Risk Of Addiction Research Articles

Effect of lateral septum vasopressin administration on reward system neurochemistry and amphetamine-induced addictive-like behaviors in female rats.

Introduction: The chronic use of psychostimulants increases the risk of addiction and, there is no specific pharmacologic treatment for psychostimulant addiction. The vasopressin (AVP) system is a possible pharmacological target in drug addiction. Previous results obtained in our laboratory showed that amphetamine (AMPH) treatment decreases lateral septum (LS) AVP levels in male rats, and AVP microinjection in LS decreases addictive-like behavior. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of AMPH treatment on LS AVP levels and the effect of LS AVP administration on the expression of AMPH-conditioned place preference (CPP) in female rats. The secondary objectives were to study the effect of LS AVP administration on LS GABA and glutamate release in male and female rats and on nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine (DA) release in female rats. Methods: Female rats were conditioned with AMPH (1.5mg/kg i.p.) or saline for 4days. Results: Conditioning with AMPH did not change LS AVP content in females. However, AVP microinjection into the LS decreased the expression of conditioned place preference (CPP) to AMPH. Glutamate and GABA extracellular levels in the LS induced by AVP were studied in males and females. NAc GABA and DA extracellular levels induced by LS AVP microinjection in female rats were measured by microdialysis. In males, AVP perfusion produced a significant increase in LS GABA extracellular levels; however, a decrease in GABA extracellular levels was observed in females. Both in males and females, LS AVP perfusion did not produce changes in LS glutamate extracellular levels. Microinjection of AVP into the LS did not change GABA or DA extracellular levels in the NAc of females. Discussion: Therefore, AVP administration into the LS produces different LS-NAc neurochemical responses in females than males but decreases CPP to AMPH in both sexes. The behavioral response in males is due to a decrease in NAc DA levels, but in females, it could be due to a preventive increase in NAc DA levels. It is reasonable to postulate that, in females, the decrease in conditioning produced by AVP microinjection is influenced by other factors inherent to sex, and an effect on anxiety cannot be discarded.

Cannabidiol and pain.

Chronic pain presents significant personal, psychological, and socioeconomic hurdles, impacting over 30% of adults worldwide and substantially contributing to disability. Unfortunately, current pharmacotherapy often proves inadequate, leaving fewer than 70% of patients with relief. This shortfall has sparked a drive to seek alternative treatments offering superior safety and efficacy profiles. Cannabinoid-based pharmaceuticals, notably cannabidiol (CBD), hold promise in pain management, driven by their natural origins, versatility, and reduced risk of addiction. As we navigate the opioid crisis, ongoing research plunges into CBD's therapeutic potential, buoyed by animal studies revealing its pain-relieving prowess through various system tweaks. However, the efficacy of cannabis in chronic pain management remains a contentious and stigmatized issue. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) presently refrains from endorsing cannabinoid use for pain relief. Nevertheless, evidence indicates their potential in alleviating cancer-related, neuropathic, arthritis, and musculoskeletal pain, necessitating further investigation. Crucially, our comprehension of CBD's role in pain management is a journey still unfolding, with animal studies illustrating its analgesic effects through interactions with the endocannabinoid, inflammatory, and nociceptive systems. As the plot thickens, it's clear: the saga of chronic pain and CBD's potential offers a compelling narrative ripe for further exploration and understanding.

Lack of Parental Control Is Longitudinally Associated With Higher Smartphone Addiction Tendency in Young Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the risk factors of young children's smartphone addiction in a longitudinal study design. Data collected from 313 participants (mean age, 4.5 ± 0.82 years; male, 49.8%) over 4 years for Kids Cohort for Understanding of Internet Addiction Risk Factors in Early Childhood were analyzed in this study. Mixed effect models were used to evaluate the influence of various variables on the repeated measures of smartphone addiction tendency in young children over time. The multi-level analysis showed that parents' lack of control over children's smartphone use (t = -4.523; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.32, -1.72), and parents' higher smartphone addiction proneness (t = 6.340; 95% CI, 0.23, 0.440) predicted higher smartphone addiction tendency in young children. The responsibility of the parents to prevent their children from becoming addicted to smartphones should start in a very early age when they start using the smartphones.

Addictive Behavior and Evolutionary Adaptation: Mitigated through Genetic Addiction Risk Severity Early Identification and Awareness Integration Theory

Objectives: Humans, with their unique genetic profile, exhibit a greater propensity to develop and maintain addiction compared to other animals. This paper offers a detailed examination of addiction, co-occurring traits, and psychologic disorders, focusing on neurobiological and molecular aspects. Furthermore, the authors investigate the potential of the Awareness Integration Theoretical model as an effective therapeutic addiction treatment. Methods: Using PsychINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the evolutionary and adaptation pathways to addiction, epigenetic factors, and the potentiality of Awareness Integration Theory in treating addiction. Results: Epigenetics allows environmental factors to create lasting and heritable phenotypic changes, enabling rapid adaptation to these stimuli. Addiction “high-jacks” this system and the neurochemical mechanisms that control flexibility and innovation and is, thus, the price we pay for adaptability. Drug addiction is thought of as an adjunctive behavior or a subordinate behavior catalyzed by more profound, more significant psychological and biological stimuli. Conclusions: The neurochemical mechanisms underlying addiction, a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, are intertwined with the hallmark features of the human species, such as behavioral flexibility and pre-addictive propensity. The dopaminergic system, a key player in addiction, serves as a crucial link between addiction and the shared genetic profile evident in co-occurring traits and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Furthermore, a hypofunctioning dopaminergic system is a common characteristic of addiction and co-occurring psychiatric and psychological disorders. Early childhood preventative measures are vital in re-directing the existing predictive and poor adaptability functioning, which refers to the individual's inability to adapt to changing circumstances and reliance on maladaptive coping strategies. Awareness Integration Theory’s approach encompasses a therapeutical model addressing individuals' physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains, allowing the individual to address intergenerational and ancestral ineffective and harmful adaptability. This, in turn, AIT will allow the human genome to be on a healthier path to recovery from obstacles such as addiction. When a tendency or a characteristic improves your ability to function and survive, and especially your ability to produce and raise children, that will most likely break the cycle of addiction and addictive behavior.

The Future is Now for Precision Genomic Addiction Medicine as a Frontline Modality for Inducing "Dopamine Homeostasis" in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS).

In this genomic era of addiction medicine, ideal treatment planning begins with genetic screening to determine neurogenetic antecedents of the Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) phenotype. Patients suffering from endotype addictions, both substance and behavioral, and other mental health/comorbid disorders that share the neurobiological commonality of dopamine dysfunction, are ideal candidates for RDS solutions that facilitate dopamine homeostasis, addressing the cause, rather than symptoms. Our goal is to promote the interplay of molecular biology and recovery as well as provide evidence linked to RDS and its scientific basis to primary care physicians and others. This was an observational case study with a retrospective chart review in which an RDS treatment plan that utilized Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) analysis to evaluate neurogenetic challenges was used in order to develop appropriate short- and long-term pharmaceutical and nutraceutical interventions. A Substance Use Disorder (SUD) treatment-resistant patient was successfully treated utilizing the GARS test and RDS science. The RDS Solution Focused Brief Therapy (RDS-SFBT) and the RDS Severity of Symptoms Scale (SOS) may provide clinicians with a useful tool for establishing neurological balance and helping patients to achieve self-efficacy, self-actualization, and prosperity.

Work addiction risk, stress and well-being at work: testing the mediating role of sleep quality.

Attention to work addiction risk is growing; however, more studies are needed to explore the possible impact of work addiction risk on various aspects of employees' work and life domains. Although several studies have considered the antecedents or consequences of work addiction risk, this study particularly focuses on sleep quality as a potential explanatory underlying mechanism in the relation between work addition risk and three outcome variables including stress at home, stress at work and well-being. The data was collected using an online platform and participants consisted of 188 French employees who were selected using simple random sampling method. Participants responded to the survey including the Work Addiction Risk Test (WART), stress at work, well-being, and sleep quality. The data was analyzed using JASP and SPSS-26 programs. The results revealed that there are significant positive relationships between work addiction risk and both stress at home and at work and negative relationships between work addiction risk and both sleep quality and well-being. In addition, the analyses of the mediation paths suggest the significant mediation role of sleep quality for the link between work addition risk and stress at work as well as the link between work addiction risk and well-being. Given the verified mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between work addiction, stress and wellbeing, it is recommended that organizations and companies pay particular attention to their employees' sleep quality.

Improving Parents' Ability To Control Gadget Usage Among Children In Pre-School

Abstract. TK (Kindergarten) ABA Patukan conducted its online instruction using a variety of platforms throughout the Covid-19 Pandemic. The fact that children are particularly interested in today's technology is not incorrect. This is because modern technology has developed into a highly attractive object with an attractive appearance that also uses touchscreen technology to further its attractiveness. There are concerns associated with using technology for online learning for students' kids. Parents frequently complain to teachers that their kids are getting out of hand and refuse to do schoolwork if they can't use devices or play online games, and they also throw tantrums. Parents and teachers have never received health education about the mental health of preschoolers, particularly regarding the risks associated with gadget use in kids and how to regulate the growth and development of preschoolers. The solutions proposed include gadget addiction screening, child growth and development monitoring, health counselling regarding the risks of gadget addiction in kids, and teaching regarding the development of preschoolers. The majority of students' screening results for gadget addiction fell into the low category (51%); similarly, the majority of children's screening results for growth and development are age-appropriate (61%), and parental knowledge of how to manage gadgets for kids has increased from 69.74 to 77.71.

Alkol Kullanım Bozukluğu Olan ve Olmayan Bireylerde Bağlanma Stilleri, Aile İşlevselliği ve Kontrol Odağının Karşılaştırılması

This study aims to examine the variables of attachment styles , family functioning, and locus of control in individuals with and without alcohol use disorder. The 54 participants, including 51 male and 3 females with alcohol use disorder between the ages of 18-60s were chosen from the outpatients of xx service, the attendants of xx meetings, and the people referred by them. The control group consisted of 60 participants who were similar to the study group in terms of age and gender variables, without alcohol use disorder and psychological disorder. Data were collected through a questionnaire including Sociodemographic Data Form, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised (ECR -R), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (LCS). In the results of the study, it was found that the participants with alcohol use disorder had a significantly higher ECR-R anxiety and avoidance score, and LCS score than the control group. Participants with the alcohol use disorder had a considerably lower FAD score than the control group. Finally, the effects of the applied scales on alcohol addiction are analyzed and it was concluded that the scores of FAD and LCS had a statistically significant effect on alcohol addiction. Accordingly, an increase in the FAD score by one unit reduces the alcohol addiction risk by %95, while an increase in the LCS score by one unit increases the alcohol addiction risk by %31.

Problematic Use of Internet Among Indonesia University Students: Psychometric Evaluation of Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form.

Social media addiction and internet gaming disorder may cause mental health problems among a minority of university students. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the 9-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF) are commonly used worldwide. However, they have not been translated or validated into Indonesian. The present study aimed to translate and validate the BSMAS and IGDS9-SF in an Indonesian context among young adults. A multi-center, web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 458 university students (74% female; mean age 22.5 years) in Indonesia from June to December 2021. The BSMAS and IGDS9-SF were translated into Indonesian. Internal consistency (using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω) and factor structure (using confirmatory factor analysis) of the two instruments were examined. Concurrent validity of BSMAS and IGDS9-SF was examined using their correlations with two external concepts: nomophobia and psychological distress. Internal consistency of the Indonesian BSMAS and IGDS9-SF were both acceptable (Cronbach's α=0.80 and 0.90; McDonald's ω=0.86 and 0.92). Both instruments were unidimensional with good factor loadings (0.54-0.78 for BSMAS; 0.63-0.79 for IGDS9-SF). Moreover, BSMAS and IGDS9-SF had stronger associations with nomophobia (r=0.58 and 0.12; p<0.001) than with psychological distress (r=0.43 and 0.15; p<0.001). The Indonesian versions of the BSMAS and IGDS9-SF had good psychometric properties in terms of linguistic validity, unidimensionality, and reliability. The findings indicate the tools are appropriate for assessing the risk of social media addiction and internet gaming disorder among university students in Indonesia.

Interventional procedures for refractory neuropathic pain

Neuropathic pain is an increasingly common disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Refractory pain poses a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, financial and economic stability, and social interaction. Numerous effective modalities for treatment of refractory neuropathic pain are presently available. Currently, many options provide symptomatic treatment but are associated with an unfavorable side effect profile and increased risk of addiction. The present investigation reviews current medical management for refractory neuropathic pain including the use of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, gabapentinoids and opioid therapy, as well as interventional pain procedures such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and intrathecal targeted drug delivery. While multidisciplinary management with lifestyle modification and pharmacologic regimens remains at the forefront of treating many of these patients, interventional modalities are growing in popularity and have been demonstrated to be highly efficacious. In this regard, continued understanding of the pathophysiology surrounding refractory neuropathic pain has led to the development of interventional procedures and better outcomes for patients suffering from refractory neuropathic pain. When and if patients fail conservative therapy, interventional techniques are desirable alternatives for pain management. SCS and intrathecal targeted drug delivery are important tools for the treatment of refractory neuropathic pain. In summary, treatment modalities for refractory neuropathic pain are evolving with demonstrated efficacy. This review aims to outline the efficacy of various interventional procedures for refractory neuropathic pain in comparison to traditional drug therapies.

Personality traits and the degree of work addiction among Polish women: the mediating role of depressiveness.

Workaholism is an addiction, however the obsessive-compulsive components alone may prove insufficient in determining its nature. The aim of the following study was to determine the mediating role of depressiveness in the relationships between workaholism and personality traits according to the five-factor model among Polish women. The research study was carried out among 556 women residing in the West Pomerania Voivodeship in Poland. The research was based on a survey performed using a questionnaire technique. The following research instruments adapted to Polish conditions were employed to assess the incidence of work addiction among female adults: The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), The Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) Questionnaire, and The Beck Depression Inventory-BDI I-II. A positive correlation between the intensity of neuroticism and the work addiction risk was revealed (β = 0.204, p < 0.001). A partial mediation (35%) with the severity of depression symptoms as a mediating factor was observed (β = 0.110, p < 0.001). Respondents characterized by high neuroticism showed a greater severity of the symptoms of depression (β = 0.482, p < 0.001), which is a factor increasing the work addiction risk (β = 0.228, p < 0.001). No effect of extraversion intensity on the work addiction risk was found (β = 0.068, p = 0.081). Respondents characterized by a high level of extraversion displayed lower severity of the symptoms of depression (β = -0.274, p < 0.001). A negative correlation between the intensity of agreeableness and the work addiction risk was revealed (β = -0.147, p < 0.001). A partial mediation (27.8%) was observed. A positive correlation between the intensity of conscientiousness and the work addiction risk was revealed (β = 0.082, p = 0.047). Respondents characterized by a high level of conscientiousness showed a lower severity of depression symptoms (β = -0.211, p < 0.001). Depressiveness plays the role of a mediator between neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness as well as conscientiousness, and work addiction. Depressiveness is a factor which increases the risk of work addiction.

A descriptive study of smoking behavior in school-aged children in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey

Background Adolescents face high pressure to participate in smoking behavior. The impact of smoking will not only affect the health of children and adolescents today, but also their later health status in adulthood. Children who start smoking at a young age are at higher risk of nicotine addiction than those who start in adulthood. Over time, this condition leads to continued cigarette consumption with age.&#x0D; Objective To describe smoking behavior in school-aged children in Indonesia.&#x0D; Methods This was a descriptive study using secondary data from The 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Indonesia. A sample of 7,582 school-aged children (13-15 years) was selected for this study. The study variables were age, sex, spending money, smoking status, age when they first started smoking, number of days of smoking within the last 30 days, average number of cigarettes per day, electric cigarette use, accessibility to electric cigarettes, and information source on electric cigarettes.&#x0D; Results The largest age group in this study was 14 years old (18.21%). Most subjects were female (57.49%). One-third (2,546 children; 33.57%) of the children have tried or experimented with cigarette smoking. Out of those, 722 children (9.52%) started smoking at the age of 12-13 years and 468 children (6.17%) consumed an average of 1 cigarette per day. Two-thirds of the children were already familiar with e-cigarettes (n=6,061 or 79.94%). The e-cigarettes were obtained from other people (8.16%) and information on e-cigarettes were mostly obtained from peers (8.19%).&#x0D; Conclusion a third of school-aged children in Indonesia have tried or experimented with cigarette smoking. Most of the information on cigarette smoking come from their peers.

Opioid, cannabinoid, cocaine, and methamphetamine epidemics: History, risk factors associated with them, and characteristics of drug action

In the last century, mankind has made significant progress in the search and study of new pain-relieving drugs through the targeted synthesis of chemical analogs of natural opioids, cannabinoids, cocaine, and amphetamines. Experience with the medical use of new synthetic opioids, cannabinoids, and amphetamines has shown not only their high analgesic efficacy but also their high danger because of the risks of drug dependence and addiction, which have caused drug epidemics. The paper described the history of relevant drug epidemics, and the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the most dangerous drugs, as well as the risks associated with drug epidemics, were outlined. Specifically, the risk of drug dependence to opioids, cannabinoids, amphetamine, and cocaine was not recognized until too late. Therefore, the drug crisis was initially largely iatrogenic. In recent decades, controls on the prescription of narcotic drugs have tightened; thus, drug addiction as iatrogeny occurs less frequently. However, criminal elements of society have established clandestine production of drugs and their realization in the youth and LGBT community disguising as new, fashionable designer drugs and devices for their use. Moreover, new synthetic drugs differ from natural drugs in their stronger psychostimulant effects, ability to cause addiction after the first use, and high risk of fatal poisoning. Thus far, no drugs were the treatment of opioid, cannabinoid, amphetamine, and cocaine abuse. However, the development of specific vaccines for these drugs has begun in recent years. Active immunization of drug abusers with specially created vaccines is expected to assist doctors in treating drug abusers in the future.

Incidence and Prevalence of Pain Medication Prescriptions in Pathologies with a Potential for Chronic Pain.

Heightened risks of dependence, addiction, anxiolytic effects, or prescription overdose death due to long-term use of pain medication have increased awareness about extended pain medication use in chronic pain populations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of pain medication prescriptions from 2012 to 2022 in common pathologies with a potential for chronic pain. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic health records from TriNetX (Cambridge, Massachusetts) Global Collaborative Network. For 10 distinct cohorts (total n = 9,357,584 patients), pain medication prescriptions were extracted for five classes, namely nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, opioids, gabapentinoids, neuropathic mood agents, and muscle relaxants. Annual incidence and prevalence of each class of medication were evaluated for the past 11 yr. From 2012 to 2022, there was a significant increase in prescriptions of NSAIDs, except for patients with fibromyalgia, and persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS) type 2. Interestingly, over time, prescriptions of opioids in patients with complex regional pain syndrome, endometriosis, osteoarthritis, and PSPS type 2 increased, as did prescriptions of muscle relaxants for all cohorts except those with fibromyalgia. Incidence of prescriptions of neuropathic mood agents is high for patients with complex regional pain syndrome (both types) and PSPS type 2. Only for benzodiazepines did there seem to be a decline over the years, with a significantly decreased time trend in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1, fibromyalgia, and PSPS type 2. During the last 11 yr, an increase in incidence of NSAIDs and acetaminophen, opioids, neuropathic agents, and muscle relaxants was observed. Only prescriptions of benzodiazepines significantly decreased over time in specific cohorts. Overall, patients with PSPS type 2 and complex regional pain syndrome (both types) consume a broad variety of pain medication classes.

Inclusion of Sex and Gender Differences in U.S. State Action Plans for Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: States have developed action plans to address the "opioid crisis" over the past several years. While sex- and gender-based differences have been identified in complications of opioid use, risks of addiction to opioids, barriers to treatment of opioid use disorder, and associated stigma, it is unknown if or to what extent opioid plans consider or account for these differences. The objectives of this study were to analyze U.S. state opioid action plans and their inclusion of sex- and gender-specific concerns. Methods: A content analysis of 49 state plans was conducted in June 2020, assessing their inclusion of 14 variables covering provider education, pregnancy-related, and sex- or gender-based differences in opioid addiction and treatment. Results: Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome was the most common variable, noted in 57% of plans. Only 14% included pregnancy-related stigma, and 4% identified gender-specific stigma. Contraceptives and family-planning were included in 12% and 10% of plans, respectively. Two states included more than half of the variables and five plans made no mention of sex or gender differences. Conclusions: Few state plans contained sex- or gender-specific information, and those that did focused almost exclusively on childbearing, excluding other unique considerations of opioid-using-women of all ages. The results of this study could improve the care of women using opioids by informing the strategies of state agencies and impacting legislative efforts for prevention initiatives, substance use disorder treatment, and law enforcement programs.

The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Social Media Addiction Among Teenagers in Indonesia

Body dissatisfaction and social media addiction are two psychological problems that are often experienced by teenagers. Body dissatisfaction is a psychological concept that refers to an individual's negative feelings towards his body. Several studies have shown that the higher level of body dissatisfaction, the higher the tendency of social media addiction in adolescents. Individuals tend to compare themselves with others through their appearance on social media, thereby reducing their appreciation of their own body shape and becoming more insecure. These conditions can affect a person's overall mental and physical health. This literature review aims to examine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media addiction among teenagers in Indonesia. This literature review was conducted using the keywords “body dissatisfaction AND social media addiction AND teenagers”. This article uses 28 articles that were used as references in its preparation. In conclusion, based on research conducted in various countries, including Indonesia, there is a significant relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media addiction among teenagers. Teenagers who are dissatisfied with their physical appearance tend to use social media more frequently, and excessive use of social media can increase the risk of both body dissatisfaction and social media addiction.

Cannabis: consumo, efectos y consideraciones sobre legalización y tratamiento

Cannabis is the most widely consumed illegal drug in the world and it has a major impact on physical and mental health. There are different risk factors that may increase the risk of addiction, such as frequency and duration of use as well as genetic, social, or environmental factors. It is known that cannabis is made up of different chemical compounds that bind to endocannabinoid system receptors in the body and are responsible for its multiple effects on the body. There are several disorders related to cannabis use in the DSM-5. The adverse health effects of cannabis may vary according to the amount used and individual susceptibility, but its negative effects on concentration, attention, and memory is well known. It also increases the risk of developing psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and it can even increase the risk of suicide. Treatment should be aimed at achieving abstinence, improving quality of life, and relapse prevention. The most effective treatment involves a combination of drug and psychological treatment.

Effects of the preference for acoustic stimuli on sleep quality

Since pharmacological treatment for sleep disorders has a risk of addiction, developments of non-pharmacological tools are needed. Colored-noise sounds characterized by the power spectrum, e.g., white, pink, brown, blue, and purple noises, are used in some non-pharmacological sleep aids. Former reports showed that white and pink noises were effective for sleep, however the mechanisms how such noises promote sleep remain unknown. In this study, we proposed a hypothesis that effects of colored noises are depending on participants' auditory impressions and examined how each participant's preference for the noises affected sleep-quality indices (the sleep latency and the duration of slow-wave sleep (SWS)). Sleep states of each participant were examined by EEG in three conditions: (i) listening the most preferred noise, (ii) listening the least preferred noise for each subject and (iii) no sound stimulation. Sleep experiments were started at 3:00 PM in a soundproof room and the stimulus began to be presented at lights-out and continued for 60 min. In results obtained, there were no significant differences in the sleep-quality indices among the three conditions. Since duration of the experiment may not be enough to observe the effect of the stimuli, further investigations are needed after reviewing the experimental conditions.

MINDFUL UX DESIGN IN INDUSTRY 4.0: MITIGATING ADDICTION AND ENHANCING USER WELL-BEING INSOCIAL MEDIA AND AI ENVIRONMENTS

The rapid advancements in technology under Industry 4.0 bring forth both opportunities and challenges, particularly in User Experience (UX) design in social media and Artificial Intelligence (AI) environments. This research paper explores these dichotomies, focusing primarily on the role of UX design in mitigating addiction and enhancing user well-being. In this paper, authors begin by exploring the historical evolution of UX design and its increasing importance in the context of technological progression. We then discuss the psychological impacts of UX design on users, drawing a parallel between addictive characteristics of social media platforms and AI-based systems, and the deterioration of user well-being. Recognizing the gravity of the situation, we delve into the concept of 'Responsible UX Design,' a design philosophy that focuses on developing interfaces and systems that foster positive user behaviour while minimizing the risk of digital addiction. Authors present a comprehensive analysis of current strategies, practices, and policies related to responsible UX design in Industry 4.0 and discuss how these could be evolved for future. Drawing on a wide range of case studies, user interviews, and psychological research, the paper provides actionable recommendations for businesses, policymakers, and UX designers. These recommendations promote responsible design practices, discourage addictive design patterns, and encourage user-centric design approaches that improve digital well-being. Additionally, this paper provides a critical review of the challenges and potential ethical considerations in implementing responsible UX design. It introduces the concept of 'Digital Ethics,' which requires organizations and designers to uphold user well-being as a primary consideration during the design process. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift towards responsible UX design, both as a moral obligation and as a competitive advantage in Industries 4.0. It advocates for an approach that balances user engagement with user well-being, and ensures that technological innovations enhance, rather than compromise, human lives. Unprecedented technical developments, including the fusion of social media platforms and artificial intelligence (AI), have been made possible by industry 4.0. User experience (UX) design now faces ethical and societal repercussions as a result of these developments. This paper provides a thorough examination of responsible UX design in Industry 4.0, with a particular emphasis on the growing usage of social media and AI tools. The research emphasizes the significance of ethical issues while examining recent information, trends, and best practices in UX design. Unprecedented technical developments, including the fusion of social media platforms and artificial intelligence (AI), have been made possible by industry 4.0. User experience (UX) design now faces ethical and societal repercussions as a result of these developments. This article provides a thorough examination of responsible UX design in Industry 4.0, with a particular emphasis on the growing usage of social media and AI tools. The research emphasizes the significance of ethical issues while examining recent information, trends, and best practices in UX design.

Harsh parenting and smartphone addiction: The mediating role of core self-evaluation and the moderating role of nature connectedness

The mechanisms underlying how and when harsh parenting increases the risk of smartphone addiction are far from being understood. Meanwhile, studies examining protective factors against the effects of harsh parenting on smartphone addiction are still scarce. In this study, a moderated mediation model was constructed to investigate the potential mechanisms behind the effect of harsh parenting on smartphone addiction, and highlight the possible protective role of core self-evaluation as a mediating variable and nature connectedness as a moderating variable in this relationship. The sample consisted of 1316 college students ranging in age between 18 and 23 years old (M = 18.96, SD = 1.54 years, 77.05% female) from two universities located in Central China. Participants completed questionnaires regarding demographics, harsh parenting, smartphone addiction, core self-evaluations, and connectedness to nature. Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the hypothesized model. After demographic covariates were controlled for, the results revealed that: (a) harsh parenting was positively associated with smartphone addiction; (b) core self-evaluations mediated the relationship between harsh parenting and smartphone addiction; and (c) nature connectedness could moderate the effect of harsh parenting on core self-evaluations. The findings of this work may help guide interventions to prevent smartphone addiction among college students. Implications for practice was discussed.