Actual Experience Research Articles

Social media influencers' impact during pregnancy and parenting: A qualitative descriptive study.

Pregnant people and parents engage with social media networking sites seeking support and information that is shared in a relatable way. Engaging with social media influencers (SMIs) and their followers, however, may have both affirming and harmful effects. SMIs can facilitate information-sharing, discussion, and supportive behaviors, but engaging with SMIs can lead to negative experiences and exposure to misinformation. To date, little is known about the impacts of following influencers during pregnancy and early parenthood. The aim of this study was to explore how engaging with SMIs impacts pregnant people and parents of children aged 5 or under in Australia. A qualitative descriptive approach was taken. Qualitative data from 85 anonymously completed online written surveys were thematically analyzed using Braun & Clarke's six-step process. Five overarching themes and two subthemes were identified. The first theme, "Comparisons of self," held two subthemes: "Unfavorable comparisons of self to SMIs" and "Favorable comparisons of self to SMIs." Additional themes were "A virtual community of inspiration and togetherness," "Sharing of information, opinions & experiences," "Gatekeeping self-efficacy," and "Credibility." The findings of the study indicated that discordance between influencer-mediated expectations of parenthood and a person's actual experience may affect well-being and perceptions of parental self-efficacy. Information sought from influencers may substitute for face-to-face education by clinicians. Health professionals who are also influencers may possess the ability to provide evidence-based information. This content, however, is not without risk for bias or incompleteness.

Incubationship – A Systematic Analysis of Recently Announced Super Innovation in Higher Education using SWOC, ABCD, and PESTL Frameworks

Purpose: This paper's main goal is to illuminate the revolutionary potential of incubationship in higher education and its broader societal ramifications. This study intends to offer an organized and thorough analysis of incubationship programs by utilizing the SWOC, ABCD, and PESTL frameworks. It aims to identify their benefits and disadvantages, strengths and limitations, and the numerous external circumstances that may have an impact on their success. Additionally, this study provides a road map for institutions, governments, and educators to use incubationship to help create a new generation of independent, creative, and entrepreneurial people. In the end, it adds to the continuing discussion about how higher education has changed by highlighting the crucial role that incubatorship plays in educating students for a society that needs adaptation, creativity, and innovation. In the end, it adds to the continuing conversation about how higher education is evolving by highlighting the crucial role that incubator programs play in preparing students for a future that demands flexibility, innovation, and a proactive approach to problem-solving. Concept: A systematic and supervised process called incubationship essentially gives students the tools they need to find, develop, and eventually launch their new businesses. By bridging the gap between academic theory and real-world entrepreneurial skills, this idea gives students a rare chance to obtain actual experience in business planning, market research, and financial management. It's important to note that Incubationship transcends national boundaries and has a global impact since graduates with entrepreneurial aptitude and creative mindsets leave institutions all around the world. In order to meet the changing needs of our linked and complicated society, this idea serves as a dynamic catalyst for fostering the next generation of problem-solvers, innovators, and job creators. Methodology: This is an exploratory research analysis and makes use of our newly developed conceptual model and systematic analysis of it using SWOC, ABCD, and PESTL frameworks by using the information obtained from various sources like scholarly articles and AI-based GPTs. Results/Analysis: The paper analysed and evaluated the new model of experiential learning called “incubationship” to create an entrepreneur at a higher education level by using systematic analysis frameworks SWOC, ABCD, and PESTL. Originality/Value: The paper systematically analysed a super-innovation model in HE called Incubationship to create innovative entrepreneurs through a semester-long project to nurture the business leaders to start their own businesses. These outcome Startups can be called as Monocorns or Multicorns depending on the number of primary students involved in the Incubationship. Type of Research: Research Analysis.

The deterioration of self-worth in entrepreneurship

This paper explores the deterioration of self-worth in entrepreneurship. Using a 15-month participatory action research in the North of England, we found mismatches between expectations and experiences at three interacting levels—purpose, autonomy, and achievement—which surface as entrepreneurs reflect on execution, performance, and fulfillment experiences. Mismatches materialize as incongruence between the ideal states under pursuit and the actual experiences, which compound leading to a diminished sense of control, direction, and worthiness, which in turn further fuels a cycle of negative emotions, involving anxiety, isolation, shame, and guilt. We discuss implications for entrepreneurs’ mental health.

Strategies of teachers towards Muslim students in Polish schools

Due to over 40 years of seclusion behind the iron curtain (until 1989) and the myth of a single ethnicity, single religion nation, the Polish education system lacks exposure to a multireligious classroom environment. With EU accession in 2004, the situation is gradually changing. Although higher education facilities provide teachers with comprehensive training in this matter, the actual first-hand experience is rare and new. In this paper, we used an exploratory study, based on qualitative data collected in autumn 2022, using an interpretative approach, to identify and describe strategies for the best practices of teachers when working with Muslim students in a Polish classroom. The empirical data was derived from 37 interviews with teachers (25) and with Muslim students (12) covering 5 voivodeships. We aim to provide a valuable source of information for professionals on how to create an inclusive classroom environment. The exploratory study is part of a larger research project that received funding from the EU, titled EMPATHY: Challenging discourse about Islam and Muslims in Poland, [101049389 CERV-2021-EQUAL]. In effect, we identified 2 predominant strategies of teachers for engagement with Muslim students and several best practice examples on how to overcome obstacles to classroom inclusion.

The Fourth Age in Prospect.

Higgs and Gilleard (2015) have uniquely theorized the fourth age as a "social imaginary" of deep old age that blends notions of frailty, abjection, and the moral relations of care. This report evaluates the coherence and reach of the fourth-age imaginary among older adults in relative good health. In a qualitative design and within samples at 5 sites (in Czechia, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the United States), 138 adults aged 70+ and still living independently discussed what it would mean to be "not independent" in later life. Replies referenced other people in general, specific people, and one's own actual or potential experience. Pooled across sites, the views of our participants confirm the theorized features of the social imaginary. Participants spoke readily of gateway infirmities heralding frailty and of frailty's abjection; expressed dread and abhorrence of dependence, some saying that death would be preferable; and were anxious about nursing homes and about burdening others with an obligation to care for them. The bleak but formidable reputation of the fourth age impinges on those living in the third. The consonant expression of fourth-age features among older adults on 3 continents supports Gilleard and Higgs's claim that the fourth-age imaginary "contains a universal ontological quality" owing to human corporeality and the senescence to which it is subject. Fourth-age studies that document the lived experience of frailty and dependence have the potential to undermine the imaginary and furnish new narratives for facing the future.

Outpatient education, a momentous in clinical education: a qualitative study of medical students’, faculty members’, and residents’ perspectives

BackgroundEven though a lot of scholars have been looking at outpatient education lately because it has become more popular and they want to know about its successes, failures, and problems, we have not been able to find a complete study. Therefore, our study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the various aspects of outpatient education based on the actual experiences of medical students, faculty, and residents.MethodsFace-to-face and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data for this qualitative study. Until data saturation was reached, the interviews continued. A total of 21 participants from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, including medical students, residents, and teachers, were enrolled. The Guba and Lincoln-first written standards for scientific accuracy in qualitative research were used to figure out how reliable the data were.ResultsFourteen categories were extracted from four main themes. The results show that four categories: “physical space and equipment,” “prerequisites related to the curriculum,” “teaching skills development,” and “near-peer teachers” should be considered for outpatient education preparation. Theme 2, “implementation requirements,” included “student dimension,” “faculty’s commitment to planning,” and “program supervision.” Theme 3, “challenges of outpatient education,” was described by five related categories, including “curriculum implementation challenges,” “student challenges,” “faculty challenges,” “system-related challenges,” and “patient-related challenges.” Finally, two categories emerged about facilitators of outpatient education: internal and external facilitators.ConclusionOutpatient clinics represent a crucial aspect of medical practice. To effectively leverage this resource, preliminary planning, considering all the prerequisites, paying attention to the implementation requirements, getting to know the challenges, and trying to solve them, especially with incentives, are essential.

THE IMPACT OF FOOD VISUAL AESTHETICS ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF A HEALTHY AND TASTY MEAL IN THE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

The visual appearance of food is an important attribute when people choose food. This paper aims to examine the impact of visual aesthetics on the consumer’s perception of a healthy and tasty meal. The paper consists of two empirical researches, which includes survey and experimental research. The survey results indicate the connection between the visual appearance of meals and the consumer’s perception of health and tasty meals. The experimental research compare consumer expectations about the meal taste based on its visual appearance, and actual consumer experience after tasting that meal. The results show that there are differences in consumer expectations, based on visual aesthetics and they should assist the hospitality and tourism business from acknowledging how the visual aesthetics of food can influence consumers’ food choice decisions. This can be an effective technique for hospitality and tourism companies in attracting consumers and increasing their loyalty.

Beyond the hype—the actual use of blockchain in government

The last few years have seen considerable hype around blockchain technology, as well as promises about what it might offer to society, and its challenges to policymakers. Beyond this hype, what is known about the uses of blockchain in government? What can we learn from actual uses of blockchain for public policy? A recent review of the literature on blockchain concluded that the overwhelming majority of studies are still theoretical, and that empirical data on real applications of blockchain are only just starting to emerge. In this light, this Special Issue brings together papers that include insights into actual experiences of blockchain in government, focusing on questions such as blockchain's real benefits, costs and risks, and public policy responses. All the papers included go beyond a purely theoretical approach to blockchain and offer some insight into what we know - or do not know - about the reality of blockchain in government. Papers deal with blockchain technologies implemented in different countries, at distinct levels of government, and in various sectors. In all cases, an effort is made to extract findings and conclusions towards the challenge of thinking about how best policy can be designed and applied to make the best, and minimising the risks and costs, of this new, disruptive technology.

The positive influence of labor education on college students’ psychological anxiety

BackgroundWith the increasingly fierce social competition, the psychological anxiety of college students has become increasingly prominent. Labor education in the new era, as a comprehensive activity, can play an intervention role in the treatment of psychological anxiety of college students through actual labor experience and social support.Subjects and MethodsA total of 300 college students with psychological anxiety were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group maintained normal study and life. The experimental group participated in a labor education course with a total duration of 8 weeks, and added emotional management skills training in the process of labor education. The Hamilton Depression Scale and the well-being Scale were used to test the student status before and after the course.ResultsThe results showed that after the completion of the course, the score of Hamilton depression scale in the experimental group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), from 18.3±4.2 before the course to 12.7±3.1 after the course; In the control group, the Hamilton Depression Scale score decreased from 24.3±4.4 to 21.6±3.8. The happiness scale score of the experimental group was significantly improved (P < 0.05), from 28.6±5.1 before the course to 36.2±6.3 after the course.ConclusionsIt shows that labor education in the new era has a positive effect on college students’ psychological anxiety, and can be applied to the treatment of college students’ psychological anxiety.

Long-term Clean Intermittent Catheterization Users’ Experience and Practical Barriers: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis

Background: Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC) is the preferred bladder management modality among individuals afflicted with neurogenic bladder and has been deemed a safe and effective treatment. Nevertheless, extensive research reveals that adherence to CIC procedures over a prolonged period of time is less than ideal. Aims: This systematic review aims to collect qualitative information from CIC users to comprehend their actual experiences, assess the impact of CIC on their everyday life, and explore practical barriers to CIC use. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted across four databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus. The author team evaluated the included articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies. A meta-synthesis approach was employed in the analysis of the data. Findings: Eleven studies published in English met the inclusion criteria. The meta-synthesis findings based on third-order analysis confirmed twelve sub-themes that integrate into three higher-order themes, ‘psychological experience’, ‘impact on daily life’, and ‘practical barriers’.

Characteristics of Menopausal Women Smokers in Southern Iran: A Cross-sectional Survey of Bandar-Kong Cohort

Background: The present research aimed to explore the relationship between tobacco consumption and menopause characteristics in women in southern Iran. Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study used the basic data of Bandar Kong Cohort in southern Iran. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on these 867 postmenopausal women . The data collection instrument was a questionnaire based on a review of the related literature, actual experiences, and the existing instruments utilized in cohort studies in Iran and foreign countries. The chi-square test, independent samples t test, and logistic regression analysis were employed for analyses in SPSS. Results: Overall, 867 postmenopausal women were included in the study. Their average age was 57.42±6.34 years. Menopause-smoker women had a lower level of education and body mass index (BMI), and the difference was statistically significant. In the present study, the widows, divorcees, and others used at least one tobacco product such as cigarettes, waterpipe, opium, or alcohol to a greater extent than the married. There was a significant difference between the economic status of postmenopausal women and their tobacco consumption. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated no significant relationship between tobacco and menopause. However, there was a significant relationship between the level of education and BMI and smoking in postmenopausal women. Considering the increase in life expectancy in women and the aging of the population in recent years, the number of postmenopausal women has increased in society. Thus, it is necessary to hold training for lifestyle modification for menopausal women.

Resettlement and Displaced Communities Challenges and Prospects – A Case Study of M-4 Project from Gojra to Shorkot Section

Development is crucial for the prosperity of any country. Infrastructural development plays a vital role in the socioeconomic development of the country. However, sometimes it causes development-induced displacement that results in trauma for displaced community and creates challenges for them. In this vein, the current paper aims to explore challenges and prospects of development-induced development of the M-4 project where in 3674 persons were affected from Gojra to Shorkot. A qualitative stance was adopted to account the actual experiences of the Projected Affected Persons (PAPs), whose families were displaced due to M-4 project. A total of twelve Focus Group Discussions (FDGs) were conducted. In which 93 Project Affected Persons (PAPs) participated. Thematic analysis was carried out to draw major themes. It was found that the affected families faced many social cultural and economic challenges while being displaced from their owned assets. The Project Affected Persons families became homeless and landholders became landless. Their source of livelihood vanished and they felt hard to change their means of livelihood. It is suggested that the government and other funding agencies should play their vibrant role in the diminution of the challenges they are still facing in bringing themselves back into mainstream society.

The patient's perspective on radiation for rectal cancer: Initial expectations versus actual experience.

The aim of this study was to compare patient perceptions of radiotherapy (RT) before and after treatment to better inform future patients and providers. Seventy-eight consecutive patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neo- or adjuvant chemoradiation, surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy from 2009 to 2018 and who were without recurrence were included. Patients were surveyed ≥6 months after ileostomy reversal or ≥3 months after adjuvant chemotherapy. The survey assessed patients' baseline knowledge and fears of RT, how their short- and long-term side effects compared with initial expectations, and how their experiences compared for each modality (RT, surgery, and chemotherapy). Forty patient-responses were received. Before treatment, 70% of patients indicated little to no knowledge of RT, though 43% reported hearing frightening stories about RT. The most commonly top-ranked fears included organ damage (26%), skin burns (14%), and inability to carry out normal daily activities (10%). Eighty percent reported short-term effects of RT to be less than or as expected, with urinary changes (93%), abdominal discomfort (90%), and anxiety (88%) most commonly rated as less than or as expected. 85% reported long-term effects to be less than or as expected, with pain (95%), changes to the appearance of the treated area (85%), and dissatisfaction with body image (80%) most commonly rated as less than or as expected. Surgery was most commonly rated as the most difficult treatment (50%) and most responsible for long-term effects (55%). RT was least commonly rated as the most difficult treatment (13%), and chemotherapy was least commonly rated as most responsible for long-term effects (13%). The majority of patients indicated short- and long-term side effects of RT for rectal cancer to be better than initial expectations. In the context of trimodality therapy, patients reported RT to be the least difficult of the treatments.

Sanitation-related violence against women in informal settlements in Kenya: a quantitative analysis.

Approximately 3.6 billion people around the world do not have access to safe sanitation options. Those lacking access are not only at risk of diarrheal disease, other tropical diseases, and parasitic infections, they are at greater risk of experiencing violence, particularly women and girls. The burden of lack of access to safe sanitation is disproportionately experienced by women in informal settlements in lower- and middle-income countries, where violence rates tend to be higher and access to sanitation lower. Women lacking access to safe toilets often have to walk long distances to access a facility or open site or use shared toilet facilities, which increase their vulnerability to violence. We explore the prevalence and multilevel factors associated with women's experiences, observations, and exposure to stories about past-year sanitation-related violence in a probability sample of 550 women in a large informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regressions. Findings suggest that social/community engagement and social/cultural beliefs are important considerations for hearing about and observing sanitation-related violence, but less so experiences of sanitation-related violence. Alternatively, individual-level and technological factors may be critical factors in actual experiences of violence. Sanitation-related violence and creating an environment of safety in which women can take care of their sanitation-related needs in ways that also protect them, their families, and their communities is critical for meeting sanitation-related development agendas and goals such as Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 to achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all by 2030.

Lived experiences of students with blindness learning and using Braille at Haramaya University in Ethiopia

This study focuses on the lived experiences of students with blindness in learning and using Braille for academic purposes at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. A descriptive phenomenology design was employed, and eight students with blindness were purposefully selected to be the sample for this study. Data were collected using substantive interviews. A digital audio recorder was used to capture the voices of respondents. The data were translated into English using Google Docs and Google Translate (supported by VB audio virtual cable). Then, the data were coded, themed, and analyzed using QDA Miner Lite software. Thematic analysis was used to analyze collected data. There are three main themes and seven subthemes among students with blindness based on their actual experiences learning and using Braille for academic purposes. These are characteristics of blind students who have learned Braille and are using it for learning; contributing factors for knowing Braille and using it; benefits of using Braille; impacts of knowing but not using Braille for academic purposes; reasons for knowing but not using it for learning; factors influencing not learning using Braille; and characteristics of blind students who did not know Braille. The practical intersections of students with blindness knowledge of Braille and their use of it for academic purposes influence their lived experiences. The study encourages and advises administrators of academic programs, curriculum and software developers, and policymakers, including practitioners, to consider Braille interpretation service issues to increase participation and meet the needs of students with blindness during teaching–learning programs in the study area.

Introducing the participant-generated experience and satisfaction (PaGES) index: a novel, longitudinal mixed-methods evaluation tool

BackgroundPatient-Reported Outcomes or Experience Measures (PROMS / PREMS) are routinely used in clinical studies to assess participants’ views and experiences of trial interventions and related quality of life. Purely quantitative approaches lack the necessary detail and flexibility to understand the real-world impact of study interventions on participants, according to their own priorities. Conversely, purely qualitative assessments are time consuming and usually restricted to a small, possibly unrepresentative, sub-sample. This paper, which reports a pilot study within a randomised controlled trial of induction of labour, reports the feasibility, and acceptability of the Participant-Generated Experience and Satisfaction (PaGES) Index, a new mixed qualitative / quantitative PREM tool.MethodsThe single-sheet PaGES Index was completed by hypertensive pregnant women in two hospitals in Nagpur, India before and after taking part in the ‘Misoprostol or Oxytocin for Labour Induction’ (MOLI) randomised controlled trial. Participants recorded aspects of the impending birth they considered most important, and then ranked them. After the birth, participants completed the PaGES Index again, this time also scoring their satisfaction with each item. Forms were completed on paper in the local language or in English, supported by Research Assistants. Following translation (when needed), responses were uploaded to a REDCap database, coded in Excel and analysed thematically. A formal qualitative evaluation (qMOLI) was also conducted to obtain stakeholder perspectives of the PaGES Index and the wider trial. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants, and focus groups with researchers and clinicians. Data were managed using NVivo 12 software and analysed using the framework approach.ResultsParticipants and researchers found the PaGES Index easy to complete and administer; mothers valued the opportunity to speak about their experience. Qualitative analysis of the initial 68 PaGES Index responses identified areas of commonality and difference among participants and also when comparing antenatal and postnatal responses. Theme citations and associated comments scores were fairly stable before and after the birth. The qMOLI phase, comprising 53 one-to-one interviews with participants and eight focus groups involving 83 researchers and clinicians, provided support that the PaGES Index was an acceptable and even helpful means of capturing participant perspectives.ConclusionsSubjective participant experiences are an important aspect of clinical trials. The PaGES Index was found to be a feasible and acceptable measure that unites qualitative research’s explanatory power with the comparative power of quantitative designs. It also offers the opportunity to conduct a before-and-after evaluation, allowing researchers to examine the expectations and actual experiences of all clinical trial participants, not just a small sub-sample. This study also shows that, with appropriate research assistant input, the PaGES Index can be used in different languages by participants with varying literacy levels.Trial registrationClinical Trials.gov (21/11/2018) (NCT03749902).

“Separation, but not Division”: A Southern Italian Perspective on “Lived Conspirituality”

Conspirituality—that is, the connection between conspiracy theories and spirituality—has recently gained popularity in academic and non-academic circles. Often associated with populist and irrational beliefs, it has been linked to right-wing politics, faulty thinking, and disruptive and potentially violent behaviour (Greenwood 2022; Russell 2022). While these connections have been proven to be true in some cases, in this paper, rooted in my long-standing ethnographic research, I offer a contribution that illuminates other aspects of conspirituality—in line with recent attempts to honour the complexity and internal variability of the phenomenon (for example, Greenwood 2022; Ong 2021). In particular, differently from the overwhelming majority of current approaches in the study of conspirituality, I propose to frame the study of conspirituality not only by focusing on ideas and beliefs, but in conversation with the study of “lived religion” (see, for example, Ammerman 2021; Hall 2001; McGuire 2008) in a way that distinguishes the actual experience of persons from normative beliefs and practices. Similarly to what the study of “lived religion” does to the study of religion, I claim that the study of “lived conspirituality” could offer insights into the phenomenon of conspiracism, today (Ong 2020). By analyzing discourses and practices of conspiritualists that I observed on the field, I will challenge mainstream interpretations of the role of the individual and of marginality in New Age conspirituality.

A Study on the Contact Characteristics of Tires-Roads Based on Pressure-Sensitive Film Technology.

Tire-road characteristics are a critical focus of research in the automotive and transportation industries. On the one hand, the research can help optimize tires' structural design; on the other hand, it can analyze the mechanical response of the pavement structure under the vehicle load. In addition, the non-uniformity distribution of the tire ground stress will also have a direct impact on the skid resistance, which determines the driving safety. Due to the limitation of testing technology, the measurement of tire ground pressure was mainly carried out on a flat test platform, ignoring the roughness of the actual pavement surface texture. The tire-road contact characteristics research on the macro-texture and micro-texture of asphalt pavement needs to be broken through. A high-precision pressure-sensitive film measurement system is utilized to examine the actual contact characteristics between two types of automobile tires and three types of asphalt pavement in this paper. The influence law of pavement texture and patterned tires on the contact area and stress was explored, and the concentration effect of tire-road contact stress was evaluated. The results indicate that the contact area of grounding tires exhibits a nearly linear relationship with tire inflation pressure and load. Notably, the change in load has a more significant influence on the contact area than tire inflation pressure. On asphalt pavement, the contact reduction rate decreases by approximately 5-10% for block pattern tires and 10-15% for longitudinal pattern tires. Furthermore, as the texture depth of the pavement increases, the contact area between tires and the pavement texture decreases. The actual tire-road interface experiences significant stress concentration due to the embedding and meshing effects between the tire and road surface. Even on a flat steel surface, the peak stress at the edge of the tread block exceeds the 0.7 MPa design load, which is about 2.5-3 times higher than the design uniform load. The peak stress between the tire and asphalt pavement reaches 4-10 times the design uniform load, with a rising trend as the pavement texture depth increases. This study can provide relevant experimental technical support for tire design and functional design of asphalt pavement.

Lunar Orbit acquisition of the Korea Pathfinder lunar orbiter: Design reference vs actual flight results

The Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), officially named as Danuri, is the Republic of Korea's first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. The goal of KPLO is to secure core deep space technology for future space exploration in Korea and contribute to lunar science by gathering data from the lunar orbit for one year. This paper presents the results of KPLO's Lunar Orbit Acquisition (LOA) phase in detail, with a particular focus on the operational results of Flight Dynamics (FD). During the LOA phase, the KPLO FD team experienced many expected and unexpected issues. These issues were mitigated by making real-time updates to the LOA phase Design Reference Mission (DRM). The paper also presents the results of the Orbit Determination (OD) and performance of each Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) maneuver conducted during the actual flight operation. The importance of considering operational constraints when designing the DRM is emphasized by presenting lessons learned based on actual flight experiences. Unlike the original KPLO LOA phase DRM, KPLO successfully achieved the final mission orbit using only three LOI burns, instead of the planned five LOI burns and an Orbit Trim Maneuver (OTM). Despite the extensive revisions made to the DRM, all mission requirements were still fulfilled during the final lunar orbit insertion, taking into account the significant operational constraints.

Subjective evaluations of alcohol-involved sexual experiences over time among heavy-drinking college students: Comparisons across gender

The current study described how positive sexual experiences impact hypothetical subjective evaluations at follow up relative to baseline. Eighty-eight college students who engaged in weekly heavy episodic drinking participated. At baseline, participants reported alcohol use and hypothetical evaluations of alcohol-involved sexual experiences. During a 28-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA), participants completed next morning surveys and reported whether they engaged in a sexual/romantic experience and subjective evaluation of any sexual/romantic experience. At follow-up, participants re-reported all hypothetical evaluations. Associations between baseline and follow-up evaluations for “living out a sexual fantasy” and having an “alcohol-facilitated sexual experience” were not moderated by gender or positive sexual experiences. However, associations between baseline and follow-up “alcohol-intensified sex” were moderated by gender and having a positive sexual experience during the EMA study. Among women who had a positive sexual experience, evaluations of alcohol-intensified sex remained stable over time. For men who had a positive sexual experience, evaluations at follow up became less positive relative to their evaluations at baseline. Whereas positive sexual experiences served to confirm positive evaluations over time for women, evaluations decreased for men. Women and men who did not engage in sexual experiences did not need/rely on actual lived experiences in order to maintain their positive evaluations over time. Placing such a high emphasis on alcohol on intensifying sex without actual lived experience of negotiating consent when drinking could place college students at increased risk of sexual perpetration/victimization.