Adaptive Integration Research Articles

Density-Matrix Based Extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics.

Extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 123004] is presented for Hartree-Fock theory, where the extended electronic degrees of freedom are represented by a density matrix, including fractional occupation numbers at elevated electronic temperatures. In contrast to regular direct Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, no iterative self-consistent field optimization is required prior to the force evaluations. To sample regions of the potential energy landscape where the gap is small or vanishing, which leads to particular convergence problems in regular direct Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, an adaptive integration scheme for the extended electronic degrees of freedom is presented. The integration scheme is based on a tunable, low-rank approximation of a fourth-order kernel, [Formula: see text], that determines the metric tensor, [Formula: see text], used in the extended harmonic oscillator of the Lagrangian that generates the dynamics of the electronic degrees of freedom. The formulation and algorithms provide a general guide to implement extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics for quantum chemistry, density functional theory, and semiempirical methods using a density matrix formalism.

Adaptive Active Queue Management based on Queue Ratio of Set-point Weighting

Presently, active queue management (AQM) is one of the important considerations in communication networks. The challenge is to make it simple and robust in bursty traffic and uncertain network conditions. This paper proposes a new AQM scheme, an adaptive ratio proportional integral (ARPI), for adaptively controlling network congestion in dynamic network traffic conditions. First, AQM was designed by adding a set-point weighting structure to a proportional integral (PI) controller to reduce the burstiness of network traffic. Second, an adaptive set-point weighting based on the ratio of instantaneous queue length to the set-point queue and the buffer size was proposed to improve the robustness of a non-linear network. The proposed design integrate s the a forementioned expectations into one function and needs only one parameter change to adapt to fluctuating network condition . Hence, t his scheme provides lightweight computation and simple software and hardware implement ation . This approach was analyzed and compared with the PI AQM scheme. Evaluation results demonstrated that our proposed AQM can regulate queue length with a fast response , good stability under any traffic conditions , and small queuing delay .

Adaptive event integration in the missing element task

Evidence for adaptive event integration has previously been provided using the Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) task. However, it is not straightforward to generalize this finding to other types of tasks that measure temporal integration, because integration in such tasks is known to vary, depending on the method that is used. This variability has been seen as an indication that integration may result from more than a single type of perceptual persistence, and that different integration tasks may not tap into same type of persistence. Therefore, we investigated whether adaptive control of integration in the RSVP task can be replicated using another technique for measuring temporal integration, which may rely more on low-level mechanisms, namely the dot-array integration or Missing Element Task (MET). As in the RSVP studies, stimulus speed expectancy was presently manipulated. The results indicated that integration performance in the MET was not subject to adaptive control. We argue that this discrepancy with previous RSVP studies can most likely be attributed to a specific difference in the type of persistence underlying task performance. Temporal integration in the MET might rely mostly on visible persistence, while for the RSVP task integration relies more on informational persistence. The present findings suggest that, contrary to informational persistence, visible persistence may not be susceptible to adaptive control.

Adaptation to climate change–related ocean acidification: An adaptive governance approach

Climate change-driven ocean acidification (OA) is causing rapid change to global ecosystems and poses a significant threat to marine life. However, predicting ecosystem effects remains highly uncertain and governance responses to OA are not yet forthcoming. Adaptive governance can provide a means to deal with this uncertainty and we consider its application to the polycentric governance of adaptation responses to OA in Scotland, focussing on the aquaculture industry as a vulnerable sector. A workshop was used to develop potential responses to OA and to gain information about present and potential capacity for adaptive governance at national and regional levels. Scottish legislation, policy and planning documents were subsequently analysed to enable description of how governance and management arrangements constrain or enable adaptation responses. Legislative and policy analysis indicates convergence across emerging mechanisms in support of adaptive governance and identified interventions. Recent advances in climate change adaptation in Scotland promotes integration of adaptation into wider Scottish Government policy development and functions, based on iterative and collaborative processes across scales. Alongside this, new models of coastal and marine governance, including a partnership-led regional marine planning process and devolution of seabed management rights under Crown Estate Scotland, seek to advance new models of locally-led and learning-based planning and management which can support adaptation responses. However, adaptation measures at operational scale requires flexibility in the aquaculture licensing regime which is currently of low adaptive capacity. Further, expansion of the industry faces social and ecological constraints which limit spatial measures, and are complicated by uncertainty in predicting local OA effects. Expanding the use of holistic and co-operative management tools such as Aquaculture Management Areas could support adaptation across wider spatial scales. Better integration across policy and planning instruments is also needed to enhance adaptive capacity, including between climate change adaptation, marine planning and aquaculture planning and management. This could be enabled by establishing links between existing and proposed collaborative groups to enhance development of adaptation responses and through co-ordination of monitoring and review processes to promote learning across scales.

Neural network based adaptive rise control of tank gun systems

With the development of the all-electric fourth-generation tank, higher requirements have been put forward for the accuracy and response speed of tank gun control and the traditional tank gun system modeling methods and control strategies failed to meet the requirements. For this reason, a neural network based adaptive robust integral of the error sign (ARISE) control for tank gun system is proposed considering two-axis dynamic coupling and nonlinear friction characteristics. Firstly, a two-axis coupling nonlinear dynamic model of the tank gun system is established and a continuous static friction model is used to characterize the nonlinear friction characteristics of the system. Then, an adaptive law is designed based on the desired position instruction to realize the online update of unknown system parameters. In addition, the neural network is used to compensate other unmodeled dynamic errors and the influence of neural network approximation error is suppressed by the nonlinear integral robust control term. The stability analysis results show that the proposed neural network based adaptive robust integral of the sign of the error control strategy can obtain excellent asymptotic tracking performance, and the simulation results verify its effectiveness.

Climate change and maladaptive wing shortening in a long-distance migratory bird

Abstract Contemporary phenotypic trends associated with global change are widely documented, but whether such trends always denote trait optimization under changed conditions remains obscure. Natural selection has shaped the wings of long-distance migratory birds to minimize the costs of transport, and new optimal wing shapes could be promoted by migration patterns altered due to global change. Alternatively, wing shape could vary as a correlated response to selection on other traits favored in a changing environment, eventually moving away from the optimal shape for migration and increasing transport costs. Data from 20 yr of monitoring 2 Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) populations breeding in central Spain, where environmental conditions for breeding have deteriorated during recent decades due to increased summer drought, show that birds have reduced wing length relative to body size over the period 1995–2014. However, long-winged nightingales survived their first round-trip migration better, and the shorter the average wing length of individuals, the stronger the survival-associated natural selection favoring longer wings. Maladaptive short wings may have arisen because the mortality costs of migration are outweighed by reproductive benefits accrued by short-winged nightingales in these populations. Assuming that the phenotypic integration of morphological and reproductive adaptations of migratory birds has a genetic basis, we hypothesize that the maladaptive trend towards shorter wings may be a correlated response to selection for moderate breeding investment in drying habitat. Our results provide evidence that contemporary phenotypic change may deviate average trait values from their optima, thereby increasing our understanding of the ecological constraints underpinning adaptation to rapid global change.

HEP Analyses on Dynamically Allocated Opportunistic Computing Resources

The current experiments in high energy physics (HEP) have a huge data rate. To convert the measured data, an enormous number of computing resources is needed and will further increase with upgraded and newer experiments. To fulfill the ever-growing demand the allocation of additional, potentially only temporary available non-HEP dedicated resources is important. These so-called opportunistic resources cannot only be used for analyses in general but are also well-suited to cover the typical unpredictable peak demands for computing resources. For both use cases, the temporary availability of the opportunistic resources requires a dynamic allocation, integration, and management, while their heterogeneity requires optimization to maintain high resource utilization by allocating best matching resources. To find the best matching resources which should be allocated is challenging due to the unpredictable submission behavior as well as an ever-changing mixture of workflows with different requirements.Instead of predicting the best matching resource, we base our decisions on the utilization of resources. For this reason, we are developing the resource manager TARDIS (Transparent Adaptive Resource Dynamic Integration System) which manages and dynamically requests or releases resources. The decision of how many resources TARDIS has to request is implemented in COBalD (COBald - The Opportunistic Balancing Daemon) to ensure further allocation of well-used resources while reducing the amount of insufficiently used ones. TARDIS allocates and manages resources from various resource providers such as HPC centers or commercial and public clouds while ensuring a dynamic allocation and efficient utilization of these heterogeneous opportunistic resources.Furthermore, TARDIS integrates the allocated opportunistic resources into one overlay batch system which provides a single point of entry for all users. In order to provide the dedicated HEP software environment, we use virtualization and container technologies.In this contribution, we give an overview of the dynamic integration of opportunistic resources via TARDIS/COBalD in our HEP institute as well as how user analyses benefit from these additional resources.

4 Migration research and analysis: Growth, reach and recent contributions

4 Migration research and analysis: Growth, reach and recent contributions

Adaptation and integration of labour migrants from the EAEU in Russia on the example of migrants from Kyrgyzstan

The study of labour migrants from Kyrgyzstan, conducted by the author in Russia in 2017–2018, showed the limited character of integration of migrants from the EAEU. Only about a third of respondents do not want to obtain Russian citizenship, however, those who wish to acquire citizenship are mainly impelled not by the desire to settle in Russia, but by the convenience of staying and working in the country. The emergence of “glass walls”, built by Russians and migrants, and preventing migrants from full adaptation and subsequent integration into Russian society, gradually becomes the norm of life of the Russian society. The current insufficient conditions for integration and adaptation make it necessary and rational to revise Russia’s migration policy in relation of migrant workers from the EAEU in terms of elaboration, implementation and targeted funding of integrated adaptation and integration programs.

The behavior of vertically non-homogeneous elastic solids under internal rectangular loads

This paper examines the internal rectangular loading problems for an elastic halfspace where the shear modulus varies exponentially or linearly and the Poisson’s ratio keeps constant or varies linearly with depth. The numerical method is developed through applying the fundamental solution of layered elastic solids and integrating numerically it over the loading area. The adaptive integration of the displacement and traction integrals over the loading area is designed to calculate the nearly singular integral for the source point close to an element. The discretization approach is applied to deal with an arbitrarily depth-heterogeneous elastic solid. OpenMP directives are used to parallelize the internal loop, which controls element iterations so that a high computing speed can be obtained. For an axisymmetric internal loading problem, the displacements obtained with the present formulation are in a very good agreement with existing closed-form solutions. Finally, stresses and displacements in non-homogeneous halfspaces induced by horizontally and vertically uniform rectangular loadings are presented. Results illustrate the effect of non-homogeneous properties on the stress and displacement fields.

Is the negative always that bad? Or how emotion regulation and integration of negative memories can positively affect well-being.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether coherent integration of negative memories into the self could positively predict well-being over time, and whether certain emotion regulation strategies could facilitate this coherent integration. In turn, coherent integration of negative memories was expected to further facilitate adaptive emotion regulation strategies over time. A total of 303 participants took part in this longitudinal study. At Phase 1, they completed measures of emotion regulation and well-being. Three months later, they described the memory of the most negative event they experienced since Phase 1, and completed measures assessing its integration. One month later, participants completed the well-being measures again, and another month later, their emotion regulation was reassessed. Adaptive emotion regulation predicted adaptive memory integration, which in turn led to increases in well-being and adaptive emotion regulation. Contrariwise, the incapacity to adaptively regulate emotions predicted poor memory integration, which in turn led to decreases in well-being. The way people regulate their negative emotions acts as an individual difference influencing how negative memories are integrated into the self, which can in return alter well-being and emotion regulation capacity over time.

Implementation of adaptive integration method for free energy calculations in molecular systems.

Estimating free energy differences by computer simulation is useful for a wide variety of applications such as virtual screening for drug design and for understanding how amino acid mutations modify protein interactions. However, calculating free energy differences remains challenging and often requires extensive trial and error and very long simulation times in order to achieve converged results. Here, we present an implementation of the adaptive integration method (AIM). We tested our implementation on two molecular systems and compared results from AIM to those from a suite of other methods. The model systems tested here include calculating the solvation free energy of methane, and the free energy of mutating the peptide GAG to GVG. We show that AIM is more efficient than other tested methods for these systems, that is, AIM results converge to a higher level of accuracy and precision for a given simulation time.

Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations in geodetic science using adaptive Gauss numerical integration method

In this paper a new method of numerically solving ordinary differential equations is presented. This method is based on the Gaussian numerical integration of different orders. Using two different orders for numerical integration, an adaptive method is derived. Any other numerical solver for ordinary differential equations can be used alongside this method. For instance, Runge–Kutta and Adams–Bashforth–Moulton methods are used together with this new adaptive method. This method is fast, stable, consistent, and suitable for very high accuracies. The accuracy of this method is always higher than the method used alongside with it. Two applications of this method are presented in the field of satellite geodesy. In the first application, for different time periods and sampling rates (increments of time), it is shown that the orbit determined by the new method is—with respect to the Keplerian motion—at least 6 and 25,000,000 times more accurate than, respectively, Runge–Kutta and Adams–Bashforth–Moulton methods of the same degree and absolute tolerance. In the second application, a real orbit propagation problem is discussed for the GRACE satellites. The orbit is propagated by the new numerical solver, using perturbed satellite motion equations up to degree 280. The results are compared with another independent method, the Unscented Kalman Filter. It is shown that the orbit propagated by the numerical solver is approximately 50 times more accurate than the one propagated by the Unscented Kalman Filter approach.

Creating positive synergies between risk management and transfer to accelerate food system climate resilience

Climate change will significantly impact the future viability and security of food production systems, with increased frequency and intensity of droughts, floods, storms and other extreme climatic events predicted in many regions. In order for food production systems to remain viable and resilient under a changing climate, novel approaches, which integrate risk management (i.e. adaptation) and risk transfer strategies, such as insurance, are required. We argue that the coordinated integration of risk management and risk transfer approaches will support greater resilience of food production systems under climate change. Conversely, if risk management and risk transfer strategies are not carefully integrated, there is potential to undermine adaptive capacity (e.g. insurance subsidies may dissuade farmers from investing in climate adaptation) and ultimately reduce the capacity of food production systems to cope with and recover from the adverse impacts of climate change. Here we propose a resilience-based conceptual framework for integrating risk management and risk transfer strategies along with four key principles, which we believe could underlie their successful integration and thus enhance food production system resilience under climate change. These are as follows: (1) pro-active investments in farmer climate adaptation rather than re-active disaster relief, (2) structuring of government subsidies around insurance and climate disaster relief to incentivise farmer climate adaptation, (3) rewarding farmer efforts towards climate adaptation with cheaper insurance premiums for those farmers that invest resources into climate adaptation and (4) recognising investments in the integration of farm climate adaptation and risk transfer schemes within the broader context of future climate disaster risk management and global food security. Such an integrated investment approach could substantially reduce future economic losses for farmers while also enhancing food security under climate change.

Near-Real-Time Forecast of Satellite-Based Soil Moisture Using Long Short-Term Memory with an Adaptive Data Integration Kernel

AbstractNowcasts, or near-real-time (NRT) forecasts, of soil moisture based on the Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission could provide substantial value for a range of applications including hazards monitoring and agricultural planning. To provide such a NRT forecast with high fidelity, we enhanced a time series deep learning architecture, long short-term memory (LSTM), with a novel data integration (DI) kernel to assimilate the most recent SMAP observations as soon as they become available. The kernel is adaptive in that it can accommodate irregular observational schedules. Testing over the CONUS, this NRT forecast product showcases predictions with unprecedented accuracy when evaluated against subsequent SMAP retrievals. It showed smaller error than NRT forecasts reported in the literature, especially at longer forecast latency. The comparative advantage was due to LSTM’s structural improvements, as well as its ability to utilize more input variables and more training data. The DI-LSTM was compared to the original LSTM model that runs without data integration, referred to as the projection model here. We found that the DI procedure removed the autocorrelated effects of forcing errors and errors due to processes not represented in the inputs, for example, irrigation and floodplain/lake inundation, as well as mismatches due to unseen forcing conditions. The effects of this purely data-driven DI kernel are discussed for the first time in the geosciences. Furthermore, this work presents an upper-bound estimate for the random component of the SMAP retrieval error.

Performance Optimization of the MIMO-OFDM Based Adaptive Cognitive Radio System using a Hybrid Channel Access Scheme

The cognitive radio is a promising candidate to resolve the issues created due to the spectrum scarcity in wireless communication. The main motive of CR technology is to create communication opportunities by sensing and learning from the external environment thereby improving the spectrum usage efficiency. The integration of the link adaptation, MIMO-OFDM with CR technology gives the utmost performance. In this treatise, we propose the hybrid channel access (interweave-underlay) scheme for the MIMO-OFDM based adaptive CR system. We have investigated the performance of the CR system under a hybrid channel access (interweave-underlay) scheme as well as underlay channel access scheme. We consider the binary stochastic model to reflect the primary user (PU) activities. The performance is evaluated with different channel detection probabilities under perfect as well as imperfect (false alarm) spectrum sensing environment. The result shows the significant improvement in the throughput of the system in proportion with the higher-quality channel detection probability with perfect spectrum sensing. This exploits the hybrid channel access scheme as one of the techniques to optimize the performance of the system. This signifies the importance of the optimum channel sensing and its selection in improving the performance of the system. To show the performance improvement of the CR system using hybrid channel access scheme we have compared it with the performance of the CR system based on the conventional underlay channel access scheme. The proposed scheme can be used to improve the performance of the entire CR network.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSIVE VALUES IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT

Abstract. The article highlights the main approaches to actualizing the introduction of inclusive values into the educational environment of a higher education institution. It analyzes modern research, which shows the steady growth of scientific interest in creating an inclusive educational environment in higher education institutions and describes the conditions for successful social integration and inclusion of persons with special needs. The effectiveness of education of children with special educational needs in the context of inclusion depends to a large extent on the quality of training of the future specialist of inclusive education. It is stated that the latest principles of European programs and educational practices of teaching and socialization of young people with special educational needs contribute to the successful adaptation and social integration of students with disabilities. The article justifies creation of educational and scientific inclusive education development Centers in higher education institutions in order to solve the problem of professional training of specialists of inclusive education, with the special attention being paid to the tasks and realization of directions of activities envisaged by the project. It characterizes the current practical state of education, where the main focus in the institutions of higher education professional training is on the specialties of «educator’s assistant» and «teacher’s assistant», therefore university must have training of specialists who would have universal knowledge and skills sufficient to accompany children with special educational needs in an inclusive environment. It shows the key aspects of the problem, which is exacerbated by the contradictions between the requirements of today’s socially successful young people and the lack of opportunities for those with special educational needs. Due to the conducted questionnaire it was possible to analyze the university teachers’ attitude to the study of students with special educational needs. It has been confirmed that the overwhelming majority of teachers are positive about the study of «special» students at the university taking into account the personal potential of the person as well as educational and social infrastructure and solve tasks aimed at socialization of the person with disabilities, which contributes to the successful adaptation of this category in the educational environment.

Verificação da estrutura fatorial e invariância da medida de cultura organizacional em funcionários de uma IES pública no Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil

A Cultura Organizacional é um construto de fundamental importância para os gestores nas organizações. Pois, de maneira geral ela orienta a adoção de comportamentos pelo funcionário da instituição. Este construto pode ser compreendido como um modelo de pressupostos básicos que determinados grupos criam, descobrem, ou desenvolvem durante o processo de aprendizagem para lidar com os problemas de adaptação externa e integração interna no ambiente de trabalho. No presente estudo pretendeu-se avaliar as características psicométricas do instrumento brasileiro para avaliação da cultura organizacional em trabalhadores de uma instituição de ensino superior pública. Foram coletados dados com 492 servidores, 54% eram homens, de 21 a 69 anos (Média = 44,42; dp = 10,87), 54% casados e tempo de serviço médio de 10,74 anos. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais com auxílio do SPSS e do AMOS.21. Os resultados apontaram índices satisfatórios de acordo com a literatura vigente, para a referida medida no contexto do presente estudo.

An enhanced explicit time-marching technique for wave propagation analysis considering adaptive time integrators

In this work, a novel family of explicit time marching techniques is proposed for wave propagation analyses. The main features of the new approach are: (i) the family is based only on single-step displacement–velocity relations, being very simple to implement; (ii) as usual in explicit analyses, it requires no system of equations to be dealt with, being very efficient; (iii) it is truly self-starting; (iv) it is second-order accurate; (v) it enables advanced controllable algorithmic dissipation in the higher modes; (vi) it is locally defined and based on adaptive time integrators, allowing enhanced accuracy to be obtained; (vii) it is function of the adopted temporal and spatial discretizations, as well as of the properties of the model and computed responses, establishing a link between these features; (viii) it is entirely automated, requiring no expertise from the user; (ix) it stands as an adaptive non-iterative approach, further improving its efficiency; (x) it is conditionally stable and its stability limit is twice that of the Central Difference Method; (xi) the stability limit of the method remains unaltered, despite the introduction of dissipation. The proposed technique is very versatile and effective, providing the main positive attributes that are requested from an efficacious explicit time marching procedure. Numerical results are presented at the end of the manuscript, illustrating the excellent performance of the novel methodology.

The role of organizational culture in the implementation of the strategic change management mechanism at the enterprise

Introduction. The study presents the identification of the place of organizational culture in the paradigm of modern management, which solves the practical problem of optimizing the mechanism of strategic change management at the enter-prise. The purpose of the article is to solve the practical problem of optimizing the mechanism of strategic change manage-ment at the enterprise in the paradigm of modern management. Results. The place of organizational culture in the mechanism of change management as a component of indirect fac-tors of influence of a strategic direction is defined. The essence of organizational culture is revealed through such compo-nents as a set of techniques and rules for solving problems of external adaptation and internal integration of employees, a set of the most important assumptions, a complex set of assumptions, a set of provisions, a set of basic beliefs, complex composi-tion of different assumptions and preconditions. The system-forming elements of organizational culture are considered: behavioral components, moral and ethical components, cognitive components, material components. Global and local goals of organizational culture formation, as well as tools for their implementation are identified. The relevance of adjusting the mission of the enterprise in accordance with the principles of social responsibility, which includes elements of external and internal corporate strategy. Conclusions. The peculiarities of the implementation of the organizational culture paradigm in the business envi-ronment of Ukraine are revealed, taking into account such characteristics as: legal nihilism, which led to the deformation of legal consciousness; attitude to the costs associated with the formation and maintenance of elements of organizational culture as unproductive; low level of awareness of the business role in social processes; uneven consideration of stakeholders inter-ests, lack of management skills in organizational culture in small and medium enterprises managers. Key words: organizational culture, strategic management, management mechanism, social responsibility of business.