Acute Toxicity Of Aqueous Extract Research Articles

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Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of a Diabetic Folklore Recipe Thai Traditional Medicine in Rats

Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of a Diabetic Folklore Recipe Thai Traditional Medicine in Rats

Phytochemical Analysis, Antimalarial Properties, and Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Trisamo and Jatu-Phala-Tiga Recipes.

Drug resistance remains a significant problem that threatens antimalarial drug treatment. Hence, the challenge is to find new effective antimalarial drugs. Based on our previous study, aqueous extracts of trisamo (TSM) and jatu-phala-tiga (JPT) had good in vitro antimalarial activities, and these recipes contain multiple beneficial pharmacological effects that could be useful for malaria therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antimalarial activity and toxicity of the aqueous extracts of TSM and JPT in mouse models. The aqueous extractions were carried out using the decoction method. Compound identification was conducted using LC-QTOF-MS analysis. The antimalarial activities of TSM and JPT at doses 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg were evaluated against Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection using a four-day suppressive test. The toxic effects of oral administration of the extracts at 2 g/kg dose were determined using an acute toxicity test. The chemical constituents of TSM contained 83 compounds, whereas JPT contained 84 compounds. All doses of the extracts exhibited a significant suppression (p < 0.05) of the parasite compared to the negative control in a four-day test. The maximum activities were observed at 600 mg/kg dose with 67.02% suppression for TSM and 79.34% for JPT, followed by 400 mg/kg dose (57.63% for TSM and 64.79% for JPT) and then 200 mg/kg dose (52.35% for TSM and 54.46% for JPT). In addition, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the RBC, MCV, and MCH levels of mice receiving JPT extract compared to the uninfected control. The WBC level of mice receiving 400 and 600 mg/kg of TSM, and 200 and 400 mg/kg of JPT, was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the infected control, and the extracts did not significantly prevent the loss of platelets. For the acute toxicity test, there were no signs of toxicity or deaths in mice, and there were no differences in the histology, weight, or enzyme biochemistry of the liver and kidney between the extract and vehicle groups. However, the platelet count in the extract-treated mice was significantly higher than that in the control group. In conclusion, this study suggests that aqueous extracts of TSM and JPT have potent antimalarial activities and could be promising as new candidates for antimalarial drug development.

Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts from Two Species of Corchorus Genus: Corchorus aestuans L. and Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae)

Aims: Corchorus aestuans and Corchorus olitorius are two species of the genus commonly mentioned in Côte d'Ivoire as medicinal plants whose leaves decoctions are used to treat various diseases. To avoid cases of intoxication in traditional treatments, this study evaluates the acute toxicity of these plant species by having mice gorge on increasing doses of crude aqueous extract.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY University (Côte d'Ivoire), between march 2016 and september 2016.&#x0D; Methodology: To assess the acute toxicity of the two extracts, we used 110 mice of SWISS breed. These animals aged four to six weeks were of both sexes (55 mice for each sex) and weighed between 13 and 26 g. Before the manipulations, the animals were fasted 12 hours before being divided into 11 batches of 10 mice receiving extract 1 (Corchorus aestuans) and extract 2 (Corchorus olitorius). We observed the effets of each phytomedecine on mice in different batches.&#x0D; Results: Aqueous extracts of Corchorus aestuans and Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae), administered orally, exert a dose-response effect. Concerning toxicity activities, Corchorus olitorius is not toxic. However, Corchorus aestuans is slightly toxic in the conditions of this study. The dose which kills half of the animals (LD 50 ) is 3999.93 mg/kg by oral voice (vo). This dose is the threshold of toxicity of the plant in the conditions of this study. Fortunately, this toxicity threshold is not accessible in therapy. The phytomedicine, in the conditions of use in traditional medicine in Côte d'Ivoire, is not toxic.&#x0D; Conclusion: The two plant species thus offer an interesting margin of safety, which is reassuring as to the use of the decoction, for the treatment of various pathologies.

Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of Libyan Globularia Alypum in Albino Mice

Aims. Lorke’s method was used to evaluate the acute toxicity effect of aqueous extract from the aerial part of Libyan Globularia alypum on albino mice. Methods. The study involved intra-peritoneal administration of different doses of the extract to groups of female mice. Results. Signs resultant toxicity and possible death of animals were monitored for 14 days to ascertain the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. At the end of the two-week study, all the animals in all the dose groups were survived. Conclusion. Globularia alypum plant can be considered as safe plant, as long as the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight.

Comparative Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii and Albizia gummifera on Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) Fingerlings

Fishing with Albizia gummifera is gaining more popularity than Tephrosia vogelii by local fishermen of Mangu Local Government Area, Plateau State and other parts of Nigeria, because of its productiveness and availability. Acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of leaf and bark of T. vogelii and A. gummifera were conducted on C. gariepinus fingerlings in static non-renewable bioassay. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L, pH and Temperature (°C) were monitored daily throughout the period by using ExStik® DO600 meter. Definitive acute concentrations of 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 0.00 mg/L; and 600, 525, 454, 375, 225 and 0.00 g/L as control of aqueous bark and leaf extracts in mg/L for A. gummifera and T. vogelii were used respectively. The result of the water quality parameters of fishes exposed to various plant toxicant concentrations of the plants showed no variation in all the studied water parameters compared with the control treatments. The percentage mortality of fishes was observed to decrease with decrease in toxicant concentrations in both plants. The 96hrs LC10; LC50 and LC99 values with confidence limits were of 61.21 (53.54 - 104.67) mg/L and 131.86 (104.67 - 166.10) mg/L; 94.58 mg/L (108.56 - 82.419) and 277.82 (220.54 - 349.98); and 208.46 (182.31 - 238.35) and 1074.73 (853.13 - 1353.82) of aqueous bark and leaf extracts of A. gummifera and T. vogelii to the exposed fishes, respectively. Lower lethal concentration values of A. gummifera indicated that it is more toxic than T. vogelii. Therefore, fishing with the A. gummifera should be regulated in order to preserve fish species in wild.

Cell Growth Inhibition, Toxicity Assessment, and Correlation between Chemical Composition of Aqueous and Organic Extracts of Ajuga Iva Subsp. Pseudoiva (DC.) Bric. and their Biological Activities

The inhibitory activity of cell growth and the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts (decocted, infused, and macerated) and organic extracts obtained with different solvents were evaluated for a medicinal plant widely used in Moroccan traditional medicine: Ajuga iva subsp. Pseudoiva (DC.) Briq collected in the region of Taza in Morocco. The inhibitory activity of cell growth was evaluated by the Lepidium sativum phytotest, and the relationship between this inhibitory activity and the phenolic composition of the plant (total polyphenols, flavonoids, catechetical tannins) was carried out by the principal component analysis (PCA). For the acute toxicity study, mice were divided into three groups (n=6); the control group received distilled water, while the other groups received a single experimental dose of 2000 mg/kg of aqueous extract (macerated) and organic extract (methanolic macerated) by mouth. The phytotest results, the methanolic macerated showed the best cell growth inhibitory activity with IC50=320.43±8.96µg/ml, followed by methanolic extract IC50= 375.77±17.53µg/ml. PCA showed a positive correlation between cell growth inhibitory activity measured by the phytotest and total phenols (r = 0.9818), flavonoids (r = 0.7263), and tannins (r = 0.5054). For the acute toxicity study, mice treated with both macerates aqueous and organic (methanolic) with the dose of 2000 mg/kg showed no toxicological signs. Indeed, no modification of the behavior of the mice or of their body weight was noted after the administration of the 2 extracts during the observation period.

Acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. on biochemical and histopathological parameters in rats.

Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of various diseases, so their use has become widespread. However, in some cases the population uses plant species regardless of the toxicity they may possess. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract from the leaves of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. on the biochemical and histopathological parameters of albino Holtzman rats. To do this, the leaves of A. arborescens were collected in the province of Julcan, La Libertad Region-Peru. OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) guideline 423 was conducted, forming experimental groups of 10 animals each one (5 males and 5 females): Group I (Control), which received 2mL physiological saline solution (SSF 0.9%), Groups II and III (A. arborescens-300 and A. arborescens-2000), which were given the aqueous extract leaves of A. arborescens in a single dose of 300 and 2000mg/kg/day, respectively. On the 14th day of exposure, biochemical (creatinine, ALT and AST) and histopathological parameters were measured. The results show that the aqueous extract of A. arborescens at the dose of 2000mg/kg produces an increase in biochemical parameters which is related to histopathological analysis of liver and renal tissue with mild congestion. The study concludes that the aqueous extract leaves of A. arborescens has a LD50 greater than 2000mg/kg and produces mild congestion in kidneys and liver, but showed no significant toxicological changes in the other albino Holtzman rats organs.

EVALUATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY EXPOSURE TO AQUEOUS LEAVES EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM KANARENSE (TALBOT) RAIZADA

Syzygium kanarense (Talbot) Raizada (Family: Myrtaceae), a rare plant tested for toxicity in order to explore therapeutic value. In the current study, the preliminary phytochemical screening, in vitro toxicity and acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Syzygium kanarense leaves (AESKL) were evaluated. Phytochemicals were screened and cytotoxicity was confirmed by MTT assay using NIH/3T3 cell line. For acute toxicity evaluation, female rats were divided into two equal groups; one group served as control while the other group received a single dose of AESKL at 2000mg/kg body weight (b.w) were treated and observed for 14 days. AESKL contains phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, saponins and steroids. The result showed the cytotoxicity value of inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 491.56 µg/ml of AESKL. Acute toxicity of AESKL established the Lethal Dose (LD50) more than 2000 mg/kg b.w and no mortality rate was observed. No changes in behavioural, b.w, relative organ weight, haematological, biochemical and histological were observed. Based on the results, it can be conclude that AESKL do not pose any risk when given orally to rats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on evaluation of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of AESKL.

Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous extract of Pericopsis (Afrormosia) laxiflora (Benth.) on white albino rats

Many plants investigated elsewhere were found to contain toxic substances. The objective of this study is to evaluate acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Pericopsis laxiflora, plant traditionally used to treat different diseases in Côte d’Ivoire. Acute toxicity of aqueous extract was assessed at a dose of 5000 mg/kg bw. For sub-chronic toxicity testing, Wistar rats were orally administered with different dose of the plant extract for 28 days. There was no mortality reported or any toxicity signs including autonomic effects in animals administered orally. The weights of the rats of the different batches increased over the 28 days after oral administration of the aqueous extract. Aqueous extract of Pericopsis laxiflora is not likely to produce any severe toxic effects. However, prolonged oral administration at high dose may cause observable changes in biochemical parameters, in particular Red blood cell and Platelets.

Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Extracts of Thymelaea hirsuta Leaves And Flowers in Rabbits

Thymelaea hirsuta is a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic virtues in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of leaves and flowers of Thymelaea hirsuta in rabbit. Aqueous extract was administered to rabbit in single doses of 2.5, 4, 5.5 and 7 g/kg given by gavage. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for up to 7 days. Biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol (CHOL) and glucose (GLU) were determined after 7 days. The results showed no mortality was observed during the 7 days of the observation period, an increase in AST and ALT in treated groups at the doses of 4, 5.5 and 7 g/kg, and a decrease in both cholesterol and glucose levels in treated groups compared to control.&#x0D; Keywords: Thymelaea hirsuta, Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, adverses effects.

Physico-Chemical Evaluation and Hematological Responses in &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Clarias gariepinus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Burchell 1822) Juveniles Exposed to &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Adenium obesum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Stem Bark Acute Bioassay

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Adenium obesum stem bark in juveniles of Clarias gariepinus by assessing the hematological responses of the exposed groups compared to the control in a static non-renewal bioassay for 96 hours. The fishes (N = 180, mean weight and length 21.48 ± 3.32 g and 11.37 ± 1.23 cm) respectively were randomly distributed 10 (ten) fishes per group in triplicates constituting six experimental groups as follows; G1 (Control), G2 (6.5 mg/l), G3 (7.8 mg/l), G4 (8.5 mg/l), G5 (9.5 mg/l) and G6 (11.5 mg/l). Red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration were decreased significantly (P Adenium obesum stem bark is toxic to erythrocytes while a converse adaptive response in the white blood cells.

Anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects of polyphenol-rich extracts from Thymus atlanticus: An in vitro and in vivo study

Ethnopharmacological evidenceThymus atlanticus (TA) is used in traditional medicine in Morocco to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, after local and oral treatment. Aim of studyThis study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities of an aqueous extract (AE) and polyphenol fraction (PF) derived from TA. Materials and methodsThe effect of AE and PF on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production by naïve and LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57Bl/6 mice was assessed by ELISA assay. The effect of chronic administration of the extracts at three different doses by oral rout for 2 weeks on blood coagulation and inflammation induced by carrageenan in Wistar rats was evaluated. In addition, the in vitro anticoagulant effect was tested on blood plasma collected from healthy rats using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) tests. The acute toxicity of AE was investigated. Phytochemical analysis was carried out by HPLC. ResultsAnalysis by HPLC indicated rosmarinic acid as the main phenolic acid in TA extracts. Compared to control macrophages, MCP-1 level was lower in medium supplemented with AE at 50 and 500 μg/mL and PF at 500 μg/mL, but higher in medium with PF at 50 μg/mL. Rosmarinic and chicoric acids, served as controls, significantly decreased MCP-1 production. Chronic oral administration of TA extracts prevented inflammation induced by carrageenan and induced a significant prolongation of blood coagulation time, in a dose dependant manner, in Wistar rats. The results of the in vitro assay showed that the coagulation time was significantly prolonged in plasma incubated with extracts in APTT, PT and TT tests. Lethal dose 50 of AE in mice was 27.90 ± 1.19 g/kg. ConclusionThis study indicated TA as an herb with anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant proprieties and supports the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Ethnobotanical Survey and Biological Activities of Two Lactogenic Plants in the Cascades Region of Burkina Faso

An ethnobotanical survey for a better knowledge of lactogenic plants has been conducted in Cascades region of Burkina Faso. Biological activities of the two most used plants were evaluated. The survey concerned 25 species classified into 22 genera and 19 families. The most represented families were Moraceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae and Malvaceae. The most used species were Euphorbia hirta, Calotropis procera and Ficus sycomorus with respectively 16.98%, 13.21% and 13.21% followed by Ficus platyphylla (9.43%) and Carica papaya, Holarrhena floribunda, Scoparia dulcis, Sorghum bicolor, each with 3.77% of frequency use. Plants organs mostly used for medicinal preparation were leaves, whole plant for herbaceous species, fruits and seeds. The main mode of medicinal preparation was decoction with 60.42% of frequency use. The most route of administration was oral (68.75%). Biological activities evaluation concerned Euphorbia hirta and Calotropis procera which were the most used plants. The acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of Calotropis procera (AECP) and Euphorbia hirta (AEEH) showed a LD50 of 2063 and 603 mg/kg body weight (b.w), respectively. These LD50 values permitted to classify these plants as slightly toxic herbal drugs. The uterotrophic test showed that the AECP and AEEH exhibited estrogenic activity. In conclusion, important medicinal plants in the Cascades region of Burkina Faso were used to stimulate or ameliorate lactation. However further studies must be conducted to confirm the traditional use of these plants.

Phytochemical Screening and Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Conocarpus erectus Linnaeus in Swiss Albino Mice.

Mangroves represent areas of high biological productivity and it is a region rich in bioactive substances used in medicine production. Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) known as button mangrove is one of the species found in mangroves and it is used in folk medicine in the treatment of anemia, catarrh, conjunctivitis, diabetes, diarrhea, fever, gonorrhea, headache, hemorrhage, orchitis, rash, bumps and syphilis. The present study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of leaves of C. erectus in Swiss albino mice. The plant material was collected in Vila Velha mangroves, located in Itamaracá (PE). The material was subjected to a phytochemical screening where extractive protocols to identify majority molecules present in leaves were used. The evaluation of acute toxicity of aqueous extract of C. erectus followed the model of Acute Toxicity Class based on OECD 423 Guideline, 2001. The majority molecules were identified: flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The LD50 was estimated at 2,000 mg/kg bw. Therefore, the aqueous extract showed low acute toxicity classified in category 5.

Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Caryocar brasiliense in Mice

Background: Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae) is an arboreal plant native of Brasilian Cerrado and its fruit is an important source of food and income for the human population of this region. In addition to using as food, different parts of this tree have great medicinal potential as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihelmintic. However, the active metabolites those are likely to confer these pharmacological properties healing may also be toxic dependent upon the dose and route of administration. In this quest, the aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense in mice of both genders.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction, diluted in water and filtered through membrane. The toxicity of extract of fruit peels (62.5 at 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW) and leaf extract (18.75 mg/kg bw) were evaluated in males and females mice (Mus musculus) Swiss by intraperitoneal route. For 2 control groups were administered injection water. The clinical signs and deaths were recorded up to 14 days after administration. The lethal doses for 10 (LD10) or 50 (LD50) % of population were estimated with Probit regression analysis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences of mortality frequencies between males and females. The groups treated with the two lower doses of both extracts completely abolished the clinical alteration between two and four hours after inoculation. The comportment of control group’s animals was normalized immediately after administration of injection water. The higher dose administered in both experiments were lethal for all animals, but the doses 250 mg/kg BW of fruit peels extract and 150 mg/kg of BW of leaves extract caused mortality of 100% just in males. However, in both experiments there were no significant differences between the mortality frequency for groups of male and female, as well the comportment of these animals when these doses were administered. Dose-dependent response was observed to mortality. The LD10 corresponded to 89.6 mg/kg BW and LD50 was 149.8 mg/kg BW for fruit peel extract. For the leaf extract , LD10 and LD50 were 33.35 and 67.01 mg/kg BW, respectively.Discussion: Aqueous extracts of the fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense were classified as very toxic since the LD50 ranged from 50 to 500 mg / kg BW. For both extracts, similar behavioral changes were observed. Among the secondary metabolites present in fruit peel and leaves, saponins and tannins can promote nervous symptoms. Although there are no records in the literature about animals and human orally intoxicated with any part of C. brasiliense, the development of specific studies to determine its toxicity is relevant, considering the social and ecological importance of this plant.

Acute toxicity and phytochemical screening of stem bark extracts of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. (Meliaceae)

The plants are a rich source of drugs because they produce a variety of bioactive molecules, most of which probably act as chemical defence against predators or pathogens. The present study was conducted to determine the phytochemical constituents and the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts, ethanolic and methanolic of stem bark from Entandrophragma angolense in rats. The acute toxicity studies were carried out on the basis of the guidelines of the OECD 423. The aqueous extracts, ethanolic and methanolic were administered orally at a single dose of 300, 2000 and 5000 mg / kg body weight to the rats. The extracts showed lesser toxicity at dose of 2000 mg / kg body weight; however at 5000 mg/kg body weight dose the mortality rate was 2/3. Thus, the Lethal Dose 50(DL50) is in the range of 2000 to 5000 mg / kg body weight. These results suggest that the aqueous extracts, ethanolic and methanolic of stem bark of E. angolense could be used with some degree of safety by oral route. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous extracts, ethanolic and methanolic of stem bark of E. angolense revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, leucoanthocyanins, phenols and steroids. These extracts contain important bioactive compounds, which justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases.

Some biochemical and haematological changes in rats pretreated with aqueous stem bark extract of Lophira lanceolata and intoxicated with paracetamol (acetaminophen).

This study investigated the acute toxicity effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Lophira lanceolata and the activities of liver enzymes and other markers of organ damage in rats pretreated with aqueous stem bark extract of L. lanceolata extract and subsequently intoxicated with paracetamol (PCM). A total of 30 rats were used to determine the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of L. lanceolata stem. They were divided into six groups consisting of five rats each. The groups (A-F) were administered the increasing doses of the extract (500 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg, 2,000 mg/kg, 3,200 mg/kg, 4,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg) orally. The rats were observed over a period of 24 h for acute toxicity signs such as dullness, anorexia, morbidity and death. Thirty rats of mixed sexes randomly assigned to six groups (A-F) of five rats each were used for the study on the effects of L. lanceolata extract on the haematology, liver enzymes and markers of organ damage of extract-pretreated PCM-intoxicated rats. The rats in groups A-D were pretreated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg of L. lanceolata extract and 100 mg/kg Silymarin, respectively, twice a day for 7 days. On the seventh day, all the rats in groups A-E received 1,000 mg/kg PCM (per os). Group E rats served as negative control while group F rats were neither intoxicated nor treated with the extract and served as positive control. Eighteen hours after PCM intoxication, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. The serum activities of these enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) and other markers of organ damages (bilirubin and total protein) were investigated. Haematologic parameters such as packed cell volume, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration were also determined. The extract did not cause any death in all the groups even at the highest dose (5,000 mg/kg body weight). The results also showed varying degrees in the activity of the enzymes in the serum in comparison with the negative control. The mean serum ALP, ALT and AST activity of group C (rats pretreated with 300 mg/kg of the extract and 1,000 mg/kg PCM) were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the group E (rats intoxicated with 1,000 mg/kg PCM only). The AST and ALP activities of groups C-E rats) were statistically comparable. The serum ALT activities of group C rats were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of group E rats but were statistically comparable (p>0.05) with the group F counterpart. The bilirubin levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the groups pretreated with the extract and Silymarin in comparison with the D group. The total protein and the haematologic indices were not significantly different (p>0.05) across the groups. This study therefore showed that the aqueous stem bark extract of L. lanceolata possesses some active constituents that have antihepatotoxic potentials.

Acute And Subacute Toxicity Of Aqueous Extract Of Abrus Precatorius Seed In Wister Rats

In this study, acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius seed was carried out in mice and Wister rats by oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal route (i.p.) while subacute toxicity was evaluated in Wister rats (i.p.). The LD 50 of the extract in mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg (p.o.) and 0.71 mg/kg (i.p.) while in rats it was 316.20 mg/kg (p.o.) and 0.35 mg/kg (i.p.). In subacute toxicity studies, the extract elicited a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight, red blood cell count, lymphocyte count, feed and water intake, and significant (p<0.05) increase in white blood cell count and eosinophil count. Biochemical investigation showed a significant (p<0.05) change in serum and liver cholesterol, alkaline phosphate, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and albumin. The study concluded that the aqueous extract of A. precatorius seed could possess moderate toxicity and adequate caution should be exercised in its use in ethnomedicine.

Criblage pharmacologique primaire d’une plante endémique originaire du Sud Marocain ( Tetraena gaetula [Emb. & Maire] Beier & Thulin)

Tetraena gaetula (Emb. & Maire) Beier & Thulin ( Zygophyllum gaetulum Emb. & Maire, Zygophyllaceae) is an endemic plant from the southern Morocco. This plant is widely used in Moroccan traditional medicine as an antispasmodic and antidiabetic. Our work aims to evaluate several pharmacological properties of extracts of T. gaetula such pro- or antiproliferative, immunomodulatory, analgesic and antidepressant effects. Initially, we studied intraperitoneally the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of T. gaetula in mice; the lethal dose 50 is 1.2 g/kg of body weight. Our results also showed a stimulating proliferative activity of T. gaetula, particularly at 6 μg/μL of the proteic extract on T lymphocytes. However, this same concentration of proteic extract induced rather cytotoxicity on B cells and macrophages. Our ex vivo results showed a dose-dependent response: (i) stimulation of lymphocyte subpopulations and monocytes in a dose 600 mg/kg, and (ii) immunosuppression at a dose 300 mg/kg. The pharmacological results in vivo showed a pronounced antidepressant effect of the proteic extract at all doses. However, the aqueous extract showed analgesic and anti-depressant effects, mainly at doses 300 and 600 mg/kg.