Actual Construction Research Articles

A hybrid building information modeling and collaboration platform for automation system in smart construction

Building information modeling (BIM) technology can organically combine data modeling and virtual reality, and compare them with actual construction objects to realize the smart collaboration of entity and the model in the construction processes, greatly reducing early stage mistakes and improve construction efficiency. This paper proposed an automation system framework of smart construction based on BIM technology and collaboration platform, and discussed the element configuration of smart construction based on BIM technology and collaboration platform, and finally elaborated the working mechanism of automated system based on BIM technology and collaboration platform. The study results show that the automation system based on the BIM technology and collaboration platform supports the rapid construction of large-scale three-dimensional scenes and the precise integration of multi-source data, and can bring together construction information and asset information from different sources to form an open, safe, and accessible digital environment. The application of smart construction technology in construction cost management has brought huge economic benefits, construction efficiency has been increased by 65%, construction period has been shortened by 30%, labor intensity has been reduced by 27%, and labor productivity has been increased by 39%, which has brought considerable indirect benefits to construction projects.

Point cloud registration considering safety nets during scaffold installation using sensor fusion and deep learning

Accidents and fatalities during scaffolding work are significant concerns in the construction industry. Scaffold monitoring technology based on 3D reconstruction can offer a potential solution to prevent such fatalities. However, the practical application of this technology at actual construction sites faces a notable challenge due to the presence of safety nets. Safety nets hinder the acquisition of complete scaffold point clouds necessary for reconstruction. To address this issue, we propose a novel registration method for scaffold point clouds that considers safety nets, employing sensor fusion and deep learning techniques. The method consists of three steps: 1) LiDAR-camera calibration and SLAM-based point cloud data acquisition, 2) object detection and coordinate transformation, and 3) identification of scaffold installation stages and point cloud registration. The proposed method was verified to be effective in registering scaffold point clouds without safety nets.

Applied denitrifying bioreactor cost efficiencies based on empirical construction costs and nitrate removal

Adoption of edge-of-field conservation practices, such as denitrifying bioreactors, may be intrinsically linked to barriers associated with cost. However, most previous bioreactor cost efficiency assessments assumed values for either costs and/or nitrate removal. The objective of this work was to use actual construction costs as well as monitored nitrate removal to develop empirical cost efficiencies for eight full-size bioreactors in Illinois, USA. Capital construction costs were obtained via invoices or personal communications. A cash-flow discounting procedure was used to develop an equal annualized cost for each bioreactor assuming two media recharges over a 24-y planning horizon. These costs were combined with monitored nitrate removal based on one to six years of monitoring per site. Construction costs averaged $12,250 ± $7520 across the eight sites (or, $16,020 ± $9960 in 2023 price levels) but considering one of the sites was a paired bioreactor system, costs averaged $10,890 per bioreactor unit. Drainage treatment area-based cost averaged $132/ha-y and treatment area was strongly correlated with capital costs (R2 = 0.90; p = 0.001). The bioreactors averaged $108/m3 of woodchips and available federal government conservation programs could have offset an average of 70% of this cost. Monitored nitrate removal across 27 site-years resulted in a median of $33/kg N-y removed. This mass-based cost efficiency was higher than most previous assessments because the monitored nitrate removal for the study sites was lower than has been previously assumed or modeled. Future reporting about bioreactor recharge timing and cost will help guide assessment and planning. Water quality planning efforts should also consider the increasingly important engineering design costs, which were not included here. Suggested research and outreach to improve bioreactor cost efficiencies involves scaling the physical capacity of this technology for larger treatment areas, revisiting the use of low-cost non-standard fill media, and providing practical construction training.

Research on Over-the-Horizon Perception Distance Division of Optical Fiber Communication Based on Intelligent Roadways.

With the construction and application of more and more intelligent networking demonstration projects, a large number of advanced roadside digital infrastructures are deployed on both sides of the intelligent road. These devices sense the road situation in real time through algorithms and transmit it to edge computing units and cloud control platforms through high-speed optical fiber transmission networks. This article proposes a cloud edge terminal architecture system based on cloud edge cooperation, as well as a data exchange protocol for cloud control basic platforms. The over-the-horizon scene division and optical fiber network communication model are verified by deploying intelligent roadside devices on the intelligent highway. At the same time, this article uses the optical fiber network communication algorithm and ModelScope large model to model inference on real-time video data. The actual data results show that the StreamYOLO (Stream You Only Look Once) model can use the Streaming Perception method to detect and continuously track target vehicles in real-time videos. Finally, the method proposed in this article was experimentally validated in an actual smart highway digital infrastructure construction project. The experimental results demonstrate the high application value and promotion prospects of the fiber optic network in the division of over the horizon perception distance in intelligent roadways construction.

Research on Information Modeling Technology of Assembly Building for Future Trends

Abstract In recent years, the informatization technology of BIM and digital twin has been applied to the field of assembled buildings, especially the advantages of BIM technology applied in the construction industry are gradually emerging. Therefore, this paper takes assembly building as the object and cost control as the purpose of conducting research. Firstly, it introduces the application of BIM technology in assembly building, and secondly, the collision process in BIM technology is optimized by the MLS-MPM algorithm. Economic benefit analysis is carried out on the informative modeling of BIM technology in assembly building, and finally, the constructed model is applied to the basement design stage, the construction production and transportation stage, and the construction stage to evaluate its project benefits. The results show that on the basis of Revit software modeling, the Revit model was imported into Navisworks, and a total of 619 collision points were found in the basement. It is found that the collision results of pipe diameters below DN50 have little impact on the actual construction; pipe diameters above DN50 have a great impact on the elevation in the actual construction, which requires collision detection and drawing modification. The analysis of the economic benefits of information technology modeling in assembly buildings found that it can create benefits of up to 50,200 yuan during the design phase. The build production and transportation phase results in the creation of 58,800,000yuan in benefits. Optimizing schedule and cost control leads to 36,000 yuan and 13,500yuan benefits in the construction phase, respectively. This study is very important to provide a reference for the application of information technology in assembly buildings for future trends.

Research on rural landscape garden planning and plantscape construction method based on digital twin technology under rural revitalization strategy

Abstract This paper integrates the landscape information model, designs the digital twin rural landscape architecture, and analyzes the advantages of the digital twin rural landscape model. The practical application of digital twin technology is examined from the planning and design stage to the construction stage. Considering the actual construction site layout and the consumption of construction materials, the NSGA-II algorithm is selected to optimize the dynamic layout of temporary facilities by combining multi-objective optimization theory. Using the digital twin to drive the dynamic layout of the construction site, a digital twin-driven construction site layout mechanism is proposed in combination with BIM technology. The actual construction scheduling tasks are used to analyze the feasibility of the construction site layout scheme generated using digital twin technology. Analyze the construction of rural landscape gardens planned using digital twin technology in terms of ecological, social, and economic benefits. The convergence minimum is achieved at 0.15 and 0.09 when comparing the number of iterations between the initialized layout and the digital twin-driven layout. The corresponding scheme reaches its optimal state during the construction stage and can provide the most suitable site arrangement scheme during that stage. The rural landscape garden planned by the digital twin technology can generate an economic return value of 71.756 yuan/m² per year, which can further promote rural revitalization.

Analysis on the synergistic variation of soil freezing and pile foundation bearing capacity in permafrost regions

The construction of bored piles in permafrost regions disturbs the thermal stability of frozen soil, leading to decreased early bearing capacity of the pile foundation. As the permafrost ground temperature influences the area, the pile-soil gradually undergoes refreezing, resulting in a continuous enhancement of the pile foundation's bearing capacity. To study the synergistic variation law of soil refreezing and bearing capacity of bridge pile foundation in permafrost regions, two test piles with a length of 15 m and a diameter of 1.2 m were poured based on the actual bridge engineering construction project in the permafrost region of Daxing’an mountains, China. The intelligent temperature monitoring system was set up inside and in the area where the test pile was located. Combined with the collected temperature data, the refreezing state of pile-soil was comprehensively judged. The self-balancing method was employed to assess the bearing capacity of pile foundation before and after refreezing, unveiling the variation patterns in friction resistance at different soil layers and pile-end resistance. On this basis, a finite element model was established to analyze the interaction between pile side friction and pile tip resistance at varying depths of frozen soil. The test and analysis results revealed that the permafrost temperature in the pile foundation area was −1.9℃.Following pile-soil refreezing, the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile foundation increased by 2232 kN, and the growth rate was 42.9%. The friction resistance of each soil (rock) layer on the pile side increased, with the growth rate ranging from 15% −75%.

МОДЕЛЬ ТЕПЛО-ВЕТРОВОГО РЕЖИМА НАРУЖНЫХ СТЕН ЗДАНИЙ С ЖАЛЮЗИЙНЫМ СОЛНЦЕЗАЩИТНЫМ УСТРОЙСТВОМ

The article discusses the energy efficiency of walls with louvered sun shading devices. It has been noted that louvered façade systems with a ventilated layer are an effective means of protection from solar radiation in summer. As a result of the experimental studies carried out on building models, a number of significant thermophysical regularities were noted that determine heat and wind processes in the near-wall layer of facade systems, which can rightfully be applied in the actual design, construction and operation of objects. Prerequisites and conditions have been created for the development of a universal methodology for assessing heat and wind processes, determined by geometric and physical similarity when modeling processes in the near-wall air environment in solving architectural and structural problems of various compositions. It has been established that the effectiveness of ventilation of the wall layer of air and the first unbuilt column floor is achieved by using façade louvered sun-protection devices with an angle of inclination of their lamellas of 45° - 60° to the plane of the facade during their insolation. The energy efficiency of building walls was revealed through the use of sun-protection louver devices. Prerequisites for the architectural and construction design of external walls with louvered sun-protection devices have been determined that contribute to the formation of convective flows in the wall layer of air, which can subsequently be used for heating premises, as well as for extracting exhaust air from premises by determining the location of natural supply and exhaust openings and the operating mode of windows sashes, transoms, vents.

Research on safety accident risk of construction engineering based on natural language processing technology and neural network technology

Abstract In recent years, China’s construction industry has achieved rapid development, while the problem of safety accident risks brought by construction projects has also arisen. In this paper, based on natural language processing technology, using a graph neural network algorithm, we constructed a graph data model of safety accident reports in construction engineering and generated a database of association rules of safety risk factors in construction engineering to identify and classify the risk of safety accidents in actual construction engineering. The pictures of safety risk behaviors at the construction site are processed with feature mapping and inputted into a convolutional neural network to build a construction engineering safety warning model. Through simulation experiments, the identification results of risk factors for the model constructed in this paper and the effective degree of safety warning are tested. The top five factors in the centrality ranking of risk factors of construction engineering safety accidents are S17, S6, S1, S9, and S8, with centrality levels of 1.9779, 1.8626, 1.8204, 1.6332 and 1.4534, and the factor attribute of S6 is the outcome factor. The warning model constructed in this paper is measured against the level of safety risk of the construction project under the non-adoption of the warning model. The safety risk is reduced by 35.8% after the adoption of the safety accident warning model, which shows that the model in this paper has a certain inhibition effect on the risk of safety accidents.

Multi-objective optimization of geosynthetic reinforced soil structures

Optimization models for reinforced earth structures such as foundation pads, bridge abutments, and embankments based on the Eurocode standard are presented. The developed optimization models, which take into account construction costs and environmental footprint, are used to determine an optimal design for each earth structure. The optimization model uses discrete variables, making the results more suitable for actual construction practice and fully exploiting the geotechnical and structural capacity of earth structures with geosynthetic reinforcement. The multi-objective optimization was performed to find a set of solutions that represent the best trade-off between construction cost and environmental footprint. The results show that the correct selection of geosynthetics leads to a significant reduction in costs and environmental impact. The general observation that emerges from the multi-objective optimization is that when designing the earth structures using geosynthetic reinforcements, due to the discrete set of variables, there are not so many optimal solutions that the designer can choose from. The entire optimization process is illustrated with the help of a numerical example. This study can help engineers to select earth structure and geosynthetic reinforcements that are economical and sustainable.

A Target-Aware Well Path Control Method Based on Transfer Reinforcement Learning

Summary In the actual construction process, well path control is a challenging task mainly due to the inevitable well deflection caused by geological factors, drilling tools as well as borehole enlargement. Most conventional well path control methods focus on elaborate mechanism model construction. The methods are typically constructed on the basis of certain constraints or assumptions, which reflect their limited ability to accurately capture the actual drilling process, low level of intelligence, poor anti-interference performance, and weak adaptive capacity. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a target-aware well path control method that integrates reinforcement learning and transfer learning. The proposed method employs a deep deterministic policy gradient model based on the prioritized experience replay mechanism and leverages transfer learning to accelerate model learning. This enables the construction of a target-aware well path adaptive control system with strong anti-interference capability. The proposed target-aware control method of well path based on reinforcement learning and transfer learning can accurately track the preset trajectory in diverse geological environments, reach the target area with high precision, and make reasonable trajectory optimization decisions with measurement while drilling (MWD) even when the target trajectory does not match the actual distribution of the reservoir. This approach exhibits excellent anti-interference and adaptive abilities.

공동주택 건설공사의 생산성이 프로젝트 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Improving productivity is essential for securing a company's competitiveness and sustainable growth.
 However, research on the productivity of apartment complexes is insufficient to date. The purpose of this study was to study major factors and measures affecting construction productivity as part of basic efforts to improve productivity in the apartment construction process. Through this, the purpose was to reveal the impact of productivity on the performance of apartment construction projects and to find effective management measures to contribute to improving the efficiency and quality of the construction industry.
 For the empirical analysis of the study, statistical analysis was performed using data collected from 130 actual apartment complex construction projects. The analysis results show that the role of work factors in the apartment building construction stage has a positive effect on customer participation and relative performance, and that sales per person in terms of construction management personnel and human resources management appear to have a positive effect on performance The purpose of this study theoretically demonstrates the importance of maintaining appropriate productivity, and practically shows that customer satisfaction and financial performance must be achieved simultaneously by maintaining efficient productivity during the project execution stage.

A Case Study of Peat Ground Improvement by Vacuum Consolidation in Hokkaido, Japan

This paper presents the field performance of vacuum consolidation method on peat ground and some technical learning from the field trial. Peat is well known to be a soft soil which has particular characteristics, including extremely high compressibility and greatly low undrained shear strength. In case of an embankment building over peat ground, sliding failure and large settlement often occur due to the particular characteristics. For actual construction sites on peat ground, therefore, some kinds of ground improvement methods are commonly used. One of the methods is the vacuum consolidation method which can load vacuum pressure with the soft ground by vacuum pumps and prefabricated vertical drains to accelerate the consolidation and increases the strength of soft ground. Peat ground distributed widely in Hokkaido, the northernmost land of Japan. A full-scale trial construction of vacuum consolidation was conducted in a highway project over peat deposit in Hokkaido of Japan to reveal its performance. Although the undrained shear strength of peat ground at the trial construction site was approximately 10 kN/m2 and extremely low, a 10.7 m high embankment was successfully built in only 45 days. This experimental fact implies that the vacuum consolidation method has extremely high effects in improving the stability of peat ground. Based on a result of the trial construction, it also revealed that the increase of undrained shear strength of the peat ground using vacuum consolidation and the suitable spacing of prefabricated vertical drains for peat ground.

Shunt Current Analysis of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery System with Multi-Stack Connections

Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) systems with multiple stacks due to long lifetime, low self-discharge, and flexible design, are commonly used in large-scale electrical energy storage applications In a VRFB system, pumps deliver positive and negative electrolytes to each stack through a piping system including channels and manifolds. However, the electrolyte flowing between cells through channels and manifolds and the electrolyte flowing between stacks through pipes are electrically conductive. Shunt currents are generated due to the voltage difference between the cells and between the stacks, which reduce the energy efficiency of the battery system. In particular, under different load connections, the shunt currents of a multi-stack VRFB system have different distributions and cause different impairments to the system efficiency. Therefore, it is important to predict the shunt currents of the multi-stack system under different load connections before the actual construction of the system. In this paper, a multi-stack VRFB system with 120 cells was explored by circuit-based modeling to evaluate the shunt currents according to the stack configuration such as serial, parallel, and mixed connections.Then, the Coulomb efficiencies (CEs) were investigated with operating currents at 36 and 54A. The results show that shunt currents are generally more significant at the center cell of a stack than at other cells under these stack configurations and exhibit a positive correlation with the battery state of charge (SOC), i.e., larger shunt currents increase with SOC. In addition, the CEs of the system are higher at 54A compared to those at 36A due to smaller shunt current losses regardless of the stack configurations. Furthermore, regardless of the operating current levels, the multi-stack system connected by parallel loads achieves the highest CEs compared to the series and mixed connected systems due to the absence of shunt current losses in the piping system. Figure 1

Experimental and numerical study on airflow-dust migration behavior in an underground cavern group construction for cleaner production

A large amount of dust will be generated during the construction of underground cavern group. The understanding of the dust migration in the construction ventilation of the underground cavern group can help to optimize the cavern group’s ventilation design and improve the ventilation scheme of the cavern group’s rationality. In this paper, the effects of dust particle size, dust migration path, initial dust concentration in cavern, tunnel entrance wind speed and air duct outlet wind speed on dust migration were studied by combining a model test and numerical calculation. The results show that in the process of dust ventilation migration, the larger the diameter of the dust particles, the more difficult it is to discharge. The time of dust concentration reducing to 2 mg/m3 has a logarithmic distribution with ventilation conditions. The high-speed airflow from the outlet of the air duct is an important factor affecting the migration of dust. The development of airflow is divided into vortex region, recirculation region, collision region and stability region. Vortex region and collision region have lower wind speed and higher dust concentration, which are the unfavorable positions in the ventilation process. In the actual construction process, shortening the distance of dust migration can make the dust discharge quickly. The amount of dust generated by construction has a significant impact on the peak concentration of dust migration. During the ventilation process, the wind speed at the entrance of the tunnel and at the outlet of the air duct has a significant impact on the migration time of dust, at the same time, the ventilation efficiency should be considered while selecting the wind speed.

Research on an Assembly Building Buffer Zone Based on Gray Critical Chain

The complexity of construction in prefabricated buildings makes it vulnerable to uncertainty in project timelines, and traditional project timeline management is insufficient to control project timelines for prefabricated buildings. Therefore, research on project timeline management for prefabricated buildings is needed in order to optimize project timelines and improve project execution rates. This study proposed an improved method of setting prefabricated building buffer zones through the use of improved grey critical chain technology. Five major factors affecting project timelines in actual prefabricated construction projects were selected: personnel experience, degree of prefabrication, technical complexity, reasonableness of construction plans, and degree of construction space availability. The OPA technique was introduced and combined with the entropy weight method to improve the comprehensive weight coefficient of the grey critical chain calculation of the factors affecting the timeline. Other influencing coefficients were determined, and a new calculation method for the size of prefabricated building buffer zones was proposed. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted in Matlab on actual construction projects to ensure the scientific rationality of the improved method. The results showed that compared with the classical buffer calculation methods (cut-and-paste method, C&PM and square root standard deviation method, RSEM), the project timeline was reduced by 14.3% and 11.7%, respectively, using the improved method. The improved method not only reduces project uncertainties, but also achieves the goal of optimizing project timelines, and it is reasonable and effective. The results of the study provide a direction for the project timeline management of prefabricated building critical chains, and this method can be applied to the planning and management of prefabricated building buffer zones.

Analysing urban green infrastructure network (GIN) for resilience and ecosystem services: The standards and methods

The widespread spread of COVID-19 in cities has revealed problems with current urban planning. In view of these problems, scholars have looked forward to the development direction of future cities. Through literature review, this study finds that achieving these development goals is highly correlated with urban ecological services (ES). The realization of ES function depends on the green infrastructure (GI), and the actual construction of GI needs the analysis and judgment of its spatial structure, that is, the green infrastructure network (GIN), through urban planning policies. Therefore, this study will analyze the concept and GIN research progress based on a literature review, to clarify the core concerns of current relevant research; Then, the evaluation of GIN is analyzed based on a literature review, including the necessity of evaluation, the criteria followed by evaluation and the methods used in evaluation, to identify the most effective evaluation criteria and methods at present and provide theoretical basis for future specific research. Therefore, GIN construction in the city can be more scientific for the future of urban public health events to play a positive role.

Analysis of Asphalt Concrete Highway Construction Technology in Highway Engineering

In recent years, asphalt concrete has been commonly used for construction in highway engineering in China. In actual construction, asphalt concrete construction technology has a serious impact on the quality of highway engineering. Therefore, in order to strictly control quality and effectively avoid safety accidents during highway engineering construction. This requires relevant personnel to strengthen the analysis and research of asphalt concrete road construction technology, in order to meet the latest requirements for the quality of concrete pavement construction in the context of rapid urbanization in China. The following article will analyze the construction technology of asphalt concrete engineering in highway engineering, hoping to have a certain effect on improving the quality of highway engineering construction in China.

Denoising of blasting vibration signals based on CEEMDAN-ICA algorithm.

Monitoring of blasting vibration signals can make the collected blasting signals noisy due to various factors such as on-site actual construction conditions, equipment, and instruments. Thus, the acquired signals should be preprocessed before analyzing the blasting vibration signals. The current study proposes a blasting vibration denoising method based on CEEMDAN-ICA to alleviate the noise component in the blasting signals effectively. The collected signal is first decomposed through the CEMMDAN algorithm to extract the IMF components of different frequency bands. Next, the collected signal is estimated using the ICA algorithm to attain corresponding ICA components. Finally, the arrangement entropy of the ICA components is calculated for signal reconstruction to attain a small noise blasting vibration signal. Simulations are performed to evaluate the feasibility of the presented algorithm and compare its efficiency with the traditional algorithms. The results demonstrate that this algorithm has specific advantages over other algorithms, which can more accurately denoise the original signal and retain the effective signals, providing a new denoising method for subsequent signal analysis.

Study on the Effect of Rock Mass Structure on CO2 Transient Fissure Excavation

As a new rock breaking method, CO2 transient cracking has been widely used in rock excavation projects in recent years. However, in the actual construction process, there are often situations where the fracturing effect varies due to different rock mass structures. Through theoretical analysis and on-site cracking tests, this article studies the effect of CO2 transient cracking under the control of different rock mass structures. The results show that: (1) the dynamic compressive strength of rock directly determines the number and range of dynamic impact fractures; the original fractures of rock mass and those caused by dynamic impact in the first stage jointly determine the effect of high-pressure gas expansion in the second stage. (2) The arrangement of holes along the strata is conducive to the action of high-pressure expanding gas along the soft structural plane in the rock mass, which is conducive to the fracturing of the rock mass; the amount of crack formation is small, but the influence range is large. (3) The cracking effect of carbon dioxide transient cracking applied to massive rock mass is better than that of monolithic rock mass, while the cracking effect of layered rock mass with soil interlayer is poor. The research results are of great significance for improving the effectiveness of carbon dioxide transient-induced cracking excavation and guiding actual construction.