adding basalt fiber compensated for the detrimental effect caused by RAP, leading to significant enhancement in moisture susceptibility and low- and intermediate-temperature cracking resistance of mixtures with high RAP content, along with the enhancement in high-temperature performance, indicating that basalt fiber can contribute to the use of high RAP content.

Stable process of concrete chloride diffusivity and corresponding influencing factors analysis

Based on the relationship between apparent and instantaneous chloride diffusion coefficients of concrete, a time dependent model of instantaneous chloride diffusion coefficient is established. By solving the derivative of the time dependent apparent and instantaneous chloride diffusion coefficients, the stable time of apparent and instantaneous chloride diffusion coefficient is obtained, respectively. Besides, field exposure tests in two marine tidal environments with eight concrete mixtures were adopted to verify the calculated stable time of chloride diffusion coefficients, and the effects of water to binder (w/b) ratio, admixture and ambient environment on the time dependency and stable time of two diffusion coefficients have been analyzed. Results indicated that the proposed method for calculating the stable time of chloride diffusion coefficient is simple and applicable. Moreover, after analyzing the corresponding influencing factors on the stable time of diffusion coefficients, it can be concluded that for the same concrete mixture, a higher chloride concentration in the ambient environment will lead to a larger age reduction factor and a longer stable time of chloride diffusion coefficient. Moreover, in the same environment, the stable times of apparent and instantaneous diffusion coefficient both show a linear increase with w/b ratio of ordinary concrete. Admixtures have significant influences on the stable time of chloride diffusion coefficient. For the case concretes with the same w/b ratio, adding basalt fiber (BF) into concrete has the most obvious lengthening effect on the stable time of chloride diffusion coefficient, followed by fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF).

Sustainability of Reinforced Concrete Beams with/without BF Influenced by Cracking Capacity and Chloride Diffusion

Concrete’s production causes pronounced environmental impacts. It is confirmed that adding basalt fiber (BF) into concrete can improve the mechanical properties and reduce the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete. Moreover, research on the environmental impact of BF and its application in concrete has gradually emerged in recent years. However, there is little research on the chloride diffusivity of concrete structures with BF under the coupling interaction of external loads and chloride action. Therefore, at first, six beams were cast to obtain the depth-dependent chloride diffusivity of concrete under the coupling interaction of chloride penetration and 50% and 80% of the cracking capacity. Then, a functional unit (FU) combining durability, cracking capacity and volume was proposed to evaluate the sustainability of the concrete structure. In addition, three extra FUs (volume, considering volume and cracking capacity simultaneously and considering volume, cracking capacity and durability simultaneously) were also proposed and compared with the first FU. Results indicate that, regardless of the applied load level, the average chloride diffusion coefficient of a reinforced concrete (RC) beam with BF is larger than that of an ordinary RC beam. Moreover, the sorting of life cycle assessment (LCA) results will vary significantly with the different preset functional units. When taking the cracking capacity into consideration, adding BF into concrete is a suitable solution to improve the sustainability of RC beams.

Model Test on Bearing Characteristics of Basalt Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete Lining

Adding fiber can improve the brittleness of plain concrete. Compared with plain concrete, basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete has the advantages of strengthening, toughening, and crack resistance. Compared with steel fiber‐reinforced concrete, basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete has better construction performance. Basalt fiber concrete is a type of inorganic material with environmental protection and high mechanical properties, which has an important mechanical advantage for controlling the deformation of the soft surrounding rock tunnel. Through the indoor model test of mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete and basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete lining, the bearing characteristics of basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete lining was studied. The results show that, compared with reinforced concrete, the initial crack load of basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete is increased by 20%; the toughness of lining structure is enhanced by adding basalt fiber, and the lining can still bear large bending moment and deformation after the initial crack appears; after the initial crack appears, the bearing characteristic curve of reinforced concrete lining rises slowly and converges rapidly; the bearing characteristic curve of basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete lining rises slowly, and there is no sign of convergence when it reaches 2 times of initial crack load. For the soft surrounding rock tunnel, it is necessary to seal the rock surface as early as possible, provide support as soon as possible, and have a certain deformation capacity. Basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete can better meet these needs.