Actual Registration Research Articles

First German register based census in 2011

The last censuses in Germany were accomplished in 1987 (former federal states) and 1981 (new federal states), respectively. Germany was the only country which did not participate in the EU-wide census in 2000. A traditional census was not feasible on political scale due to high costs and low acceptance by the population. Complete, precise and actual statistical registers as a condition for a register based census, are non-existent in Germany. Official statisticians developed a model for a register based census with interviewer-based surveys kept to a minimum. As the basic conditions were not favourable the model became very complex and many methods and procedures had to be developed for the special case of German registers. Core model elements were tested in a census test, such as quality of registers (e. g. municipal population registers, registers of the federal labour agency) and practicability of procedures (e. g. merging of registers, household generation). The test result was that a register based census is possible but much development work still has to be done, as the registers do not have an acceptable quality yet. Additional interviewer based surveys will be necessary for correction of errors of the register and survey of additional variables. This is also true if measures to improve municipal population registers, e. g. a feedback procedure and a nationwide tax number are taken into account. So these measures will not substitute the additional interviewer based surveys. Provided that the essential investments in development and preparation will be performed, Germany could participate in the 2011 EU-census-round with a register based census at a fraction of the cost of a traditional census. Finally, the census 2011 will show the real quality of the registers, how the model will work throughout the country and which measures have to be taken before the following census.

4D rotational X-ray imaging of the dynamic wrist joint

Fast and accurate 2D/3D registration plays an important role in many applications, ranging from scientific and engineering domains all the way to medical care. Today’s predominant methods are based on computationally expensive approaches, such as virtual forward or back projections, that limit the real-time applicability of the routines. Here, we present a novel concept that makes use of Grangeat’s relation to intertwine information from the 3D volume and the 2D projection space in a way that allows pre-computation of all time-intensive steps. The main effort within actual registration tasks is reduced to simple resampling of the pre-calculated values, which can be executed rapidly on modern GPU hardware. We analyze the applicability of the proposed method on simulated data under various conditions and evaluate the findings on real data from a C-arm CT scanner. Our results show high registration quality in both simulated as well as real data scenarios and demonstrate a reduction in computation time for the crucial computation step by a factor of six to eight when compared to state-of-the-art routines. With minor trade-offs in accuracy, this speed-up can even be increased up to a factor of 100 in particular settings. To our knowledge, this is the first application of Grangeat’s relation to the topic of 2D/3D registration. Due to its high computational efficiency and broad range of potential applications, we believe it constitutes a highly relevant approach for various problems dealing with cone beam transmission images.

Registration for a large-scale randomized controlled trial of postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy for lung cancer in Japan

Background. The reliability of results obtained from clinical trials depends on the study design and its implementation, but there are few reports on implementation. We aimed to describe one component of implementation, registration problems, as observed in a large-scale randomized trial of postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy for lung cancer whose subjects were enrolled during the period from 1994 to 1997. Methods. The trial adopted central registration through telephone or facsimile entry at a randomization center. Unexpected entry processes were counted prospectively, with the reason noted. The time from the start of speaking on the telephone to entry completion was measured automatically by a computer system. Results. The office registered 999 of 1054 patient reports after checking eligibility criteria. Reasons for failure to meet the criteria were: age (22 patients), late entry – more than 6 weeks after surgery (10 patients), histology (8 patients), entry from hospitals for which the contract for trial participation had not been completed (5 patients), and other (10 patients). Among the 999 registered cases (807 telephone entries and 192 facsimile entries), 50 cases (5.0%) showed a lack of information on eligibility criteria on the first call: 17 made by telephone (2.1%) and 33 by facsimile (17.2%). The average time for registration by telephone was 2 min 51 s among the 766 registrations completed without problems on the first call. The busiest hours for the entry calls were 9:00 to 10:00 and 15:30 to 17:00. There was no difference in the number of entry calls among the days from Monday to Friday. Conclusion. Actual registration of a large-scale cancer trial in Japan was documented, which provided useful information for both the trial centers and the doctors engaging in clinical trials.

Laterality, gender and age differences in estimated frequency and actual registration of people with congenital upper limb absences.

Initial analyses from a survey of people with unilateral upper limb congenital absence registered with the Cambridge Disablement Services Centre (DSC) indicated differences related to laterality and gender. A postal survey of all DSCs in the UK was conducted and support for these findings was provided from the analysis of the information supplied by the 25 DSCs who could provide data in the format requested. Comparing statistics for the UK population with those gained from the 25 DSCs, estimates for the number of children and adults who should be registered with DSCs in the UK are made. From these figures it is suggested that the non-registration rate for adults with a congenital absence of an upper limb could be as high as 64%.

Quality assessment of remote sensing image registration — analysis and testing of control point residuals

The need for data integration for providing multi-image and up-to-date geo-information requires a careful quality assessment of image registration. This paper deals with remote sensing scanning images to be registered by a least-squares polynomial trend model transformation, under the supposition that plane coordinate systems of master and slave are sufficient. A threefold basic hypothesis and four model assumptions are posed holding that in the ‘ideal’ case the residuals after execution of the transformation are showing only the random component of the transformation. In addition to some earlier published quantitative measures and two statistical tests, in this paper it is proposed to analyze the geometrical behaviour of the so-called ‘plot of centred residual pairs’ with respect to possible deviations from the hypothesis of randomness of the residuals. In this line the Ajne test and the Moore test, common in circular biology, look for the existence of a ‘preference axis’. Furthermore, the Spearman rank correlation test is proposed as another method to detect possible structure which can be left after the transformation. The use of these tests and the distinct effects are demonstrated by means of some examples. It is concluded that the implementation of the proposed tests in addition to other possibilities of testing and analysis, deepens the insight in an actual registration case and improves the quality assessment of remote sensing image registration in general.

Calendar of the Letters of Arnaud Aubert, Camerarius Apostolicus, 1361-1371 by Daniel Williman

92BOOK REVIEWS Calendar of the Letters ofArnaud Aubert, Camerarius Apostolicus, 13611371 . By Daniel WiUiman. [Subsidia Mediaevalia, 20.] (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. 1992. Pp. xii, 525. »4950.) Arnaud Aubert had a glittering career at the papal court in Avignon. It helped that he was the nephew of Pope Innocent VI. It was under his uncle that he rose to become archbishop ofAuch and papal chamberlain, the latter an office which Williman fairly describes as "first in discretionary powers" among the functions to which exalted curiáis might aspire. But Arnaud had clearly made the office his own in more ways than one since he was continued in its tenure by his uncle's successors, Urban V and Gregory XI. Moreover, he held this pivotal office at a crucial period in its development. Clearly, records of Aubert's activity as chamberlain would be of some interest to historians. We owe to the work under review notice that such records have survived. The principal object of this work is to present a calendar of 878 documents constituting the surviving record of the administrative and judicial activity of Arnaud as papal chamberlainfrom 1 361 to 1 371. The nature ofthese important documents had not been previously recognized; WiUiman is in some sense their discoverer. He has culled them from a variety of registers in the rich series preserved in the Vatican Archives. In this work, he presents calendars, or full English summaries, of aU the documents and prints mose ofthem which he finds particularly interesting in their original Latin. The calendars are preceded by a magisterial introduction which Uluminatingly places Arnaud Aubert and the documents within the web of familial and institutional relations at the Court of Avignon. The documents are made even more readily accessible by an abundance of careful indices. A slight objection may be raised to the use of the term 'letters' to describe the contents of the Calendar. A more neutral term like 'acts' might more fairly have described the range of material presented here, which includes notarial instruments and other legal documents which do not readUy fit under the rubric of 'letters.' The chamberlain's office was concerned pre-eminently with financial matters, and so these acts concern primarily the raising and allocation of funds. But these documents, and their calendars, are far from arid. Amid expected attempts to coUect provisions, spoUs, and taxes of various sorts, one also finds high pohtics and the practice of loyalty toward friends and subordinates . These documents are quite as vivid and interesting as any in the papal registers and are somewhat less formulaic, even though they may have played a role in the establishment of cameral forms for the rest of the fourteenth century and beyond. WiUiman has done a great service by providing us with a thoroughly reliable and easUy consultable edition of these documents. The staff of the Department of Publications of the Pontifical Institute has served him weU in the production of a most handsome and carefully edited volume. A stronger objection may be raised to the choice to present the documents BOOK REVIEWS93 in chronological order rather than to respect the sequence in which the documents were enregistered in their various registers. It is hard to see what particular advantage there is to a chronological arrangement. Hardly any reader is likely to approach the Calendar with the desire to read aU the entries in chronological sequence. More typicaUy, one uses this type ofwork to trace some person in whose career one is interested or in pursuit of some specific subject; such investigations are not particularly assisted by arranging the material chronologicaUy. Whatever advantage may accrue from such a choice of arrangement, the cost ought not to have been the impossibUity for the reader of easily re-establishing the structure of the registers themselves and the relationship in which these documents stand to each other within the actual registers. Scholars with an interest in such matters wUl not be greatly aided by WUliman's work. Despite mese (slight) criticisms, WUliman's generous work should prove a precious addition to the wealth of calendars ofpapal registers that do so much to facUitate the study of the Avignon Papacy...

Foreground memory management in data path synthesis

The management of foreground memory is a main issue in data path synthesis. the storage of values in registers and register files not only determines the number of each of them but also has a major impact on the interconnect structure. Both the amount of multiplexing and interconnect are crucial factors to both the delay and area of a circuit. In this paper it is shown that when values are grouped into register files before being assigned to actual registers, significant savings (20 per cent) can be obtained in the number of local interconnections and the amount of global interconnect at the expense of only slightly more register area. These results can be enhanced by splitting the read and write phases of registers and even more by introducing serial (re)write operations for the same value. the value grouping is based on edge-colouring algorithms that provide a sharp upper bound on the number of register groups needed. After value grouping, the registers are allocated for each register file separately. Algorithms for register allocation published up till now have only considered loop-free data flow graphs. When these algorithms are applied to data flow graphs with loops, unnecessary register transfer operations can be introduced. In this paper a new algorithm is presented that performs a minimal register allocation eliminating all superfluous register transfer operations. Experiments on a benchmark set have shown that in all cases all register transfers could be eliminated at no increase in register cost. This paper provides a deeper insight to the computational complexity of some problems in the area of data path synthesis. It shows that the various subtasks can be solved exactly using polynomial time algorithms.

Highway emissions of regulated and some unregulated exhaust components in west Germany from 1970 to 2010

On the basis of actual registration numbers of passenger cars subdived in the numbers of gasoline cars without and with catalyst and diesel cars, all subdivided in 3 displacement categories and the corresponding average yearly mileage as well as corresponding emission rates on highways, BMW developed a mathematical model to calculate the exhaust emissions of passenger cars for CO, HC, NOx, Particulates, SO 2, Benzene, PAH and CO 2. The data base for emissions rates starts at 1970 and is available to 1985, for registration numbers up to 1989. For the following years assumptions on the basis of mathematical functions and of legislative changes and engine development are made up to 2010. For the most components investigated the emission is going down significantly. The vehicles between 1.4 to 2 l are the main emitters, vehicles above 2 l due to the already effective use of catalyst are the lowest emitters.

A Database for the Study of the Italian Population Registers

The database presented here was developed to facilitate research on Italian Population Registers. Actually, it was created for the first registers used in Venice, in the period from 1850 to 1869, but its interest might well go far beyond this specific application. In fact, Population Registers are widespread throughout Italy; every commune has its own, theoretically since its entering the new national state, in 1860's or 1870's, possibly even earlier, though of course losses of archival materials may have occurred locally. Basically, their structure and the kind of information they record are always the same. It is probable, therefore, that both database and pro grams can be adapted, with a few minor changes, for the study of other communes, urban or rural, or other periods, and throughout the whole of Italy. Moreover, other European countries, such as Belgium (van de Walle, 1976) and Holland (Janssens, 1986; Boonstra, 1988), employed Population Registers very similar to the Italian ones. If large scale and co-ordinated research on these sources were undertaken, new important results on the demographic and social history of the last century could be reached. As van de Walle (p. 81) put it, ?a population register ideally combines a list of persons that is constantly updated, and a list of events that are happening to them; it is a cross between a census and a vital registrations In other words, it can be defined as a dynamic census and in fact it always starts from a general census systematically updated whenever changes occur in an individual's situation as well as in the composition and address of a household, as long as these maintain their residence in the commune. We can see how this works in Table 1, the reproduction (and translation) of a household form of the Venetian registers. The household forms are one of the two main archival series of the Population Registers system, the other being the actual registers, where households are recorded roughly in alphabetical order. In contrast, the household forms are filed according to the address of the household's re sidence. In relation to every address (identified by quarter and house num ber) there is a folder, containing the forms of the households living there.

Drug evaluation and registration in Hungary.

In Hungary, the actual drug evaluation and registration system reflects international standards and national traditions. The compulsory drug registration system that was established in 1933 was among the first in Europe. Laboratory control (since 1927), clinical trials (since 1951) and human clinical pharmaceutical experiments (since 1967) are prerequisites for new-drug approval. Applications should be sent to the National Institute of Pharmacy, which has the overall responsibility for the registration of pharmaceutical products. Applications are assessed on the basis of the drug's quality, safety, and efficacy. The procedure follows several steps: evaluation of chemical and pharmaceutical data by the staff of the National Institute of Pharmacy; evaluation of toxicologic and pharmacologic documentation with the help of the Committee on Drug Administration; after consultation with the Committee on Medical Research Ethics (mandatory in cases of original new drugs), authorized clinical pharmacologic investigations are conducted in the units of the Clinical Pharmacological Network, which are supervised by the National Center for Clinical Pharmacology; clinical trials; application for registration (scientific evaluation); and finally, application to the Ministry of Health for a marketing authorization. The process may be facilitated appreciably for preparations already registered in another country. Moreover, Hungary is an active member in the World Health Organization (WHO), Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA PIC), the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), and other international pharmaceutical and clinical pharmaceutical collaborations.

PIT: A macro‐implemented implementation language

AbstractAn implementation technique called PIT, for pseudo instructional technique, is described which utilizes the macro capabilities of most macro assemblers. A low level machine architecture is described via a set of macros that include some ‘high level’ features. Since the macros manipulate computer words, and refer to actual registers, their implementation in a system is relatively efficient, but since they do not reflect any one particular hardware design, they can be implemented by almost any macro assembler. Tests are built into the macros so that a PIT program will run without change on any machine that has defined these macrosThis technique should provide an alternative to using higher level languages as implementation languages if the object code produced by those compilers is deemed too slow (or too large) for the application that is being programmed.

A Survey of Jury Verdicts in the Northwest Territories

Sixty-eight criminal charges in all have been tried before jury during the fourteen years the Territorial Court of the Northwest Territories has operated. The writer has presided as judge on twenty-five of these and before that appeared as defence counsel on six. With a personal knowledge of almost one-half the total tried and with ready access to information relating to the others, this short survey or analysis has been attempted to see if any pattern of behaviour in juries can be readily ascertainable. Notes made at the trial, the actual court register and court files have all been examined. The writer has also called upon the phenomenal memory of Everett Tingley who served as court reporter for thirteen of the fourteen years. Alexander Stewart, the present Clerk of the Court and for many years before that a member of the R.C.M.P. serving in some of the Arctic communities involved, was also questioned on some of the cases.

Social and Economic Factors and Negro Voter Registration in the South

The vote is widely considered the southern Negro's most important weapon in his struggle for full citizenship and social and economic equality. It is argued that “political rights pave the way to all others.” Once Negroes in the South vote in substantial numbers, white politicians will prove responsive to the desires of the Negro community. Also, federal action on voting will be met with less resistance from the white South—and southerners in Congress—than action involving schools, jobs, or housing.Such, at least, seems to have been the reasoning behind the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960, both of which deal primarily with the right to vote. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and his predecessor, Herbert Brownell, are both reported to believe that the vote provides the southern Negro with his most effective means of advancing toward equality, and recent actions of the Justice Department seem to reflect this view. Many Negro leaders share this belief in the over-riding importance of the vote. Hundreds of Negro registration drives have been held in southern cities and counties since 1957. Martin Luther King, usually considered an advocate of non-violent direct action, recently remarked that the most significant step Negroes can take is in the “direction of the voting booths.” The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, historically identified with courtroom attacks on segregation, is now enthusiastically committed to a “battle of the ballots.” In March, 1962, the Southern Regional Council announced receipt of foundation grants of $325,000 to initiate a major program to increase Negro voter registration in the South. The Congress of Racial Equality, the NAACP, the National Urban League, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee are among the organizations now participating in the actual registration drives.