Adaptive Measurement Research Articles

Simulating the effects of optimizing sowing date and variety shift on maize production at finer scale in northeast China under future climate.

Global warming and the rising occurrences of climate extremes have become formidable challenges for maize production in northeast China. The optimization of sowing date and variety choice stand out as two economic approaches for maize to enhance its resilience to climate change. Nevertheless, assessment of the potential of optimizing sowing date and variety shift on maize yield at finer scale remains underexamined. This study investigated the implications of optimizing sowing date and implementing variety shift on maize yield from a regional perspective. Compared to the reference period (1986-2005), climate change would decrease by 11.5-34.6% (the range describes the differences among climate scenarios and agro-ecological regions) maize yield in the 2050s (2040-2059) if no adaption measure were to be implemented. The combined adaption (optimizing sowing date and variety shift) can improve maize yield by 38.8 ± 11.3%, 42.7 ± 9.7% and 33.9 ± 7.6% under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively. The current sowing window typically falls within the projected optimal sowing window, defined as the period capable of achieving 90% of the maximum yield within the potential sowing window under future climate conditions. Consequently, the potential of the effect of optimizing sowing window on maize yield is limited. In contrast, variety shift results in higher yield improvement, as temperature rise creates favorable conditions for transplanting varieties with an extended growth period, particularly in high latitudes and mountainous regions. Under future climate, cumulative precipitation and compound drought and hot days during maize growing seasons are two key factors influencing maize production. The optimization of sowing date and variety choice can improve maize yield in northeast China. In addition, maize production should consider varieties with longer growth period and drought and heat tolerance to adapt to climate change. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Nano Urea Fertilization for More Wheat Yield Under North Western Plains Zone for Irrigated Conditions Assessed by AMMI and BLUP Analysis

Highly significant variations due to treatments, locations and TxL interactions were observed for wheat yield by analysis of variance during field evaluation of nano urea formulations at number of locations in the north western plans zone of the country. First component of AMMI analysis shared of about 51.3% while second accounted for 29.9%. Significant variations due to locations, TxL interactions and treatments effects were observed for thousands grains weight. Around 82.9% of the interaction effects accounted by two significant components while total of significant components were up to 96.9%. Maximum yield was observed at Karnal followed by Hisar more over maximum yield for 56.1 was expressed by T3 treatment. ASV1 & ASV measures based on 81.3% of interaction effects selected T5, T8 and T8, T5 treatments. Average of thousands grains weight found T3, T8, T9 treatments as suitable for maximum realization and as per MASV1 and MASV settled T6, T2 treatments for thousands grains weight. Adaptability measures corresponding to BLUP estimates of yield i.e. PRVG, PRVG*Gu, HMPRVG*Gu, HMPRVG measures found T3, T4, T2 treatments for yield. Superiority index measures considering average thousands grains weight and stability in 65 and 35 ratios for weighted average settled for T3, T7, T8 treatments formulation of nano urea in the study. Biplot analysis observed Pantnagar center had expressed strong bondage with superiority index measures while considering mean, GAI and HM of treatments based on fixed and random effects of treatments. WAASB, W3, W2, W5 had maintained direct association with MASV, MASV1 on right hand side and with ASV1, W1, IPC4 on left side for yield. Treatments T13, T5 and T4 would express unstable yield as compared to T11, T6, T7 placed near to origin of biplot analysis. Thousands grains weight found that Karnal, Hisar centers with IPV2 formed the first cluster while Gurdaspur with Gwalior joined hands with superiority index measures in second cluster of biplot analysis. Next cluster was of adaptability measures PRVG, HMPRVG, PRVG*Gu, HMPRVG*Gu, mean, GAI, HM with Jammu, Delhi and Ludhiana centres. Next cluster of IPC4, IPC6 with Pantnagar observed near to large cluster of adaptability measures PRVG, HMPRVG, PRVG*Gu, HMPRVG*Gu.

Adipose knockout of H-ferritin improves energy metabolism in mice

ObjectiveFerritin, the principal iron storage protein, is essential to iron homeostasis. How iron homeostasis affects the adipose tissue is not well understood. We investigated the role of ferritin heavy chain in adipocytes in energy metabolism. MethodsWe generated adipocyte-specific ferritin heavy chain (Fth, also known as Fth1) knockout mice, herein referred to as FthAKO. These mice were analyzed for iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis and activity, adaptive thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic measurements. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts and primary mouse adipocytes were used for in vitro experiments. ResultsIn FthAKO mice, the adipose iron homeostasis was disrupted, accompanied by elevated expression of adipokines, dramatically induced heme oxygenase 1(Hmox1) expression, and a notable decrease in the mitochondrial ROS level. Cytosolic ROS elevation in the adipose tissue of FthAKO mice was very mild, and we only observed this in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) but not in the white adipose tissue (WAT). FthAKO mice presented an altered metabolic profile and showed increased insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and improved adaptive thermogenesis. Interestingly, loss of ferritin resulted in enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity and a preference for lipid metabolism. ConclusionsThese findings indicate that ferritin in adipocytes is indispensable to intracellular iron homeostasis and regulates systemic lipid and glucose metabolism.

Sustainability Assessment of Two Farming Systems

Objective: Assess the sustainability of two agricultural production systems (native maize and improved maize) by applying the MESMIS methodology
 Design/methodology/approach: Knowing the social, economic and environmental factors that make up the production systems in the municipality of Jilotepec, State of Mexico, as well as their forms of management, allow us to develop strategies for sustainable rural development. The study contemplated at 30 production systems and compared the level of sustainability between producers of native maize and improved maize. The collection of information in the field was carried out in September 2022 and consisted of participatory workshops, semi-structured interviews and surveys; this information was complemented by soil sampling to analyze fertility
 Results: The two systems studied have high costs of agricultural production and high dependence on external inputs, especially those using improved maize. Most systems depend on external economic income. Agriculture is increasingly exposed to the conditions of drought and changes in rainfall regimes, in this situation having livestock becomes an important economic support. Changing climate conditions are forcing people to implement adaptability measures. Regionally the soil is fertile and suitable for corn cultivation. The perception of happiness of the inhabitants interviewed is high, they consider that the quality of life is good and therefore do not migrate
 Findings/conclusions: The present study is the result of the integrated analysis of several methodologies used in the measurement of sustainability indicators.

A novel adaptive safe semi-supervised learning framework for pattern extraction and classification

<p>Manifold regularization semi-supervised learning is a powerful graph-based semi-supervised learning method. However, the performance of semi-supervised learning methods based on manifold regularization depends to some extent on the quality of the manifold graph and unlabeled samples. Intuitively speaking, the quality of the graph directly affects the final classification performance of the model. In response to the above problems, this paper first proposed an adaptive safety semi-supervised learning framework. The framework implements the weight assignment of the self-similarity graph during the model learning process. In order to adapt to the learning needs, accelerate the learning speed, and avoid the impact of the curse of dimensionality, the framework also optimizes the features of each sample point through an automatic weighting mechanism to extract effective features and eliminate redundant information in the learning task. In addition, the framework defines an adaptive risk measurement mechanism for the uncertainty and potential risks of unlabeled samples to determine the degree of risk of unlabeled samples. Finally, a new adaptive safe semi-supervised extreme learning machine was proposed. Comprehensive experimental results across various class imbalance scenarios demonstrated that our proposed method outperforms other methods in terms of classification accuracy, and other critical performance metrics.</p>

Determinants of Health Expenditure during Extreme Climate Events: An Ex-post Analysis of Households in Rural Odisha of India

This study is an ex-post analysis of household health expenditure for rural India in the presence of climate shock. Primary data from Odisha state, located on the east coast of India, are collected for empirical analysis. We have also used information from focus group discussions at the village level and the primary data. Further, an adaptive response measure is created to understand household spending behaviour on health better. Econometric techniques such as regression and propensity score matching explain sample households’ ex-post-health spending behaviour. Our findings indicate that mitigation and adaptation strategies must be heterogeneous among villages classified as near or far from the coast. Social status matters in the health spending behaviour of households. Hence, a particular focus must be given to socially backward castes or classes in designing health policies and information at the state and national levels. JEL Codes: D31, I18, Q54, Q56

Longitudinal follow-up of metformin treatment in Fragile X Syndrome.

Metformin has been used as a targeted treatment to potentially improve cognition and slow the typical IQ decline that occurs during development among individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). In this follow-up study, we are following the trajectory of IQ and adaptive behavior changes over 1 to 3 years in individuals with FXS who are clinically treated with metformin in an open label trial. Individuals with FXS ages 6 to 25 years (mean 13.15 ± 5.50) and nonverbal IQ mean 57.69 (±15.46) were treated for 1-3 years (1.88 ± 0.63). They all had a baseline IQ test using the Leiter-III non-verbal cognitive assessment and the Vineland-III adaptive behavior assessment before the start of metformin. Repeat Leiter-III and Vineland-III were completed after at least 1 year of metformin (500-1,000 mg/dose given twice a day). There were no significant changes in non-verbal IQ or in the adaptive behavior measurements at FDR < 0.05. The findings thus far indicate that both IQ and adaptive behavior are stable over time, and we did not see a significant decline in either measure. Overall, the small sample size and short follow-up duration limit the interpretation of the effects of metformin on cognitive development and adaptive functioning. There is individual variability but overall for the group there was no significant decline in IQ or adaptive behavior.

Analysis of the relation between facial asymmetry and users' preference between standard versus customized inset progressive addition lenses

Aims/Purpose: User adaptation to progressive addition lenses (PALs) wear requires accurate facial measurements, mainly naso or interpupillary distances, usually measured with a frame ruler. But facial asymmetries are usually ignored. Measurement of foveal fixation axis (FFA) ‐the line linking directly the fixation point and the fovea‐ allows precise facial asymmetry assessment. This study aimed to compare users' preference between standard versus customized inset PALs in patients with and without facial asymmetry according to their FFA measurement.Methods: A crossed, double blind, randomized study was conducted. Participants were classified according to previous experience with PALs (neophytes, PALs users, dropout, and uncomfortable PALs users) and with (&gt;1.0 mm) or without (≤1.0 mm) facial asymmetry. After a complete eye test, two different PALs (LifeStyle 3i, Hoya) were prescribed in a randomized and masked order (2.5 mm standard inset and FFA customized inset PALs). PAL users' preference between both lenses was collected (subjective opinion) after 30 days of wear. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26 (Chicago, USA). ANOVA was used to compare different groups and Chi‐square was used to analyse the frequency of choice of both PALs.Results: 71 participants (37 women and 34 men) were included. 49 with FFA asymmetry; 56% of them (95%CI 42–71%) preferred customized inset lens (Figure 1) (p = 0.05), in dropout group 67% (95%CI 33–100%). No differences (p &gt; 0.05) in clinical parameters were found between patients with or without FFA asymmetry.Conclusions: Participants with FFA asymmetry preferred customized inset lens, especially dropout patients. Facial asymmetry could be a relevant factor in PALs adaptation and FFA measurement could improve users' satisfaction with customized PALs in patients with facial asymmetry.FIGURE 1 (Left). PALs choice according to the patients' facial asymmetry. (Right). PALs choice according to the patients previous use of PALs.imageFIGURE 1 (Left). PALs choice according to the patients' facial asymmetry. (Right). PALs choice according to the patients previous use of PALs.

Ecological selection of winter wheat as a measure of adaptation to climate change

Ecological selection of winter wheat as a measure of adaptation to climate change

Estimated effects of climate variability on agricultural production in Colombia

The objectives of this document are to assess the impact of climate variability on agricultural production in Colombiaand identify the effectiveness of irrigation districts as an adaptation measure. For the analysis, a panel ofmultidimensional data with random effects was used to estimate the effect on crops reported in 1,101 Colombianmunicipalities, between 2007 and 2017. Two variables were taken as climatic shocks: the sum of the absolute differencesin the monthly precipitation compared to its historical mean and the average of the differences in the monthlytemperature with respect to its historical average. The interaction between irrigation districts and rainfall levels was usedas an adaptability variable. The results indicate that the three-dimensional data panel model presented in this papershowed great applicability despite its low use and the small number of documents that exist on climate effects onagricultural production. The main conclusions are that temperature increases lead to decreases in agricultural productionand that irrigation districts as a measure of adaptation to climate variability do not appear to have a significant impact tocounteract it. We found that practices such as the use of shades could influence the reduction of temperatures locally.Similarly, it is necessary to analyses the impact of measures that mitigate the effects associated with changes intemperature rather than those related to the precipitation regime.

Сирийская экономика и санкции: ситуативная адаптация

War, loss of control over part of the territory, and economic sanctions have had a devastating effect on Syria’s economy. However, the country has managed to survive. This has been possible in part due to the measures of the Syrian government, private business, and the population to resist and adapt to economic sanctions. The adaptation strategy had not been planned, and the measures the state, private business, and the population have taken were not coordinated, unlike, for example, in Iran’s case, where strategies are developed and then announced based on future economic risks. Because of this, this strategy of counteraction and adaptation to economic sanctions may be termed as adaptive. The most serious economic sanctions on the Syrian economy have been imposed by the US, the EU, and the League of Arab States. They have restricted Syrian access to goods, technology, financial instruments and products, investments, and even in some cases humanitarian aid from the countries that initiated the sanctions. It is a very difficult task to identify the real Syrian losses caused by the economic sanctions, but it can be accurately asserted, based on the analysis in this article, that they do not allow the country to move forward to the recovery phase. State measures of adaptation to economic sanctions were supposed to become a buffer that would allow the national economy not only to survive, but also to move from stagnation to economic growth. However, it has to be stated that the situational strategy of adaptation to economic sanctions allowed the national economy to remain in a viable state, however, it does not allow it to move from recession to growth.

Priority measures of adaptation to climate change in the viticulture sector in Serbia

Priority measures of adaptation to climate change in the viticulture sector in Serbia

INVESTIGATING THE DEPENDENCIES OF ROTARY GAS METERS ERROR ON FLOWRATE FOR DESIGNING THE ADAPTIVE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

In this paper, the error of gas flowrate measured by rotary gas meters was investigated based on the results of experimental studies of the metrological characteristics of rotary gas meters obtained during their periodic metrological inspection. According to the results of statistical processing of rotary gas meters errors obtained during their metrological verification, the averaged errors for each verified flowrate were determined. In this way, the dependencies of the averaged meter error on the measured flowrate for various types of rotary gas meters were obtained. For each obtained dependence, the root mean square deviation of the averaged error was calculated, which confirms the adequacy of the obtained dependencies. To evaluate the integral systematic error of meters of each individual type over a long period of operation, the average weighted error was determined according to DSTU OIML R 137-1-2:2018, as well as theaverage measurement error of gas volume during the year according to the methodology proposed by the authors. The presence of the dependencies of gas meter error on the measured value of the flowrate makes it possible to isolate the unexcluded systematic error for every measured flowrate. The implementation of such a dependence in the flowrate computing software makes it possible to develop an adaptive system for measuring gas flowrate and volume, which corrects the measured value of the flowrate considering the unexcluded systematic error of the flowrate measurement. By integrating the systematic error of flowrate measurement in such a system, an archive of the systematic errors of gas volume is formed. The presence of gas volume systematic errors in the computer archive makes it possible to analyze this error and develop measures to eliminate it. Keywords: rotary gas meter, gas flowrate, systematic error, metrological verification, adaptive measurement system

Suwerenność narodu podczas pandemii COVID-19. Wnioski z doświadczeń państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Wybory parlamentarne i samorządowe w cieniu koronawirusa

The coronavirus crisis led to severe restrictions of numerous fundamental rights almost globally, amongst which the right to vote was also concerned. Our research article aims to integrate the experience of the Visegrád region into the emerging strand of international legal scholarship from the long-term impact of the public health emergency on electoral frameworks. Based on a research collaboration funded by the International Visegrád Fund, the study presents the adaptative measures implemented by the four Visegrád countries to hold national or municipal elections in the shadow of the global pandemic, and contextualizes these interventions in the light of the global electoral tendencies. Finally, based on our research, the expected features of post-COVID electoral frameworks in the Visegrád region were also provided. Alternative electoral regimes are discussed for the promotion of flexibility and resilience, which are grounded on the combined elements of the traditional voting system, on additional public health requirements, and also on the extensive application of postal- and electronic voting.

A Covariance Matching-Based Adaptive Measurement Differencing Kalman Filter for INS’s Error Compensation

In this study, a covariance matching-based adaptive measurement differencing Kalman filter (AMDKF) for the case of time-correlated measurement errors is proposed. The solution to the state estimation problem involves deriving a filter that accounts for measurement differences. Specifically, the measurement noise in the generated measurements is assumed to be correlated with the process noise. To address this issue in the context of correlated process and measurement noise, we propose an adaptive measurement differencing Kalman filter that is robust to measurement faults. We also evaluate the robustness of the suggested AMDKF through an analysis. When noise increment type sensor faults are present in the time-correlated inertial navigation systems (INS) measurements, the states of a multi-input/output aircraft model were estimated using both the previously developed measurement differencing Kalman filter (MDKF) and the suggested AMDKF and the results were compared.

The Role of Big Data Analysis in Enterprise Transformation: Evidence from Taobao and Alibaba

In the context of information digitization, big data's ascendancy has profoundly impacted industries, especially e-commerce, ushering in a new era of data-driven transformation. The motivation for this research arises from understanding how pivotal big data analytics is in reshaping enterprise functionalities. Utilizing a ten-fold literature analysis, this study explores the interdependent relationship between the Taobao platform and the expansive Alibaba database. The investigation reveals that through big data, Taobao has fine-tuned its strategies, enabling large-scale personalization, accurate market forecasting, and the enhancement of supplier relationships. Such adaptative measures have not only solidified Taobao's market position but have also charted a course for enterprises seeking to harness the full potential of big data. The revelations from this study are seminal, emphasizing that in today's digital milieu, leveraging big data analytics is less of a luxury and more of a necessity for sustainable enterprise growth.

Air quality and health co-benefits of vehicle electrification and emission controls in the most populated United States urban hubs: Insights from New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston

Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) is a prominent strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, given the complexity of atmospheric chemistry, the nuanced implications on air quality are yet to be fully understood. Our study delved into changes in PM2.5, ozone, and their associated precursors in major US urban areas, considering various electrification and mitigation scenarios. In the full electrification (FullE) scenario, PM2.5 reduction peaked at values between 0.34 and 2.29 μg.m−3 across distinct regions. Yet, certain areas in eastern Los Angeles exhibited a surprising uptick in PM2.5, reaching as much as 0.67 μg.m−3. This phenomenon was linked to a surge in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), resulting from shifting NOx/VOCs (volatile organic compounds) dynamics and a spike in hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations. The FullE scenario ushered in marked reductions in both NOx and maximum daily average 8-h (MDA8) ozone concentrations, with maximum levels ranging from 14.00 to 32.34 ppb and 2.58–9.58 ppb, respectively. However, certain instances revealed growths in MDA8 ozone concentrations, underscoring the intricacies of air quality management. From a health perspective, in the FullE scenario, New York, Chicago, and Houston stand to potentially avert 796, 328, and 157 premature deaths/month, respectively. Los Angeles could prevent 104 premature deaths/month in the HighE-BL scenario, representing a 29 % EV share for light-duty vehicles. However, the FullE scenario led to a rise in mortality in Los Angeles due to increased PM2.5 and MDA8 ozone levels. Economically, the FullE scenario projects health benefits amounting to 51–249 million $/day for New York, Chicago, and Houston. In contrast, Los Angeles may face economic downturns of up to 18 million $/day. In conclusion, while EV integration has the potential to improve urban air quality, offering substantial health and economic advantages, challenges persist. Our results emphasize the pivotal role of VOCs management, providing policymakers with insights for adaptable and efficient measures.

Priority areas for the development of field fodder production in view of the climate crisis

This article covers the topical issue of the general impact of climate change on Ukrainian agriculture and on the field fodder production industry specifically, as well as the problems of adapting agriculture to modern environmental conditions. The authors set out to substantiate promising ways of developing modern field fodder production considering climate change. For this, the study employed the abstract-logical method, system analysis, methods of systematisation and classification, and a range of economic and statistical research methods (comparison, series of dynamics, method of structural groupings). Both negative and positive manifestations of the climate crisis in crop production were highlighted, and possible measures to counteract risks and ways to use potential opportunities to develop field fodder production given the impact of climate change were systematised. Particular attention was paid to the global practices of agriculture in the face of climate change, namely, the components of a climate-smart crop production system. The study also described the main promising measures of adaptation of field fodder production to climate change: irrigation of agricultural land, arrangement of snow retention systems in the fields, rainwater harvesting, selection and introduction of new varieties of fodder crops, effective crop rotation, increase in sowing of drought-resistant fodder crops, optimisation of agricultural technologies to reduce losses of fodder crops at the stages of harvesting and storage, application of organic farming, the latest soil fertilisation technologies and the use of nanotechnology in soil cultivation. The findings of this study can be used by managers of specific agricultural enterprises, as well as by advisory services and government agencies in the field of agricultural policy implementation.

Naive Bayes Augmented with Genetic Algorithm: Feature Reduction Approach for Effective Cyber Attack Detection

This study examines the application of a Naive Bayes approach augmented with a genetic algorithm for the purpose of cyber intrusion detection. Being able to quickly adapt to the complex and variable nature of cyber-attacks, this approach offers an innovative solution, especially in feature reduction and data classification. The genetic algorithm is employed to identify the most optimal characteristics from the data sets, while the Naive Bayes classifier is utilised to detect cyber-attacks based on these features. Empirical examinations and evaluations have demonstrated that this comprehensive methodology yields superior precision rates and reduced rates of false positives compared to conventional techniques for detecting cyber intrusions. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of creating more efficient and adaptable measures in the realm of cyber security, particularly in light of the constantly evolving and unpredictable nature of threats.

Dimensions of cultural sustainability—Local adaptation, adaptive capacity and social resilience

Cultural sustainability relates to sustainable development. According to UNESCO “culture provides the necessary transformative dimension that ensures the sustainability of development processes.” Originally sustainable development was defined through three dimensions-ecological, economic and social dimension. Further, the social dimension has been understood in multiple ways often accentuating socio-economic assets of development rather than socio-cultural capacities. Eventually, there has been an increasing interest in defining cultural sustainability as a fourth pillar of sustainable development. While becoming aware of the contemporary supranational risks such as climate change, COVID 19-pandemia or escalating military conflicts, sustainable development can hardly be envisioned in terms of linear progress but rather considered with anticipation of eventual shocks, interruptions, and vulnerabilities related to development. In this perspective, cultural sustainability can be increasingly associated with identifying vulnerabilities and with envisioning attainable measures of adaptation. This article addresses the complex issue of defining cultural sustainability through lenses of social resilience and adaptive capacity at local level.