Actual Experience Research Articles

Success factors in adaptation of newly graduated nurses: a scoping review

BackgroundDifficulties in adapting to the workplace can affect newly graduated nurses’ transition. Such nurses must adapt quickly, as it can affect their future career prospects. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the success factors that promote newly graduated nurses’ effective transition and adaptation.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute scoping reviews methodology was used. Data were extracted from MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science publications published between 2011 and 2020. A total of 23 articles were included in this review, which comprised qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods primary research studies focusing on the contributing factors that aided newly graduated nurses’ adaptation to the work environment during their transition period. Key emerging themes were identified with thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) organisational contribution (social development, organisational culture, work characteristics, work readiness, work commitment, professional role), (2) personality traits (self-embodiment, personality masking, being proactive and confident), and (3) academic institutions (pre-entry knowledge and role of nursing faculty). Newly graduated nurses’ adaptation should begin during nursing education, be supported by the workplace organisation, and driven by the nurse’s personality. We determined that that the role of nursing education in aiding the provision of the required knowledge and actual clinical experiences to students profoundly affected developing nurses’ self-confidence levels in delivering nursing care effectively. Additionally, a warm environment supported nurses emotionally and physically.ConclusionsWhile organisations and educational institutions have undertaken numerous efforts to ensure that newly graduated nurses are adequately supported, the nurse’s personality and values are also equally important to ease adaptation during the transition process. Academic and workplace programs designed for newly graduated nurses should apply and emphasise this knowledge to develop and strengthen their personalities and values, especially to increase confidence and promote proactive values that facilitate newly graduated nurses’ rapid and effective adaptation to their new employment.

Critical Reassessments: “My Heart Laid Bare”: A Deep Rereading of Daniel Hoffman’s Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe

Critical Reassessments: “My Heart Laid Bare”: A Deep Rereading of Daniel Hoffman’s <i>Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe</i>

Complexity of options related to restarting oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in national immunization programs after OPV cessation.

Background: The polio eradication endgame continues to increase in complexity. With polio cases caused by wild poliovirus type 1 and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses of all three types (1, 2 and 3) reported in 2022, the number, formulation, and use of poliovirus vaccines poses challenges for national immunization programs and vaccine suppliers. Prior poliovirus transmission modeling of globally-coordinated type-specific cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) assumed creation of Sabin monovalent OPV (mOPV) stockpiles for emergencies and explored the potential need to restart OPV if the world reached a specified cumulative threshold number of cases after OPV cessation. Methods: We document the actual experience of type 2 OPV (OPV2) cessation and reconsider prior modeling assumptions related to OPV restart. We develop updated decision trees of national immunization options for poliovirus vaccines considering different possibilities for OPV restart. Results: While OPV restart represented a hypothetical situation for risk management and contingency planning to support the 2013-2018 Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) Strategic Plan, the actual epidemiological experience since OPV2 cessation raises questions about what, if any, trigger(s) could lead to restarting the use of OPV2 in routine immunization and/or plans for potential future restart of type 1 and 3 OPV after their respective cessation. The emergency use listing of a genetically stabilized novel type 2 OPV (nOPV2) and continued evaluation of nOPV for types 1 and/or 3 add further complexity by increasing the combinations of possible OPV formulations for OPV restart. Conclusions: Expanding on a 2019 discussion of the logistical challenges and implications of restarting OPV, we find a complex structure of the many options and many issues related to OPV restart decisions and policies as of early 2023. We anticipate many challenges for forecasting prospective vaccine supply needs during the polio endgame due to increasing potential combinations of poliovirus vaccine choices.

The feedback I want versus the feedback I need: Investigating students' perceptions of feedback

AbstractGetting feedback on assignments is a ubiquitous educational experience. Researchers have typically described the feedback process in one of two ways—feedback as transmission of information from a more knowledgeable other to the learner or feedback as a student‐centered dialogue. The present study highlights a gap between theory and practice by comparing undergraduate students' perceptions of the purpose and preferred content of feedback to the views of academics. To measure students' perceptions and preferences about feedback, we administered a survey to 80 undergraduate students from a large research university in the United States. We also analyzed the content of genuine feedback a subset of those students received as part of one of their authentic classroom assignments. Overall, results suggest a shared understanding of the purpose of feedback between students and academics. However, students do not necessarily want to receive feedback that reflects those purposes. Theoretical and practical implications of this misalignment between students' views on the purpose of feedback and their actual experiences with feedback are discussed.

Sexual Labor in the Athenian Courts

Sexual Labor in the Athenian Courts

Experience and Resilience of Japanese Public Health Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Impact on Burnout.

Japanese public health nurses (PHNs) at public health centers (PHCs) have played critical roles in infection prevention and control during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the actual pandemic-related experiences of PHNs and the relation between their experiences, individual resilience, two components of organizational resilience (system and human resilience), and burnout. An analysis of the responses of 351 PHNs revealed that mid-level PHNs scored higher in experience and lower in organizational resilience compared with those in other positions. More than 80% of respondents experienced inappropriate staff allocation. Multiple regression revealed that burnout was positively associated with the components of the experience of PHNs and negatively with individual and human resilience. In hierarchical multiple regression with depersonalization as the dependent variable, the sign of system resilience reversed from negative to positive when human resilience was added. The results highlight the need to prepare for future health crises including establishing a system with enough personnel, promoting human resilience such as collaboration among staff members, and burnout prevention measures, especially among mid-level PHNs. The study also described alternative approaches to comprehend system resilience-namely, a suppression variable of human resilience, promotion of depersonalization, and multicollinearity-and the need for further research on organizational resilience.

Chinese Wine Consumers’ Product Evaluation: Effects of Product Involvement, Ethnocentrism, Product Experience and Antecedents

This research provides nuanced insights from a consumer-centric behavioural psychology perspective, by developing a theoretically grounded motivational process model of product evaluation, viewed through a country-of-origin (COO) lens, incorporating the focal constructs of product involvement, product knowledge, consumer ethnocentrism (CET) and antecedents related to wine buying in China. An online survey of 934 consumers across China in a range of 12 tier-1 and tier-2 cities investigates the effects of several independent variables on COO product category evaluation. The findings provide valuable contrasting insights between evaluations of products originating from developed economies (France and Australia) and a transitional economy (China), the home country. We validate a 10-item version of the CETSCALE and apply multiple linear regression (MLR) modelling to test the hypothesised relationships. We further contribute by examining both main and interaction effects of the empirically enhanced model. We conclude that CET, product involvement, product purchase experience and, travel exposure significantly impact COO product evaluations, through actual product purchase experience, while product purchase frequency does not. CET also has a significant mediating effect on product evaluation through both involvement and actual product purchasing experience. Gender has direct effects on CET and product evaluation, as does household income on product evaluation.

Anticipatory value-in-use in early-stage digital health service transformations: How consumers assess value propositions before and after abrupt, exogenous shocks

Digital service transformations affect how consumers experience value-in-use. Yet, the process consumers use to evaluate value propositions for emergent, early-stage service transformations remains unclear. This is especially true for digital service transformations brought on by exogenous shocks requiring a near-immediate response. The abrupt lockdown of face-to-face services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic forced many organizations to launch remote offerings with little prior usage. In a telemedicine context, we develop an Anticipatory Value-in-Use Framework, investigating how consumers’ value-in-use process for a digital service transformation unfolds across three stages: value-in-use prerequisites, anticipatory value co-creation, and anticipatory value-in-use. Using SmartPLS we analyze 669 responses collected pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown. Our results demonstrate the framework offers a consistent conceptualization of how consumers formulate anticipatory value-in-use when actual experience with the service transformation is lacking. However, consumers may weigh factors differently following exogenous shock-imposed transformations, requiring marketers to carefully articulate a transformation’s value propositions.

Current Status of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Korea : A Post Hoc Analysis of Korea Neurotrauma Databank Project with a Nationwide Survey.

This study aimed to investigate the current status of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in Korea and the association between ICP monitoring and prognosis. In addition, a survey was administered to Korean neurosurgeons to investigate the perception of ICP monitoring in patients with sTBI. This study used data from the second Korea Neurotrauma Databank (KNTDB). Among the enrolled patients with sTBI, the following available clinical data were analyzed in 912 patients: Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, ICP monitoring, mortality, and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 6 months. In addition, we administered a survey, entitled "current status and perception of ICP monitoring in Korean patients with sTBI" to 399 neurosurgeons who were interested in traumatic brain injury. Among the 912 patients, 79 (8.7%) patients underwent ICP monitoring. The mortality and favorable outcome were compared between the groups with and without ICP monitoring, and no statistically significant results were found. Regarding the survey, there were 61 respondents. Among them, 70.4% of neurosurgeons responded negatively to performing ICP monitoring after craniectomy/craniotomy, while 96.7% of neurosurgeons responded negatively to performing ICP monitoring when craniectomy/craniotomy was not conducted. The reasons why ICP monitoring was not performed were investigated, and most respondents answered that there were no actual guidelines or experiences with post-operative ICP monitoring for craniectomy/craniotomy. However, in cases wherein craniectomy/craniotomy was not performed, most respondents answered that ICP monitoring was not helpful, as other signs were comparatively more important. The proportion of performing ICP monitoring in patients with sTBI was low in Korea. The outcome and mortality were compared between the patient groups with and without ICP monitoring, and no statistically significant differences were noted in prognosis between these groups. Further, the survey showed that ICP monitoring in patients with sTBI was somewhat negatively recognized in Korea.

Place-bound memory and people-bound memory affecting destination loyalty in the food tourism industry

It is significant to promote food tourism behavior. This paper aims to build a comprehensive behavior model of tourists suitable for food tourism to promote such tourism in Chongqing city, China. The paper deals with the place-bound and people-bound memories affecting tourist satisfaction, perceived holiday quality of life, and experience loyalty in the food tourism industry. The data were collected from 413 tourists who have experience traveling to Chongqing city through the online questionnaire. Multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network simulation provides a basis for factor ranking for structural equation modeling. The results show that place-bound and people-bound factors can predict experience memory, experience satisfaction, holiday quality of life, experience loyalty, and destination loyalty. In addition, it reveals the mediating role of experiential memory and contributes to the process of memory formation. Place-bound factors emphasize the vital role of marketing and social media information. They are consistent with the actual food experience of tourists at the destination. People-bound factors explained the different aspects of the food experience. The noteworthy aspects are intelligence, emotion, sense, behavior, and natural flow experience. The research results show that tourists, local governments, and tourism departments should focus on developing memory structures with local characteristics and improving quality and experienced food tourism destinations so that tourists can gain more sensory experiences or other experiences to attract more food tourists.

MP61-04 LIFE EXPECTANCY AND THE CHOICE OF RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP61-04 LIFE EXPECTANCY AND THE CHOICE OF RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY Roderick Clark and Steven Narod Roderick ClarkRoderick Clark More articles by this author and Steven NarodSteven Narod More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003319.04AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: In deciding upon radical prostatectomy for a prostate cancer patient, urologists are asked to consider a patient’s life expectancy as well as tumour aggressiveness. NCCN recommends observation or non-surgical management for men with low- or intermediate-risk cancer who have a life expectancy of less than ten years. It is unclear how life expectancy calculated at diagnosis accurately reflects the actual mortality experience. The objective of this study is to determine the proportion of men who are over the age of 65 at the time of surgery who die of prostate cancer versus other causes within 10-years. METHODS: We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER) program. Our study included 35,035 men with prostate cancer diagnosed between the years 1992 -1997 who were between the ages 60-80 at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the men in the study, 13,383 (38.2%) died within ten years of diagnosis. Of these, 2,689 (20%) died of prostate cancer and 9,773 (73%) died of another cause (921 missing data). Of the 2689 men who died of prostate cancer within 10-years of diagnosis, 38.6% had a radical prostatectomy. Of the 9773 men who died of another cause within 10-years of diagnosis, 38.6% had a radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: After stratifying by age of diagnosis, the proportions of men who did and who did not have a radical prostatectomy varied little by the actual ten-year mortality experience of the groups. We should either improve our mortality estimation methods for patients being considered for radical prostatectomy or re-evaluate the clinical utility of recommending this as part of the assessment before surgery. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e853 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Roderick Clark More articles by this author Steven Narod More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Specifying Visual Parameters for Haptic-Visual Sequential Matching of Material Softness.

When shopping online, a customer cannot directly touch the products but may sometimes make judgments about the haptic properties of a product based only on visual information, before making a purchase decision. In this scenario, a customer may be dissatisfied if there is an inconsistency in the judgment of the product's haptic properties they made before purchasing, and their actual experience of those haptic properties once they have received the product. Thus, it is necessary for online sellers to appropriately optimize visual information for materials so that perceived softness is consistent between haptic and visual modalities presented in different locations and at different moments in time. Focusing on visual indentation depth and speed, we examined the visual parameters used to sequentially match haptic and visual softness from haptic and visual information made available in different locations and at different times. Participants performed a two-alternative forced choice task to determine which of two video clips contained an elastic material with a softness impression most similar to the haptic softness of an actual material that the participants indented with their index finger. Based on a sequence of 25 repeated judgments for each material, our algorithm optimized each visual parameter based on a Gaussian process. The optimized visual indentation depth varied consistently with material compliance, while the optimized visual indentation speed did not, suggesting that visual indentation depth was critical for softness matching. The optimized visual indentation depth was highly correlated with the haptic indentation depth. Subjective rating scores for the softness matching increased significantly after the optimization process. The results indicate that participants are able to successfully match the haptic and visual softness of materials by checking the relationship between indentation depths detected haptically, and those detected visually.

Dear Palestine: A Social History of the 1948 War by Shay Hazkani

Reviewed by: Dear Palestine: A Social History of the 1948 War by Shay Hazkani Abigail Jacobson Shay Hazkani. Dear Palestine: A Social History of the 1948 War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2021. 352 pp. In this fascinating and engaging book, Shay Hazkani takes the readers on a unique journey into the history of the 1948 War. Much has been written on the history of this war, which was probably the most significant and dramatic turning point in this history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, yet Hazkani’s book offers an unusual contribution to this scholarship. Based on hundreds of personal letters, diaries, army magazines, radio broadcasts, and pamphlets of Jewish and Arab soldiers who fought in the war, either in the ranks of the Israel Defense Forces or the Arab League’s Volunteer Army (ALA), Dear Palestine examines the ways ordinary soldiers experienced the war and their role in it. The book follows the preparation and indoctrination in the early stages of the war, and carefully analyzes the soldiers’ contemplations regarding the meanings and implications of the war and the violence they experienced and were part of. Moreover, and maybe most importantly, this rich account, based on the untapped corpus of soldiers’ letters, challenges and questions the Arab/Jew binary that is so prevalent in the historiography of the Arab-Israeli conflict in general, and of the 1948 War in particular. In fact, the soldiers’ accounts during the war show that these nationalist categories are much more complex, diverse, and full [End Page 215] of internal contradictions than usually thought. In this, Hazkani’s book is part of a growing scholarship that follows the relational history approach to the study of the relations between Jews and Arabs, and that complicates these identities. Part of the important contribution of the book to the historical accounts of the war in particular, and the historiography of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in general, lies in the corpus of sources used by Hazkani, and the reflective way he incorporates them. As such, in the introduction, conclusion, as well in several points throughout the book, Hazkani critically discusses the sources he uses, their methodological limitations and advantages, and uses this sensitive and unique corpus in a smart and reflective way. Each of the book’s five chapters examines a separate stage in the journeys that Jewish and Arab volunteers who fought in 1948 went through. The first chapter focuses on the mobilization process of Jewish and Arab soldiers as they were conscripted, or volunteered, to take arms and join the war efforts in Palestine. Carefully scrutinizing the different groups and the processes that brought them to the front line, Hazkani exposes the different meaning of “fighting for Palestine” for various groups. Those include, for example, Moroccan Jews, Holocaust survivors, American Jews, as well as Lebanese, Syrian, Jordanian, and Egyptian Arabs of different ethnoreligious backgrounds. The second chapter continues to the next stage of these soldiers’ journeys, namely the propaganda, indoctrination, and preparations that the IDF and ALA utilized. The chapter follows the training of the soldiers, the use of propaganda mechanisms, and the depictions of the enemy. The comparison between the ALA’s and IDF’s propaganda and indoctrination mechanisms is fascinating and reveals many internal frictions and tensions within these two forces. The third chapter discusses the motivations and reasons that brought the Arab and Jewish recruits to fight in Palestine. Through a careful analysis of soldiers’ letters and accounts, Hazkani points to the ways in which different ideologies, such as Pan-Arabism, Pan-Islam, nationalism, and anticolonial struggle, all mixed together in soldiers’ identities and motivations to fight. He reveals how Moroccan Jewish volunteers were gradually exposed to racism and discrimination from their fellow Ashkenazic soldiers and how their experience was radically different from that of the Ashkenazic volunteers who came from the United States, for example. The experience of Moroccan soldiers complicates the national Zionist narrative regarding the role of the Zionist movement in saving Moroccan Jews and incorporating them into the Zionist and later Israeli “melting pot.” These very intimate reflections and contemplations are discussed further in chapter 4, which focuses on the actual experience of war and violence on the...

Use of locative postposition-verb construction in Korean: analysis of L1-Korean corpora and L2-Korean textbooks

A usage-based account argues that the actual experience of language use greatly affects the course of language acquisition. On the basis of this premise, this study investigates how language textbooks, as a main input source for L2 learners, reflect the properties of a target language. We focus on a Korean locative postposition–verb construction, consisting of one of the three locative postpositions (– ey, – eyse and –( u) lo) and particular sets of verbs. For this purpose, we adopt representative L1 written/spoken corpora in Korean and two L2-Korean textbook corpora, and analysed three aspects of them: frequency of these postpositions and verbs, their association strength, and change in use of the construction’s components across the corpora. We find that ( i) verb types co-occurring with each postposition follow the Zipfian distribution in both datasets, ( ii) L1 corpora and L2 textbooks are inconsistent with their manifestation of postposition–verb associations within the construction, and ( iii) the two textbook types differ in verb use co-occurring with the postpositions. The implications of this study’s findings are discussed in terms of the acquisitional benefits of constructional frames and using corpora for L2 learning and teaching

Jang Yeon Jin;Kim Jin Sook

본 연구는 이중관계에 대한 사회복지사의 윤리적 신념이 어떠하며, 얼마나 경험하고 있는지를 살펴보고, 응답자의 인구사회학적, 기관 및 업무 특성에 따라 신념이나 경험에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 사회복지사를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 530명의 응답 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 응답자들은 이중관계에 대한 신념에 대해서는 다소 허용적인 기준을 가지고 있었으나, 실제 경험은 적은 것으로 나타났다. 세부적으로는 성적 관계보다 대가성 관계나 개인적 관계에 대해 더 허용적이었으며 경험도 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 인구사회학적, 기관 및 업무 특성에 따른 응답자의 이중관계 신념과 경험의 차이는 성별, 사회복지학 학위 여부, 경력, 연령, 지역규모 등에 있어서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 사회복지실천에 있어 윤리교육 방향을 제언하였다.This study aimed to examine what social workers’ ethical beliefs about dual relationships were, how much they experienced them, and whether there were differences in beliefs or experiences depending on the sociodemographic background of the respondents. To this end, an online survey was conducted targeting social workers across the country and the results of 530 responses were analyzed. As a result of the analysis it was found that the respondents had somewhat permissive standards for their belief in dual relationships but had little actual experience. In detail, it was found that they were more permissive and had more experience with relationships based on compensational or personal relationships than sexual relationships. In addition, the difference in dual relationship beliefs and experiences of respondents according to demographic characteristics showed significant differences in gender, social welfare degree, experience, age, and location in a large city. Based on these results, the direction of ethics education in social welfare practice was suggested.

Molding the S&amp;T Workforce: Analysis on the Implementation of Republic Act 7687 Among University of the Philippines Los Baños Undergraduate DOST Scholars

In the Philippines, the lack of access to education of the youth is seen as one of the salient concerns of the economy, hence, affects the socio-economic development of the country. This problem occurs from the poor implementation of policies and programs and lack of government support and initiatives which evidently are the root causes of the slow improvement of the Philippine education system. This study aims to assess the implementation of Republic Act 7687 or the act that institutionalizes the science and technology scholarship in the country in relation to the actual experiences of the UPLB undergraduate DOST scholars. In support to this, the actors involved in the policy implementation including the DOST-SEI and UPLB-OUR were also considered in this study. The specific issues and challenges towards the DOST scholarships were also discussed in this paper to help in improving the effectiveness of the Republic Act 7687 as a policy. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers employed both survey and structured interview research designs. Results showed that, in general, the student respondents are satisfied with how RA 7687 is being implemented at UPLB. However, the long and stringent process of the university’s registration and late issuance of Form 5 and delay in the release of scholars’ stipend/allowance became the major concerns of the respondents. Thus, researchers provided specific recommendations for DOST-SEI and UPLB-OUR to improve their system and process, specifically in managing the RA 7687 or the DOST Scholarship Program.

청각장애인의 심리상담 경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the types of experiences the deaf have through psychological counseling from a phenomenological perspective to solve psychological problems to achieve a better understanding of the essence of those experiences. To achieve this research purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with six deaf people who had received at least 10 psychological counseling sessions at a deaf welfare institution and analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological research 5-step analysis method.&#x0D; In this study, the essential meaning of psychological counseling experienced by the deaf is that the hearing impaired perceive the differences and conflicts they experience as a minority in society as natural. This suggests a new perspective on problems while experiencing the decisive moment between the counselor, oneself, and third-party assistants who form a triangular alliance with an open mind that is not held back by communication barriers and prejudices. Psychological counseling for the deaf is a place where they can practice, and through small changes in counseling, they decide between two options at the end of counseling.&#x0D; This study found commonalities in the concrete and actual experiences of deaf people through psychological counseling at a psychological counseling site for deaf, which lacks study data. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study can be used as data that can assist deaf clients with deaf psychological counseling.

재난현장 소방지휘관 지휘 능력 향상을 위한 교육·훈련 지휘능력지표 개선에 관한 연구

The critical issue of the lack of command ability of fire commanders who exercise independent command authority throughout the entire disaster process continues to be raised by firefighting organizations, the media, and disaster researchers. Therefore, this study aims to secure the fire commander’s ability to command a disaster site to prevent damage to firefighters working in the field, the purpose of this study is to suggest improvement plans limited to the command capability indicators in terms of education and training that can demonstrate successful command in the entire process of disaster response operations to prevent the spread of damage through early disaster responnes. The research method sets seven major research and analysis indicators such as information analysis/situation judgment ability, on-site situation judgment ability, command/control ability, contingency response ability, resource management ability, leadership, and knowledge of related knowledge, which are the core command competencies of commanders. We quantitatively analyzed whether the set indicators were reflected in the jop training process in firefighting, maritime police, and police training institutions, which are public officials organizations for specific positions. As a result of the analysis, the fire department, the on-site commander of the fire department, is required to have a higher level of command ability than the fire brigade, but the same command ability index was set as that of the fire brigade. In particular, it was found that in the fire department, which is performing the important duties of the regional emergency control group compared to the fire brigade and the fire department, acquisition of expertise, response to contingency situations, and information analysis judgment werw not even set in the command capability index, It was analyzed that firefighting had the lowest rate of reflection of the 7 key indicators of direct competency in the curriculum compared to the Coast Guard and the police. In conclusion, compared to the maritime police and the police, the seven core indicators of the on-scene commander’s command ability in the fire service are significantly insufficient in the reflection rate of the command competency indicators that suggest the direction of order to strengthen the command competency of firefighting field commanders, the command competency development competency and command capability index must be developed and reconfigured as soon as possible, and then the competency elements must be designed in detail to correct and supplement the insufficient competency within a short period of time. This is because education and training without a clear goal and direction are nothing more than a building in that cannot carry out the mission assigned to the organizations. Firefighting develops a process in which non-executives can participate in the process of non-executive participation, such as the police job training process, and prepares for unexpected developments of disasters. It is suggested that the entire shift be centered on virtual reality actual experience, such as acquiring, analyzing, and judging scientific disaster information that can be done. when the proposal is implemented, it is necessary to operate the process of conducting a preliminary evaluation of the fire commander’s 7 command ability indicators, develop a command ability index reflecting the evaluation results, and conduct a command ability test after completion of the course, and continue to revise and supplement according to the achievement of command ability.

THE UNDERSIDE OF TECHNOLOGY: LIFECYCLES OF LIBERACIÓN IN THE DIGITAL AGE

In The Underside of Modernity: Apel, Ricoeur, Rorty, Taylor, and the Philosophy of Liberation (1996), Enrique Dussel prescribes a philosophical pushback to what Eduardo Mendieta calls the ‘discourses of Modernity.’ Emanating from the global south, as both proximate and philosophical situations, Dussel elegantly unravels a metaphysical prescription of Modernity as the blueprint of empire articulated via political, religious, and cultural hegemonic universality. The goal is to reimagine the ethics of liberation outside of Modernity’s stranglehold on philosophy. Dussel’s thesis is simple: resistance to dominant hegemonic frames which center Western Modernity as that which must be repelled passively accepts those frames as a starting point. In other words, framing resistance as negation (i.e., postmodernism) upholds a binary of dominance/resistance wherein the myth of Modernity remains dialectically centered. What Dussel advocates for is a lens enabling us “...to stand outside the reality within which we live in order to critically understand it” (Burton &amp; Osario, 2011, p. 26). To this end, he proposes a ‘transmodern’ position that privileges practices of the ‘Other’—on outskirts of the Modern colonial scheme—as focal points of liberation philosophy. In his ‘analectic’ method, Dussel decenters the Modern as a starting point of investigation and/or resistance, privileging the material realities of the ‘Other’ as locus of cultural knowledge. In the vein of decolonial inquiry, the ‘Other’ is of the anterior of hegemonic frames, a subject on/of the outskirts that, when face-to-face with dominant hegemony, presents a new way of understanding systems, universalities (which Dussel believes exist, just not as prescribed by Modernity), and the very prescription of the Modern subject. In defining liberation as praxis, the analectic method accounts for the complex realities of the colonized as targets of, and transgressors to, systems of colonization, depending upon material context. Our panel draws inspiration from the analectical approach and includes papers that elucidate the material realities of Otherness on the underside of technology. In an age of technological globalization tethered to neoliberal market principles, we argue that approaching questions of technological expansionism via traditional ‘discourses of technology’ that perpetuate the dominance/resistance binary is insufficient if the aim of decolonizing the internet, the systems which support it, and the artefacts which connect us to it is to be achieved. By focusing instead on individual acts of resistance to totalizing technological systems, we investigate the complexities of living within the landscape of technological hegemony from the lens of the user. From migrants of the global south who both rely upon, and transgress, mobile technologies and the critical infrastructure which supports it, to everyday consumers of technology that often universalize and therefore industrialize lived experiences, the metaphor of existing within and simultaneously reacting to systems of colonization persists. Specifically, we clarify the lifecycle of technological expansionism, from the act of occupation to individual acts of resistance in specific panel presentations that discuss: - Imagined infrastructures of the ‘smart’ (neo-colonial) city. - The push and pull of maintaining Latinx identity within homogeneous digital platforms. - The emotional and physical labor of Asian American women in countering Western narratives which totalize “Asian” identity as monolithic. - The South American migrant experience as dependent upon and reactionary to critical infrastructure. - Corporeal memorialization as resistance to industrialized memory. Each panel topic identifies technological systems, platforms, and/or infrastructures as modern-day instantiations of colonialism as a basis of investigation. For example, multiple papers clarify technological systems and infrastructures as conduits of cultural imperialism, evident in global urban transformation projects and the industrialization of memory, while others query the role of platform affordances in perpetuating inequity and encouraging monolithic identity. As pushback to this totalization, multiple papers highlight the liminal experience of ‘Otherness,’ caught between the tensions of material reality and the opacity of dominant technological systems that often shape, steer, and ultimately universalize human experience. Centering the lens of the individual, we investigate the necessary utility of global technologies (the ‘realities within which we live’) while articulating how actual experience with, and consumption of, these technologies by those on the periphery (those who ‘stand outside’ that reality) can inform a critical understanding of their socio-technical impact. These research topics identify the importance and relevance of decolonial philosophy as a primary framework for understanding the path to liberation from the enveloping forces of global technological systems. In encouraging an analectic, transmodern approach to questions of technological hegemony, we decenter the discourses of Modernity, and by extension the circular dominance/resistance feedback loop which informs much traditional critical scholarship. This panel offers a glimpse from the outskirts, from the periphery of the colonial horizon, situating praxis as foundational to clarifying our socio-technical ontologies.

KURUMSAL ETNOGRAFYA: TEMEL YÖNLERİ VE TEORİK TEMELLER

This paper demonstrates how institutional ethnography provides a way forward for social scientists to explore how social organization of work shape people’s daily lives and transform their experiences into institutional knowledge. Institutional ethnography is a qualitative method of inquiry taking individual’s experience and standpoint as a starting point and try to explore the textually mediated forms of coordination and control in institutional settings. According to this theory, institutional texts are tools that transform subjects' experiences into knowledge necessary for institutional functioning. Institutional ethnography claims that the transformation of knowledge leads the a bifurcation between the reality of the owner of the actual experience and the institutional reality. As a result, the individual whose experience is processed and transformed for the needs priorities of the system is alienated from his/her own experience and becomes disadvantaged against the institutional system. Within this regard, institutional ethnography has a critical and activist perspective with its search for power relations and social inequalities within institutional organizations. In this paper, the theoretical and philosophical foundations of institutional ethnography, and its main concepts and principles as a research methodology are revealed by the systematic review of the relevant literature. In addition, the differences and common aspects of institutional ethnography from other sociological theories such as the feminist standpoint approach, Marxist theory, ethnomethodology and phenomenology have been tried to be revealed.