Actual Body Research Articles

Association of Body Image Distortion with Smartphone Dependency and Usage Time in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Korean Youth Study.

Adolescent dependency on smartphones is the highest among all age groups. Adolescents can be influenced to evaluate their body image by popular ideals about beautiful bodies via smartphone content, which can cause body image distortion. This study aimed to examine the association between body image distortion and smartphone dependency and the duration of smartphone usage among Korean adolescents. This study used data from the 16th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2020), and included 42,981 participants, who were grouped according to self-reported duration of smartphone usage and smartphone dependency, as measured by a questionnaire. Body image distortion is defined as an exaggerated subjective body image compared to the actual body image. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of body image distortion on smartphone dependency and usage time after adjusting for various factors related to body image distortion. Among the 42,981 participants, both moderate and high levels of smartphone dependency were associated with body image distortion in boys (moderate: adjusted OR [aOR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.22; high: aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.32) and girls (moderate: aOR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.23; high: aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.18-1.42) compared to the low-level dependency group. However, no significant association was found between smartphone usage duration and body image distortion. Our study demonstrated that moderate to high levels of smartphone dependency are associated with body image distortion in adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies for checking and managing adolescents' smartphone dependence.

Referent Control of Side-to-Side Body-Weight Transfer During Standing and Stepping in Adults

Research suggests that locomotion may be primarily caused by shifting stable body balance from one location in the environment to another with subsequent rhythmical muscle activation by the central pattern generator (CPG), constituting a multi-level control system. All levels interact with environmental forces affected by proprioceptive and vestibular reflexes as well as vision. A similar multi-level control schema is likely used to shift body balance laterally when the body weight is rhythmically transferred from side-to-side. In order to do so, the system shifts a specific body posture in space. This body posture is referred to as the threshold or referent body posture, R, at which all muscles involved can be at rest but are activated depending on the deflection of the actual body posture, Q, from R. This concept has previously been investigated for forward and backward locomotion. The purpose of the present study was to verify if it was also applicable to locomotor tasks in other directions such as sidestepping. We predicted that during sidestepping, the actual and referent posture can transiently match each other bringing the activity of multiple muscles to a minimum. The existence of such minima was demonstrated in healthy adults performing three locomotor tasks involving shifts of the body weight from side-to-side thus further supporting the validity of the multi-level control scheme of locomotion.

Shifting goalposts: widening discrepancies between girls' actual and ideal bodies predict disordered eating from preadolescence to adulthood.

Little is known regarding how disordered eating (DE) relates to perceived actual body size, ideal body size, and their discrepancy. This study examined changes in perceived actual body size, ideal body size, and actual-ideal discrepancies over time, and their relationship with subsequent DE. Participants were 759 female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study who reported on body image and DE every three to five years between approximately ages 11 to 29. We used multilevel modeling to examine developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) and Body Rating Scale Actual, Ideal, and Actual-Ideal discrepancy scores and compared the degree to which BMI, BRS body size perceptions, and body dissatisfaction predicted DE behaviors and attitudes over time. Participants were treated as singletons in analyses. Perceived Actual body sizes and BMIs increased from age 10 to 33, whereas Ideal body sizes remained largely stable across time, resulting in growing Actual-Ideal discrepancies. Body size perceptions and Actual-Ideal discrepancies predicted subsequent DE behaviors and attitudes more strongly than did body dissatisfaction as measured by self-report questionnaires. This research advances understanding of how female body size perceptions and ideals change across development and highlights their relationship with subsequent DE.

Medically Tailored Meals for Patients With Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy: The BRAINFOOD Proof-of-concept Trial

Background and AimsGuidelines recommend that patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) receive a high-protein diet (roughly 1 g/kg actual body weight). Concommitant sodium restriction, low health literacy, and food insecurity limit patients’ ability to meet this goal. We aimed to determine the feasibility of home-delivered high protein medically tailored meals (MTM) for patients with a recent episode of overt HE. MethodWe enrolled patients with prior overt HE on active HE therapy in a 6 month trial of MTM. All received 12 weeks of 21 home-delivered meals/week with protein snacks (mid-day and bedtime). Patients completed follow-up at week 24. The primary outcome was feasibility. Additional outcomes included change in protein and micronutrient intake (measured using 24-hour dietary recalls performed by dieticians), cognitive function (animal naming test, ANT; encephalapp stroop), physical function (liver frailty index, LFI), and quality of life (SF-8). Healthcare utilization was also assessed. Results10 patients competed the study with >90% of MTM consumed. Protein intake rose from 74.6+25.1g at baseline to 93.8+24.3g on MTM (p=0.04). Branched-chain amino acids also increased – valine 3.73+1.26g to 5.17+1.28, isoleucine 3.32+1.18 to 4.69+1.55, leucine 5.83+2.00 to 7.49+2.07, all p<0.001. LFI improved from 4.42±0.32 to 3.96±0.82 by the end of the MTM phase (p=0.03). SF-8 quality of life scores improved from 55.5±15.5 at baseline to 64.7±18.3 after the MTM phase, to 64.4±19.1 at the end of the study (p=0.1). EncephalApp-Stroop time improved from 227±94 to 194±58s by the end of the MTM phase (p=0.08). ANT scores were similarly non-significantly improved. ConclusionHome delivered MTM are feasible, increase protein consumption, and may improve patient well-being. A randomized trial is needed.

Prediction of Expected Fetal Weight From Fetal Limb Soft Tissue Measurements [ID 2683393

INTRODUCTION: This study was to investigate a combination of new formulas that predict birth weight in full-term pregnancy by measuring the thickness of the humerus soft tissue and femur soft tissue in fetuses using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. METHODS: There were a total of 110 mothers and newborns who were hospitalized with selective cesarean section, induced delivery, or natural delivery between April 2019 and August 2021. We retrospectively investigated fetal biometric parameters (BPD, HC, AC, FL, partial arm volume [Avol], and partial thigh volume [Tvol]), as measured by 4D View 9.0 and GE Healthcare Ultrasound while the mother was admitted to the delivery ward before delivery. The study was approved by the ethics board of the National Medical Center (NMC-2022-03-026). RESULTS: Among the several combinations that showed the expected weight, the weight predicted by AC/BPD/Tvol gave the strongest correlation (0.780) with the actual weight of the newborn, with an error rate of 6.4%. In boys, among the several combinations indicating the predicted body weight, AC/Avol/BPD had the highest correlation coefficient with the actual body weight (0.791), with an error rate of 5.0%. In girls, among several combinations, AC/Tvol/BPD had the highest correlation coefficient with actual body weight (0.878), with an error rate of 5.3%. CONCLUSION: The fetal weight predicted using Tvol and Avol measured using 3D ultrasound as parameters had a lower error rate for birth weight than the predicted weight measured by conventional 2D ultrasound. The parameters highly correlated with birth weight; however, differences were seen between the sexes.

Automated Evaluation of Ellipsoid Zone At-Risk Burden for Detection of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy.

Screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is crucial to detecting early disease. A novel machine-learning-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarker, Ellipsoid Zone (EZ) At-Risk, can quantitatively measure EZ alterations and at-risk areas for progressive EZ loss in a fully automated fashion. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the EZ At-Risk burden in eyes with HCQ toxicity to eyes without toxicity. IRB-approved image analysis study of 83 subjects on HCQ and 44 age-matched normal subjects. SD-OCT images were reviewed for evidence of HCQ retinopathy. A ML-based, fully automatic measurement of the percentage of the macular area with EZ At-Risk was performed. The mean age for HCQ subjects was 67.1 ± 13.2 years and 64.2 ± 14.3 years for normal subjects. The mean EZ At-Risk macular burden in the "toxic" group (n = 38) was significantly higher (10.7%) compared to the "non-toxic" group (n = 45; 2.2%; p = 0.023) and the "normal" group (1.4%; p = 0.012). Additionally, the amount of EZ At-Risk burden was significantly correlated with the HCQ dose based on the actual (p = 0.016) and ideal body weight (p = 0.033). The novel biomarker EZ-At Risk was significantly higher in subjects with evidence of HCQ retinopathy as well as significantly associated with HCQ dose. This novel biomarker should be further evaluated as a potential screening tool for subjects on HCQ.

Optimizing Thyroxine Dosage After Total Thyroidectomy: Understanding the Factors at Play.

Total thyroidectomy is evolving as the choice of treatment for non-malignant thyroid conditions. Therefore, an ideal method of thyroxine replacement is necessary to avoid the ill effects of under- and over-replacement in such patients. To assess the correlation between optimal thyroxine dose and potential variables like lean body mass (LBM), body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), body weight, age, and sex in patients who underwent total thyroidectomies for benign multinodular goiters in our institute. A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken at the Government Medical CollegeThrissur, a tertiary care provider in India, between October 2018 and September 2019. One hundred adult patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy for various benign thyroid conditions were included. They were initially given thyroxine 75 µg upon discharge and received follow-up doses every two months until they achieved euthyroid status on two consecutive visits. The variables evaluated at this stage included age, sex, actual body weight, lean body weight, BMI, and biochemical data (triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)). Correlation, multiple step-wise regression, and variance were carried out using EPI INFO version 7.2.2.6. The best predictors for optimum thyroxine dose were BSA (0.923, P < 0.01) and LBM (0.921, P < 0.01), compared with body weight (0.833, P < 0.01) and BMI (0.523, P < 0.01). In our study, the least significant factor was the age of the patient (r = 0.117, P < 0.01). There was no significant association between gender and thyroxine dose. The mean thyroxine dose was 1.87 µg/kg of the patient's body weight. The optimum thyroxine replacement based on BSA or LBM is a more ideal method than based on BMI or body weight alone.

EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY AND CONCORDANCE OF VISUAL WEIGHT ASSESSMENT IN WATER BUFFALO FEMALES

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background.&lt;/strong&gt; For the development of reproductive, nutritional and health programmes, estimation of animal body weight (BW) is a fundamental tool in herd management. &lt;strong&gt;Objective. &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate of the reliability and concordance&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;of visual weight assessment in water buffalo females. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology. &lt;/strong&gt;Data on visually estimated body weight (VM) and actual body weight (BW) were recorded for 229 female water buffaloes. BW was recorded using a digital scale and visual estimation BW was taken as the average of three observations made by three observers. The measurements obtained by each of the different estimation methods were also compared with the observed weights by inspecting the paired Bland-Altman plots prior to logarithmic transformation. &lt;strong&gt;Results. &lt;/strong&gt;Correlations between observed BW and mean predicted BW for visual methods showed a positive and significant relationship (P&amp;lt;0.001), with an r value of 0.95. According to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), there was a high degree of reliability in the visual estimates of buffalo weight, due to the similarity in the mean and dispersion of each observer's estimates. Both the Bland-Altman plot and the ICC show that there is a high level of concordance between the buffalo weights obtained by the visual and real methods. &lt;strong&gt;Implications.&lt;/strong&gt; The result of the present study showed that visual assessment highlights the ability of livestock handlers to have a very accurate estimation of BW in female water buffaloes. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion.&lt;/strong&gt; The results of this study show that visual assessment highlights the ability of livestock handlers to visually estimate BW in female water buffaloes with high reliability and concordance with the animal weighbridge method.&lt;/p&gt;

Strategies to deal with genetic analyzer-specific DNA methylation measurements.

Targeted bisulfite sequencing using single-base extension (SBE)can be used to measure DNA methylation via capillary electrophoresis on genetic analyzers in forensic labs. Several accurate age prediction models have been reported using this method. However, using different genetic analyzers with different software settings can generate different methylation values, leading to significant errors in age prediction. To address this issue, the study proposes and compares four methods as follows: (1) adjusting methylation values using numerous actual body fluid DNA samples, (2) adjusting methylation values using control DNAs with varying methylation ratios, (3) constructing new age prediction models for each genetic analyzer type, and (4) constructing new age prediction models that could be applied to all types of genetic analyzers. To test the methods for adjusting values using actual body fluid DNA samples, previously reported adjusting equations were used for blood/saliva DNA age prediction markers (ELOVL2, FHL2, KLF14, MIR29B2CHG/C1orf132, and TRIM59). New equations were generated for semen DNA age prediction markers (TTC7B, LOC401324/cg12837463, and LOC729960/NOX4) by drawing polynomial regression lines between the results of the three types of genetic analyzers (3130, 3500, and SeqStudio). The same method was applied to obtain adjustment equations using 11 control DNA samples. To develop new age prediction models for each genetic analyzer type, linear regression analysis was conducted using DNA methylation data from 150 blood, 150 saliva, and 62 semen samples. For the genetic analyzer-independent models, control DNAs were used to formulate equations for calibrating the bias of the data from each genetic analyzer, and linear regression analysis was performed using calibrated body fluid DNA data. In the comparison results, the genetic analyzer-specific models showed the highest accuracy. However, genetic analyzer-independent models through bias adjustment also provided accurate age prediction results, suggesting its use as an alternative in situations with multiple constraints.

Relationship between muscle mass ratio and rocuronium dose required for maintaining deep neuromuscular blockade: A prospective observational study

BackgroundDeep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) has benefits in various surgical procedures, however, precise quantitative neuromuscular monitoring is crucial for its proper maintenance and recovery. Neuromuscular blocking agent dosage relies on actual body weight (ABW), but this varies among individuals. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that there is a correlation between the rocuronium requirement for deep NMB and muscle mass ratio measured by bioelectric impedance analysis. MethodsNinety adult female patients undergoing laparoscopic operation were enrolled in this study. Muscle and fat masses were assessed using a body composition analyser. Deep NMB, defined as a post-tetanic count of 1–2, was maintained through the continuous infusion of rocuronium. The primary outcome involves determining the correlation between the rocuronium dose required for deep NMB and the muscle mass ratio. Conversely, secondary outcomes included assessing the relationship between the rocuronium dose for deep NMB and fat mass ratio, and ABW. Additionally, we investigated their relationship with rocuronium onset time and profound blockade duration. ResultsNo relationship was observed between the muscle mass ratio and rocuronium dose required for maintaining deep NMB (r = 0.059 [95% CI = 0.153–0.267], p = 0.586). Fat mass ratio and ABW showed no correlation with the rocuronium dose, whereas rocuronium onset time was positively correlated with muscle mass ratio (r = 0.327) and negatively correlated with fat mass ratio (r = −0.302), respectively. Profound blockade duration showed no correlation with any of the assessed variables. ConclusionsNo correlation was detected between muscle mass ratio and the rocuronium dose required to achieve deep NMB.

Reduced body-image disturbance by body-image interventions is associated with neural-response changes in visual and social processing regions: a preliminary study.

Body-image disturbance is a major factor in the development of eating disorders, especially among young women. There are two main components: perceptual disturbance, characterized by a discrepancy between perceived and actual body size, and affective disturbance, characterized by a discrepancy between perceived and ideal body size. Interventions targeting body-image disturbance ask individuals to describe their own body without using negative expressions when either viewing it in a mirror or imagining it. Despite the importance of reducing body-image disturbance, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated the changes in neural responses before and after an intervention. We hypothesized that neuralresponses correlated with the degree of body-image disturbance would also be related to its reduction, i.e., a reduction in perceptual and affective disturbances would be related to changes in attentional and socio-cognitive processing, respectively. Twenty-eight young adult women without known psychiatric disorders underwent a single 40-min intervention. Participants completed tasks before and after the intervention, in which they estimated their perceived and ideal body sizes using distorted silhouette images to measure body-image disturbance. We analyzed the behavioral and neural responses of participants during the tasks. The intervention did not significantly reduce body-image disturbance. Analysis of individual differences showed distinct changes in neural responses for each type of disturbance. A decrease in perceptual disturbance was associated with bodily visuospatial processing: increased activation in the left superior parietal lobule, bilateral occipital gyri, and right cuneus. Reduced affective disturbance was associated with socio-cognitive processing; decreased activation in the right temporoparietal junction, and increased functional connectivity between the left extrastriate body area and the right precuneus. We identified distinct neural mechanisms (bodily visuospatial and socio-cognitive processing) associated with the reduction in each component of body-image disturbance. Our results imply that different neural mechanisms are related to reduced perceptual disturbance and the expression thereof, whereas similar neural mechanisms are related to the reduction and expression of affective disturbance. Considering the small sample size of this study, our results should be regarded as preliminary.

Unintended Consequences: Spawn as “Superman Black”

ABSTRACT: While arguably the most popular and successful Black superhero in comic books, Spawn, the former CIA assassin Al Simmons turned agent of Hell, rarely exhibits his racial identity. The creator of Spawn and one of the founding members of Image Comics, Todd McFarlane, remarked that he wanted to make Spawn a super-hero “who happened to be black,” thus trying to transcend racial identity through the superhero genre. This attempt at transcendence, however, results in the suppression of Spawn’s racial identity, and ultimately an affi rmation of the superhero genre’s logic as a logic of whiteness. With the help of Frantz Fanon and numerous comic studies scholars, I will look at Spawn’s actual body, his super suit, and the rare moments of Black identity allowed him by McFarlane as a site of Spawn entering into the “bodily schema” of the superhero. After this analysis, I will use James Lamb’s idea of “Superman Black” to frame McFarlane’s wish to suppress and minimize Spawn’s Black identity and reveal how that suppression and erasure becomes integral to Spawn standing on his own as “Superman Black.”

Silhouette showcards confirm altered obesity-associated body image perception in international cohort study of African-origin populations

ObjectivesGiven the increasing prevalence of obesity and need for effective interventions, there is a growing interest in understanding how an individual’s body image can inform obesity prevention and management. This...

Estimating Body Weight From Measurements From Different Single-Slice Computed Tomography Levels: An Evaluation of Total Cross-Sectional Body Area Measurements and Deep Learning.

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the estimated body weight obtained from 2 easy-to-perform methods and the actual body weight at different computed tomography (CT) levels and determine the best reference site for estimating body weight. A total of 862 patients from a public database of whole-body positron emission tomography/CT studies were retrospectively analyzed. Two methods for estimating body weight at 10 single-slice CT levels were evaluated: a linear regression model using total cross-sectional body area and a deep learning-based model. The accuracy of body weight estimation was evaluated using the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Spearman rank correlation coefficient ( ρ ). In the linear regression models, the estimated body weight at the T5 level correlated best with the actual body weight (MAE, 5.39 kg; RMSE, 7.01 kg; ρ = 0.912). The deep learning-based models showed the best accuracy at the L5 level (MAE, 6.72 kg; RMSE, 8.82 kg; ρ = 0.865). Although both methods were feasible for estimating body weight at different single-slice CT levels, the linear regression model using total cross-sectional body area at the T5 level as an input variable was the most favorable method for single-slice CT analysis for estimating body weight.

Association between overweight/obesity perception, actual body weight and cardiometabolic risk among healthy Ghanaian adults

BackgroundThe global rise in obesity, particularly among black Africans in developing nations experiencing nutritional transitions, underscores the importance of exploring Overweight/Obesity Perception (OP) as a crucial factor in maintaining an optimal body weight. Incorrect body image perception may impede efforts to achieve the desired body weight, leading to adverse outcomes related to Cardiometabolic Diseases (CMD). This cross-sectional study investigated the interplay between overweight/obesity perception, actual body weight, and CMD risk in a cohort of healthy Ghanaian adults. MethodsA total of 302 apparently healthy adults, aged 25–60 years, with Dagomba ancestry, were recruited from three communities. Participants were screened based on age, ancestry, history of communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), and use of antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, and antihypertensive drugs. Anthropometric assessments and blood sample collections for biochemical analysis were conducted. Body image perception was measured using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (SFRS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis. ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 38.28 ± 10.88, with 61.6% being women. While 47% accurately perceived their body weight, 53% had incorrect perceptions. Notably, 47.2% underestimated and 8.5% overestimated their weight status. Among overweight individuals, 33% underestimated and 9.4% overestimated their weight, whereas among the obese, 66.7% and 33.3% respectively had inaccurate perceptions. Gender, serum triglyceride levels, and waist circumference were significantly associated with weight perception. About 55% of overweight/obese participants and 62.1% with high waist circumference did not express a desire to lose weight. Multiple logistic regression revealed that both overweight (AOR = 6, 95% CI (1.8–20.2), p < 0.05) and obesity (AOR = 20.5, 95% CI (5–84.9), p < 0.05) significantly increased the odds of CMD. ConclusionThe findings underscore the association between overweight/obesity and an elevated risk of CMD. This emphasizes the imperative for public health interventions aimed at promoting an ideal body weight and highlighting the impact of overweight/obesity on CMD risk factors.

IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF CALCULATION WEIGHTS BY VISUAL INPUT: A PILOT STUDY IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF A LOW MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY

Accurate weight estimation is critical in emergency medical scenarios requiring immediate interventions. This pilot study explores the feasibility of improving weight calculation accuracy through visual input, focusing on height-based estimations. The research aims to contribute valuable insights to weight estimation methodologies, particularly in resource-constrained settings. The objective of the pilot study is to explore the feasibility of improving weight calculation accuracy through visual input, focusing on height-based estimations. Data was collected encompassing diverse height ranges from 1.45 to 1.94 meters. Comprehensive datasets included actual body weights, estimated weights, standard deviation, and standard error. eBW(kg) = (N− 1)100 is the estimated body weight method, where "N" is the height measured in meters. Body weight classifications were employed to analyze the accuracy of estimations further. Correction factors for everyone were computed. The correction factor separates the obtained data into underweight, close to actual weight, and overweight. Following optimization, the average correction factor for every category is updated. These updated correction factors improve weight estimation precision. Linear regression analyses were conducted to compare actual and estimated weights, visually representing the discrepancies. The calculated correction factors are essential to improving weight calculations in medicine. The thorough research and improvement procedure resulted in revised correction factors significantly improving the precision of weight estimates in the medical field. We can say that the following equation provides a more accurate weight estimate. Wt corrected = (N-1) x 100 x Correction Factor. This revised weight is an enhanced estimate that considers the updated correction factors. The calculated correction variables are essential to improving weight estimations in medicine. The thorough research and improvement procedure resulted in revised correction factors that significantly improved the precision of weight estimations in the medical field. The derived correction factors demonstrate their effectiveness in enhancing weight estimations, notably in specific patient groups. The investigation classifies patients and delivers precise modifications to improve weight estimations, ensuring safer prescribing procedures. The proposed correction variables will be critical in evaluating emergency medicine doses for individuals.

Family Fat Talk Questionnaire - Polish adaptation.

One of the dangerous phenomena that reinforces a negative attitude towards one's own body is the so-called family fat talk1, i.e. conversations initiated by carers/siblings selfdevaluing body shapes and sizes. The aim of our own research was to adapt the self-report two-factor tool Family Fat Talk Questionnaire (FFTQ) by MacDonald et al., which may be used in the prophylaxis of maladaptive behaviours towards eating and the body, especially in the adolescent population. The study covered 391 people at the turn of late adolescence and early adulthood. The following were used: (1) personal questionnaire - to control secondary variables (e.g. gender, BMI, difference between the actual and desired body weight), (2) Family Fat Talk Questionnaire in the Polish language version (FFTQ-PL) and (3) Kwestionariusz wizerunku ciała (KWCO) by A. Głębocka to check external accuracy. The research results indicate that the FFTQ-PL has satisfactory reliability and measurement accuracy, and its two-factor structure (factor 1 - "I"; factor 2 - "Family") has been confirmed. This measure is worth using in screening studies to identify people - especially adolescents - engaging in self-devaluing conversations within the family. It turns out that fat talk, especially in the case of people with a negative body image, can become a risk factor for risky eating practices.

Predictors of body image dissatisfaction in kinesiology students.

This research aimed to examine predictors of discrepancies between actual and ideal body images, specifically body fat and muscularity discrepancies, in kinesiology students. Volunteer participants (N = 174, men = 112, women = 62) filled out the sex-specific Somatomorphic Matrices (NSM-M and SM-F) as well as The Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PNPS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) using paper and pencil tools. The median and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine sex differences, and regression analyses were used to determine the contribution of sex, perfectionism, self-esteem, and eating attitudes in explaining the variances in body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction. The results showed no sex differences in body fat discrepancy, while men showed more discrepancy between actual and ideal muscularity than women. In regression analyses, sex was the only significant predictor of muscularity discrepancy, while disordered eating attitudes were a positive, and positive perfectionism was a negative predictor of body fat discrepancy. This study showed that while muscularity dissatisfaction is linked to the male sex, body fat dissatisfaction is not related to sex but to psychological variables of disordered eating attitudes and positive perfectionism in a population of youths that may be above average when it comes to physical activity.

A Comparative Analysis of Engraftment Outcomes for Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants (allo HSCT) and Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) Based on Ideal Body Weight (IBW) or Actual Body Weight (ABW) Dosing of CD34-Positive Stem Cells

A Comparative Analysis of Engraftment Outcomes for Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants (allo HSCT) and Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) Based on Ideal Body Weight (IBW) or Actual Body Weight (ABW) Dosing of CD34-Positive Stem Cells

Association between body weight perception and actual body mass index among adult women in Erbil city, Iraq

BackgroundThe misperception of body weight can significantly affect individuals' health behaviors, such as physical activity, diet, and weight management. This study aimed to examine the association between body weight perception and actual body mass index (BMI) among adult women and explore the factors influencing this relationship.MethodsFive hundred forty female individuals aged 18–65 participated in this cross-sectional study. The validated Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for data collection. The BMI of the participants was calculated from measured body weight and height. Body weight perception was assessed using a single questionnaire item. The association of BMI and body weight perception was assessed, and the result was categorized as underestimation, consistency, and overestimation. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the consistency of BMI and body weight perception by different sociodemographic factors. The kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of BMI and body weight perception.ResultsOf the 540 participants, 13.3% underestimated their body weight status, 79.1% accurately perceived their body weight status, and 7.6% overestimated their body weight status. Unmarried women (11.7%) were more likely than ever married (4.3%) to overestimate their body weight (p = 0.005). On multiple logistic regression, being unmarried (OR = 1.68 (95%CI 1.01–2.80)) was significantly associated with body weight misperception. Body weight perception and BMI categories showed a significantly good consistency (kappa = 0.612, p < 0.001). Correct perception of body weight was highest among the overweight, followed by normal weight and underweight individuals (82.1%, 75.8%, and 72.2%, respectively).ConclusionBody weight perception was well associated with actual body weight status. Unmarried women are more likely to misperceive body weight, particularly overestimating it. Underestimation of body weight was relatively high and much higher than the overestimation, which might keep obese individuals from weight loss activities. Preventing obesity should include awareness about body weight misperceptions.