Actual Scale Research Articles

Стандартизация методики «Дифференциальная шкала актуальных ценностей»

The article is aimed at analyzing the standardization process of the «Actual values differential scale» method. The article presents the materials of a step-by-step empirical study based on a sample of respondents from the Siberian Federal district. At different stages, the study involved 6439 people (51% females; 49% males) aged 20 to 54 years (M=38.12; σ = 0.15). Verification of the empirical construct included dispersion, exploratory, correlation, and factor analyses, as well as the assessment of distribution, excess, and asymmetry of personal and professional value categories descriptors. Evidence of reliability and constructional and criterial validity is provided. The results obtained allow us to speak about the diagnostic potential of the developed methodology, which allows us not only to study the set of the significant values, but also to determine the type of the relevant value system of an individual. The method can be used for solving scientific and practical problems, both in psychology and other scientific fields.

ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ONLINE TRAINING BY HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TRAINING PARTICIPANTS DURING COVID 19

Covid-19 has forced many agendas to be carried out online, including human resource training activities. Training cannot be separated from various kinds of problems, including the methods used in training. The result of previous studies revealed the fact that very few learning activities are carried out online, because of the perception that will be difficult to learn when doing it online. This is of course related to how each individual accepts technology. This study aims to develop and construct a theoretical model of technology acceptance based on the Theory Acceptance Model (TAM), which is the development of Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) for online HR training participants and test it based on field data. The respondents of this study consisted of 181 people with the criteria that they had attended online human resource management training and were members of an organization. Data was collected using a questionnaire. There are 4 questionnaires used in this study, namely: actual use scale, behavior intention scale, perceived ease of use scale, and perceived usefulness scale. The data analysis of this study uses path analysis with the help of the Amos 24 and SPSS 28 programs. The result of this study indicates that the model proposed in this study is in accordance with the theoretical concepts with empirical data. This is evidenced by various criteria such as the Chi-Square value of 1.089, the probability value of 0.947, the GFI value of 1.0, the TLI value of 1.0, and the RMSEA value of 0.050. This shows that perceived convenience (PU), perceived usefulness (PE), and behavioral intention (BI) affect technology use behavior (AU).

An Integrated Modeling Approach for Analyzing the Deformation Style of Active Volcanoes: Somma‐Vesuvius Case Study

AbstractThe deformation style of active volcanoes can provide insight into the structural evolution of their edifices, volcanic activity and associated hazards. The Somma‐Vesuvius volcano is considered one of the most dangerous on the planet due to its proximity to the megacity of Naples (Southern Italy). Thus, understanding its deformation style and corresponding long‐term structural evolution are critical aspects for risk reduction. Although a large amount of data has already been collected about Somma‐Vesuvius, the deformation style affecting its volcanic edifice is still debated. Therefore, we devised an integrated approach to clarify the current state of deformation of this volcano. In particular, we combined analog experiments and finite element (FE) modeling to constrain the current deformation style affecting Somma‐Vesuvius and determine the physical parameters controlling its structural evolution. The analog models were built at a scale of 1:100,000 using sand mixtures (brittle analog) and polydimethylsiloxane (ductile analog). The FE models were implemented by considering a three‐dimensional time‐dependent fluid‐dynamic approach performed at both the analog model scale (1:100,000) and actual volcano scale (1:1). We obtained an FE model and a corresponding analog one that faithfully reproduced the observed deformation velocity patterns revealed by differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) and GPS measurements at Somma‐Vesuvius. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that a combined gravitational spreading‐sagging process governs the deformation style of Somma‐Vesuvius.

Քրդական գործոնը Թուրքիայի սիրիական քաղաքականության առանցքում․ անփոփոխ նկրտումներ, փոխակերպվող առաջնահերթություններ/Kurdish Factor in the Framework of the Syrian Policy of Turkey. Constant Ambitions, Changing Priorities

The article aims to highlight the actual scale and content of expansionist actions, ambitions, and ideologies of Ankara caused by the Kurdish factor in Syria. The tasks of the study are: to present the main features and current transformations of the Syrian policy of Turkey, to find out the frames and motives of these transformations, to consider the importance of the Kurdish factor in the Syrian crisis, to highlight the new realities caused by the Turkish interventions into the Syrian-Turkish border. Studying this issue is extremely important for the security environment of the Republic of Armenia, talking into account Turkey’s direct participation in the Artsakh war in 2020 and its subsequent military and political activation in the South Caucasus regional processes. These fit perfectly into Turkey's aggressive expansionist political agenda. The article's methodology includes historical-analytical, political, and oral-historical approaches. The article notes that as a result of these military interventions, Turkey, taking advantage of the need to combat "Kurdish terrorism," increased its military and then economic and ideological presence in Syria, which is the basis of Turkey's neo-Ottoman policy. It also ruled out the infiltration of Kurdish forces from Afrin to the Mediterranean Sea and the unification of cantons.

Muhadżirowie w Polsce – zagrożenie terroryzmem islamistycznym ze strony obcokrajowców

The aim of this article was to analyse the terrorist threat in Poland posed by foreigners participating in the global salafi jihadist project. As a rule, these are people associated with such organizations as the Muslim Brotherhood, Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State ISIS, and their derivatives. The research was to verify the actual scale of the phenomenon, the motivations, the modus operandi, and to show trends in this practice. It was also an attempt to identify system problems that hinder the fight against terrorism and may result in a threat to Polish security. The analysis also shows that, contrary to popular opinions, the threat comes not only from the Middle East, but also from Central Asia and the Caucasus. All these directions, however, have their specifics.

Structural Design and Optimization of a Resonant Micro-Accelerometer Based on Electrostatic Stiffness by an Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm.

This study designed an in-plane resonant micro-accelerometer based on electrostatic stiffness. The accelerometer adopts a one-piece proof mass structure; two double-folded beam resonators are symmetrically distributed inside the proof mass, and only one displacement is introduced under the action of acceleration, which reduces the influence of processing errors on the performance of the accelerometer. The two resonators form a differential structure that can diminish the impact of common-mode errors. This accelerometer realizes the separation of the introduction of electrostatic stiffness and the detection of resonant frequency, which is conducive to the decoupling of accelerometer signals. An improved differential evolution algorithm was developed to optimize the scale factor of the accelerometer. Through the final elimination principle, excellent individuals are preserved, and the most suitable parameters are allocated to the surviving individuals to stimulate the offspring to find the globally optimal ability. The algorithm not only maintains the global optimality but also reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm and deterministically realizes the optimization of the accelerometer scale factor. The electrostatic stiffness resonant micro-accelerometer was fabricated by deep dry silicon-on-glass (DDSOG) technology. The unloaded resonant frequency of the accelerometer resonant beam was between 24 and 26 kHz, and the scale factor of the packaged accelerometer was between 54 and 59 Hz/g. The average error between the optimization result and the actual scale factor was 7.03%. The experimental results verified the rationality of the structural design.

Understanding the effect of nonmetallic impurities in regenerated cathode materials for lithium-ion battery recycling by tracking down impurity elements

The regeneration of cathode materials would be the highest value-added direction in lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling research. Li[NixMnyCoz]O2 (NMC) is regenerated from actual industrial scale LIB leachate and purified leachate to investigate the precipitation behavior of impurities, which include potentially toxic elements, such as F, Cl, and S. Regenerated precursors from the actual leachate, purified precursors, and a control sample are synthesized using the hydroxide co-precipitation method. Additionally, simulated precursors from simulated leachate are prepared in order to separate the effects of nonmetallic elements from the effects of metallic elements. The structure and electrochemical properties of the regenerated precursors and the corresponding cathode materials are examined. We first detect the presence of a significant amount of nonmetal elements, such as F as well as well-known metal elements, which include Al, Cu, and Fe, in the regenerated NMC. The concept of yield of precipitation (YOP) is introduced to assess the precipitation behavior of each element during the co-precipitation of the precursors. According to the concentration and YOP in the leachate and the precursors, six metal and three nonmetal elements are categorized. This categorization of impurity elements will certainly provide the LIB recycling industry with a valuable quality control guide.

Cardiovascular diseases as a reservoir for latent deaths from drug addiction (exemplified by Moscow)

Abstract The life expectancy gap between Russia and post-industrial countries is mainly due to mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), primarily in working ages, substantiating the need for a program to reduce cardiovascular mortality, currently implemented in Russia. In general, this program has resulted in a multiple reduction in cardiovascular mortality in Russia, however, in 2015-2017, Moscow turned out to be the absolute outsider among the Russian regions in DCS mortality among males of young and middle working ages and a contrastive outsider among females: in ages 15-29 mortality increased 4.4-fold among males and 3-fold among females; in ages 30-44 - 2.1-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively. The purpose of the study is to identify causes of the abnormal increase in mortality in Moscow in 2015-2017. The study shows that, first, the abnormal dynamics were due to cardiomyopathy, unspecified (CU) (I42. 9): the CU mortality in ages 15-44 increased 20-fold in males and 10-fold in females; in ages 45-59 - 7-fold and 8-fold, respectively, resulting in the highest ever CU mortality in Russia. Second, the CU deaths were usually sudden, not predated by a long-term treatment: admissions one month prior to death were registered in about 1% of cases in both sexes. Third, similar processes with the same reference point (2015) have been reported for drug poisoning, the rates of increase are comparable: about 10-fold in ages 15-29, 13 and 29-fold in ages 30-44 and 7.5 and 4-fold in ages 45-59, respectively. Fourth, numerous studies have shown that drug addiction (DA) leads to cardiovascular disorders, especially cardiomyopathies. Official data show that total DA mortality in Russia in the 2010s ranged from 3,752 to 5,581, which hardly corresponds to the actual scale of the problem because of underestimation of DA deaths due to their transferring to a latent form. In Moscow, DCS and cardiomyopathy, unspecified, in particular are one of the reservoirs for DA latent deaths. Key messages Drug addiction (DA) leads to cardiovascular disorders, especially cardiomyopathies. As to the capital, DCS, CU in particular, are one of the latent reservoirs of DA mortality.

Influencing factors of scale effects in large-scale direct shear tests of soil-rock mixtures based on particle breakage

In studies of soil-rock mixtures (SRM), scale effect due to limitations of particle size often causes laboratory research results to differ from on-site measurements. To explore the specific impacts of scale effect on the shear behaviours of SRM, large-scale laboratory direct shear tests and numerical simulations using the discrete element method (DEM) were thus performed. The accuracy of the numerical simulations was verified with a comparison of test and simulation results. The results suggest that scaling has only a minor influence on the shear stress–strain relationship of SRM, while Mixing Method was shown to be the optimum scaling method for studying shear behaviours in SRM under laboratory conditions. Based on this, a value of 0.9 times the shear strength of a relevant sample treated using the Mixing Method is suggested as the representative shear strength of actual scale SRM on site. There are some obvious differences in stone content and porosity factor in scaled samples treated by different scaling methods, however, which can lead to further dissimilarities in shear strength and other strength parameters under high normal pressure. In SRM more generally, the bulk shrinkage of the SRM samples is obvious during shear, and the shrinkage rate gradually decreases. The normal pressure and stone content have significant effects on the bulk shrinkage.

Self-compassion in medical students: a pilot study of its association with professionalism pressure

BackgroundTo be a “good doctor” and have “good medical practices” are apparent goals for both medical students and medical faculties. However, the associated implicit and explicit standards could be a source of distress in the form of pressure to achieve professionalism. Self-compassion has been identified as a transtherapeutic factor that plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining mental health. It seems to be an essential meta-skill to learn, especially for medical students who often perceive imperfection as failure. In this pilot study, we investigated the qualities that medical students attribute to the “good doctor” concept, how they perceive themselves compared to this concept, and whether any possible discrepancy between these two perspectives could be associated with self-compassion.MethodsAltogether, 301 medical students participated in the study (mean age 22.3 ± 2.1; 71.8 % female). The discrepancy between concepts was measured by a semantic differential consisting of a list of 36 adjectives and antonyms that students repeatedly mentioned in courses in their responses to the question “What should a doctor be like?” Self-compassion was measured by the Self-Compassion Scale.ResultsThe obtained results offer an insight into students’ conceptualization of a “good doctor” and the hierarchy of given characteristics. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between the discrepancy between the “ideal” doctor concept vs. actual self-perception and Self-Compassion Scale scores. The more students are compassionate to themselves, the lower the discrepancy.ConclusionsThe current pilot study supports the hypothesis that student self-compassion could play some role in the degree of discrepancy between the ideal “good doctor” image and student self-concept. This result could support the importance of educational interventions developing self-compassion for medical students. The proposed discrepancy measurement could also be a tool for measuring the effect of well-being programs aimed at self-compassion in medical students.

Direct electrochemical lithium recovery from acidic lithium-ion battery leachate using intercalation electrodes

With the development of the electric vehicle industry, the demand for the lithium-ion battery (LIB) has considerably grown, and thus the recycling of LIB has become an important issue. Until now, only solvent extraction, leaching, and precipitation methods have been applied for lithium recovery from LIB leachate, but these methods need a series of separation of coexisting ions, and lithium is recovered in the final step of the recycling process. The electrochemical method is one of the promising methods for lithium recovery with several advantages such as high lithium selectivity, short reaction time, and low energy consumption. In this study, lithium is successfully recovered from actual industrial scale LIB leachate by electrochemical sorption using lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and activated carbon (AC) electrodes. The effects of current and electrochemical reaction time on lithium recovery from the LIB leachate are investigated and it is found that the lithium recovery capacity, purity, and the selectivity increase with higher current and longer reaction time. The maximum lithium recovery capacity of 3.51 mmol g −1 and energy consumption of 3.77 Wh mol −1 (13.6 kJ mol −1) is obtained during the electrochemical lithium recovery from the LIB leachate. The reusability of LMO/AC system is also tested and confirms that the lithium recovery capacity is maintained without the apparent degradation of the electrodes. This direct electrochemical lithium recovery from the LIB leachate could be more efficient than the established hydrometallurgical lithium recovery comprised of multiple separation steps of impurity elements.

Snap2cad: 3D indoor environment reconstruction for AR/VR applications using a smartphone device

Indoor environment reconstruction is a challenging task in Computer Vision and Computer Graphics, especially when Extended Reality (XR) technologies are considered. Current solutions that employ dedicated depth sensors require scanning of the environment and tend to suffer from low resolution and noise, whereas solutions that rely on a single photo of a scene cannot predict the actual position and scale of objects due to scale ambiguity. The proposed system addresses these limitations by allowing the user to capture single views of objects using an Android smartphone equipped with a single RGB camera and supported by Google ARCore. The system includes 1) an Android app tracking the smartphone’s position relative to the world, capturing a single RGB image for each object and estimating depth information of the scene, 2) a program running on a server that classifies the framed objects, retrieves the corresponding 3D models from a database and estimates their position, vertical rotation, and scale factor without deforming the shape. The system has been assessed measuring the translational, rotational and scaling errors of the considered objects with respect to the physical ones acting as a ground truth. The main outcomes show that the proposed solution obtains a maximum error of 18% for the scaling factor, less than nine centimeters for the position and less than 18∘ for the rotation. These results suggest that the proposed system can be employed for XR applications, thus bridging the gap between the real and virtual worlds.

An Efficient Decision Support System for Flood Inundation Management Using Intermittent Remote-Sensing Data

Timely acquisition of spatial flood distribution is an essential basis for flood-disaster monitoring and management. Remote-sensing data have been widely used in water-body surveys. However, due to the cloudy weather and complex geomorphic environment, the inability to receive remote-sensing images throughout the day has resulted in some data being missing and unable to provide dynamic and continuous flood inundation process data. To fully and effectively use remote-sensing data, we developed a new decision support system for integrated flood inundation management based on limited and intermittent remote-sensing data. Firstly, we established a new multi-scale water-extraction convolutional neural network named DEU-Net to extract water from remote-sensing images automatically. A specific datasets training method was created for typical region types to separate the water body from the confusing surface features more accurately. Secondly, we built a waterfront contour active tracking model to implicitly describe the flood movement interface. In this way, the flooding process was converted into the numerical solution of the partial differential equation of the boundary function. Space upwind difference format and the time Euler difference format were used to perform the numerical solution. Finally, we established seven indicators that considered regional characteristics and flood-inundation attributes to evaluate flood-disaster losses. The cloud model using the entropy weight method was introduced to account for uncertainties in various parameters. In the end, a decision support system realizing the flood losses risk visualization was developed by using the ArcGIS application programming interface (API). To verify the effectiveness of the model constructed in this paper, we conducted numerical experiments on the model’s performance through comparative experiments based on a laboratory scale and actual scale, respectively. The results were as follows: (1) The DEU-Net method had a better capability to accurately extract various water bodies, such as urban water bodies, open-air ponds, plateau lakes etc., than the other comparison methods. (2) The simulation results of the active tracking model had good temporal and spatial consistency with the image extraction results and actual statistical data compared with the synthetic observation data. (3) The application results showed that the system has high computational efficiency and noticeable visualization effects. The research results may provide a scientific basis for the emergency-response decision-making of flood disasters, especially in data-sparse regions.

Urban meteorological forcing data for building energy simulations

Despite building energy use being one of the largest global energy consumers, building energy simulations rarely take the actual local neighbourhood scale climate into account. A new globally applicable approach is proposed to support buildings energy design. ERA5 (European Centre Reanalysis version 5) data are used with SUEWS (Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme) to obtain (in this example case) an urban typical meteorological year (uTMY) that is usable in building energy modelling. The predicted annual energy demand (heating and cooling) for a representative four-storey London residential apartment using uTMY is 6.9% less (cf. conventional TMY). New vertical profile coefficients for wind speed and air temperature in EnergyPlus are derived using SUEWS. EneryPlus simulations with these neighbourhood scale coefficients and uTMY data, predict the top two floors have ~10% larger energy demand (cf. the open terrain coefficients with uTMY data). Vertical variations in wind speed have a greater impact on the simulated building energy than equivalent variations in temperature. This globally appliable approach can provide local meteorological data for building energy modelling, improving design for the local context through characterising the surrounding neighbourhood.

Analysis on the economic effect of Sino-US trade friction from the perspective of added value

Based on the theory of trade added value, this paper discusses the potential actual trade scale and benefit damage degree of the two countries under the background of big country game by measuring the real trade scale of China and the USA, simulating the economic impact of tariffs imposed by China and the USA and utilizing Wang–Wei–Zhu (WWZ) method to decompose the potential changes in Sino-US trade. The results show that: firstly, the size of China-US trade in terms of total value is significantly overestimated and China's overall trade with the USA in 2001–2014 was overestimated by an average of 3.06 percent, of which goods trade was overestimated by 8.06 percent. Secondly, although tariff increases can reduce the degree of trade imbalance between China and the USA to some extent, the adverse effects are mutual and global, and the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Japan and Canada become the main transfer countries of Sino-US trade. Thirdly, the pattern of China's final exports and the US' intermediate exports determines that China's trade interests are more damaged than those of the USA. It is proved that there is a big gap between China and the USA in the depth and breadth of China's participation in the value chain division of labor and the trade scale measured by Gross Domestic Product is more instructive than the total value.

Structural Assessment of a Cylindrical Liquid Tank due to Shape Change of Roof during Sloshing Induced by Seismic Activity

The structural behavior of ground supported upright cylindrical fluid tank subjected to lateral excitations due to the seismic effects is presented by considering both below and convective resonance scenarios using the FSI approach. The study of seismic response has been carried out at an actual scale on a typical API Tank of 23,000 gallons capacity. In response to seismic excitations with peak acceleration of 0.3 g, the sloshing phenomena have been studied at three fill levels. For minimizing the roof stresses in the API tank due to seismic sloshing, the roof design is modified by varying roof angles starting from flat to 30° conical roof angles with an increment of 10°. It is found that for flat roof steel tank operating at convective resonance, stress increases exponentially with the fill level resulting in tank yielding. To increase tank seismic resistance, a self-supported conical roof (SSCR) of various angles is considered. The effect of variation of SSCR angle and slenderness ratio on structural response has been studied. Using the design by analysis approach, empirical relationships for estimation of tank structural strength (TSS) and total deformations have been proposed. It is concluded that the TSS is increased up to 6 times by selecting an appropriate conical roof (30°).

Namowa lub pomoc w samobójstwie – aspekty prawnokarne, porównawcze i kryminalistyczne

Each year in Poland there are over 5,000 deaths as a result of suicide. Even more suicide attempts have been reported. Although suicide is not subject to criminal sanction, it is penalized to cause a person to take his own life through abetting or aiding (Article 151 of the Penal Code), physical or mental abuse (Article 207 § 3; Article 352 § 3) and stalking or impersonation (Article 190a § 3). From the point of view of investigative practice, detecting these cases and collecting evidence is problematic. The aim of the article is a criminal law analysis of the crime under Art. 151 of the Penal Code along with a reference to similar provisions in selected countries and discussion of forensic aspects. In Poland the number of instituted proceedings and established crimes, as well as convictions under Art. 151 of the Penal Code concerning the total number of suicides, is small. Due to detection and evidence problems, it is difficult to estimate the actual scale of the crime under Art. 151 of the Penal Code. Due to the significant and very dynamic development of the network, a possible amendment to Art. 151 of the Penal Code, covering new forms of persuasion or assistance in suicide – via the Internet.

Education Financing: Explaining the Expenditure Concentration Gap between the State and Local Governments in Poland 2008-2019

Purpose: The aim of this article is to explain the differences between the educational expenses of municipalities and cities in Poland and the educational subvention received by them from the state budget, in particular the scale of the violation of the actual educational expenses of municipalities and cities by their original structure as a result of aggregated decisions of local authorities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The concentration degree of educational expenditure and subvention streams using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), for 2008-2019 from the database of the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office has been used. Findings: The educational subvention was universal (nationwide), which is evidenced by the low degree of its concentration for all the studied groups of entities, the highest HHI values for educational expenses were recorded in the cities with county rights in terms of expenses on subsidies, property expenses, expenses on materials and services, as well as total expenses, and the higher degree of concentration of these expenditures as measured by the HHI results from uncoordinated financial decisions of the cities authorities concerning expenditures on education, disturbing the universal character of the nationwide educational subvention in aggregate were observed. Recommendations: There is a need for systemic actions of central and local authorities to reduce the level of imbalance in financing education by local governments. Practical Implications: for the empirical identification of determinants of the educational expenditure and subvention level of municipalities as a starting point for a discussion on the actual scale of financial responsibility for education in Poland. Originality/Value: To estimate the concentration gap between educational expenditure and subvention for groups of entities under study, local governments, municipalities and cities.

Ethylene Yield from a Large Scale Naphtha Pyrolysis Cracking Utilizing Response Surface Methodology

Statistical software is a robust application that has proven reliable worldwide. However, it is not normally used in the actual large scale olefin plant as it relies on the simulation software by Olefin Licensor should any issue rises. The study was conducted in a newly commissioned large scale olefin plant to see the impact of various operating variables on the ethylene yield from Short Residence Time (SRT) VII Furnace. The analysis was conducted utilizing statistical analysis, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Minitab Software Version 18 to develop a reliable statistical model with a 95% confidence level. The historical data was taken from the Process Information Management System (PIMS) Software, PI Process Book Version 2015, and underwent both residuals and outliers removal prior to RSM analysis. 10 variables were shortlisted from the initial 15 identified variables in the studied SRT VII via Regression analysis due to RSM limitation to conduct the larger analysis in Minitab Software Version 18. The Response Optimizer tool showed that the ethylene yield from naphtha pyrolysis cracking in the studied plant could be maximized at 34.1% with control setting at 600.39 kg/ hr of Integral Burner Flow, 6.81% of Arch O2, 113.42 Barg of Steam Drum Pressure, 496.96°C of Super High Pressure (SHP) Temperature, 109.11 t/hr of SHP Boiler Feed Water (BFW) Flow, 92.78 t/hr of SHP Flow, 63.50 t/hr of Naphtha Feed Flow, and -13.38 mmHg of Draft Pressure.

The harmonic characteristics analysis of offshore wind farms transmitted by the submarine cable based on time domain simulation

The harmonic amplitude may exceed the limit when the large scale of wind farm is connected to the weak AC system through AC submarine cable. The harmonic with high amplitude will endanger the safety of power equipment, and even affect the normal integration of large-scale wind farm. This paper takes an actual offshore wind power connected to the system through AC submarine cable as an example. On the basis of building the model of the system in the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software. The simulation calculation is systematically carried out. The effect of multiple factors on the harmonic characteristics is analyzed. The preliminary explanation for the harmonic amplitude out of limit is given for the actual large scale of wind farm connected to the weak AC system through AC submarine cable.